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Purpose: Given that university-industry cooperation is associated with the transfer of knowledge and technology, one of the key indicators of a country's development is the effectiveness of collaboration between universities and industry. Due to the significance of this topic, the present article seeks to analyze the state of cooperation between Iranian universities and industry based on the co-publication of articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 2010 to 2022, particularly in terms of financial support. The findings of this research will inform national policymakers and planners about the current state of university-industry cooperation in Iran, enabling them to devise appropriate strategies to enhance this collaboration.Methodology: The research method employed in this study is both descriptive and quantitative, utilizing scientific techniques such as word co-occurrence analysis. The statistical population for this research comprises 2,891 articles. This study encompasses all articles that received financial support, focusing on the collaboration between universities and industry in Iran from 2010 to 2022; therefore, no sampling method was applied. Instead, a census sampling method was utilized. To examine the collaboration between universities and industry through scientific publications (articles), each article must include at least one author affiliated with an industrial organization and one author affiliated with an academic institution, both of whom must have a financial sponsor. Specific labels were used to identify the organizations involved. Data collection was conducted using the Web of Science database, and the data were analyzed and visualized using BibExcel and VOSviewer software.Findings: According to the findings of the current research, the highest number of financial supports for cooperation between industries and universities in Iran was recorded in 2021, with 430 articles published. In contrast, the lowest number was recorded in 2010, with only 89 articles. On the international front, 78 countries have co-published with Iran, with the United States leading in the number of collaborative articles. Other countries that have engaged in significant cooperation with Iran include England, Canada, Australia, France, New Zealand, China, Germany, Italy, and Russia are other countries that have had a large number of cooperation cases in Iran. The data related to financial support institutions showed that the National Iranian Oil Company along its subsidiaries (9.79%); Iran National Petrochemical Company along its subsidiaries (4.74%); Support fund for researchers and technologists (4.08%); Islamic Azad University (3.22%); National Gas Company and its subsidiaries (3.18%); University of Tehran with (2.94%); and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (2.80%) have provided the most financial support. Out of a total of 251 subject areas of Web of Science, 151 areas have received financial support in cooperation between the university and the industry. Based on thematic analysis, chemical engineering fields (10.27%); environmental sciences and materials science (4.28%); energy and fuels (4.21%); and water resources (3.65%), are the most used topics in the articles.Conclusion: The annual growth rate of articles receiving financial support indicates that the 13-year collaboration between universities and industry has experienced significant fluctuations, with some years witnessing a decline. Furthermore, the leading industries providing financial sponsorship include oil, petrochemicals, and gas. Most of these companies are supported by government organizations and are among the most profitable in the country. Consequently, a substantial portion of the investments in this collaboration is derived from the government budget. In terms of the subjects covered in the articles, the results reveal that, while the fields are diverse and extensive, there is a noticeable absence of certain topics, particularly in the humanities and social sciences.

AbstractIntroduction: One of the strategic to solve the fodder shortage in the country is to use annual summer forage legumes under suitable irrigation system. Legumes are an important rich source of protein in human and animal nutrition.Methods: This research was carried out in the research farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj in Alborz province for two years in 2019 and 2020. A split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Three legume species was used including cowpea, mung bean, and guar. Three irrigation treatments used including normal, medium and severe stress 60, 100, 140 mm evaporation, respectively, from the evaporation pan level of class A in the main plots, and three legume species in the main subplots. In this study, forage production return was done using profitability indices and productivity was measured using physical and economic productivity indices.Findings: The results showed that the increase in average net income of cowpea forage production under normal irrigation to medium stress and Severe stress was estimated 48.5 and 55.1 percent and this increase in mung bean was 3.1 and 39 percent, respectively. Increase in average economic productivity of water in cowpea forage production under Severe stress condition to medium stress and normal irrigation was estimated 16.5 and 45.1 percent, respectively. Increase in average economic productivity of water in mung bean forage production under Severe stress condition to medium stress and normal irrigation was estimated 8.8 and 51.8 percent, respectively.

Introduction: Aggression in children and teenagers can lead to psychological and social harm to themselves and those around them. Given this, the present study aimed to examine the effect of child-centered mindfulness therapy on reducing social anxiety and bullying among aggressive male students.Methods: The research method employed in this study was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised aggressive students aged 9-12 years from the second elementary school in Isfahan City during the academic year of 2022-2023. A total of 36 aggressive male students were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 students in each group). The experimental group underwent child-centered mindfulness therapy for ten weeks, with each session lasting 75 minutes. The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), and Bullying Questionnaire (BQ) were used in this research. The data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test via SPSS23 statistical software.Results: The results indicated that child-centered mindfulness therapy significantly affected social anxiety (F=54.37; eta=0.61; p

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of psychological factors on the fluctuations of coin prices in the market. Psychological factors belong to a category of factors that have given rise to the subfield of behavioral economics. On the other hand, price fluctuations near certain numbers, are an example of market inefiiciency, which contradicts the foundation of classical economic theories. The period under study in this research ranges from 1392 to 1400, including a period of price stability (1392-1396) and a priodof high fluctuations due to international sanctions(1396-1400). The price range during this period has been from 800000 Tomans to 16000000 Tomans.The GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) approach is used to estimate the corresponding equation. Here, a 10-day period is considered, and four time intervals around the barriers are examined. To further investigate the hypotheses and the distribution of prices around random numbers, the Nikooyi fitting method is used. The research results confirm the existence of price clustering phenomenon for coins during the period of 1396-1400. The results indicate that the dispersion of numbers in prices is not uniform, and prices show reactions to random numbers. On the other hand, the existence of this psychological phenomenon leads to the creation of a coin bubble or the deviation of coin prices from the equivalent price of 10 grams of gold, which is considered as the real and intrinsic value of the coin. In bullish market conditions, the coin bubble is more significant, but in bearish and stable market conditions, this bubble decreases."

The COVID-19 pandemic presented an immense global challenge, necessitating a delicate balance between preserving public health and sustaining economic and social equilibrium. This study employs econometric methods to investigate the influence of income support measures on COVID-19 mortality rates across 186 countries, spanning from January 1, 2020, to the onset of widespread vaccination campaigns, December 14, 2020. Employing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) for variable selection and the Augmented Mean Group estimator (AMG) for data analysis, the study discovers a significant reduction in COVID-19 mortality linked to income support. This effect primarily stems from alleviating poverty-related vulnerabilities and enhancing adherence to public health guidelines. Emphasizing the pivotal role of unconditional cash transfers during crises, the research underscores the varying efficacy of income support over time, with the most pronounced impact observed shortly after implementation. Nonetheless, it issues a cautionary note, particularly for developing nations, urging against an exclusive reliance on financial aid without addressing other determinants influencing adherence to health protocols, which could potentially curtail policy effectiveness. Advocating for a comprehensive approach, the study stresses the integration of financial assistance with broader strategies aimed at mitigating mortality during natural disasters.

Internal erosion is a common reason for dam failure, which is caused by soil subsidence and the formation of sinkholes. This phenomenon typically occurs in internally unstable soils. The dam is located in Neyshabour City and is built on a deep alluvial foundation with gap-graded and concave gradation soils. This study aims to investigate the potential for soil suffusion and the impact of compaction and surcharge on internal erosion. Initially, Data was collected after the dam impounding, index tests were conducted on soil samples. Subsequently, three methods were used to assess the probability of suffusion based on the particle size distribution and experimental criteria. Two methods indicated soil was internally unstable, while one method indicated stability. To study the influence of compaction. Soil samples were tested at different densities under four water head conditions. The results indicated that the soil has the potential for suffusion and is internally unstable. Furthermore, the study found that compaction reduced soil erosion, with the amount of washed fine particles decreasing from 4.5% at 70% relative density to 0.37% at 85% density. Moreover, increasing compaction from 70% to 85% resulted in a deformation decrease from 13.3% to 3.33%.

Introduction: Given the importance of empathy in caring for patients, this study investigated the level of empathy and its associated factors among medical residents at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS). Electronic education is a type of educational program that stems from the impact of technology, utilized to facilitate the learning process. Its purpose is to use this educational technology and its effects on the learning process, and the present research seeks the main factors affecting electronic education. Method: The method of this research is qualitative and synthesis research, the statistical population, numerous types of research that have been conducted in domestic and foreign articles in the period(1389-1402 SH) and (2010-2023 AD), and analyzed the 6-step model of Roberts' research synthesis was used and in the data reliability check from the provided framework, four criteria; believability, transferability, reliability, and confirmability were used. Results: The findings in this research showed that the effective dimensions in electronic education include technology-oriented, need-oriented, learning-oriented, communication-oriented, program-oriented, obstacle-oriented, motivation-oriented, and development-oriented dimensions, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we found that given that e-education is used in all sciences, this research is a suitable model for learners.

The purpose of this study is evaluating the reduction of the government's financial burden through the typology of drivers affecting generational accounting in the capital market by action research. In terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. Therefore, based on this model, first, through interviews with experts and open coding, an effort was made to identify n Effective drivers on the implementation of generational accounting in capital market companies. Then, in order to validate the propositions, a critical evaluation was done to compare the propositions with similar researches, so that the propositions can enter the stage of forming a focus group to discuss and exchange opinions for the cognitive separation of each proposition in the form of a category. The results showed that a total of 22 propositions were identified from a total of 12 interviews and 217 open codes created. On the other hand, it was determined in the quantitative section, 22 criteria identified in 4 categories were the creators of the generational accounting typology framework of capital market companies. IntroductionOne of the most emerging concepts in the field of accounting knowledge, which in recent years has become a factor connecting the public sector to achieve sustainable development in the private sector, is generational accounting. Created to measure the relative financial burden on future generations, generational accounting is considered one of the financial tools of governments, both in the public and private sectors, that can help balance the circulation of cash in social contexts. Since industries operating in the capital market seek to provide financial resources to advance their business goals and facilitate economic growth and development, attention to the processes of allocating financial resources through the type of government support governance can reduce the financial burden on future generations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction of the government's financial burden through the typology of drivers affecting generational accounting in the capital market using action research. MethodologyIn terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. Therefore, based on this model, first, through interviews with experts and open coding, an effort was made to identify effective drivers influencing the implementation of generational accounting in capital market companies. Then, in order to validate the propositions, a critical evaluation was conducted to compare the propositions with similar research, so that the propositions could enter the stage of forming a focus group to discuss and exchange opinions for the cognitive separation of each proposition into a category. Then, through a Q evaluation checklist, each statement was scored between +4 and -4, and finally, a 4-level matrix was created to establish a foundation of effective drivers in the implementation of generational accounting, to reduce the government's financial burden on future generations. ResultAs it was determined during the research process, first through interviews and open coding, generational accounting propositions were identified. Then, to achieve validity, a matching between similar researches was performed to provide the possibility of entering the statements identified in the Q analysis model for the cognitive classification of this phenomenon in the context of capital market companies. Subsequently, by forming a focus group to determine the cognitive categories of the examined concept, during four sessions and by creating a Q evaluation checklist from +4 to -4 in 22 slots according to the identified propositions, the necessary actions were taken, and participants were asked to place each proposition in one of the 22 slots of the Q evaluation checklist. Then, through the Wiremax matrix, cognitive classes were determined regarding the separation of drivers affecting the implementation of generational accounting, and the results indicated the existence of four cognitive classes, which can be effective in reducing the financial burden of governments on future generations. The results showed that a total of 22 propositions were identified from a total of 12 interviews and 217 open codes were created. On the other hand, it was determined in the quantitative section that 22 criteria identified in four categories formed the creators of the generational accounting typology framework of capital market companies. ConclusionThe results showed that focusing on net transfer payments in the embargoed conditions of the country's industries can be considered a form of contingency governance that aims to balance the financial flow in the country's economic system. It reduces the high dependence of industries on developed economies in terms of providing resources or technological knowledge and helps balance the financial burden of the government in saving resources. Because the inefficiency of the economic infrastructure of the capital market system does not allow for the optimal allocation of resources to industries, the government sees no other way to prevent negative economic growth and the influence of other macro-economic factors, such as inflation, other than the allocation of resources through transfer payments. Although it is possible to infer the consequence of economic stickiness due to political maneuvers in the shadow of transfer payments, industries have no choice but to accept the role of the government in receiving transfer resources due to the lack of commercial exchange and the use of strategies with similar foreign companies. It is also important to mention that the lack of similar research with the analytical nature of this study makes it impossible to compare the results with other research.

Introduction: Feeling alone and enduring distress are risk factors for suicidal thoughts, while parental bonds are protective factors. However, the complex mechanisms behind these factors have not been identified among people with a history of suicide attempts. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict suicide attempts through distress tolerance, feeling alone, and parental bonds in people with a history of suicide attempts. Material & Methods: The current research is a descriptive-correlational study, and the statistical population included all people with a history of suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 120 people were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools included parental bond questionnaires by Parker et al. (1979), distress tolerance by Simmons and Gaher (2005), feelings of loneliness by Russell et al. (1980), and attempted suicide was made by the researcher. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive methods, including Mean and Standard deviation and inferential statistics (e.g., Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis) using the SPSS software (version 27) and PLS3 statistical software. Results: The results showed that among the predictor variables, feeling alone had the highest predictive power (64.7%), and in the second step, with the addition of parental bond with the mother, it increased to 0.701%, and in the third step, with the addition of Parenting bond with father reached 0.729%, and in fourth step with the addition of distress tolerance, it reached 0.743%, all of which are statistically significant. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, we can point out the influential role of feeling alone in predicting suicide attempts, and the need for families and policy-makers to pay attention to this prominent factor can play a major role in reducing suicide rate.

Introduction: Household heads females are of the most vulnerable in the society, especially in terms of health and mental health, due to their multiple roles, financial poverty, loneliness, and many limitations and this matter determines the importance of using appropriate and effective psychological treatments for them. Aim: This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rational emotive behavioral therapy on death anxiety, interpersonal dependency and mental well-being of household heads females. Method: The research design was semi-experimental with pre-test - post-test and follow-up with a control group. 30 female heads of households in Isfahan city in 2022 were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 10, 90-minute sessions of rational emotive behavioral therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Measurement tools included Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), Hirschfeld's Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (1997), as well as Keyes and Magyarmo's Mental Well-Being questionnaire (2003). The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS23. Results: The results showed that behavior therapy intervention had a significant effect on death anxiety, interpersonal dependency and mental well-being with effect sizes of 0.60, 0.196, and 0.424 (P=0.001), respectively, and the effects of the intervention remained in the follow-up(P

Background: Strengthening the functions of health research and taking a systematic approach to the development of science and technology are essential for overcoming current challenges in health sector. Therefore, the functional pathology of current research plays a crucial role in highlighting the gap between what is and what should be, thereby illuminating the path of scientific development in health sector with a focus on current challenges. Methods: In this study, interviews with experts, review of documents and conducting an expert panel were used. The method of data analysis is qualitative analysis with a framework analysis approach. A total of 32 experts were selected from heads of research centers, experts of the national innovation system, science and technology policy, health policy, graduate students and faculty members, senior researchers, NGOs and international experts. A review of relevant national and international documents has been done to strengthen and analyze the findings. The content analysis of the findings of two phases was carried out with a framework analysis approach and was presented in an expert panel consisting of representatives of the interviewees. The results of the panel were analyzed and to draw the future triangle consisting of the weight of the past, the push of the present and the pull of the future. Results: The findings of the study have been analyzed in the framework of the future triangle, including the weight of the history, the push of the present, and the pull of the future. The weight of the history and the push of the present were identified and analyzed in the form of past and present challenges of the health research system in seven main functions. Including stewardship and leadership, coordination of research and policymaking, translation of policies and upstream documents at the operational level of research, resource management, performance evaluation and monitoring, human resource empowerment, and evidence-informed policymaking. The pull of future includes the need to draw a coherent national macro image with a forward-looking, participatory and transparent approach, in which attention is paid to the management of conflict of interests, coherence in resource management and strengthening of intersectoral collaborations. Conclusion: The main solutions to address the current challenges in the country's health research system include agreement on concepts, a unified vision and stable procedures, strengthening the relationship between different levels of management (inter-ministerial, ministerial, and university), enhancing education and research at the level of medical ministry and universities, establishing appropriate structures for knowledge translation, strengthening national funds supporting the research, reforming the evaluation system, and undertaking a fundamental review of human resource empowerment model.

Materials and methods: At first, gallstones were collected and the stone compounds were identified by UV and DSC. Gallstones are divided into equal parts in terms of size and weight (200 mg). Three acidic, alkaline and distilled water media were prepared as a control group along with the experimental groups which contained Echium amoenum and viola odorata extracts with concentrations of 1 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml, respectively. A gallstone sample was placed in it and sampled after 24 and 48 hours and the dissolution rate of the stone compounds was measured by an auto-analyzer. Results: The UV spectrum showed the presence of bilirubin in the gallstones and the DSC thermogram showed the presence of cholesterol in the stones. Examination of isolated gallstone compounds showed Echium extract with a concentration of 500 mg was able to dissolve 70% of the calcium and the Viola extract with a concentration of 500 mg has been able to dissolve 50% of the cholesterol and 80% of the stone’s calcium. Conclusion: Echium amoenum and Viola odorata have a significant effect on the dissolution of gallstones (P

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by an elevated blood glucose level, resulting from impairments in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both; which causes abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids. Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. Adropin and irisin are newly described proteins that can be an essential component in the pathophysiological pathways of diabetes mellitus. The current study was designed to evaluate Irisin and Adropin biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their correlation with risk factors. Materials and Methods: A case control study, that included 90 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 90 healthy individuals, who matched for both age and sex with patients. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), irisin and adropin were measured at the chemistry laboratory of AL-Faihaa teaching Hospital by standard methods. Results: Serum irisin (8.154±1.642 vs. 14.06±3.916 ng/ml) and adropin (25.39±8.897 vs. 59.43±8.768 pg/ml) levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control cases, respectively (P.value

Abstract Introduction: Silver conductive lines are used extensively in electronics and optoelectronics. These lines are deposited by different methods. In this work, silver lines were deposited by spraying diluted silver ink. Silver ink was synthesized by Lewis-Walker method. Then, it was diluted by ethanol for spray deposition. Since substrate is at high temperature, both the deposition and annealing are performed at one step. Methods: For synthesis, silver acetate, ammonium hydroxide and formic acid were used as silver source, stabilizing agent and reducing agent, respectively. Finally, the obtained ink was diluted by ethanol. Spray deposition was done with nitrogen using air brush. Findings: Different parameters were investigated. First, ink to ethanol volume ratio of 1 to 10 was determined as optimized value. It was observed that 60 cycles of spraying gives layer thickness of 3 μm. Substrate temperature of 180˚C was determined as optimized value. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image showed that deposition at 40˚C led to discontinuous layer with island-like microstructure and deposition at 280˚C led to porous plate-like microstructure. But deposition at 180˚C led to continuous layer. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that silver layers deposited at 40˚C have a mixture of silver acetate and elemental silver phases, but layers deposited at 180 ˚C and 280 ˚C have pure elemental silver phase. Conclusion: It was observed that low resistance silver layer can be obtained by spray deposition of diluted silver ink. The silver layer deposited at optimized condition showed resistivity of 1.4 × 10-7 Ωm.

Introduction: job stress is defined as the accumulation of stressful factors in job-related situations, which most people agree is stressful, and it can be the direct factor in the intention to leave the job. The present study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and compares its effectiveness with mindfulness-based stress reduction based on mindfulness on the components of job stress employees with job stress. Materials and Methods: The research design was a semi-experimental pre and post-test with a control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population included all employees with job stress in a private company in Isfahan City in 2022, and the research sample included 45 employees who were randomly divided into three groups of 15: virtual reality therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, and Controls were replaced. The people of the two intervention groups participated in the intervention sessions; The first experimental group underwent eight 20-minute weekly sessions of virtual reality therapy, and the second experimental group underwent eight weekly 45-minute sessions based on the Kabat-Zin training package (1990 and 2013), but for the control group no interventions were performed. The participants responded to the occupational stress questionnaire of the Health and Safety Institute of England Steinmetz (HSE) (1990) in three stages. The research data were analyzed with analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test and using SPSS23 statistical software at two descriptive and inferential levels. Results: The results of covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated that both intervention methods equally and effectively reduced occupational stress in the fields of role, communication, support of colleagues, changes in employees, and the effect of both interventions remained stable over time (P0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that virtual reality courses and stress reduction based on mindfulness can reduce the tensions and job stress of personnel and employees of organizations.

The equality implications of tariff design for household gas and electricity, two essential substitutes, present a significant concern for policymakers. In this study, we examine this issue using a sample of household income quartiles across various social groups, exploring the diverse effects of changes in electricity and gas prices. The findings reveal that an increase in gas prices exerts a more pronounced impact on low-income groups compared to an equivalent increase in electricity prices. Our partial analysis indicates that gas exhibits less elasticity, likely attributed to the absence of a suitable substitute in the event of a price increase for this commodity. This observation underscores the lack of energy diversity that is rooted in the critical role of gas appliances in cooking and heating. This phenomenon poses a potential threat to the energy security of Iranian households.

For many years, human rights discourse did not pay attention to issues related to the environment. After the formation of the environmental crisis, the topic has been raised whether environmental issues can have human rights dimensions (first layer) or whether human rights issues can also take on environmental dimensions (second layer). The present study follows an analytical-descriptive approach to describe some aspects of human rights and environmental issues, as well as some environmental aspects of human rights issues, and investigate how they are formed. The process of the formation of environmental human rights, especially after the Stockholm and Rio Declarations, shows that human rights (despite older documents) and the environment have developed in parallel until today. The right to clean water, the right to clean air, the right to a peaceful environment, the right to access environmental information, the right to participate in environmental decision-making, and the right to access justice in environmental issues are among the most important and famous components of the development of human rights. The authors’ basic assumption in response to the main question (Do environmental issues have human rights dimensions and can it be said that human rights issues take on environmental dimensions?) is that today, people are faced with a special perception of human rights that should be called the greening of human rights or "environmental human rights". The need to pay attention to the close relationship between human rights and the environment, including the fact that the realization of many human rights depends on the realization of a healthy environment and also environmental rights also require human rights for better implementation, can be the most important finding of this research.

Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in both orthodontic movements and the development of periodontal diseases and taking into accountthe role of Interleukin 17 as an important inflammatory mediator in orthodontic treatments and the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a new and appropriate adjuvant therapy, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LLLT on IL-17 levels in gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment.Materials & Methods:In this clinical trial study, 12 patients in need of orthodontic treatment were selected. In these patients, one side of the mouth was randomly selected for laser irradiation and the other side as a control. Diode LLL irradiation with a wavelength of 810 nm was performed throughout the gingival Cervicular on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 after orthodontic treatment. Sampling was performed on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 by placing paper points in distal, mesial, palatal, and buccal sulcus of the maxillary fifth molar on the both sidesfor 30 seconds. All samples were then transferred to the laboratory and IL-17 level was determined by ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test and One-way ANOVA.Results:Mean IL-17 levels at day zero (p value = 0.62) and day 2 after orthodontic treatment (p value = 0.19) were not significantly different betweenthe control and laser treated sides, howeverthey were significantly lower in the laser-treated group than the control group on days 18 and 30 after orthodontic treatment (p value < 0.001). The mean IL-17 levels decreased in both groups during the treatment period, but this decreasewas significant on day 18.Conclusion:The results of the present study indicate thetherapeutic role of diode LLL in reducing inflammation, and Il-17 levels in both sides of the mouth gradually decreased over time, and thisdecrease was more pronounced in the laser-treated side than in the control side

Background and purpose: Gallstones are caused by the accumulation and high density of fat-soluble substances inside the gallbladder. Cichorium intybus and Artemisia absinthium have phenol and flavonoid compounds and are believed to have a potential effect on solubility of gallstones. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the extracts of Cichorium intybus root and Artemisia absinthium aerial part in solubility of gallstones. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, gallstones were collected from Sari Shafa Hospital and the stone compounds were identified by UV and DSC. The gallstones were then cut into equal size and weight (200 mg). Acidic, alkaline, and distilled water media were prepared as control groups along with the experimental groups which contained Cichorium and Artemisia extracts at 1 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, respectively. A gallstone sample was placed in each media and the dissolution rate of the stone compounds was measured by an auto-analyzer after 24 and 48 hours. Results: The UV spectrum showed the presence of bilirubin in the gallstones and the DSC thermogram showed the presence of cholesterol in the stones. Examination of isolated gallstone compounds showed that Cichorium extract at 500 mg could dissolve 75% of triglycerides (P

Introduction: In recent years, attention has been paid to the effects of global climate change on different species and ecosystems. Among these, three important issues of increasing air temperature, change in carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen deposition in relation to environmental changes and the response of plants to them, have been widely studied in many places around the world. and is often related to climate change. Climate change can cause an increase in the growing season or a change in rainfall. The greatest effect of climate on tree growth can be seen in the width of annual tree rings. The formation of annual rings of a tree is affected by many different environmental and physiological factors, among which climate changes play a special role. The change in the growth and development of trees is one of the first reactions of trees to climate change. This study was conducted with the aim of monitoring the effect of climatic variables on the growth and distribution range of Pistacia atlantica tree species in Zagros forests in Ilam province using tree chronology.Materials and methods: For this purpose, sampling was carried out using an upgraded annunciator drill from 23 trees according to the extent of each climatic class using the Demartin method in Ilam province. After preparing the samples, the width of the annual vegetation rings was measured using Motic image software with high accuracy for a period of 30 years (1991 to 2022).Results: Based on the results of the average growth of each station, it was determined that Haft Cheshme station located in the Mediterranean climate class of Dumarten with an average growth of 1.13 mm has the highest growth and Manshet station located in the semi-humid climate class of Dumarten with an average growth of 0.83 has the lowest growth. In general, regions with Mediterranean climate have higher growth rate and semi-humid and semi-arid climates are in the next ranks respectively. Meteorological data from WorldClim station were used to understand the relationship between growth and climate. The Pearson correlation results of climatic variables with the growth of Bene species in the sampled stations showed that in the semi-arid climate, with the decrease in altitude above sea level, diameter growth has the highest correlation with the average maximum temperature variable, and with the increase of altitude above sea level, it has the highest correlation with the variable Precipitation is dependent, and in the Mediterranean climate, growth in higher areas has the highest correlation with the variable of precipitation, and with the decrease in altitude, growth is dependent on the average maximum temperature variable. Also, in semi-humid climates, growth has the highest correlation with the average maximum temperature variable, and with the increase in altitude The degree of correlation decreases from sea level.Discussion: The results show that the growth of areas with an altitude higher than 1700 and an altitude lower than 1000 is more affected by the average maximum temperature, and the changes in the maximum temperature are the main factor limiting the distribution of Beneh species in Ilam province, so that with the increase in temperature, the species moves towards the heights. And the regions with Mediterranean climate will migrate to reduce the effects of the maximum temperature factor, and as a result, with the passage of time, the distribution range of Beneh species will also decrease in these borders.

Keyword extraction is one of the most important issues in text processing and analysis and provides a high-level and accurate summary of the text. Therefore, choosing the right method to extract keywords from the text is important. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of three approaches in discovering and extracting the subject keywords of e-books using text mining and machine learning techniques. In this regard, three experimental approaches have been introduced and compared including the successive implementation of the clustering process, improving the quality of clusters in terms of semantics and enriching the stop words of a specific field, use of specialized keyword template, finally, the use of important parts of the text in discovering and extracting key words and important topics of the text. The statistical population includes 1000 e-book titles from the subject fields of library and information science based on the congress classification system. Bibliographic information of e-books was obtained from the Congress Library database, then the original text was prepared. The extraction of topic keywords and clustering of training data was performed using the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm with three experimental approaches. The quality and performance of the subject clusters resulting from the implementation of three approaches in the automatic classification of experimental data were compared using a support vector machine. The findings showed that the Hamming loss (0.020) and in other words the error rate in the correct classification of experimental texts in the third approach is far less than the other two approaches. Also, the F1 score (0.82), which is the average of the two criteria of precision (0.87) and recall (0.78) and is a reflection of the correct performance of the classification process in topic labeling of texts, is better in the third approach than the other two approaches. The results showed that the quality and semantic coherence of the subject clusters obtained from the third approach, i.e. the use of important parts of the text in discovering and extracting the subject, was better compared to other two approaches. In this approach, by focusing on the main parts of the data, which represent the main content and theme of the text, more meaningful topic clusters were obtained. In addition, the keywords obtained from the topic cluster of the third approach can be used in unspecified and unknown collections in order to extract the unknown thematic content of the whole collection. The results of third approach also was better in terms of accuracy and readability (0.79) and the rate of classification error (0.020) of texts, in comparison of other two approaches.

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder is characterized by intense anxiety in social situations where the person is likely to be evaluated by others. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy on emotion regulation and painful physical symptoms in individuals with social anxiety disorder. Method: This study employed an A-B single-subject design. The statistical population included all the people with social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city, in 2021, and 12 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Then, the contextual schema therapy was conducted during 16 sessions of 1 hour once a week for 12 subjects. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) and the Visual Analog Scale (1921) were used in this study. The Subjects answered the questionnaires in the baseline phase, at sessions 4, 8, 12 and 16, and at 3-month follow-up. The data were analyzed using visual analysis, improvement percentage, reliable change index, and non-overlapping effect size. Results: The improvement percentage (25%

1. IntroductionHuman rights such as the right to life, the right to health, the right to work and social security, and the right to a healthy environment call for supporting workers of arduous or hazardous jobs in forms of their right to enjoy a proper, healthy and hygienic work environment and support during work and retirement. Clinical occupations have specifically been designated as arduous or hazardous occupations by the legislator's decree and its employees have been further supported. Unfortunately, because the mentioned employees work in different governmental and non-governmental sectors and that they are under different laws and regulations including different provisions depending on the relevant sector, different procedures have been adopted to support these employees which causes discrimination between people who have the same jobs with similar conditions and with the same duties. Those covered by the labor and social security law retire with at least 20 consecutive years or 25 alternating years of employment experience and without meeting the minimum age requirement, those subject to National Employment Laws and related regulations retire with at least 25 years of employment experience in non-specialized jobs and 30 years in specialized jobs, Azad University employees retire by having at least 20 years of employment experience, workers subjected to the Administrative Regulation for Employment and Organization of Non-faculty Employees of the University of Medical Sciences and Healthcare Services of the Country retire with 25 years of employment experience, and the employees of the armed forces retire with at least 20 years of employment experience. Therefore, extending the conditions of amendment 2 of Article 76 of the Social Security Law 1380 to all those working in arduous or hazardous clinical jobs can be considered a way forward. Literature ReviewSo far, no article has been written about supporting those working in arduous or hazardous clinical jobs. MethodologyDescriptive/analytical/exploratory research methods will be used in writing this research. Also, the method of collecting information in the upcoming research will be library research. Other methods of collecting information such as field research and questionnaires will not be used. ConclusionThe table below demonstrates the different approaches to supporting those working in arduous or hazardous clinical jobs based on the governmental and non-governmental sectors and the different applicable rules to the mentioned sectors: Therefore, this system has caused discrimination between people who are employed in the same jobs with the same conditions and with the same description of duties which necessitates the initiative of the legislator to solve it.

Background: Today, the health of mothers and babies is of particular importance in health systems. So far, various interventions have been implemented to improve the health of pregnant mothers. The present study aimed to compare the effect of Entonox gas and Sufentanil epidural anesthesia in labor pain on the umbilical cord blood gas analysis and neonatal Apgar score. Methods: The present study is a clinical trial on 800 pregnant women It was done in April 2020 to January 2022 at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital. Mothers were divided into two groups: spinal anesthesia and the group receiving Entonox gas. To measure the effectiveness, Apgar scores were measured at 1 and 5 minutes along with BE, HCO3, and PCO2 parameters. Two independent sample t-tests and ANOVA were used in SPSS version 22 software to analyze the data. Results: The results of the study showed that the average age of mothers participating in the study was 27 years, and the average Apgar score of 1 and 5 minutes in the group of mothers receiving Entonox gas and spinal anesthesia was 9.9 and 8.6, respectively. Also, the average Apgar score at minutes 1 and 5 in the group of mothers with spinal anesthesia was 9.8 and 8.2, respectively. The results of the analysis and comparison of the parameters obtained from the arterial gases of the umbilical cord of newborns were not significantly different between both groups of mothers. Also, no significant difference was found in Apgar scores between both groups of mothers. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of using Entonox gas with spinal analgesia in the painless delivery of mothers; Therefore, considering the cost of each intervention along with their effect may cause a difference in the two interventions. This means that although both of the interventions have the same clinical and diagnostic effects, the one which costs less, will be more preferable from the point of view of the health system.

Background and purpose: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) occurs after having COVID-19. The severity and outcomes of COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms are higher. The aim of this study was to investigate gastrointestinal manifestations in MIS-C patients in selected referral hospitals in Iran to obtain comprehensive information about the treatment and prevention of MIS-C. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all MIS-C patients

Introduction: The evolution of the international retail industry is to move from individual stand-alone stores that sell limited products to chain stores that offer more diverse product categories on a more economical scale. Thus, the chain store industry is one of the newer forms of offering fast-moving products to consumers. In this area, the most important decisions related to marketing and sales policies that directly affect the company's performance and the quality of service to end-users, and ultimately profitability. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for marketing and sales strategy for companies operating in the chain stores industry, and by adopting a comprehensive approach, an attempt made to remove some of the existing limitations in the field of research and implementation. Therefore, in this research and a forward-looking and innovative perspective, this question answered: what is the model of marketing and sales strategies in the chain store industry? Methodology: This research-based on the purpose is of developmental type, based on the nature is of exploratory and descriptive type and based on the type is of data of the qualitative and quantitative type and has an integrated strategy, that is, to achieve the objectives of the research, two qualitative and quantitative methods have been used together. The statistical population of this research is the marketing and sales managers of three companies, Hyperstar, Canbo, and Ofoq Kourosh. Thus, after an in-depth study and review of books and articles related to marketing and sales concepts, an attempt made to identify a significant part of the important factors in developing marketing and sales strategies for companies active in the chain stores industry. After that, in the qualitative part, by content analysis method, a semi-structured interview conducted with 10 industry experts of chain stores from the three mentioned companies based on judgmental sampling. Qualitative sampling continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part by survey method, 116 questionnaires distributed among the marketing and sales managers of these three companies. Analyzing the qualitative data obtained from the interviews based on the analysis of words, sentences, themes, and idioms of experts in the field of marketing and sales of the chain stores industry, led to the extraction of 391 primary codes. After several reviews and integration of codes based on similarity in several stages, 73 codes were finally extracted, which became the basis for the quantitative questionnaire design. Following a review of content analysis in the qualitative section, the competitive environment of the chain stores industry, online promotions, and online service features added as new variables to the original research model. In the quantitative part, the data analyzed by structural equation method using Smart PLS software. Results and Discussion: In response to the main research question, which is also the ultimate goal of the research, we found that developing a sales strategy in companies operating in the chain stores industry without considering the marketing strategy and its components is irrational. In addition, the effect of the moderating variable of the competitive environment of the chain stores industry didnot ignored because not paying attention to this factor can fail the strongest marketing and sales strategy of chain stores companies. Findings showed that marketing mix is ​​the most important factor in marketing strategy and the use of sales technologies is the most important factor in sales strategy in the chain store industry. Evidence suggests that the presence of a moderating variable of the competitive environment of the chain stores industry affects the relationship between marketing and sales strategies. Conclusion: Adopting a comprehensive approach to the elements of marketing and sales strategies, taking into account the competitive environment prevailing in the industry, and using online environment-based methods are important issues in developing marketing and sales strategies of companies operating in the chain stores industry, which have not been considered in Iran. It is necessary to plan for reach a successful chain stores industry for leading consumer satisfaction and achieving financial goals for companies. Companies operating is better to pay attention to the competitive environment of the chain store industry and then taking a broad view of having a marketing strategy that takes into account issues related to marketing objectives, pricing, branch location, competitive advantage, resource allocation, consumer behavior analysis, consumer segmentation, online and traditional promotions, product, online service features, as well as sales strategy that is formed by considering the issues related to the use of sales technologies, sales team training and the use of multiple sales channels.

Purpose: Authors intended to identify the main bases of local development and present a framework for better understanding of its theoretical process from the perspective of the activists in the community-based development process in Iran. Methodology: This qualitative research used the Grounded Theory method. Data were collected from deep interviews with community-based development activists in five successful case studies in Iran and then were analyzed. Findings: The results, validated by respondent validation and triangulation methods, demonstrate that local development with a community-based approach is appreciated by Iranian activists more of a human and social phenomenon than an economic, political, and environmental issue. Results also show that human capital is identified by concepts like accountability, proactiveness, and psychological empowerment rather than the common indicators emphasized by international organizations. Moreover, social capital and participation are evaluated by such concepts as positive relations, collective actions, positive norms, bridging social capital, and by institutionalization and mobilization of national resources. The final theoretical framework of the article shows that both human capital and social capital not only enhance local participation which can improve economic, political, and environmental indicators, but also are themselves promoted through the reinforcing loops and consequently can enable the ongoing running of the development engine. Originality: Despite the considerable literature existing on community-based development, the authors could not reach any published article involving relations among fundamental concepts of community-based development in Iran, nor did they come across a general understanding of its process by the relevant activists. The suggested framework in this paper well supports the understanding of the process.

The closed-loop supply chain is used in practice for several reasons. Firstly, returning products to the production cycle is important for its operation. Secondly, sustainability in the supply chain is a topic of interest for researchers, as the environmental impacts of industries are significant. In this paper, a multi-objective integer fuzzy mathematical programming model is presented to design a sustainable closed-loop supply chain under uncertain conditions. The proposed model aims to maximize profit and social impacts, while minimizing gas emissions into the environment. Since decision makers face uncertainty and doubt, trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are employed to determine the parameter values in the model. To convert the objective functions and model constraints into crisp forms, the expected value and the intuitionistic credibility measure are developed for the objectives and constraints, respectively. Finally, an interactive fuzzy programming approach is utilized to solve the crisp multi-objective problem. Three numerical examples are designed and solved to validate the model and assess the efficiency of the proposed solution method.IntroductionSupply chain management encompasses techniques aimed at coordinating all aspects of the supply chain, from raw material procurement to product delivery or recovery, with the objective of minimizing total costs while addressing conflicts among chain partners. Once raw materials have traversed the forward chain and been transformed into products or services, they may require repair, transformation, or proper disposal, which occurs within the reverse chain. The integration of forward and reverse supply chain methods gives rise to a closed-loop supply chain.Today, one of the primary concerns for organizational managers in supply chain network design is the presence of uncertainties, such as disruptions and uncertain input parameters. Uncertainties can have adverse effects on supply chain performance and decision-making at various network levels, including tactical, strategic, and operational decisions. As probabilistic planning necessitates historical data, which may not always be available or accurate, the theory of fuzzy sets can serve as a suitable option for expressing ambiguity and lack of certainty in parameters. In recent years, environmental factors have received increasing attention. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of environmental effects and the need to incorporate these effects alongside traditional indicators in supply chain design. Environmental considerations are crucial not only for compliance with government regulations but also for improving the organization's social standing from the customers' perspective. Moreover, with the rise of global warming and the accumulation of waste (both renewable and non-renewable, as well as electronic waste and ozone-depleting gases), the importance of managing and controlling these factors has become even more prominent. Despite the significance of environmental issues, there remains a noticeable gap in the supply chain literature concerning the provision of mathematical models based on real-world conditions and efficient solution methods for this problem. This paper focuses on the design of a sustainable closed-loop logistics network that aims to maximize profitability and social factors while minimizing environmental factors. The proposed integrated network considers multi-product and multi-state customer demand under conditions of uncertainty. The significance of this research lies in simultaneously addressing economic, environmental, and social considerations in the modeling process, as previous studies have mostly focused on single or dual objectives. Another innovative aspect of this article is the consideration of parameters in the form of intuitive fuzzy numbers for the design of a sustainable supply chain network.Materials and MethodsIn this research, a comprehensive model addressing the problem of sustainable closed-loop supply chain under intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty is selected through library studies and internet research. Subsequently, the model is transformed into a deterministic multi-objective model utilizing the intuitionistic credibility measure. Recognizing that decision makers face not only uncertainty but also doubts, trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are employed to determine parameter values within the proposed model. To convert the objective functions and model constraints into their crisp equivalents, the expected value and intuitionistic credibility measure are respectively developed for the objective functions and constraints.FindingsBased on the selected confidence levels and numerical examples, the following observations can be made: In numerical example 1, the first objective function demonstrated that the ABS, SO, and TH methods performed best, respectively. However, in the second objective function, the order shifted to SO, ABS, and TH. Interestingly, all three methods performed equally in the third objective function. The performance of the solution methods in numerical example 2 mirrored that of numerical example 1. Moving on to numerical example 3, the first objective function indicated that the SO, TH, and ABS methods were the most effective, respectively. The order remained similar in the second objective function, and once again, all three methods performed equally in the third objective function. These results indicate the relative superiority of the SO solution method compared to the other methods employed. Additionally, concerning the execution time of the solution methods, numerical examples 1 and 2 exhibited nearly equal execution times for the methods. However, in numerical example 3, the SO, TH, and ABS methods displayed the best performance in terms of execution time, respectively. These findings further emphasize the relative superiority of the SO solution method compared to the others in terms of execution time. It is worth noting that the execution time of each method alone increases significantly with the problem's dimensions across all numerical examples.ConclusionsThis paper presents a multi-objective fuzzy optimization model for the design problem of a sustainable closed-loop supply chain. The model takes into account the concept of sustainability and aims to maximize the income and minimize the costs of the entire supply chain, while also minimizing environmental effects and maximizing social effects. The parameters are considered uncertain and are represented by intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. To handle this uncertainty, the model is transformed into a deterministic multi-objective optimization model using the expected value definition and a chance constraint based on the size of intuitionistic. The obtained deterministic multi-objective model is then solved using the interactive fuzzy mathematical programming method.

Background and Aims Since gait disorder is the most common complication among patients with multiple sclerosis. This study aims to examine the effect of hippotherapy on the onset activity of selected lower limb muscles in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during the gait initiation protocol with a perturbation response approach.Methods A total of 20 MS patients with EDSS score

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a significant environmental problem worldwide. Human activities, including mining, are a source of pollution to natural resources. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of rangeland species including, Artemisia sieberi Besser, Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. and C.A. Mey for the absorption of heavy metals of Ni, Co, As, Cr and V was investigated around the bauxite crusher of the Jajarm alumina mine in the direction of the prevailing wind. Soil sampling was performed at the distances of 450-700, 800-1200, 1400-2000 and 2500-5000 meters from the center of the bauxite crusher, and the control site. For this purpose, the seeds were planted in pots with a 3:1:1 ratio of sand, fertilizer and soil. Two-months later, they were transferred to pots with soils sampled from target distances. After completing of a vegetative period, the phytoremediation potential of the species was performed a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that As, Ni, Cr, and Co absorption in above/underground of A. sieberi tissues were higher than Z. atriplicoides. But V absorption in above/underground of Z. atriplicoides tissues were higher than that for A. sieberi and between the vanadium accumulation in the aerial and underground organs of the target species and distances a significant difference was observed at the level of 1%. The amount of heavy metals transfer factor for A. sieberi and Z. atriplicoides was more and less than one in turn. Therefore, in terms of the transfer factor, A. sieberi has a potential for phyto-extraction and Z. atriplicoides has a potential for phyto-stabilization. The results also showed that A. sieberi and Z. atriplicoides were recognized as hyper-accumulating of nickel and cobalt metals. These species can therefore be recommended for the ecological restoration of soils polluted by heavy metals, especially nickel and cobalt in similar regions.

Aim and Background: The present study was aimed to investigating the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between attachment style and psychological distress during the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus. Methods and Materials: The design of the current study was descriptive-correlational with path analysis. The statistical population of the study was all students of public universities in Tehran, who themselves or their first-degree family members had at least one history of contracting the Covid-19 virus between the months of March to November 2021, from which 384 persons were selected by available sampling and asked to fill the Lang and Goulet Hardiness Scale (LGHS), Collins and Read Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-42) questionnaires online. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and path analysis and SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results showed that in this model, attachment style has a direct and significant effect on psychological hardiness, attachment style and psychological hardiness have a direct and significant effect on psychological distress, and also the mediating role of psychological hardiness between attachment style and psychological distress was significant. Conclusions: During the Covid-19s outbreak, attachment style and psychological hardiness have a direct effect on psychological distress, and psychological hardiness has the mediator role in the relationship between attachment style and psychological distress.

Identification of hot topics in research areas has always been of interest. Making smart decisions about what is needed to be studied is always a fundamental factor for researchers and can be challenging for them. The goal of this study is to identify hot topics and thematic trend analysis of articles indexed in Scopus database in the field of Knowledge and Information Science (KIS), between 2010 and 2019, by Text Mining techniques. The population consists of 50995 articles published in 249 journals indexed in Scopus database in the field of KIS from 2010 to 2019. To identify thematic clusters, algorithms of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique were used and the data were analyzed using libraries in Python software. To do this, by implementing the word weighting algorithm, using the TF-IDF method, and weighting all of the words and forming a text matrix, the topics in the documents and the coefficients for assigning each document to each topic (Theta) were determined. The output of the LDA algorithm led to the identification of the optimal number of 260 topics. Each topic was labeled based on the words with the highest weight assigned to each topic and with considering of experts’ opinions. Then, Topic clustering, keywords and topics identification were done. By performing calculations with 95% confidence, 63 topics were selected from 260 main topics. By calculating the average theta in years, 24 topics with a positive trend or slope (hot topic) and 39 topics with a negative trend or negative slope (cold topic) were determined. According to the results, measurement studies, e-management/ e-marketing, content retrieval, data analysis and e-skills, are considered as hot topics and training, archive, knowledge management, organization and librarians' health, were identified as cold topics in the field of KIS, in the period 2010 to 2019. The analysis of the findings shows that due to the interest of the most researchers in the last 10 years in using of emerging technologies, technology-based topics have attracted them more. In contrast, basic issues are less considered to be developed.

The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality, bandwidth/resolution, size, mass, complexity, and cost when compared with traditional implementations. This paper describes the techniques developed in the last few years in microwave photonics that might revolutionize the way to design multifunction radar systems. Here, the emphasis is on the recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators, arbitrary waveform generation, photonic mixing, phase coding, filtering, beamforming, analog-to-digital conversion, and stable radio-frequency signal transfer. Challenges in the implementation of these components and subsystems for meeting the technical requirements of the multifunction radar applications are discussed.

Introduction: Clerkship in field is one of the important educational programs in the field of laboratory sciences and providing opportunities for students to learn in clerkship, improved the quality of health services. The aim of this study was to design a structured microbiology clerkship program from the perspective of case based discussion method among laboratory science students. Methods: This was a single-group intervention study. The participants were from the field of laboratory sciences who participated in clerkship courses (99 participats). Educational intervention based on case-based discussion was designed as a formative evaluation method. Learners' performance was evaluated using a checklist in the stationary test and the students’ satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests. Results: The students' learning scores after the intervention were in desirable level. The highest learning score related to blood culture evaluation was 8.04±1.54 and the lowest score related to wound culture evaluation was 6.26±1.78. There was no significant difference between the satisfaction scores of the course and the performance evaluation scores of students according to academic year. But the performance of senior year students was significantly better and the students’ satisfaction scores were significantly high and at a good level. Conclusion: Using the discussion-based teaching method in the clerkship course increased the students' learning and this method can be effective in increasing the skills and learning of the trainees in the field. It is suggested the case based discussion was used in the instructional design of clerkship courses.

Introduction: Proper knowledge of prescribing correct radiography techniques, especially among general dentists, is important for the accurate diagnosis of dental problems and not receiving additional doses of radiation in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists about the accurate prescription of radiography in Rafsanjan City 2021. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 questionnaires were completed by general dentists in Rafsanjan City to measure the awareness of radiographic methods in 9 different areas of dentistry, and then the knowledge of dentists in these 9 different areas based on age, gender and work experience was compared using independent sample t-test and ANOVA statistical tests (α=0/05). Results: In this study 53 (53%) of the dentists were male and 47 (47%) were female. The highest rate of correct answer and score was related to knowledge about radiography in children (90%), panoramic (83%) and bite wing (75%) and the lowest rate was related to periodontal questions (40%). Overall, 12% had poor knowledge, 42% had moderate knowledge and 46% had good knowledge. The overall score of knowledge in male dentists (67%) was significantly higher than in female dentists (60%). With increasing work experience, the level of knowledge about the correct prescription of radiographic techniques decreased significantly (p=0.039). Conclusion: Although the knowledge of dentists in Rafsanjan City was evaluated well in the case of the correct prescription of radiography in most areas, it is still necessary to train in some areas in retraining courses to improve the knowledge of dentists.

This paper presents the fabrication process and operation of a bio-sensor based on tapered optical fiber by using optical spectrum shift in the presence of PBS buffer and dissolved streptavidin. The taper-fiber sensors are 18 and 24 μm in diameter and are fabricated by use of an oxy-butane torch. The optical spectrum is obtained using a broadband light source and an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) in a 40 nm wavelength range. The existence of streptavidin on the tapered fiber surface is confirmed. The experiments on PBS buffer have shown that, the output spectrum demonstrates a red-shift by adding the streptavidin. The maximum sensitivity obtained is 29000 nm/RIU.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between past behaviors and financial literacy with the intention to invest in the stock market with the mediating role of individual variables. The main question in this research is: What is the relationship between past behaviors and financial literacy with the intention to invest in the stock market with the mediating role of individual variables of stock exchange investors in Isfahan? Methods: The present study is an applied research. This research is descriptive-causal and because the data is done through sampling of the population to investigate the distribution of characteristics of the statistical population, this research is from the field of survey (field finding). The statistical population in this study included investors of the stock exchange in the city of Isfahan. The statistical sample obtained by Cochran's formula is equal to 384 people. To ensure 450 randomly available questionnaires, 392 questionnaires were completed and analyzes were performed based on the same number of samples. In this study, data were collected by field method using a questionnaire. Also, to ensure the validity, the questionnaire was provided to experts such as professors and academic researchers, as well as managers and senior experts, whose opinions also confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. With the initial distribution of 30 questionnaires, the reliability coefficient for the questionnaire, which contains 26 questions. Results: According to the data analysis, the results showed that attitudes, mental norms, perceived behavioral control and past behavior have a positive and significant effect on the intention to invest in the stock market. Also, past behavior, financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on attitude and also financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on perceived behavioral control. Past behavior and financial literacy have a positive and significant effect on the intention to invest in the stock market through attitude and also financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the intention to invest in the stock market through perceived behavioral control. Conclusion: The research results confirm all hypotheses except the fourth hypothesis. Suggestions based on the results of the research are presented as follows: Regarding the first hypothesis, it is suggested to change the attitude of investors to a positive attitude by holding workshops on stock exchange, because it is necessary to have a positive attitude and sufficient motivation to work in the stock market. To welcome stock market investment ideas; Regarding the second hypothesis, it is suggested that if customers have sufficient knowledge about the stock market, my colleagues and friends should inform and train them to invest in the stock market, because those who are successful in the stock market have an incentive to Who are important in their lives to advise to invest in the stock market and to engage in activities and investments; Regarding the third hypothesis, it is suggested that we provide sufficient training to investors to be able to operate in the market in a timely manner to buy any stock at the appropriate time; And easily recognize profitable stocks and buy good stocks; Regarding the fourth and fifth hypotheses, it is suggested that brokers hold financial literacy classes during times of market downturn during times of market downturn so that investors do not make an emotional and hasty decision to sell their shares. On the other hand, investors gain experience from market performance, and this experience can influence their future investment decisions. Also, stocks whose past performance has always been extraordinary are considered important in the investor's investment decision; Regarding the sixth and seventh hypotheses, it is suggested that investors do not invest and make decisions with predictions, speculations and sometimes past market behavior, because the right decision in the market requires the analysis of the stock market and the correct forecast of prices and dividends. Is. And if they invest in stocks, they should invest in the long run because it will grow naturally. And stocks fluctuate over time; In the case of the eighth hypothesis, it is recommended that investors do not use past information to make investment decisions; Because the market is constantly moving according to the political and economic conditions of society and it cannot be correctly predicted that it will act as in the past and the market that lost in the past may be profitable in the current market; Regarding the ninth and tenth hypotheses, it is suggested that with the financial literacy that brokers create for investors, they should encourage investors to invest in the stock market; Because if the investment has a positive performance in the stock market; It will encourage your friends and relatives to invest.

Introduction: Due to the increasing rate of COVID-19 disease, experiencing high levels of death anxiety is predictable all over the world. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction path of death anxiety through fear of COVID-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system, and uncertainty intolerance. Materials and Methods: The research design of this study was descriptive-correlation and of structural equations type. The statistical population of this study included Iranian adults from whom, 400 were selected by the convenient sampling method. Data were collected in July and August 2020 using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Neo Five-Factor Inventory short form questionnaire (NEO-FFI), the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BAS Scale), and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, in Mashhad- Iran. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation method, path analysis, SPSS version 26, and AMOS version 24. Results: The results showed that there are significant relationships between death anxiety with fear of COVID-19 (P< 0.01), and neuroticism (P< 0.01); between behavioral inhibition system with intolerance of uncertainty (P< 0.01); and between Intolerance of uncertainty with death anxiety (P< 0.01). Also, the path of predicting death anxiety through neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system and intolerance of uncertainty was confirmed at the level of 0.001 and the path was significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings, death anxiety is predicted by the path of fear of COVID-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system, and uncertainty intolerance.

Abstract Introduction: Conductive gridline is essential part of electronic devices. Direct ink writing is fast and simple method for gridline deposition. In this work, silver ink suitable for direct ink writing was synthesized. Thereafter, the effect of writing process parameters was investigated. Then, silver conductive lines were deposited on electrodes of the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by direct ink writing and its role in increasing the efficiency of DSSC was investigated. Methods: Silver ink was synthesized according to Lewis-Walker method. Silver acetate was dissolved in ammonium hydroxide and formic acid was added as reducing agent. The viscosity of ink was tuned by adding hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Direct ink writing apparatus was built in our lab. Different ink writing process parameters were investigated. Photoanode and counter electrode of DSSC were fabricated on FTO substrates. Photoanode composed of N719 dye sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and counter electrode consisted of platinum thin film. The distance between electrodes was filled by electrolyte. Finally, silver lines were written on electrodes of DSSC to obtain conductive gridlines. Findings: 2.3 wt% HEC gave the best result. It was found that nozzle-substrate distance has no influence on shape and electrical resistance. However, at higher distances printed lines became disconnected. Width and thickness of silver gridline increased with injection rate and value of 0.48 ml/min was optimum value. Sintering at 360 ˚C was proposed for following steps. By applying silver gridlines on DSSC, fill factor and power conversion efficiency (η) increased significantly. η increased from 1.5% to 2.8%.

Due to strong oxidizing properties, titanium dioxide or titania nanoparticles are widely used in the water and wastewater treatment industry to remove or reduce various contaminants. The extraordinary properties of titania have led to the neglect of its side effects on the environment, especially on the aquatic ecosystems. In this study, different concentrations of titania nanoparticles were used over a period of 96 hours in lab scale to evaluate their impact on the heavy metals distribution in an aqueous media. The sediment samples of Anzali wetland contaminated with heavy metals were applied in all experiments. The results revealed that arsenic (As) was strongly affected by titania nanoparticles and its exchangeable bonds were desorbed from the sediment. Subsequently, 50 ppb titania led to concentration of As in the water column, which increased from 0 to 9 ppb. In addition to As, nickel (Ni) was desorbed from sediment through the separation of its organic bonds. On the other hand, 50 ppb titania reduced the concentrations of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the water column from 42, 32 and 29 ppb to 17.7, 2.87 and 20.9 ppb, respectively. According to the chemical extraction analysis, heavy metals adsorption in the sediment was mainly in the form of exchangeable and sulfide bonds. However, lead (Pb) and cobalt (Co) were not affected by titania and exhibited a conservative behavior.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of trade by export and import of intermediate and final goods on environmental degradation, and carbon dioxide emission, in the form of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). For this purpose, a panel data set of OECD, and non-OECD countries from 1998 to 2018 was used. According to the results, the EKC was established in all samples. In addition, while with a sample of OECD countries, trade has a beneficial or inverse effect on carbon dioxide emissions; with a sample of non-OECD countries, and that of all countries, a non-beneficial or direct effect from trade on carbon dioxide emissions prevails. Also, an important conclusion is that imports, regardless of the type of goods, had a more destructive effect on the environment than exports in all samples. Therefore, theories supporting beneficial effects of exports, e.g. improving technology, or destructive effects of imports through energy-intensive products, are better explanations of the issue than theories of destructive consumption of energy resulting from exports, or beneficial effects of imports for the environment

The Booz Daghi region with an area of 62,000 hectares is located 47 kilometers from Maneh and Semelghan city. The floristic composition, biological, and chorological spectra of this area were investigated through several random collections in different habitats and vegetation types, as well as from 220 plots established in selected plant communities during the growing season of 2021. In this regard, 252 vascular plant species belonging to 173 genera and 53 families were recorded as native plants in the Booz Daghi region. The richest families were Asteraceae (31), Poaceae (25), Lamiaceae (22), and Fabaceae (21). The genera Astragalus L. (10), Allium L., Convolvulus L., and Stachys L. (each with 5 species) were the richest ones. Hemicryptophytes (31.3%) and therophytes (29.8%) were the dominant life forms of the region. A considerable number of species (63.5%) belonged to the Irano-Turanian region. The results of this study showed that the Booz Daghi region had a relatively rich flora that requires special attention and proper planning to protect its biodiversity.Key words: Biodiversity, Endemic Species, the Irano-Turanian Region, Vegetation. IntroductionBecause of the accelerated process of destruction in different ecosystems and its negative effects on reducing biodiversity in recent decades, researchers are more interested in conservation issues. Considering that the first step in the effective and efficient protection of any resource is to have correct and comprehensive information about it, floristic studies provide valuable information about the types of plants and their general biological and vegetative characteristics in different regions.The climatic and environmental diversity of Iran created a rich flora and variety of vegetation in its different regions. The Booz Daghi region in North Khorassan province is one of the regions that has not been studied in terms of floristic aspects. The current research was conducted to investigate the flora and geographical distribution of plants in this region. The findings of this research can provide valuable information for managers and decision-makers in the field of existing plant reserves and planning for the protection of these resources. Materials and MethodsAbout 500 plant samples were collected from different habitats and vegetation types randomly. Some of them were collected from 220 plots of 100 m2 located in selected plant communities during the growing season of 2021. Plant samples were identified by using Flora of Iran, Flora Iranica, and a number of revision papers. Nomenclature conforms to Flora Iranica and is updated according to databases such as IPNI and POWO. The life form of plants was determined based on the Raunkiaer's classification system, distribution areas of plant species by suitable flora, and the chorotype of the species with their distribution areas in Iran and other countries. Findings (Results)In the preliminary survey of the Booz Daghi region, 252 plant species belonging to 173 genera and 53 families were found. In terms of the number of species, Asteraceae with 22 genera and 31 species, Poaceae with 19 genera and 25 species, Lamiaceae with 10 genera and 22 species, and Fabaceae with 10 genera and 21 species had the largest contribution among the identified families. Astragalus with 10 species, Allium, Convolvulus, and Stachys (with 5 species), Centaurea, Cousinia and Ziziphora (with 4 species) and Acanthophyllum, Salvia and Tulipa (with 3 species) had the maximum number of species among the plant genera of the region.The investigation of the biological spectrum of the region showed that hemicryptophytes, therophytes, geophytes, chamaephytes, and phanerophytes had 31.3, 29.8, 14.7, 12.7 and 11.5% of life forms, respectively. The results of plants’ geographical distribution studies showed that Irano-Turanian elements formed 63.5% of the species. After that, there were Irano-Turanian/Mediterranean elements with 13.9% and Euro-Siberian/Mediterranean/Irano-Turanian elements with 11.9%. The other species found in the Irano-Turanian region were in other floristic regions. ConclusionIn the present research, the flora of the Booz Daghi region was investigated. The results of the research showed that there were 252 plant species from 173 genera and 53 families in this area. More than 63.5% of them belonged to the Irano-Turanian region. The Booz Daghi region belonged to this floristic region. Due to the hard environmental conditions, the Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae families, and among the life forms, hemicryptophytes and therophytes were the most abundant. Based on the results, the Booz Daghi region had relatively good species richness. For this reason, it can be considered an important region in studies. Comprehensive planning and supplementary studies for biodiversity protection should be conducted in this region.

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction, as a basic human need, has a determining effect on human health, and its absence can cause physical and mental pressures that will threaten individuals' health. Low sexual desire is a common disorder affecting married women and can greatly influence their well-being and disrupt their everyday life. This study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of married women suffering from hypoactive sexual desire disorder in long-term relationships considering cultural drivers. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study (2019-2020) in Mashhad-Iran, was conducted based on the descriptive phenomenology approach. The research data were collected through 20 in-depth and semi-structured interviews and then they were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis. The participants were also selected through purposive sampling. A mean score of 22.6±2.9 was obtained for full-scale score of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and 107.11±3.2 for Marital Conflict Questionnaire-Revised (MCQ-R). Results: The four core themes extracted from the data were (1) incessant everyday life in long-term relationships, (2) de-sexualized roles, (3) traces of old wounds, and (4) misinterpretation of religious teachings. Conclusion: Personal conflicts and neglected foreplay priorities were the primary causes of married women's low sexual desire in long-term relationships. Couples workshops aimed at preserving and revitalizing relationships and individual treatment of affected women are some potential solutions for alleviating the suffering of this group of women.

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the structural equation model of factors influencing marital intimacy in newlywed couples. The present study used a quantitative approach. The study employed a developmental research design using descriptive correlational method and path analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all the couples who participated in the marriage workshops of the Ministry of Social Justice and the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Shahrekord in the summer of 2019. The research sample included 200 couples (M=200 & F=200) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The couples completed the Couples Intimacy, Marital Empathy, Self-Disclosure, and Marital Trust Questionnaires. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between empathy and its components, self-disclosure and its components, and trust in marital intimacy (p

The development of analytical techniques in the investment portfolio in accordance with market conditions and economic climate can increase the dynamism of investment development and achieve greater returns against risk control. Forecasting and optimization techniques help financial decision makers to place the best stocks in their portfolio based on market information and achieve greater returns by optimizing it. The purpose of this research is predicting the effectiveness of the difference between Sortino and Markowitz portfolios is based on the hybrid analysis systems algorithm. Accordingly, 102 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange were examined in the 2014-2018 period. In this study, by separating value stocks and growth stocks, random portfolios were selected to test the research hypotheses and for analysis, two algorithms Support Vector Machines (SVM) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used to select the most desirable portfolio. The results showed that Sotino (X) portfolio based on meta-heuristic algorithm (support vector machine algorithm) is significantly different from Markowitz (Y) portfolio, so that decision makers in Sortino portfolio seek to optimize their stock portfolio through long-term growth stocks. It was also found that the accuracy of the adaptive neural fuzzy inference analysis (ANFIS) system is higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine analysis (SVM) system to select the most effective portfolio from Sotino and Markowitz portfolio, because it has two learning mechanisms and Neural network optimization and linguistic expression of fuzzy inference help managers to make better estimates of uncertainty and uncertainty.

The main purpose of this study is to identify traditional, green and resilience evaluation criteria in the performance of green and resilient suppliers and rank them with the path analysis approach, SWARA and TOPSIS in Fanavaran Petrochemical Company. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population is 55 experts that due to their limitations, the opinions of all members of the society were studied in the first stage with path analysis. In the second stage, 30 experts were selected as a statistical sample for ranking criteria and in the third stage, 10 supply managers were selected to supplier ratings. Among the traditional criteria, the sub-criterion "quality" in the first rank and the sub-criterion "trading volume" in the last rank; Among the green criteria, "observance of necessary standards" as the most important sub-criterion and "observance of environmental issues" in the last rank; Among the resilience criteria, "agility" was in the first place and "complexity" in the last place. In the final evaluation of the main criteria, the criterion of "resilience" came in the first rank, the criterion of "green" in the second rank and the criterion of "traditional" in last.

The right of access to a healthy environment is one of the most important rights in the current discourses on human rights and citizenship. Pursuant to this right, everyone has the right to live in a healthy, clean and unpolluted environment. The emergence and importance of this right in the area of public law was the result of the evolution of human being’s collective life style, the change of human-state relations with nature, and forgetting the ecological semi-systems around the self in the rapid process of development after the Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the fundamental question which arises is that on the basis of which foundations such a right is formed for humanity and how it is justified in terms of philosophical-theological views reflected in Islamic sources as well as in modern texts? In this paper, it has been tried to address some aspects of this issue. Accordingly, first, in addition to conceptual analysis, we deal with the philosophical-theological foundations of the right to the environment (1). Then, the general philosophical-theological rules of this right from the perspective of Islamic law would be discussed (2). The basic presumption based on which this paper is grounded is that the right to environment cannot achieve its goal which is ensuring the healthy environment without thaking into account its philosophical dimensions as well as it metaphysical status.

Although the importance of considering the capability approach in calculating poverty has been addressed in various studies, a major obstacle to achieving a measure like Alkire-Foster MPI in many countries is the lack of integrated micro indicators. In this study, we suggest a "repeated and random data generation" method using the macro amount of the missing indicator. Moreover, we apply this method to calculate and break down the acute poverty measure of Alkier and Foster in Iran. The results indicate that by using this method, we are able to achieve the desired level with very high precision. In addition, by breaking down multidimensional poverty into three dimensions of health, education, and standard of living, we show that during the last four decades, the share of educational deprivation in MPI is always increasing and has transformed into the most effective indicator in acute multidimensional poverty. Finally, by examining the characteristics of poor households, it can be noted that households with acute poverty have gradually become older, smaller, and less educated. Therefore, it seems that programs like subsidies to the entire society are no longer helpful for poverty reduction in Iran and it can be improved by better targeting and addressing educational deprivation.

Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of heart disorders. Gallic acid (GA) with strong antioxidant properties has shown an effective role in reducing the complications of various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Gallic acid in preventing cardiac arrhythmias due to exposure to particulate matter. Methods: In this study, 40 rats were placed in 4 groups including: control, Particulate matter (5 mg/kg), Gallic acid (30 mg/kg) and particulate matter + Gallic acid. The rats were anesthetized, blood pressure was measured with a tail cuff, and the lead Π of electrocardiogram was examined to record the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias. Oxidative stress factors were evaluated in blood samples of all groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and ANOVA statistical test. Results: The results showed the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia in rats exposed to particulate matter compared to the control group. Gallic acid significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias ventricular tachycardia (P=0.006), ventricular fibrillation (P=0.0005) and premature ventricular contraction (P=0.0041) in the particulate matter group. The Malondialdehyde levels in the particulate matter group showed a significant increase (P=0.0049) that this increase caused oxidative stress and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (P=0.00031) and catalase (P=0.0019) in the particulate matter group compared to the control group. The Gallic acid administration improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: The results of this study show that Gallic acid as a natural antioxidant agent could prevent cardiac complications caused by exposure to particulate matter.

One of the hidden types of violence against women (VAW) that is linked to the degradation of the environment is ecological violence. Ecological violence refers to a type of violence which is formed as a result of environmental crisis in communities. In this descriptive-analytic article, an attempt has been made to examine the effects of environmental degradation on the increase of VAW from a legal perspective and also with referring to the role of women in preserving the environment. As the environmental degradation may cause to the VAW, the ecological VAW can lead to more serious destruction of environment by eliminating the women as the protectors of the environment and natural resources. Despite the prevalence of this type of VAW, it has not gained appropriate attention in the documents and mechanisms related to the environment and women. It seems that UN formal organizations and states must establish and develop the legal rules as well as provide the serious and effective monitoring mechanisms until to create the way for turning the eye of international actors to visible and hidden aspects of this phenomenon. Also the combating gender inequality and reducing it as the base for environmental injustice which is the main causes of ecological VAW, is a necessary. Furthermore, NGOs related to women rights on one side and those related to the environmental protection on the other side can play a significant role in this regard.