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The aim of this study was to evaluate the single and combined effects of dietary probiotic with prebiotic on growth performance, non-specific immune response, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity fingerling (Sparidentex hasta). For this purpose, 425 individuals of sobaity fingerlings were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research Station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications (45 fish per each replication) in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0 (control group), 10^6 CFU probiotic per gram feed (treatment 1), 0.5 and 1 percent prebiotic plus10^6 CFU probiotic per gram feed (treatment 2 and 3) at 4.5 percent of body weight for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition, intestine, blood, plasma and mucus samples were collected. The obtained results indicated that dietary prebiotic and probiotic did not change growth performance, intestine bacterial flora and non-specific immune response of sobaity (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, plasma bactericidal activity of control group was significantly higher that treatment 3 (P < 0.05). Moisture and protein content of treatment 2 showed significant different compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that digestive enzymes activity including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase affected by administration of dietary prebiotic and probiotic (P < 0.05). Overall, this study showed that single supplementation of probiotic and combination with prebiotic at the used amounts had no positive effects on growth performance and intestine bacterial flora and immune response (except plasma bactericidal activity) of sobaity but improve digestive enzymes activity.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing Dunaliella salina algae by agricultural by-products (wheat bran, rice bran and wheat/rice bran) and probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus on digestive enzymes activity of Artemia franciscana in a 17-day period post hatch. The study was a 4×2 factorial experiment carried out as a completely randomized design trial consisting of different dietary treatments (combinations of various substitution levels of Dunaliella salina by wheat bran, rice bran and wheat/rice bran along with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus). All treatments were performed in triplicates. At the end of the trial, digestive enzymes activity was assayed. The results revealed that Artemia fed wheat bran without any dietary probiotic supplementation showed significantly higher amylase activity (2.06±0.3μmol maltose mg protein-1 min-1) (p

This research was performed to introduce a standard protocol for enrichment of Artemia urmian with Canola oil. Artemia urmiana nauplii were enriched at three densities (50000, 100000 and 200000 nauplii L^-1) and three concentrations of Canola oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g L^-1). Their effects were evaluated on survival, total length and profile of fatty acids at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours after the onset of enrichment. Cysts of A.urmiana were hatched according to the standard method. A.urmiana nauplii were stocked at above densities in 7 L cylindrical containers. Canola oil emulsion was added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g L^-1 at the beginning and 12 hours after the onset of enrichment. The results of analysis showed that enrichment of A.urmiana with 0.3 g L^ -1 Canola oil at 100000 nauplii L^-1 for 18 hours was considered as the best treatment. Artemia nauplii enriched in this treatment had significantly higher levels of (n-3) PUFA and survival and minimum total length comparing to other treatments. The treatment had significantly higher levels of (n-6) PUFA than all treatments except treatment with a density of 50,000 nauplii L^-1 with 0.1 g L^-1 Canola oil for 18 hours.

The effects of using n-3 LC-PUFA -enriched Artemia nauplii and newly hatched Artemia on survival and resistance to pH stress in larvae of angel fish (Peterophylum scalar) were examined In tow 20 days period. In the first step of the experiment the larvae with an average weight of 0.86 ±0.03mg were fed with tow diets (enriched Artemia nauplii and newly hatched Artemia) for 20 days. At the end of the first step of the experiment, the significantly (p

HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids) content is one of the most important indices for determination of food value in fish larvae feeding. The HUFA has also an important role in fish larvae health, growth and survival. Because of this, enrichment methods for increasing of HUFA content in Artemia nauplii was developed. The aim of this study was to determine the impacts of dietary of fish and vegetable oil on Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchs mykiss, body composition. The experiments were carried out in six different treatments with three replicates for 2 weeks. The feeding treatments during the first 10 days included: 1) Commercial diet, 2) A. Urmiana nauplii enriched with fish oil, 3) A. urmiana nauplii enriched with Sunflower oil, 4) A. urmiana nauplii enriched with Canola oil, 5) A. urmiana nauplii enriched with Soybean oil, 6) Newly hatched un-enriched A. urmiana nauplii. The highest concentrations of fatty acids in diet were oleic, palmitotic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearic acid, while in larvae tissue of trout in all treatments were oleic, linolenic, linoleic, stearic and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] in contrast with docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] in the Commercial diet were significantly reduced (P

Chronic stresses can influence the behavioral and physiological activities of animals and can lead to reduction of resistance against disease and decrease in growth rate and production.Artemianauplii enriched with essential nutrients particularly fatty acids have been used to promote growth, survival and resistance of different species of aquatic animals to various environmental stresses as well as infectious diseases. In this study we investigated the resistance to environmental stress (temperature, salinity and hypoxi) in larvae of rainbow trout fed Artemianauplii enriched with vegetable oils. The experiment was carried out in 6 triplicate treatments for a period of 10 days. The feeding treatments included: 1) commercial starter feed for trout (Control) 2) Artemianauplii enriched with fish oil, 3) Artemianauplii enriched with sunflower oil, 4) Artemianauplii enriched with canola oil, 5) Artemianauplii enriched with soybean oil and 6) newly hatched nauplli of Artemia. The results showed significant differences in tolerance of fish larvae to high temperature (20 and 25°C), hypoxia stress (5 ppm) and salinity stress (10, 15 and 20 mg.l-1) among different groups. Highest survival to all experimental stresses (except in one case) was observed in larvae fed Artemianauplii enriched with canola oil compared to those fed control diet ( p

Due to the importance of adult Artemia in aquaculture, information regarding the digestive enzyme activities variation with inexpensive diets has great importance in Artemia at different life stages. In this study, the effect of different inexpensive diets on digestive enzyme activities, including trypsin, amylse and lipase of Artemia urmiana was investigated in different life stages. The experiment was carried out with 5 treatments and each with 2 replicates over 15 days using 5 diets (wheat meal, common carp diet, soy meal, a mixture of soy meal and canola meal (compound diet 1) and a mixture of soy meal and wheat meal (compound diet 2) in a completely random design. Nauplii were introduced to their cultivation environments after hatching and the digestive enzyme activities were measured in days 5, 10 and 15 of the experiment. Positive and significant correlation were observed between the crude protein content of the diets and trypsin activity (0.74), the carbohydrate content of the diets and amylase activity (0.49), and crude fat content of the diets and lipase activity (0.84). The activities of all enzymes were increased with the Artemia development in this study. During the experimental period, the trypsin, activities were increased in all treatments with the exception of wheat meal treatment, amylase activities were increased in all treatments and lipase activities were increased in all treatments with the exception of common carp diet and wheat meal treatments. Digestive enzyme activities were affected by the diets and Artemia life stages. Regarding the increasing digestive enzyme activities until adult stage in Artemia urmiana, using adult Artemia urmiana decreases pressure on resources of Artemia cyst and nauplii in natural environments. In addition, this condition may result in more economic returns and better quality of adult Artemia compared to its cyst and nauplii.

Regarding to effectivness of Artemia in survival and growth of various aquatic animals larval stages, .... Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

High mortality frequently occurs in larval mass production of Persian sturgeon fish, Acipenser persicus. Nutritional deficiencies in live food, Artemia urmiana nauplii, fed to larvae could be a reason. A series of experiments was carried out to evaluate the effects of nutritional enrichment of Artemia by oils in different concentrations with or without different levels of vitamin C during two enrichment periods (12 and 24h) on survival, growth rate and salinity tolerance in Persian sturgeon larvae reared in tanks after 20 days. Four types of oils (ICES30/4, sturgeon ovary, cod liver, and linseed oils) were evaluated. HUFA oil source with or without vitamin C did not affect the growth rate of Persian sturgeon larvae. Nevertheless, survival rates and chemical compositions were significantly improved (P

High mortality frequently occurs in larval mass production of Persian sturgeon fish, Acipenser persicus. Nutritional deficiencies in live food, Artemia urmiana nauplii, fed to larvae could be a reason. A series of experiments was carried out to evaluate the effects of nutritional enrichment of Artemia by oils in different concentrations with or without different levels of vitamin C during two enrichment periods (12 and 24h) on survival, growth rate and salinity tolerance in Persian sturgeon larvae reared in tanks after 20 days. Four types of oils (ICES30/4, sturgeon ovary, cod liver, and linseed oils) were evaluated. HUFA oil source with or without vitamin C did not affect the growth rate of Persian sturgeon larvae. Nevertheless, survival rates and chemical compositions were significantly improved (P

The nutritional quality of commercially available Artemia strains is relatively poor in Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Arachidonic acid (ARA) and especially Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Hence, it is essential and common practice to enrich this live prey with emulsions of special oils. One commercial ICES30/4 (Belgium), Linseed oil as a vegetable oil, Cod liver oil and Sturgeon ovary oil as two animal oils with EPA amounts in these oils were 6.29, 0.03, 11.39, 7.55 and the DHA amounts were 20.90, 0.00, 7.64, 2.76 respectively with three concentrations (100, 200 and 300ppm) during two enrichment periods (12 and 24h) were tested in order to improve the HUFA content, the DHA/EPA ratio and ARA content of Artemia urmiana nauplii. The results showed that Artemia enriched with different levels of vegetable oil and enrichment periods was poor in relation to either HUFA content or DHA/EPA ratio but the fish oils and emulsion resulted in HUFA incorporation. Sturgeon ovary oil caused the poorest DHA/EPA ratio enrichment (0.40 in 300ppm-24h) but the commercial emulsion (ICES30/4) was found as the best for DHA/EPA ratio enrichment (1.20 in 300 ppm- 24h). Cod liver oil (0.53 in 100ppm-24h) can be a good internal source substitute for improving the DHA/EPA ratio enrichment compared to ICES30/4 due to price and availability. As a result, HUFA content was increased with enrichment level 200ppm during 24h. Also, all oil sources improved lipid and protein percentages in A. urmiana nauplii.

The pupose of the present study was morphological characterization of different Artemia populations from Iran...... Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The brine shrimp Artemia is a tiny crustacean of the class branchiopoda,...... Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

UrmiaLake which is situated in the north est of Iran considrerd as the largest habitate of Artemia in the world...... Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published