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The reduction of profit margins and the disappearance of past competitive advantages have pushed companies in Petrochemical industries toward innovation by utilizing digital capabilities. This necessitates the establishment of a strategic alignment between digital capabilities and innovation strategies and decisions. This research aims to examine the dimensions of alignment between digital capability variables and innovation strategies and create a framework for its assessment. Initially, by reviewing the background of studies, a framework for assessing each of the variables was developed. Subsequently, a questionnaire for confirmatory structural analysis of the identified concepts and dimensions was formulated. This questionnaire was completed by 99 experts in innovation management, digital technologies in the industry, and academia. As a result, it was determined that to assess the level of alignment between digital capabilities and innovation strategies, creating digital value and digital innovation processes for innovation strategies, digital innovation infrastructure and digital innovation capabilities for digital capabilities, and complementarity, balance, and coordination for alignment were considered as assessment dimensions of the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In many companies, it is possible to see the low alignment of marketing and business strategies. This defect leads to problems in business development, product sales, and failure to achieve the designed goals and plans. Based on the importance of the subject, the current research seeks to identify the antecedents of the alignment of marketing strategies and business strategies at the business-to-business level in knowledge-based businesses. Method: In this research, a qualitative analysis of the interviews of 10 experts and executive managers in the field of knowledge-based businesses was done. These people were selected purposefully and collected data through in-depth interviews. After data analysis, 215 initial codes were extracted and 34 organizing themes and 10 comprehensive themes were obtained from these codes. Findings: The findings of this research indicate that the antecedents of the alignment of marketing and business strategies at the interenterprise level in knowledge-based businesses include 10 comprehensive themes including communication-information integration, efficiency, and human capital empowerment. Strategic pronunciation, strategic thinking, customer value management, structural-management efficiency and coherence, strategic leadership, processoperational agility, competitive intelligence, and supporting resources. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it was determined that knowledge-based companies should know that before anything and any kind of action to align the stated antecedents, the conditions of the company should be examined and the competitors and the environment should be fully analyzed and understood, and the necessary preparations for Provide alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:Assessing the alignment or posture of the spine is one of the important stages of the examination in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, such as head and cervical spine pain. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the alignment or posture of the head and cervical vertebrae in male and female students.Methods:The research was a cross-sectional study in which 175 male and female students studying at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were investigated using a convenience sampling method. Analysis of the alignment of the head and cervical vertebrae was performed in static and dynamic positions in the sagittal plane, in a sitting position. The photographic method was used to evaluate the alignment. An independent sample t-test was applied to statistical analysis.Results:In this study, 100 female and 75 male students were examined. The age range of the participants was 18 to 27 years. In the static sitting position, the difference in the lower cervical angle and cervical deviation in the neutral position of the head and neck between the male and females was significant (p

The reduction of profit margins and the disappearance of past competitive advantages have pushed companies in Petrochemical industries toward innovation by utilizing digital capabilities. This necessitates the establishment of a strategic alignment between digital capabilities and innovation strategies and decisions. This research aims to examine the dimensions of alignment between digital capability variables and innovation strategies and create a framework for its assessment. Initially, by reviewing the background of studies, a framework for assessing each of the variables was developed. Subsequently, a questionnaire for confirmatory structural analysis of the identified concepts and dimensions was formulated. This questionnaire was completed by 99 experts in innovation management, digital technologies in the industry, and academia. As a result, it was determined that to assess the level of alignment between digital capabilities and innovation strategies, creating digital value and digital innovation processes for innovation strategies, digital innovation infrastructure and digital innovation capabilities for digital capabilities, and complementarity, balance, and coordination for alignment were considered as assessment dimensions of the variables.

The fertility of female cows is the main factor for the survival of dairy farming. This study was performed to determine the differentially expressed genes in fertility in Holstein cows using phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Corpus luteum samples from 18 Holstein cows at up to two parturitions were used in two high and low fertility groups, three samples from each group were pooled together and a total of three biological samples from each were submitted for whole genome sequencing. The preparation and analysis steps were performed on the Galaxy 22.01 platform. DAVID (2021) database were used for gene ontology. The results of differential gene expression analysis in luteal tissue showed that 19 genes out of 13049 expressed transcripts had a significant difference in expression between high and low-fertility cows with an FDR-adjusted p-value (q-value) of less than 0.05. UBE3B, NIF3L1 and ORC2 genes were three functional marker genes that were more highly expressed in the corpus luteum of high-fertility cows. The UBE3B gene is involved in biological processes as a protein involved in the catabolic process of ubiquitin-dependent protein. NIF3L1 is involved in the biological process of neuronal differentiation, positive transcriptional regulation, DNA pattern, and negative transcriptional regulation by nucleic acid pattern. The ORC2 gene plays a role in the biological process of DNA replication. The genes KRT8, PHLDB3, PPT2, LOC787628, PPYR1, TOX, TP73, DHX8, KCNN1, CLEC6A, PXMP4, LRRC26, SLC34A3, and OR13C7 have been shown to be more highly expressed in the corpus luteum in low fertility cows. Among these genes, three genes PPT2, PPYR1 and CLEC6A were functional indicators. The loci UBE3B, NIF3L1 and ORC2, which were expressed more strongly in the corpus luteum of highly fertile cows, can be used as functional indicator genes in the genetic selection of dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to present a typology of alignment of the employee mistakes types’ and learning from them with the internal marketing approach. The authors review the literature and in-depth overview of the theoretical foundations in the area of employees' mistakes and how to learn from them with an internal marketing approach in organizations. And then, based on the mutual orientation of the internal marketing matrix and combining it with employee mistakes typologies have achieved an analytical framework. Finally, the Delphi method has been used to inform the opinions of the experts to measure the correctness of the framework. Experts who were human resource experts and scholars were selected by the Purposive sampling method. The findings showed that stretch and sloppy mistakes are in line with transactional marketing methods, in such a way that stretch mistakes with energising and sloppy mistakes are associated with code-breaking. On the other side, the aha-moment and high-stakes mistakes are in line with relational marketing methods, in such a way that there are aha-moment of diffusing and the high-stakes mistakes with authorising. Considering the findings of the consensus of the experts, it can be concluded that there is an alignment between different types of employee mistakes and internal marketing approaches.Introduction Employee mistakes should not be observed as events to be disregarded or unseen but as chances for creative learning. Such a direction is viewed to positively affect learning and act of and inside organizations (Harteis et al., 2008). According to the review of existing literature on people's mistakes and their role in the domestic market, it has been determined. Therefore, in this research, we try to strengthen the literature in this field. The aim of the current research is a typology of mistakes by examining internal issues. In the following, the theoretical literature of the research was carefully described, and the background of the research was made by examining the most up-to-date research and internal research related to the current research topic from reliable databases. Then, the current research methodology is discussed, and the findings and conclusions are presented. The research's main question is: Is there alignment between the types of mistakes of employees and internal stakeholders? Literature ReviewEmployee mistakes Palmer et al. (2010) describe a mistake as "actions of oversight or commission by individuals or groups of individuals, performance in their organization functions, that create surprising harmful consequences with an included social cost." Like this, employee mistakes can damage organizational performance (Naveh et al., 2015; Palmer et al., 2010). 2.1.1. Learning from MistakesMistakes are frequently recognized as an annoying side effect of human learning, though they can be a valuable experience resource empowering learning if acknowledged. We cannot learn from mistakes if we do not agree to take them (Kucharska, 2021). 2.1.1.1. Mistake ToleranceWhile organizations take success as confirmation of current organizational knowl-edge, defeats, and errors call it into question (Weinzimmer & Esken, 2017). Internal MarketingTo et al. (2015) described internal marketing as "observing employees as internal clients, seeing jobs as internal goods that satisfy the needs and wants of these clients while dealing with the organization's purposes." MethodologyThe current research method is one of the survey methods, the Delphi. Delphi is a systematic method or approach in research to collect opinions from a group of experts on a topic or a question.ResultsAccording to the results obtained from the literature review and the consensus of the experts, it was found that stretching and sloppy mistakes are aligned with transactional marketing methods; in this way, stretching mistakes are aligned with energetic learning and sloppy mistakes with decoding learning. On the other hand, it was found that momentary and risky mistakes are aligned with relational marketing methods; In this way, momentary mistakes are aligned with distributed learning, and high-risk mistakes with empowerment-based learning. These cases are summarized in the table below . Discussion A learning-centric culture of mistakes tolerance might not rise in those organizations which induce staff to shirk or even hide errors. In order to finally start a learning procedure, the acting individual has to experience concern for the event. Many events are considered errors (Harteis et al., 2008). Alsinnovativeart learning from errors is one of the important belongings of innovative organizations (Khorakian & Jahangir, 2018). In the present research, the Delphi working group was held in two rounds to reach a consensus. In the first round, the respondents scored the items based on their agreement or disagreement with them, and in the second round, they revised their opinion based on the average of the opinions of the first round. The results of the experts' consensus at the end of the second round are reported below.Conclusion According to the consensus of experts, there is an alignment between different types of employee mistakes and internal marketing. Based on the results, it is suggested that organizations use the internal marketing approach to allow their employees to make mistakes and welcome their mistakes by creating a culture of acceptance of mistakes and by using relational and transactional internal marketing methods (according to the type of mistake) Creating a space to facilitate learning from mistakes.Discussion and Resultswe identified and prioritized the consequences of BD in 7 major Category including: 1-process 2-people 3-product 4-physical evidence 5-promotion 6-place 7-price. And Challenges of BD in 4 Category including: 1- Ethical and privacy issues 2- Management and financial issues 3- Technological, human and organizational challenges 4- Data reliability and data accessConclusionsOn the demand side, there has been a massive transformation in consumer behaviour. Consumers have become more experienced, independent and irrational due to changes in their values, lifestyles and demographic patterns. This has forced the supply side to shift from mass marketing to personalized marketing through the rules of market segmentation. The production process has also become more consumer centric. Furthermore, as a sign of a new era in ICTs, concepts such as big data, IoT and AI have recently gained significant importance in many sectors because the developments in ICTs have accelerated worldwide. Tourism is one of the important fields that use these concepts and will also be influenced to a great extent. Such changes will occur in the “P”s of tourism and hospitality marketing on the supply side and consumer behaviour on the demand side. As for the retransformation of tourism and hospitality marketing, new forms of “P”s can be explained as below: First, tourism products and services will be redesigned with the help of ICTs. Products and services will become more destination-oriented and smart destinations will be the core of tourism products and services. Second, the ability to use information technology and develop more technology-oriented products and services will be an indicator of pricing and value. Third, the place where all purchasing and transactions to be handled will become much more virtual. Finally, the promotion will also be more virtual-centric, where consumer decision-making can be influenced by the experience of other consumer peers and more personalized communication channels will be part of online or virtual marketing.

This study aims to provide a model of value-creating defense supply chain management with the approach of creating a competitive advantage. In this qualitative approach study based on grounded theory method, 15 people were selected from among senior managers and officials of the supply chain in the food industry and academic experts by purposeful snowball sampling. Data collected through library studies and semi-structured interviews. Data analyzed in three stages: open, central and selective coding. Findings show the 5 factors providing the value-creating supply chain model with the approach of creating a competitive advantage: 1) causal conditions (internal and external coordination, production and distribution management, creative and value-creating organizational culture, capabilities human resources and IT infrastructures and capabilities); 2) background conditions (information assets, management of relationships with main stakeholders, capabilities of the supply chain, integration of the supply chain, continuous monitoring of the market, customers and suppliers, and innovation management, R&D); 3) interfering conditions (customer pressure); 4) Strategies (information flow management in the supply chain, responsiveness of the supply chain, flexibility in supply and procurement, knowledge management in the supply chain, cash flow management in the supply chain and waste management); and 5) consequences (competitiveness of the supply chain, supply chain flexibility and supply chain resilience). Food and foodstuffs, such as ammunition, play a vital role during military operations and missions. It plays an essential role in maintaining the strength of the troops and continuing their mission. It is necessary for the organization to be active and dynamic in preparing, supplying, maintaining and distributing preparatory and combat equipment, including food. For this purpose, it is necessary to have the basic structure, organization and facilities for the preparation, supply, storage and distribution of food, in other words, a value-creating supply chain management model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The alignment of marketing and business strategy and their relationship with the organization’s financial performance are research domains which are still investigated despite having a long history. This is due to the different aspects of the topic and the different results in various organizational contexts and time periods. Although marketing and business plans are similar, there are differences between their characteristics. The present study attempted to analyze the relationship between the alignment of marketing and business strategies with the organization’s financial performance in a five-year period from 2014 to 2018 in a group of companies registered in Tehran Stock Exchange.Methodology: The configuration theory in strategic management was used to develop the conceptual model. The marketing strategy was divided into the configurations of aggressive, mass, minimizer, and value-related, and the business strategy was divided into the four configurations of prospector, low cost defenders, differentiated defenders, and analyzers. Research hypotheses involved the relationship between the combination of configurations and the organization’s financial performance. One of the well-known tools for identifying marketing strategy is the self-typing paragraph approach. The Miles framework was used to identify the business strategy. To measure the performance, a questionnaire was used with six factors including sales growth volume, market share status, net profit growth status per share, operating profit margin status, net profit margin, and P/E ratio. The list of the Iranian stock exchange companies was used to select the companies. These companies were filtered based on three conditions. The first condition was the existence of an independent marketing department in these companies, the second condition was the existence of a competitive or semi-competitive environment, and the third condition was the companies’ lack of a joint venture investor. Thus, 108 companies cooperated with the research. First, marketing and business strategies and organization’s financial performance were identified. Then, the companies were divided into two groups including aligned and non-aligned groups. After that, the mean test was used for the statistical comparison of the performance of the aligned and non-aligned states.Results and Discussion: As the results revealed, the mean performance of the aligned states significantly differed from that of the non-aligned states. In the field of marketing strategy, the post hoc test showed that the mean performance of the aggressive strategy was higher than in other strategies. The value-related and mass strategies had a higher mean performance than the minimizer strategies but were not different from each other. In the field of business strategy, the prospector strategy and the differentiated defenders had higher mean performances than the low-cost defenders and analyzer. In general, the statistical results rejected the equality of mean performance in different combinations of business and marketing strategy.According to the research findings, four bodies were identified. The first body was the combination of the low-cost defenders with the minimizer strategy. In this body, the company's main focus was on maintaining the market share. These businesses reduce their risks by delaying the introduction of the product in the market until the product is established by others in the market. Adequate quality, low price and very wide distribution strategy are pursued by them. They generally focus on the product line and use the least amount of professional marketing staff. The second body was the combination of the differentiated defenders with the value-related strategy. In this body, the ratio of operating profit to sales was high. Also, the integrated chain of communication with customers was active, and the company used a relatively conservative and somewhat risky approach to activities. The company paid only some attention to market share and focused on maintaining the market. The company paid attention to capacity building, as compared to its competitors, and implemented the market-product strategy. The company considered its marketing strategy combination to be innovative, and high-quality products and the main value were in close relationship with the customer. They conducted mediocre marketing research and generally demanded a fair price. Their distribution strategy was somewhat selective, and they used moderate advertisement. In fact, the focus was on customer orientation, and there was a tendency for niches markets. The Third body was the combination of the analyzers with the mass marketing strategy. In this body, the ratio of the operating profit to sales was high. Also, an integrated chain of communication with customers and suppliers was active, and the company used a relatively conservative view. The company paid some attention to market share and focused on maintaining the market. There was a lot of focus on market-product strategy, but serious attention was also paid to cost reduction. The company was dominated by the engineering-oriented view. An extensive data analysis was performed every day for optimal decision making and long-term planning. These businesses generally produce high-quality products that follow market innovation and use very wide distribution channels. The fourth body was the combination of the prospectors with the aggressive strategy. In this body, the operating profit margin was taken into consideration, the integrated chain of communication with the customers and suppliers was active, and the company used a very risky view. The company paid serious attention to the market share. It was a leader in terms of innovation, diversity and capacity development, compared to its competitors, and fully implements the market-product strategy. The development of new markets was a priority and the company had an entrepreneurial outlook. These businesses usually produce innovative and high-quality products, and have a very close relationship with the customer and conduct a very extensive marketing research. This research is done to identify and encourage market segments where buyers tend to pay high prices. Buyers in these markets are selected with a selective distribution strategy and are contacted with through intense and focused advertising.Conclusion: These results indicate the proximity of marketing and business strategies and the direct effect of marketing strategy on the organization’s performance. The research contributes to managers’ knowledge of successful and high-performance alignments. Therefore, organizations can intensify marketing activities and reinforce their alignment skills.

The alignment of knowledge and business strategies in the era of globalization, due to the ever-increasing amount of chaos, instability and increasing complexity of the global environment, is one of the most important challenges of the organization. Paying attention to the process of alignment is a very important step in successful implementation of strategies and achieving goals. This study aims to discover and build network and map of the themes of alignment of knowledge and business strategies based on the theory of activity domain in an Iranian organizational university. To this end, directed qualitative content analysis in 12 steps was used to answer the research questions. The results show that four capabilities (academic, physical, character and special) are needed to meet the strategic intellectual needs of the organizational university. By using 6 modalities of spatialization, temporalization, stabilization, mediation, contextualization and transition of a common understanding or communal meaning about the organization's knowledge resources and capabilities and strategic intellectual needs, operational alignment is created. It is concluded that the alignment of knowledge and business strategies in organizational universities can be operationalized on the basis of a common framework called activity domain. To achieve organizational goals, adopting a suitable approach for alignment is very important and can lead to success and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage for the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide a model for aligning IT and business strategy in order to improve performance in the banking system. This research is based on empirical philosophy and has been done by deductiveinductive method. The present study is a fundamental research in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, is among the survey research. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research, so it is a mixed research. The statistical population of this article includes experienced professors and experts in the management of Bank Mellat. The snowball method was used for sampling. Finally, 11 qualified experts participated in this study. In this research, the meta-combined method has been used to identify the underlying categories of performance management. Also, using interpretive-structural modeling, an alignment model of IT and business strategy to improve banking performance has been presented. Introduction Strategic alignment is at the heart of strategic management literature, because maintaining such balance with the organization's priorities increases the organization's ability to respond to environmental pressures. Many studies have been conducted on how to create alignment between organizational strategies and information technology, but no scientific research has been conducted specifically in relation to Iran's banking system. Case Study In recent years, performance management has been considered as a key activity and an essential factor in the success of the banking system. The present research is aimed at identifying and recognizing the effective factors in aligning the information technology and business strategies in order to improve performance in the Iranian banking system and specifically in Bank Mellat. Materials and Methods A mixed method approach (which involves the mixing of both quantitative and qualitative research methods) is used in the present study. In the qualitative part of the study, the data was gathered through a meta-synthesis technique. After determining the categories using the meta-synthesis technique, a questionnaire was developed based on Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The statistical population includes experts and experienced managers of Bank Mellat. 11 participants were chosen through applying the snowball sampling method. Discussion and Results The categories and subcategories of the research were identified through coding the texts of the selected internal and external studies and articles and removing the synonymous and frequent items. As a result, the pattern of information technology and business strategies alignment in Iran's banking system was extracted, and then the structures of the desired pattern were tested in relation with the case study (Bank Mellat). The results indicate that the structures constituting the pattern of information technology and business strategies alignment used to improve the performance of the banking system of Iran are as follows: Business strategies, banking processes, information technology strategies, information technology infrastructures, quality of banking services, banking performance Conclusion In this research, a pattern of information technology and business strategies alignment in line with the performance of Iran's banking system was extracted. The results indicated that information technology and banking business increase the quality of banking services through strategic alignment. Increasing the quality of banking services also leads to the improvement of banking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Ferula pseudalliacea is a perennial and monocarpic plant species belonging to Apiaceae family. This species is distributed from Middle Asia to Northern Europe. The main secondary metabolites present in Ferula genus comprise coumarins, sesquiterpene coumarins and di-sesquiterpene coumarins. Phenylpropanoid pathway is mainly responsible for biosynthesis of these valuable phytochemicals. Cynamate-4-hydrolxylase (C4H) is one of the main and key enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway. Therefore, there is no genomic or transcriptomic information in Ferula pseudalliacea and as the first report, we aimed to clone and sequence C4H and its expression analysis in root, stem, leaf, inflorescence and immature seed in this valuable medicinal plant species. Materials and Methods: Different organs of F. pseudalliacea were collected from Gazne village near Sanandaj city in June 2019. RNA was extracted from collected organs using LiCl method. cDNA was synthesized using Yekta Tajihz Azmia kit in 20 µl reactions. PCR products amplified with primer designed from conserved regions of C4H among apiaceous species and it was then cloned within pTG19. The verified recombinant plasmid were send for Applied Biosystem company for sequencing. To confirm and asses the expression of C4H, both Real-Time PCR and semi-quantitative PCR were employed. The phylogenetic tree of C4H was obtained using Omega software based on the Neighbor-Joining method with bootstrap 1000 for amino acid sequence. Results: The obtained sequences from C4H clones was aligned and verified using BlastX. In the resulted dendrogram, C4H sequence from F. pseudalliacea was grouped with C4H gene from other species within Apiaceae family showing their clos relationship. The highest sequence identity was observed with C4H from Daucus carota which was fallen in same cluster with C4H from F. pseudalliacea. It is shown that C4H has 7 motifs one of this motifs belongs to conserved motif cytochrome-cysteine 450 with FGVGRRSCPG sequence. Conclusion: As the seconf most important gene in phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, C4H plays an undeniable role in production of phenolic phytochemicals in particular in inflorescence which had the highest C4H expression rate. Studies performed on the C4H expression in other species revealed a specific action of C4H in biosynthesis of special secondary metabolites in specific tissue. As the phenolic compounds encompass a diverse range of secondary metabolites in forms of volatile and extracts, further investigations are needed to understand the exact role of C4H enzyme. Moreover, the identified gene sequence can be sued in production of recombinant constituents in other species which have the corresponding precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), as the most abundant mutual symbiotic association between fungi and plants in the soil, are of great ecological and economic importance. The present study aimed to identify AMF species associated with different plant roots based on morphological and molecular characteristics of ß-tubulin gene sequences of collected samples in Raviz and Daveran regions of Rafsanjan city. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from the rhizosphere of different plants and AMF spores were isolated from the soil samples using the wet sieve method. The identification was performed based on morphological characteristics of the spores such as the color, shape, surface ornamentation, size, wall structure as well as characterization of the spores in water. The DNA of the fungi was extracted from single spores and partial sequences of ß-tubulin gene were amplified by three nestedPCR using appropriate primers. The PCR products of the selected samples were sent for Sanger sequencing. The phylogenetic relationship of the selected sequences with other available isolates in GenBank was analyzed using the Maximum likelihood method. Results: Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequence of ß-tubulin gene, the following species were detected: Funneliformis mosseae, Funneliformis coronatum, Gigaspora gigantean, Scutellospora calospora, andSeptoglomus constrictum. F. mosseae followed by F. coronatum were recognized as the dominant species in the present study. Discussion and conclusion: The partial sequence of ß-tubulin gene was well separated from the studied orders, families, and genera of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. All the identified species in this study were placed in the expected taxonomic level. The results of the molecular analysis confirmed the classification of species based on morphological characterization.

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the intonation pattern of Kashani utterances with broad, narrow, and contrastive focuses on different syntactic structures, which were obtained by changing the order of verbs, subjects, and objects. Our data included 4 sentences produced in 3 syntactic structures with a broad focus, 1 syntactic structure with a narrow focus, and 1 syntactic structure with a contrastive focus produced by 16 speakers (8 males and 8 females) from Kashan City. The data were recorded in an anechoic chamber with the sampling frequency of 22050 Hz. A total of 320 utterances (4 sentences × 5 cases × 16 speakers) were annotated in the 2 tiers of tone and phone by using Praat software. The fundamental frequency (F0) of each word was measured at 5 intervals. After the average value of F0 was calculated for each word, their pitch contours were drawn. The results showed that the pitch contours of unmarked Kashani utterances followed a falling pattern. Moreover, the pitch contours were sensitive to the position of each verb as the sentence nucleus. "Verb" was the last constituent that received the pitch accent in a sentence, while it de-accented the constituents coming after it. Finally, the focal constituents appeared at the end of the sentences with narrow or contrastive focuses. These constituents had high prominence and amplitude compared to the other constituents in the sentences. In addition, alignment of the accent peaks in all the accented syllables corresponded to the vowels of the next syllables. The results of this research could be helpful in understanding the typologies of languages and dialects and identifying speakers of varied dialects.Keywords: Intonation pattern, Information structure, Focus, Fundamental frequency, Alignment, Kashani dialect IntroductionThe present paper investigated the intonation patterns of Kashani utterances in different syntactic structures with varied types of focuses. The study was based on the principles of Autosegmental-Metrical (AM) phonology. In this approach, the intonation structure of speech is represented as the sequence of the two tones of L (low tone) and H (high tone) in a separate layer.Pitch accent marks prominence of a particular constituent compared to the other constituents of a sentence, which can be placed merely on the accentuated syllable in a word (Bijankhan, 2013: 11). The stressed syllable is predictable. In other words, the lexical stress of a word is an abstract concept with a predetermined position. According to Bijankhan (2013), Eslami (2005), and Sadeghi (2018), lexical stress occurs on the final syllable in Persian words. On the other hand, placement of the pitch accent is tied to sentence intonation. It can occur to any constituents that the speaker decides to highlight.Brown and Ladd (2003) believed that a nuclear pitch accent is the last pitch accent in a phrase and carries the main information. In other words, they believed that any other constituents coming after the nucleus lack the pitch accent. Sadeghi (2018) proved this to be applicable to Standard Persian. He showed that all the constituents become de-accented after the nucleus. Thus, any constituents coming after the verb become de-accented regardless of their types. Therefore, verb position can affect the intonation structure of a sentence.The focus on the information structure makes the part carrying new information. The part containing old information is called the ground (Lambercht, 1994; Halliday, 1967). Sadeghi (2018) demonstrated that focus and ground are usually distinguished based on their preceding linguistic context. This can be the case in question/answer pairs as well. Sentence intonation pattern, pitch accent of constituents, and pitch accent position are determined by word order, sentence type, and speaker’s intention to highlight a specific part of a sentence. Therefore, variation in the intonation pattern of a sentence can be observed via the sentence information structure. Pitch accent plays an important role in investigating the sentence information structure and identifying the focus.The present paper aimed to answer the following questions:What are the intonation patterns of Kashani utterances with a broad focus and unmarked word order, i.e., SOV?How does the position of the verb as a sentence nucleus affect the pitch contour of adjacent constituents in Kashani utterances with a broad focus?How do focal constituents with narrow and contrastive focuses affect the pitch contour of their adjacent constituents? Materials and MethodsThe stimuli included 5 syntactic structures with different focus types: 3 structures with a broad focus, 1 structure with a narrow focus, and 1 structure with a contrastive focus. Each syntactic structure was represented with 4 sentences. Therefore, a total number of 20 target sentences (5 cases × 4 sentences) were recorded from 8 male and 8 female Kashani speakers with an average age of 26.8 years. The recordings were made in an anechoic chamber at the Phonetics Laboratory of Alzahra University at the sampling frequency of 22050 Hz. The final data consisted of 320 utterances (5 cases × 16 speakers × 4 sentences).The data were manually labeled in the 3 layers of phonetic chain, intonation boundary, and syllable by using Praat software, version 6.0.52 (May 2, 2019). To observe and evaluate changes in F0 values, we measured its values at the beginning of the target word, beginning of the accented syllable, end of the accented syllable, beginning of the vowel of the syllable after the accented syllable, and end of a word in each sentence. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsAccording to the results, the pitch accents of all the constituents in the utterances with the broad focus and SOV syntactic structure remained unchanged. Moreover, the unmarked Kashani utterances showed a falling pitch contour similar to their counterparts in Standard Persian. However, the pitch contours in the other syntactic structures with the broad focus revealed different patterns depending on the syntactic structure and, more specifically, the verb position in the sentence. This indicated that the word order in Kashani dialect could affect the general intonation patterns depending on verb position at the sentence level.The findings of the present study are in line with the results obtained by Sadeghi (2018) for Standard Persian. His findings demonstrated that focus could extend the pitch range. He also found that focus could cause the pick to occur earlier to the focal constituent and make the post-focal constituents de-accented. Moreover, our findings showed that the parameters of alignment and pitch range in Kashani dialect as in Standard Persian acted categorically for distinguishing between the focal and non-focal constituents. These results are also in accordance with those achieved by Smilijanic (2004), Xu & Xu (2005), Manolescu et al. (2009), Wang & Xu (2011), and Vanrell et al. (2013) for Croatian, English, Romanian, Spanish, and Chinese languages, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the current research are congruent with those obtained for Catalan (Vanrell et al., 2013), Italian (Fivela, 2002), Korean (Jun & Lee, 1998), and German (Féry & Kügler, 2008) languages regarding the effects of focus on the occurrence timing of prosodies and occurrence of timely and late picks.

Purpose: The purpose of this pathology study is alignment of employment and self-sufficiency area of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee with new policies and providing solutions. Methodology: Study is practical in view of purpose and according to collection data method is descriptive survey. After study of literature and interview with scientific and executive experts, collected the information and tested the hypotheses conceptual model and final hypotheses of the edited research and with questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study have been included all staff area of employment all over the country and the bosses of half of the offices of the township Relief Committee to 1800 people. The validity of questionnaire with approval of the opinion of experts at the area of employment of the centeral office and so, the reliability questionnaire have confiremed with Cronbach Alpha, 0/946. In order to measurement of alignment gap and investigate pathology hypothesizes with one sample T-test and for investigate the gap each of the dimensions have used with comparison of the mean in the two current and ideal situation and in order to rank the effectiveness of Friedman test. In order to test the research hypotheses, the hypotheses were tested by Amos software. Findings: Content factors, environmental factors and structural factors also have significant effect on alignment. So, There is significant gap between the current situation and the favorable situation of employees in the field of employment and self-sufficiency and the three factors mentioned. According to the results of Friedman test, content factors with the most impact and structural factors with the least impact are ranked. Originality/Value: Undoubtedly, the policies and strategies of an organization will be effective when there is a balance between the policymaker and the planner and the executive body and or according to the common interpretation, alignment and coordination of the master class is a necessary condition and a prerequisite for the success of the organization in achieving its goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted with the purpose of extracting the educational requirements of childhood from Islamic texts and psychology. The main question was this: What are the most important educational strategies and solutions consistent with the changes and characteristics of childhood? This study applied a descriptive-analytical and Ijtihadi methodology. By searching in Islamic teachings and psychological-educational teachings, the most educational requirements of childhood are as follows: 1. Intimate and emotional relationship with children. 2. Relationship based on games and storytelling. 3. Cognitive responsiveness consistent with children's understanding. 4. Alignment of contents with children's psychological change. 5. Observance of the principle of graduation. 6. Relationship style based on cognitive and emotional change. 7. Taking advantage of pattern learning. 8. Simplification of messages and making use of step-by-step and gradual education in educating children.

The flowering process in plants proceeds through the induction of an inflorescence meristem triggered by several pathways. Many of the genes associated with these pathways encode transcription factors of the MADS domain family. The MADS-domain transcription factor APETALA1 (AP1) is a key regulator of flower development. The first step to understand the molecular mechanisms under the function of each gene in a plant is identification, sequencing and phylogeny analysis of that gene. For this purpose, total RNA was isolated from flower bud of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and was used for cDNA synthesis. The specific primers were designed based on nucleotide sequence alignment of AP1 homologus genes from plants of the same family Brassicaceae and were used in RT-PCR. After observing its electrophoretic pattern and ensuring the quality of PCR product, the amplicon was sent for sequencing. After receiving the results of sequencing, the sequence examined with BLAST, MUSCLE, Gene Runner and MEGA6 softwares. The results indicated amplification of 787 nucleotides fragment that named LsAP1 and was recorded by accession number KP070728 in NCBI database. The studies show high similarity and overlapping of gene bank sequences with LsAP1 illative protein. According to these results, LsAP1 may play a similar role as AP1 in flower induction and could act as a flower meristem identity gene in Lepidium sativum L.

This study aimed to investigate the intonation pattern of Kashani utterances with broad, narrow, and contrastive focuses on different syntactic structures, which were obtained by changing the order of verbs, subjects, and objects. Our data included 4 sentences produced in 3 syntactic structures with a broad focus, 1 syntactic structure with a narrow focus, and 1 syntactic structure with a contrastive focus produced by 16 speakers (8 males and 8 females) from Kashan City. The data were recorded in an anechoic chamber with the sampling frequency of 22050 Hz. A total of 320 utterances (4 sentences × 5 cases × 16 speakers) were annotated in the 2 tiers of tone and phone by using Praat software. The fundamental frequency (F0) of each word was measured at 5 intervals. After the average value of F0 was calculated for each word, their pitch contours were drawn. The results showed that the pitch contours of unmarked Kashani utterances followed a falling pattern. Moreover, the pitch contours were sensitive to the position of each verb as the sentence nucleus. "Verb" was the last constituent that received the pitch accent in a sentence, while it de-accented the constituents coming after it. Finally, the focal constituents appeared at the end of the sentences with narrow or contrastive focuses. These constituents had high prominence and amplitude compared to the other constituents in the sentences. In addition, alignment of the accent peaks in all the accented syllables corresponded to the vowels of the next syllables. The results of this research could be helpful in understanding the typologies of languages and dialects and identifying speakers of varied dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Performance includes behaviors which are related to the objectives of an organization and are regulated on the basis of each individual skill. It helps managers to evaluate the fulfillment of each organization plans and strategic plans. The present study aimed at exploring the components of performance management in line with organization objectives. In doing so, a mixed research design was used. The qualitative were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 14 experts and the quantitative data were gathered through administering the researcher developed instrument among 504 employees working in banking industry, who were selected through random sampling. The qualitative data were analyzed through theme analysis technique. The quantitative data were analyzed through factor analysis. The results of the study showed that the components of performance management had acceptable internal consistency and high construct validity. Comprehensiveness of the model in a way that theoretical and practical applications for human resource management professionals and executives will bring organizations. Introduction In the present changing world, organizations and their jobs have characteristics such as uncertainty and unpredictability. These organizations and people working in them are under pressure from changes inside and outside the system. These variables are affected by various factors such as political and social instability, the evolution of procedures and organizational structures, as well as cultural and social changes. As a result, employees are often faced with emerging, unstable, unpredictable, and complex situations. Performance management as one of the management processes has a prominent role in helping to realize the goals and missions of the organization. Organizations are equipped by their own personnel and the adjusted goals will be accessible by the same human resources. Performance includes behaviors which are related to the objectives of an organization and are regulated on the basis of each individual skill. It helps managers to evaluate the fulfillment of each organization plans and strategic plans. The present study aimed at exploring the components of performance management in line with organization objectives. Case study:In the present study, employees from banking industry were selected. The participants were selected from 16 banks in Tehran city, Iran. The participants were 504 employees who were selected through convenience sampling procedure. Materials and Methods A mixed method research design was used. In the qualitative phase, the items of the questionnaire were developed through in-depth interviews with the participants. The interviews were contented analyzed and the items were extracted. In the quantitative phase which was used for testing the developed model, the researcher-developed questionnaire was used for collecting data. It consisted of four main components and 57 items which are measured on five-point- Likert scale. The questionnaire measures individual performance management, organizational performance management, alignment, and organizational goals. The construct validity of the questionnaire was estimated through running Structural Equation Modeling using Smart PLS3 software. Discussion and Results Results of the qualitative phase indicated that the model consists of four components: individual performance, organizational performance, alignment, and organizational objectives. Results of the quantitative phase shows that the model is valid. The relationship between the components of the model is significant that is individual performance and organization performance have significant on alignment as well as organizational goals. Conclusion In line with the findings it can be postulated that it is of much significance to develop an organizational carrier that guarantees the variables listed and encourages a comprehensive performance management system aligned with organizational goals. Accordingly, organizations and HR managers should pay more attention to the importance and role of individuals in the management performance process. Moreover, managers of organizations should pave the way for creativity and do whatever which might lead to greater learning and cooperation of the individual in the organization. It can also be argued that efficiency, ethics and judgmental power as individual variables that influence organizational performance should be strengthened.

Introduction: Dwarfism is one of the important traits in breeding of crops and horticulture plants. A dwarfing rootstock will produce trees with 15-50% of standard trees size. In modern intensive fruit tree orchards, dwarfing rootstocks are commonly used to reduce trees size, enabling high-density planting and easy management, thus achieving higher yield. Trees on dwarfing rootstocks can also exhibit other economically important traits, such as precocious flowering, increased yield and increased disease resistance. Dwarf rootstocks have been extensively studied and released in stone and pome fruits, because of presence of genetic materials and the simplicity of budding methods. Control of tree size using genetically dwarf rootstocks for achievement to higher density and mechanized orchard systems is now very important for walnut production in the world especially in Iran. Many different genes can be involved in appear of this. Mutations in GAI and PIP2 genes cause dwarf trait by two different mechanisms in some plant species. In this case, we study in silico analysis of GAI and PIP2 genes consist of conserved sequences and domains, exon and intron number, function of their proteins, targeting, secondary and tertiary structure, and post translational modification. Materials and methods: The GAI and PIP2 mRNA and protein sequences (FASTA format) belonging to 17 monocotyledon and dicotyledon were downloaded from NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) accessed, on September 2014. Several online web services and software were used for analysis of GAI and PIP2 mRNA and Proteins in plants. Comparative and bioinformatics analyses of PIP2 and GAI proteins were performed online at two websites NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nih.gov) and EXPASY (http://expasy.org/tools). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA; version 4) program and CLUSTAL-W with default parameters were used for multiple alignments of sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of GAI and PIP2 protein was done with MEGA from aligned sequences. The motifs of protein sequences were found using the program of T-COFEE at website (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/tcoffee/). The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method was used to designing the phylogenetic tree. The predicted exons and introns in mRNA sequences were done by http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html website. The secondary structure of proteins was predicted by PSIORED online on http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/psipred/. Prediction of 3D model of protein was performed using the 3D alignment of protein structure by BLASTp and PDB database as source. Also, targeting prediction of proteins was done online by TargetP at (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TargetP/) website. Results and discussion: In phylogenetic investigation among 17 different species, Walnut species evolutionary stand in dicotyledonous and woody plants by both of GAI and PIP2 genes and protein sequence clustering. By multiple alignments and investigation in conserved sequence of these genes in plant revealed that despite differences in cDNA length, there were very similarities in conserved region, secondary and tertiary structure. Protein analysis in the GAI gene family showed that the following domains including DELLA, TVHYNP, VHIID, RKVATYFGEALARR, AVNSVFELH, RVER, and SAW were conserved in this proteins. In secondary structure of protein, β-sheets and α-helixes specified by PSIPRED software for both of GAI and PIP2 proteins. GAI protein had 9 β-sheets and 15 α-helixes in its structure, also PIP2 protein had2 β-sheet (at 180-188 and 248-253) and 8 α-helixes. In comparison of 3D structure, walnut PIP2 protein was very similar to chain A of PIP2 protein of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and GAI protein of walnut was similar to B-subunit of Arabidopsis GAI protein with 48% similarity. The length of GAI protein was varied from 636 aa in Malus baccata var. xiaojinensis to 336 aa in Physcomitrella patens among species. In walnut, the length of GAI and PIP2 protein was 613 aa and 287 aa, respectively. PIP2 protein length was similar in different species among 257 aa in Triticum aestivum to 290 aa in Zea mays. By exon-intron and targeting analysis of sequence, it was found that GAI gene target was in nuclear and had just one exon without intron, and PIP2 gene in walnut had 4 exons and 3 introns with cell membrane targeting. In results, Tcoffee analysis revealed that PIP2 gene was very conserved across the evolution between plant species in compared with GAI gene. Conclusion: Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary relationships of GAI and PIP2 proteins. The results of the sequence alignment showed that GAI and PIP2 in walnut and other species have high homology with each other. After this analysis, we can have a good perspective about molecular situation of walnut GAI and PIP2 genes. Result of this study can be used for make relationship between growth, flowering, and water uptake characteristics of these plants and their protein sequences. Also this research gives good information for us if we want to clone these genes from Iranian genotypes.

Nowadays, with growing expansion of competition the major concern of managers is to response knowledge via knowledge management. Alignment is one of key practices in knowledge management. Hence, this research has examined the alignment of knowledge styles with knowledge management strategies. KM strategies is measured based on two dimensional model of human-oriented and system-oriented and its managerial styles are based on four dimensional model of socialization, extrapolation, combination and internalization. Meanwhile, alignment of KM strategies and styles are measures based on strategic reference points in Hall Matrix (2001). The present study is an applied one in terms of its purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive and non-experimental research. The statistical population of this research is all managers and senior experts of public sector agencies in Tehran. The findings of this research show that is an alignment between Passive Knowledge Management Strategy with Socialization, System-Oriented Strategy with Externalization, Human- oriented Strategy with Internalization and Dynamic Strategy with Combination style. By the way, this alignment leads to increase organizational performance.

In this paper the feasibility of rapid alignment and calibration of a static strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) is evaluated. Resting conditions including zero-velocity update and a known initial heading direction as virtual external measurement data are integrated with INS data. By comparing the virtual external measurements with the estimates of those generated by the aligning INS, estimates of the velocity and heading errors can be obtained and these errors will be propagated in the INS as a result of alignment inaccuracies. An extended Kalman filter based on an augmented process model and a measurement model is designed to estimate alignment attitudes and biases of inertial sensors. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the integration of INS with rest conditions is very effective in rapid and fine leveling and azimuth alignment of INS, but this type of data fusion due to poor acceleration and angular rates of static condition has no chance of valuable calibration of all inertial sensor biases.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of alignment of production staretgy and environment uncertainty to improve business performance. In this research, taxonomy of strategies create by grouping companies to clusters with common attributes bases on gestalt approach using Self-Organizing Map. outputs of cluster analysis and cluster validity indices in 247 companies in Iranian food industries indicate four strategic clusters of production strategy and four clusters of demand and supply uncertainty Efficiency Companies in environment with low demand and low supply uncertainty, risk-hedging Companies in environment with low demand and high supply uncertainty, responsive Companies in environment with high demand and low supply uncertainty and Companies with flexible Companies in environment with high demand and high supply uncertainty have higher business performance.

The alignment of IT and Business is one of the major issues for the Information Technology Managers and the senior managers in organizations. This article which is to study the rate of alignment of IT among the managers and engineers in manufacturing sections has been done in one of the biggest industrial districts in Iran, industrial district of Semnan. With the regard to the goal, this is an applicable study, and it is considered as a descriptive survey study regarding the data gathering. The statistics' samples were done by sampling randomly among a class, including 300 managers and engineers of manufacturing section. To gather the data, a self – made method, including 35 questions of 4 basic dimensions has been used. The reliability of tools through analyzing the discovering factor as KMO indicator can be used, that is 0.827 and 0.000 for Bartlett's Test emphasizing the test reliability. For stability, both Cronbach's Alpha was used that is 0.90 and for analyzing the data, the software of LISREL 8.80 structural model – finding was used. The results show that the most effective factor among the four basic components is the indicator of collaboration and contribution to business, and the least effect is on foresight. Moreover, among the sub variable realizing the capabilities and producing the opportunity is the most effective one.

Supposing that senior management has formulated an appropriate organizational strategy in the light of environmental analysis and strategic direction of an organization, there is still a key question regarding its successful implementation. East Azerbaijan Broadcasting has spent a lot of money and time to formulate its organization strategies, but at the implementation stage has faced serious barriers, and its strategies have not been put into practice yet. A literature review and a number of interviews were used to identify twenty three key contingency factors that influence successful implementation of strategy among public sector organizations. A survey was administered to 223 employees in East Azerbaijan Broadcasting. The data were analyzed using factor analysis. The study only explores the perceptions of employees regarding critical success factors for strategy implementation. The results indicate that organizational structure, organizational culture, managerial control, empowered human resource, adequate financial resource, rewarding system, and vertical alignment of strategic levels are the key factors to address factors influencing strategy implementation. The model explains 59 percent of the variance in strategy implementation, which is a suitable model in this regard.

The purpose of this Research is Developing a Theoretical Model for Alignment of Production, Marketing and Business strategies that to survey Conditions and factors of strategic alignment using Grounded Theory. For Developing the theoretical model of Alignment strategies we used Grounded Theory Research Method. The statistical community in this study consisted of middle and senior managers of three branch pishgaman kavir group over the years 1389-90. Data collection of this study is extensive literature survey, strategic Alignment researches and various structured and semi-structured interviews. Data collected were analyzed in software. The results of this study indicated that product represents the cornerstone for the strategy congruence in the company, being all strategies formulated around it and being the real linkage between marketing and manufacturing strategies. The output of marketing strategy and business strategy is related to the product and it works as an input for manufacturing in terms of product characteristics and production requirements.

In recent years, managing the interface between design and other activities has received considerable attention. Effective coordination among these areas is therefore vital for effectiveness of the organization. The ideal situation would be continuous interdepartmental contact with well-developed channels of communication. In this study, the best strategy for product design department has been chosen using the strategic formulation framework with fuzzy approach. Subsequently, alignment of each functional design strategy with SAPCO business strategies has been explained. Findings indicate that developing partnerships with global automotive and engineering design companies and building strategic alliances with rival firms to achieve competitive advantages have maximum alignment with business strategies. In addition, findings provide a basis for firms in evaluating the concurrent design strategies and a reference for them to strengthen their concurrent capabilities. There are few reports on sustained use of concurrent design as an on-going strategic process in an organization. This study aims at contributing to the concurrent design solutions.

Project portfolio management helps organizations to plan, evaluate, prioritize and select the projects as managerial new pattern. This pattern confirms achieving the organizational strategic objectives through integrated management while observing prerequisites between projects. This research has fond the main approach on selecting and prioritizing projects in alignment with general organizational strategy, with focus on some theories about strategies in project oriented organizations. It has selected the most prominent criteria insist on organizational strategic directions by directed interviews. Research finding indicates that in project selection process of the holding companies decision making isn’t parallel with organizational long term objectives and vision due to growing the size of project portfolio in long term horizon. These differences suggest the necessity of certain changes in present patterns and processes of selecting the project portfolio and guarantee to implement organizational strategies in this process successfully. This research has recreated the most prominent criteria of present models by method of problem solving, with assuming the evidences reflect the importance of strategic variable of project in line with organizational vision from the view point of decision makers.

This paper aims at studying the strategic alignment among business strategy, financial strategy, investment strategy, financing strategy, dividend strategy, and working capital strategy based on a comprehensive model (based on strategic reference points - SRP's). The comprehensive model is based on process view in strategic management were implementation is a function of formulation (focus internal or external - SRP1) and control (low or high - SRP2). In this paper at first we identify typologies of business, financial and subsystem strategies based on SRP's, and then study the relationship among these strategies. Survey research strategy used in this study. 273 Tehran Exchange Production Companies were selected for statistical population and 67 Companies included in statistical population have collaborated in this research. Types of business, financial and subsystem strategies calculated for 67 Companies in 2008. Measurement tools were questionnaire, interviewing and financial statements analyses. Descriptive statistical methods are used for data gathering. Analytical statistical methods, parametric and nonparametric were used for data analyses. The results show that, external (vertical) alignment between financial strategy and business strategy, internal (vertical) alignment between financial and subsystem or functional strategies, internal (horizontal) alignment between financial subsystem strategies and external (vertical) alignment between financial subsystem strategies and business strategy and interaction among these strategies affect the performance (ROA). The results reveal that, those companies with higher rate of alignment enjoy better performance (ROA) than those with average or lower alignment.

This paper is consequence of field survey that is done for studying the effect of alignment between international marketing strategy and organizational contextual dimensions and international marketing subsystems on export performance of engineering and technical services firms. The statistical population is engineering and technical services exporter firms that is selected 41 firms as statistical sample by judgment sampling of nonprobability sampling methods. This sample covers 95 percent of Iranian engineering and technical services export. The results illustrate the internal and external alignment variables affect export performance of engineering and technical services firms, separately and mutually. Also, the results show that the effect of internal alignment is more than the effect of external alignment. In addition, the research quantitative model come from multiple stepwise regression analysis displays that the portion of internal alignment variable in predicting export performance is .225, but the portion of external alignment variable is .162 that this result appreciated the more effect of internal alignment on firms export performance.

Different approaches are presented regarding how to react to the changing world. All these approaches are me meaningful if cover the alignment principle in the organization as a fundamental and more important principle. Surveys and research on the successful organizations are indicative of considering alignment as a determinant axis in the organization. This article is the result of a research on the key role of alignment in enhancing organizational performance. In this research, organizational performance is measured based on secondary data of Martyr Rajaee Model. By the way, theory of Strategic Reference Points (SRP) was used to measure alignment among four organizational elements including organizational strategy, culture, structure, and human resource strategy. First, the results of findings show a high alignment among above mentioned elements. Second, a positive correlation was found between alignment and organizational performance.