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The purpose of this research is the value-added model of the supply chain of petrochemical industries with a sustainable development approach. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable, qualitative-quantitative in terms of implementation, and survey in nature. The statistical population of the research includes 25 managers and experts in the petrochemical industry, and the sampling was done as available judgment, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The tool for gathering information is an interview. To collect and analyze data, Delphi technique was used to identify components. MATLAB software was used for data analysis. In the library analysis, 16 main components were identified and entered into the Delphi technique, and finally all were confirmed. These sixteen criteria are political factors, cultural factors, legal factors, financial factors, individual factors, management factors, information sources, implementation, review, feedback analysis, performance evaluation factors, risk concepts, identification of environmental issues, identification of health issues, learning Issues of safety, and added value in the supply chain of petrochemical industries with a sustainable development approach. These components were leveled based on interpretive structural technique, and they formed a model in 7 levels. The proposed model leads to the improvement of the economic and commercial performance of companies due to optimization of processes, reduction of wastage, improvement of product quality, and reduction of costs. Considering the variety of issues such as safety, health, environment, and social standards; this value-added model of the supply chain helps to realize sustainability and continuity. Extended Abstract Introduction The supply chain value-added model is an analytical tool used to measure the value that each element or process in the supply chain adds (Fernández-González et al, 2023). This model is especially used in operations management, production planning, and supply chain performance improvement. In this model, added value is measured by the amount that each activity or step in the production or supply process adds to the final product. By focusing on adding value at each stage, this model helps companies to identify their weak points and implement the necessary improvements in the production and supply processes. The benefits of using this model include improving efficiency and reducing waste in the supply chain, improving communication and coordination between supply chain members, and increasing the competitiveness of companies (Duncan et al, 2019). Considering the importance of establishing an efficient and optimal supply chain, it is vital to use the value-added model of the supply chain to improve performance and better manage processes (Baumgartner, 2014; Alamroshan et al, 2021; Jalil et al, 2021). Its sustainability and performance have attracted the attention of the world (companies and researchers) since 1992, which coincides with the Rio de Janeiro summit (Figge et al, 2002). It has slowly but surely led to changes in global economies. It includes several aspects, including economic, social, environmental, and political, not only at the macro level, but also at the micro level (Mio et al, 2022). This issue forces companies to include sustainability in their strategies. To achieve and adapt goals related to sustainability requirements, companies usually rely on methods to formulate, implement, and monitor their systems in terms of environmental, social, and economic aspects (George et al, 2018; Bastas & Liyanage, 2018). One of the important aspects in this model is the assessment and control of environmental effects (He et al, 2021; Ghalandari et al, 2023). Considering the various processes of the petrochemical industry that may have many environmental impacts, the use of this model helps managers to reduce negative effects and identify opportunities for environmental optimization. In this approach, it is also important to pay attention to social values ​​such as establishing appropriate work standards, maintaining the health and safety of workers, and supporting local communities (Jassem et al, 2021). This model helps companies embed social values ​​in their supply chain and contribute to sustainable development through actions such as developing local skills or improving working conditions (Goli et al, 2022; Khan et al, 2022). Theoretical Framework Value added model A value-added model is an analytical model used to measure the amount of value that each step of a process or a supply chain adds to a product or service (Salari, 2021). Supply chain model Supply chain is a strategic model that includes all the activities and processes required to supply raw materials, manufacture, distribute and provide products or services to customers (Sadeghi & Ghasemi, 2021). This model represents an organization or industry as a network consisting of suppliers, producers, distributors and customers (De & Giri, 2020). Sustainable development approach Development and sustainability is one of the relatively new concepts in the world development literature, and was first used in the United Nations Summit under the title of Human Environment in Stockholm in 1372. Sustainability is an effort to achieve the best results in human and natural environment programs carried out for the present and indefinitely for the future. Sustainability is a local, conscious, collaborative and balanced process implemented in a balanced ecological environment without exporting its problems to the surrounding areas or leave it on the shoulders of future generations (Asadiyan, 2023). Mirshekar et al, (2024) investigated the design of supply chain scenarios and how it affects the relevant variables in the National Company of South Oil-bearing Regions. The results of the investigations showed that the excessive increase in the sending capacity, the increase in the volume of orders, and the decrease in the time of sending the orders will have their own positive and negative results; which the creation of a favorable and optimal situation based on the various outputs of the model will be fruitful in the context of the organization's policy adopting. Samiei et al, (2023) investigated the identification of financial benefits and costs of sustainable supply chain under conditions of uncertainty in manufacturing companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that the number of 30 articles, 210 codes and 24 concepts were extracted from the selected articles, which include the capability of the order process management process, the capability of the customer relationship management process, the capability of the demand management process, the capacity and capability of the resource management process, time to market, buyer credit, electronic platforms, coordination and cooperation in the supply chain to improve service performance, synchronization of financial decisions, sharing of innovative information related to finance, supplier relationship management process capability, service performance management process capability, interdepartmental interaction of supply chain companies, inventory financing, product innovation, reverse factoring, cash flow incentive alignment, supply chain working capital, bank credit for supply chain financing, supplier integration, recycling management, supply chain disruption risk, supply chain transportation management, changes in estimates and their basis as sources and costs of the sustainable supply chain under conditions of uncertainty. Research methodology The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose, qualitative-quantitative in terms of implementation, and survey in nature. The statistical population of the research includes 25 managers and experts in the petrochemical industry, and the sampling was done as available judgment, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation. The tool for gathering information is an interview. To collect and analyze data, Delphi technique was used to identify components. Research findings MATLAB software was used for data analysis. In the library analysis, 16 main components were identified and entered into the Delphi technique, and finally all were confirmed. These sixteen criteria are political factors, cultural factors, legal factors, financial factors, individual factors, management factors, information sources, implementation, review, feedback analysis, performance evaluation factors, risk concepts, identification of environmental issues, identification of health issues, learning Issues of safety, and added value in the supply chain of petrochemical industries with a sustainable development approach. These components were leveled based on interpretive structural technique, and they formed a model in 7 levels. The proposed model leads to the improvement of the economic and commercial performance of companies due to optimization of processes, reduction of wastage, improvement of product quality, and reduction of costs. Considering the variety of issues such as safety, health, environment, and social standards; this value-added model of the supply chain helps to realize sustainability and continuity. Conclusion The present research was carried out with the aim of the value-added model of the supply chain of petrochemical industries with a sustainable development approach. The results of this research corresponds with the results of Mirshekar et al, (2024), Samiei et al, (2023), Ghalandari et al, (2023), Karimi et al, (2022), Bayat et al, (2022), El-Sheikh & Lukman (2022), and Sangbor et al, (2022). Ghalandari et al, (2024), showed that continuity of improvement processes, feedback analysis and performance evaluation focusing on sustainability indicators can help to achieve the best performance in the supply chain. According to the results of the research, the following suggestions were presented: Political factors: Analyzing and predicting political-economic developments in the countries of operation, communicating with government institutions, and determining strategies to deal with political developments can be helpful. Cultural factors: Deep understanding of local culture in target countries and matching strategies and approaches with cultural values ​​and beliefs can help improve performance and interactions. Legal factors: following up and complying with local and international laws and regulations, creating solutions to adapt to legal changes, and maintaining compliance with standards and regulations can be efficient.

Renal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. This case report describes a 44-year-old male who was incidentally found to have a renal mass during an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound. The patient's abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass, which was further evaluated with a CT scan. The CT findings suggested renal cell carcinoma. Suspecting malignancy, the patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations ultimately diagnosed the mass as a cavernous hemangioma. Despite its benign nature, the patient was followed up with a control ultrasound three months post-surgery. This case is presented due to the significant clinical and radiological resemblance of this tumor to renal carcinomas, highlighting the importance of considering benign tumors in differential diagnoses.

Geopolitical developments and events are always among the factors that create geopolitical opportunities and challenges for political actors, and political actors seek to make the most of geopolitical opportunities and eliminate or reduce challenges. The iraq war against iran was one of those events that, while creating geopolitical challenges for iran, also provided geopolitical opportunities for it, especially in the eastern mediterranean. As the eastern mediterranean region is considered to be iran's most important sphere of influence today, this article seeks to examine how iraq's imposed war on iran made iran's geopolitical foundations in the region meaningful and how geopolitical opportunities used it.In this article, information has been collected by library and documentary methods and analyzed descriptively-analytically. The results show that the holy defense created geopolitical opportunities for iran in the eastern mediterranean and iran was able to strengthen the foundations of expanding its strategic depth in the eastern mediterranean based on the definition of the geopolitical code of the axis of resistance by using the geopolitical foundations of the eastern mediterranean in the period of the holy defense and become its most important geostrategic region to date.

Purpose: Ethics is a fundamental issue in the accounting and auditing profession, and the application of IT-related approaches to the financial sciences is undeniable; therefore, the purpose of this study is to prepare a model and systematize the relationship between ethical philosophies and information technology with the moral behaviour of auditors using the ANT.Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of using the findings and qualitative in terms of the research method. It also has a developmental orientation concerning increasing knowledge and presenting a new model. The research population includes studies related to the subject with the same sample. In this regard, no sampling was done, and the sample and the population were considered the same. Then, the final model is prepared with the meta-synthesis of the sample components using the ANT approach. Finally, the importance of the model's components was confirmed by interviewing 5 experts.Findings: Results showed that human and technical actors influence auditors' ethical behaviour. Human actors generally include moral theories, and technical actors typically include information technology. Ethical theories (human actors) are also divided into two general parts: action-based theories and virtue-based theories (virtuosity). Action-based theories also include duty-based (duty-oriented), outcome-based (utilitarianism and otherism), divine-based (benevolence), and justice-based (justice-oriented). Information technology (technical actors) also includes the integrated theory of acceptance and use of advanced technology (motivation, hope for effort, and social impact). The study's overall findings showed that the components of technical and human actors have a positive and significant effect on the development of ethical behaviour in auditors.Originality/Value: Considering the importance of systematizing ethical behaviour and preparing models appropriate to the country's environment, the findings of this study, with strong theoretical and practical support, can help to understand better and accelerate the implementation of auditors' ethical behaviour and human and technical actors and shows the influential role of each one clearly.

One of the main duties of political geographers is to identify and analysis geographical phenomena that affect political organization. One of the most important of these phenomena is centrifugal and centripetal forces within countries. These forces often led to the disintegration of countries or the political unification of political units. In west of Iran, Kermanshah province can play a key role in this field; because strengthening centrifugal or centripetal activities in which can have a great impact in western Iran and even neighboring provinces. Therefore, the analysis of distribution of the forces in this province has been considered as a research issue of this research.In this research, it has been used library method to collect data. Regarding data analysis, first centripetal and centrifugal forces have been identified based on a conceptual framework composed of the views of Hartshorne and Guttmann, and finally their distribution and intensity has been analyzed by qualitative method (descriptive-analytical and hermeneutic).The results show that along with the centripetal forces in Kermanshah province, factors of ethnic-linguistic, religion and ethnic symbols have theoretically provided the context of activity of centrifugal forces in this province and factors such as political thought and political-military organization has practically formed centrifugal forces in parts of the province.In general, the distribution of centripetal and centrifugal forces in the province is observed in three forms: the western part of the province with relatively high centrifugation, the central and southern regions with moderate centrifugation and the eastern region with relatively low centrifugation.

Background and Aim: Conventional post-operative rehabilitation programs focus on quadriceps strengthening and knee range of motion. However, hip muscle weakness is evident in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The present trial study aimed to investigate the effects of adding early hip muscle strengthening exercises to conventional rehabilitation programs on pain, Range of Motion (RoM), Quality of Life (QoL), and physical function in patients with unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Methods & Materials: The intervention was initiated from the second day after surgery and continued for 10 sessions, 3 times a week on 24 participants in the control and intervention groups. Both research groups received Transcutaneous Electrical Neural Stimulation (TENS) and Infra-Red (IR), followed by exercises. The control group performed knee extensor and flexor strengthening and RoM exercises. The intervention group conducted hip-strengthening exercises in addition. Outcome measures included pain, knee flexion, and extension RoM, and QoL using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Step Test, Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Hip and Knee Muscle Strength test. Ethical Considerations: This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR.IUMS.REC.1396.9511340012) and it was registered in the Clinical Trial Registration Center (Code: IRCT 20150314021459N6). Results: All outcome measures improved in both research groups. The improvement in the scores of pain (P=0.03), knee extension RoM (P=0.007), and TUG test (P=0.033) were significantly higher in the intervention group, compared to the control group. The strength of knee flexors (P=0.023), hip flexors (P=0.040), hip extensors (P=0.028), hip adductors (P=0.040), and hip external rotators (P=0.047) significantly improved higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: According to the present research results, both treatment approaches were effective on patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Considering the better result of some of the outcome measures in the intervention group, the addition of hip strengthening exercises to knee exercises can be useful.

Background: Assertiveness is one of the most important skills needed by nurses to reduce interpersonal conflict and build an effective teamwork in complex hospital environments. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an assertiveness training program on nurses’ aggressive and adaptive assertiveness. Methods: In this interventional study, participants were 64 nurses working in hospitals of Abhar city in Iran, randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=32) and control (n=32). Assertive training program was presented as a two-day training workshop (10 hours) to the intervention group, while the control group received no training. Thompson and Burnham’s Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness Scale were completed by the participants in both groups at baseline, immediately, one and three months after the intervention. After collecting the data, Friedman, Mann–Whitney, Chi-squared, and Fisher tests were used for their analysis. Findings: The mean of adaptive assertiveness score was significantly different between the the two groups immediately (P=0.002) and 1 month after the intervention (P=0.025). The aggressive assertiveness scores were not significantly different immediately, 1 and 3 months after the intervention (P>0.05), but the results of Friedman test showed a statistically significant decrease in the aggressive assertiveness scores compared to its baseline score (P=0.002). Conclusion: The assertiveness training program increased adaptive assertiveness and decreased aggressive assertiveness in nurses. Relevant authorities can design continuous and useful assertiveness training programs to promot this valuable skill in nurses.

The turbulent and dynamic environment of today's business world has become increasingly challenging for organizations operating in different business areas. In such a situation, in order to get rid of these conditions, moving forward and towards the perspective of the new horizons of prosperity and survival is the dream of many of them. In the meantime, according to the specific circumstances and requirements that govern each institution or organization, and in order to achieve their desired productivity, they use certain strategies and programs that outsourcing is one of these strategies. Today, organizations are outsourcing to boost competitive ability and profit and focus on their competitive edge. In this research, a mathematical programming approach is proposed to optimize the issue of outsourcing in the supply chain. In this approach, at first the mathematical model of the problem showed and then in order to solve the problem of the theory of Markov chains described. The objective function of the problem involves minimizing the cost of purchasing, outsourcing and lost demand. In order to solve the problem, three genetic metamorphic algorithms, gray wolves and antlion have been used. After examining the numerical expressions, Gray wolf's algorithm has the highest level of performance. In order to expand the applied dimensions of research in real-world conditions, a company (MPEICO) that manufactures insulators is considered as the case study..

Objective: Proper performance of Dachi in karate as a basic technique has a direct impact on the performance of other techniques. The aim of the present is to compare the maximum angular velocities of the hip, knee and ankle joints under different Zenkutsu-dachi movement patterns in karate athletes. Methods: Participants were 12 male karate athletes height= 175±5.5 cm; weight=75±5.5 kg, age=25±5.5 years, history=8±2.5 years). A three-dimensional motion analyzer with six synchronized infrared cameras at a video recording speed of 200 frames per second was used, and recordings were analyzed in Cortex 2.5.0 software. Zenkutsu-dachi forward movement was performed in six different patterns. The normality of the data distribution was confirmed by Shapiro-Wilk test. To test the study hypotheses, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used in SPSS V. 25 considering the significant level of P

Based on the evaluations of The Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS), the recent crisis in the financial system has started with a sharp increase in total leverage. In this study, we are looking at the causes and means of preventing a financial crisis. We also seeks to address the impacts of different banks on the cycle of financial leverage(CFL) including accepted banks in TSE and other banks, commercial and Professionalized banks, and private and public banks. We mainly focus on GDP growth and asset volumes in CFL. First, based on the results of Granger's causality test, the causal relationships between GDP variables, asset volume and financial leverage were determined and then independent and dependent variables were determined in multivariate regression models. By using panel data (fixed and accidental effects), we examined the effect of types of banks with three main variables. Then we analyzed wealth- accumulation of 15 banks from 2009 to 2016. The findings show that GDP has a significant positive and important relationship with financial leverage, and government-owned banks have an increasingly interactive role in this regard. The results also indicate a positive and significant relationship between assets and financial leverage. Government-owned banks, banks accepted in TSE and commercial banks, have a more effective role in leverage than others when it come to the relationship between assets with a more leverage effect.By relying on these findings, we will be able to review goals of privatization, bank Professionalization and capital market development.

Background: Employee examination is one of the requirements of the occupational health care system. The present study aimed to evaluate the current health status of the staff working in an Iranian gas company to prevent, follow-up, and treat the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the data collected from health screening of 94 service personnel in one of the gas companies in Iran. Data were collected by the 4-sheet forms of occupational examinations containing the following information: demographic data, general health status (blood pressure, smoking, allergy history, surgery, occupational accidents, body mass index), cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, clinical examination, paraclinical evaluations of the internal gland, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, and hematopoietic system (CBC). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: All participants were male with an average (Standard Deviation) age and BMI of 42.96 ± 8.00 and26.83 ± 4.08, respectively. The participants' body mass index indicated that 45 staff (48.38%) were overweight and 15 individuals (16.12%) were in the range of obesity. The participants had history of smoking (22.3%), cholesterol above 200 (27.7%), and triglycerides above 300 (8/5%). The rate of hypermetropia, musculoskeletal disease, hypertension, high blood concentration and low blood platelets, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease were 25.80%, 24.5%, 9.6%, 56.4%, 7.4%, 1.1%, and 12.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the studied company has a yearly occupational medical examination, the workers have not been provided with a comprehensive report and appropriate feedback. Therefore, it is essential to follow up the health reports and examinations and refer the patients to the related physicians.

Introduction In the regional prospecting of ore minerals, geologists usually utilize remote sensing images for hydrothermal alteration mineral mapping as a kind of lithological anomaly, which may be linked to mineral deposits (Carranza, 2002). Compared to the multispectral remote sensing images, composed of few spectral bands, the hyperspectral data prepare much more spectral details of the surface materials in many bands. These high spectral resolution images provide subtle spectral data for identifying similar materials of the surface (Camps-Valls et al., 2014). This ability could greatly promote the potential of hyperspectral based mineral mapping (Wang and Zheng, 2010). As in the two last decades, hyperspectral remote sensing has been an important tool for studying earth’s minerals and rocks (Zhang and Peijun, 2014). Although, the high number of spectral bands is an important advantage for hyperspectral images, many of those bands are usually irrelevant and redundant and, therefore, cause just the size and complexity of the band space to be increased. This complexity can lead to an ill-posed problem in supervised classification, namely the curse of dimensionality and the Hughes phenomenon, which negatively affect the accuracy of the classification (Camps-Valls, 2014). Feature reduction methods can be applied to overcome these problems and to eliminate those spectral bands in the classification of hyperspectral images that provide no further useful information. These methods produce an efficient subset of features (spectral bands in remote sensing field) from the original feature space. The decrease in complexity obtained as a result of the feature space reduction can increase the ability of classifiers to efficiently capture the classification rules. Consequently, the speed, generalization, and predictive classification accuracy are increased (Gheyas and Smith, 2010; Camps-Valls et al., 2014). This study is aimed at evaluation and management of the curse of dimensionality risk in hyper spectral data classification by means of a feature reduction method. The method is utilized to select more informative spectral bands of Hyperion hyperspectral data, which are more effective for the classification of hydrothermal alteration zones. The well-known study area here is the Darrehzar porphyry copper mine located 8 km from the southeast of the giant Sarcheshmeh mine. Materials and methods 1. Hyperion data The Hyperion hyperspectral image with 242 spectral bands acquired on July 26, 2004 was available and it was used in this study. 2. Train and test datasets Two datasets were utilized. The first dataset that resulted from the Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) method was applied to feed the feature reduction method and the second dataset containing 17 rock samples collected from the study area was used to carry out the classification by SVM. 3. The feature reduction method In this study, we applied a hybrid Feature Subset Selection (FSS) method to reduce the number of spectral bands of Hyperion data. Extensive details may be found in Moradkhani et al. (2015). Discussion and results The Feature Subset Selection (FSS) algorithm was applied to reduce the size of the spectral bands of Hyperion data. The implementation of this algorithm resulted in the selection of 9 bands among all 165 spectral bands (i.e. 5% of all useable spectral bands of Hyperion) as the more influential bands for the identification of clay minerals. These bands belong to the two spectral ranges, 2125-2250 nm and 2250-2400 nm, respectively. On the other hand, it is believed that the Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) electromagnetic range (2000-2500 nm) is an important spectral range for distinguishing clay minerals of the hydrothermal alteration systems (Hosseinjani Zadeh et al., 2014). This implies that two ranges introduced by FSS were accurately selected, because both of them coincide with the SWIR range. Clearly speaking, bands 201, 202, 204, and 205 in the range of 2125-2250 nm are used for muskovit, kaolinit and alunit enhancement. Moreover, bands 217, 220, 222, 223, and 224 in the 2250-2400 nm are appropriate for chlorite classification. A comparison between the maps of SVM based classification of the alteration zones using 9 (selected by feature selection method) and 165 (all useable bands of Hyperion data) spectral bands confirmed a significant improvement in the output results when 9 more informative bands are utilized for classification instead of all 165 bands. In fact, the classification based on 9 selected bands is comparable and even more effective than the full band classification. This is because the decrease in spectral bands makes SVM learn the rules of classification more accurately. Reference Camps-Valls, G., Tuia, D., Bruzzone, L. and Benediktsson, J., 2014. Advances in Hyperspectral Image Classification. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 31(1): 45–54. Carranza, E.J.M., 2002. Geologically-Constrained Mineral Potential Mapping. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands, 480 pp. Gheyas, A. and Smith, L.S., 2010. Feature subset selection in large dimensionality domains. Pattern Recognition, 43(1): 5-13. Hosseinjani Zadeh, M., Tangestani, M.H., Velasco Roldan, F. and Yusta. I., 2014. Spectral characteristics of minerals in alteration zones associated with porphyry copper deposits in the middle part of Kerman copper belt, SE Iran., SE Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 62: 191-198. Moradkhani, M., Amiri, A., Javaherian, M. and Safari, H., 2015. A hybrid algorithm for feature subset selection in high-dimensional data sets using FICA and IWSSr algorithm. Applied Soft Computing, 35: 123–135. Wang, Z.H. and Zheng, C.Y., 2010. Rocks/Minerals Information Extraction from EO-1 Hyperion Data Base on SVM. International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Changsha, China. Zhang, X. and Peijun, L., 2014. Lithological mapping from hyperspectral data by improved use of spectral angle mapper. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 31: 95–109.

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate, functional capacity of the knee in flexion and internal rotation after hamstring ligament harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods: Fifty patients (male and 18-45 years old) with isolated ACL injury, randomly allocated in two equal groups (in one group, ACL reconstruction was performed with Tibialis Posterior allograft and in another group with quadruple hamstring ligament auto graft) and before and 6 months after surgery in both groups isokinetic flexion strength and isometric internal rotation strength of knee evaluated with Biodex System 4 dynamometer and rotational torque recorder, in order. Isokinetic flexion strength evaluated in sitting and prone position; the later position was performed for deep flexion strength evaluation. Also subjective and objective assessment of all patients pre operatively and 6 months post operatively was documented with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire. In this study for first time, rotational torque strength of knee was recorded with new design measure, from isometric aspect and not isokinetic.Results: Although significant improvements in IKDC scores, flexion and internal rotation capacity of the knee were observed in both groups, post operatively in respect to pre operatively; there was no significant difference between 2 groups. (P

Background: Due to advantages of imaging techniques, they are used in most endoscopic procedures. They help magnify the anatomy of structures, detect anomalies easier, and facilitate airway manipulation. Imaging during intubation helps the operator and the assistant to synchronize their movements. Therefore, imaging techniques have become the method of choice in teaching. Fiber optic guided laryngoscope has been introduced as a novel device for performing and teaching intubation. This study aimed to evaluate this new method. Methods: We evaluated 227 patients in two groups. Group A (n = 206) seemed to have normal airways and did not require difficult intubation. However, intubation in group B (n = 21) was predicted to be difficult. Findings: External laryngeal manipulation (ELM) was required in 21 (10%) patients in group A. Only one intubation was not successful at the first try in this group. In group B, direct laryngoscopy was difficult due to the subjects’ anatomical conditions. All 21 cases in this group required ELM but were successfully intubated using the fiber optic guided laryngoscopy. Conclusion: Improved harmony between the anesthesiologist and his/her assistant and short learning time make fiber optic guided laryngoscopy superior to conventional laryngoscopy. Keywords: Oral intubation, Video laryngoscopy, Video intubation

The research focuses on the children painting with elements of cre-ativity in composition of their images. The subject of children’s paint-ings and the role it has being the pictorial language of its creator has always been of importance. A large number of studies regarding this issue have been carried out but only a few focus on children’s creative illustrations while empha-sizing the importance of their emotions. This paper focuses on the popular related theories to the concept of creativity. It includes a case by case review of paintings by children aged 8 years to 10 years. The study analyzes the characteristics which show the creative manifesta-tions of emotions and complex feelings of a child. It helps the reader to further understand children’s mysterious paintings and their hidden characteristics which are indeed the most effective method for chil-dren to communicate with the outside world. A history of the research is provided in the introduction. The statistical analysis is based on library field method and the research was carried out compounded by personal experiences.

The growing world's population and the increase of underlying diseases such as diabetes have caused an increasing trend of skin damage and imposed high costs on the healthcare system. The complex and multi-step nature of wound healing highlights the importance of introducing efficient products for effective treatment of skin injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce new wound healing products to treat these types of injuries effectively. The modern wound dressings have received much attention in recent years. These dressings facilitate skin regeneration by providing suitable physical and biological conditions. Wound dressings are produced in sponge, fibrous, hydrogel, film, and powder forms to treat different wounds. Various natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used to make these products, among which hyaluronic acid (HA) is particularly important due to its unique biological properties. As one of the main constituents of the skin's extracellular matrix, this substance is directly effective in the four stages of wound healing. These biological characteristics and high hydrophilicity have attracted special attention to this material as a promising option for repairing skin damage. In this article, the wound healing process is explained after describing the skin structure and types of wounds. Then, traditional and commercial dressings and their types are introduced. In the following, by introducing the most common biological materials used to make wound dressings, the structure of HA, the mechanism of degradation, and the role of this material in different stages of wound healing are described in detail. Also different types of HA-based wound dressings in the literature are discussed. Finally some types of commercial wound dressings based on this polymer are introduced and an overview of the global market for wound dressings is provided to outline the perspective of the consumption of these products.

Introduction: Adolescence is undoubtedly one of the most important and critical periods of human life. The results of several studies indicate that suicidal ideation is increasing among adolescents across the world, and it is certainly important to reduce suicidal ideation and other related traumas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of negative mood control training skills on suicidal thoughts, anxiety, and depression in high school female students in Ilam, Iran, during 2018. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all female high school students in Ilam, Iran. This study included 60 female students who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method and the Morgan table. Subsequently, the participants were divided into two groups of experimental and control (30 students per group). The data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory, Cattell Anxiety Scale, and Maria Kovacs Depression Inventory. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Ethics code: IR.MEDILAM.REE.1394.126 Findings: The results of ANCOVA showed that negative mood control training skills had a positive and significant effect on reducing suicidal ideation (P=0.000), anxiety (P=0.025), and depression (P=0.034). Discussion & Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, negative mood control training skills reduced the level of suicidal ideation, anxiety, and depression in students.