Search

Background: According to previous studies, the health of the family of origin and the spouse's perceived responsiveness are among the relevant and influencing variables on marital quality. The role of the aforementioned variables on the marital quality of couples has been studied, but there is a research gap regarding the mediating role of the spouse's perceived responsiveness in the relationship between the health of the family of origin and marital quality. Aims: The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the mediating role of spouse's perceived responsiveness in the relationship between the health of the family of origin and marital quality. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married women who referred to counseling centers in 2022 in Tehran city, and 397 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data, Family–Of-Origin (Hovestadt et al., 1985), Marital Quality Scale (Busby et al., 1995) and Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scales (Reis et al., 2017) were used. Structural equation modeling and SPSS22 and Amos22 software were used for data analysis. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that the health of the Family of origin has a significant effect on women's marital quality both directly and indirectly (through perceived responsiveness) (p

Received: 2020/8/2 | Accepted: 2021/2/21Shi’ite and many Sunni scholars, based on rational and traditional arguments, recognize that the ancestors of the Holy Prophet of Islam have been believers; one of the evidences in this regard is the 219th verse of Surah ash-Sho’arā’ saying “And thy movements among those who prostrate”. The present study, using descriptive analysis, reviews the ideas of 114 Sunni and Shi’ite exegeses and categorizes them in 4 viewpoints: The first view believes that the content of the verse refers to conducting Roku’ and Sojud by the Prophet (PBUH) during congregational prayer; the second view holds that the verse denotes the Prophet sees his companions behind him during congregational prayer. However, these two interpretations perceive the verse to be away from the basic subject in discussion. The third view states that the Sājedin (those who prostrate), with reference to the traditions, are Ahl al-Bayt; and the fourth view that is accepted by most of Sunni and Shi’ite commentators interprets that based on in-text evidence such as the implication of the words and the synthesis of the sentence as well as out-text evidence such as the narrations trusted by the early companions and commentators, the meaning of the verse confirms the lineage transmission of the Prophet (PBUH) from his believer ancestors who were prostrating. The authors’ review indicates that, based on the evidences and reasons, it is appropriate to infer monotheism of the Prophet’s ancestors (PBUT) as the evident meaning or one of the meaning aspects of the verse relying on the potentiality of the words connoting more than a single interpretation. Moreover, the 3rd view has alignment, semantic contradiction and evidence expansion with that. © Mohammadi Āshnāni, A; Nātiq, A; Alavi Mehr, H (2021) An Analytical Review of the Ideas of Sunni and Shi’ite Qur’anic Researchers on the Implications of the 219th Verse of Surah ash-Sho’arā’ about the Monotheism of the Prophet’s Ancestors (PBUT) and His Holy Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 7 (13) 59-81. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2020.4669.1608

Holy Aegis thinking of the king in the political history of Iran has an old background. This thinking was brought up as Divine Charisma. This thinking was discussed in historical texts and historians had referred repeatedly to the idea of Holy Aegis (God's shadow) and its related terms. Examples of such narratives can be found in historical texts of Afsharian era. Some of the most important historians of this era that used a manifestation of Holy Aegis thought in their works were Marvi and Astarabadi. In this paper we try to review and analyze the manifestations of Holy Aegis thought between the attitudes of historians of Afsharian era based on an analytical method. The results of this study indicate the direct and indirect use of Holy Aegis term by Nader Shah Afshar in order to legitimize himself and show the overcoming of this thoughts on beliefs and attitudes of the historians of Afsharian era.

Background: Corals have a diversity of prokaryotic communities as an internal or external symbiotic . This review will examine the association between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms from the ecology and biotechnology perspective. Material and Methods: In this study, articles were examined which indexed in Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scirus databases. Keywords we used included coral, symbiotic microorganisms, ecology, and biotechnology. Finally, overall of 120 articles and reports, 103 articles were evaluated by eliminating the same articles. Results: The Corals symbiotic microorganisms stay on in the ecological niches such as the surface mucus layer, tissue and their skeleton. They play role in the cycle of sulfur, nitrogen fixation, production of antimicrobial compounds and protect corals against pathogens. Many bioactive compounds which attributed to invertebrates such as sponges and corals in fact they are produced by symbiotic bacteria. Various metabolites produced by these microorganisms can be used as medicine. Five screening strategies including conventional screening, met genomics, genomics, combinatorial biosynthesis, and synthetic biology are used for marine microbial natural products discovery and development. Conclusion: According to the collected material we can be concluded that, the ecological studies about the natural association between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms were technological prerequisite for biomedical research and they make clear the road to attainment to bioactive compounds in fauna. Also, in the first step, it is recommended that modern technology and advanced screening methods used to identification of marine organisms and then to identify secondary metabolites among them.

Background: Bacterial toxins are toxic compounds which are produced in order to present microbial pathogenicity or to combat with the host immune system response. There is a cumulating evidence indicating bacterial origin for marine toxins such as tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, neosurugatoxin, etc. The most important marine toxins produced by different marine bacteria, their origin, structure and mechanisms of action were evaluated in a systematic review. Materials & Methods: Marine bacteria, marine bacterial toxins, and their mechanisms of action and structure were keywords for a comprehensive search in online databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scirus. A total of 120 papers were evaluated, however, by omitting similar reports, 103 papers were included in the study. Results: The most of marine bacterial toxins are classified in one of the following groups: neurotoxins, hepatotoxins and cytotoxins. These toxins have distinct mechanisms of action including blocking of sodium channels in nerve cells, functioning as agonists of acetylcholine receptors, inhibiting of membrane pumps, the inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A types' enzyme activities and inhibiting of protein synthesis. Conclusion: The clarification of the marine bacterial toxins structures and their mechanisms of action may be helpful for novel drug design, therapeutic measures and to overcome against bacterial pathogenicity.

Background: Dinoflagellates are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. In different studies, it has been shown that many dinoflagellate species produce various natural toxins. Saxitoxin, brevetoxin, yessotoxin, etc can be considered as the most important neurotoxins. The most important dinoflagellate toxins structures, their origin, structure and mechanisms of action were evaluated in a systematic review. Materials & Methods: Marine dinoflagellates, marine toxins, and their mechanisms of action and structure were keywords for a comprehensive search in online databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scirus. A total of 95 papers were evaluated, however, by omitting similar reports, 68 papers were included in the study. Results: Dinoflagellates toxins are usually polycyclic ether and polyketaide compounds that have distinct mechanisms of action including alteration in different ion channels and/or pumps at cell membrane, effect on the normal functioning of neuronal and other excitable tissues, inhibition of serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases, disrupting major mechanisms of controlling cellular functions, and alteration in cellular cytoskeleton. However, the precise mechanisms of action of few toxins are not determined yet. Conclusion: The clarification of the dinoflagellate toxins structures and their mechanisms of action may be helpful for novel drug design, therapeutic measures and to overcome against marine toxicity.

Abstract Background: Isolation of a novel virus belonging to coronavirdae family in September 2012, from patients in Middle East who had died of an acute respiratory illness & renal failure lead to researches on this new virus. Here, a brief review to summarize the events of scientific findings of this new emerging virus. Material and Methods: This review is based on a comprehensive search of three databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane) and WHO reports. The searched keywords were new coronavirus, Middle East, acute respieratory distress syndrom & Saudi Arabia. Results: Due to novelty of virus only limited papers exist on searched databases, so only 50 papers were identified which after omitting repeated case reports, papers related to SARS and updated WHO reports, 30 papers were finally reviewed. Conclusion: WHO recommendation is evaluation of all patients with acute respiratory illness and history of travel to Saudi Arabia or other countries where this novel virus is epidemic.

Background and objectives: Formaldehyde is one of the compounds widely used in various industries; hence, its discharge into the effluent is unavoidable. Exposure to formaldehyde has a significant health effects. To prevent these issues, treatment of wastewater containing formaldehyde is necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in removing formaldehyde from wastewater. Methods: We used a SBR having a total volume of 6.15 liters and an effective volume of 4 liters. The formaldehyde and COD removal efficiency of SBR was evaluated by applying loading rate of 0.031 to 0.156 kgCOD/m3.h. Four cycles of 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours were considered to investigate retention time effect onto the reactor efficiency. Results: Acclimation of microorganism with formaldehyde was achieved after about 30 days. We found that a retention time lower than an hour is not enough for achieving an acceptable efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency (90.52% for COD and 95.32% for formaldehyde) was observed at organic loading rate of 0.031 kg COD/m3.h and 12 hour retention time. The removal efficiency decreased to 46.44% for COD and 69.12%, for formaldehyde with increasing the organic loading rate to 0.156 kg COD/m3.h. The maximum concentration of MLSS was measured 2863 mg / L at organic loading rate of 0.091 kg COD/m3.h. Conclusion: The results showed that SBR could be applied as a practical, effective, and reliable technology for treatment of wastewater containing formaldehyde.

Cynodon dactylon is a perennial herb which has economical and industrial importance and widely used as warm-season turf and forage grass in the temperate and tropical regions. The taxonomic and cytological status of this species is not well documented. In this study, the cytological characteristics of 10 samples collected from different regions of Iran were analysed. Two ploidy levels: tri and tetraploid were counted from the root tips as 2n=3x=27 and 2n=4x=36 with a basic chromosome number of x=9. The karyotypes and the chromosomal parameters showed a nearly symmetrical karyotypes. The presence of triploid populations indicated that the probable existence of the diploid populations in this region hybridized with tetraploid individuals in the past to produce triploids that subsequently stabilized by vegetative reproduction (rhizome).

Background: Human rotaviruses are the major etiological agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. With the licensure of new rotavirus vaccines, data on the burden of disease and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating are important regarding immunization strategies. The purpose of the present study was to determine the genotypes of VP7 protein rotavirus in hospitalized children in Borazjan. Methods: In this study,375 stool samples from children less than 7 year old with severe diarrhaea hospitalized at 17 Shahrivar hospital in Borazjan, were collected during 2008 to 2009. Group A rotavirus antigen was detected in stool specimens using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Then G-typing of the positive specimens was evaluated by Nested RT-PCR method. Results: Among the collected samples, 24.27% were positive for rotavirus infection. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 12-17 months (6.93%) (p=0.056). The most common prevalence of positive rotavirus was observed in autumn with 54.94% compared to the least prevalence in summer with 2.20% (p=0).The frequency of G1, G4, G9 ,non-typeable genotypes were 51.65%, 2.20 %, 4.40%, 41.76% ,respectively. But, G2, G3, G8, G10 and G12 genotypes weren’t detected. Conclusion: The noticeable frequency of non-typeable genotypes indicates that must be using from another primers for characterization of unusual genotypes. Also because of the high frequency of rotavirus infection, surveillance and expanded program of immunization especially for children less than 2 years is necessary.

Payesh2009; 8: 361-369Accepted for publication: 28 April 2008[EPub a head of print-14 September 2009] Objective(s): To measure self-care behaviors inpatients and to investigate its associations with age, gender, marital status, duration of heart disease, co-morbidity with other chronic disorder and left ventricular ejection fraction.Methods: In a descriptive-analytic study, 250 participants were selected by random sampling. European Heart Failure Self-care behavior questionnaire used to collect data. Results: We found that 74 % of the participants had moderate and low scores of self-care behaviors. The self care behavior had a significant correlation with all variables studied.Conclusion: It seems that there is need for systematic self-care educational programs for patients with heart failure.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, CABG is classified among the most common and risky surgeries. Since heart is a vital organ, patients confronting this kind of surgery, experience more anxiety than the patients having other surgeries . The purpose of this study was ti determine the effects of education using VCD and booklet on pre-operative anxiety of CABG candidates in two different times, in Tehran Heart Center-year 2006. Material and Method: In this clinical trial study, one hundred and twenty 45-65 years old CABG candidates were recruited consecutively and randomly assigned in 4­groups, each including 30 ­patients. All patients completed demographic data sheet and Spiel Berger questionnaire in their admission day and the day of surgery. Every other one patient assigned in two groups of education either by VCD or booklet one day before surgery. After completing patient in two group and one week pause, this procedure was repeated for two other groups of education 6­ days before surgery. Results: sThe findings showed that state and trait anxiety of 4 studied groups reduced after education, when compared with pre-education time. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a statistically significant difference between means of state anxiety before and after education in 4­ group (P=0.004). Scheffe test indicated that education using VCD, 6­ days before surgery has had the most effect and meanwhile, education using booklet, 6 ­day before surgery has had the least effect on reducing the state anxiety of participants . Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, education using VCD, 6­ days before CABG and booklet, one day before CABG has the most effect on reducing pre-operative anxiety .