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Civil structures are always considered one of the most valuable properties of each country. Many factors can lead to local damages in different parts of structures during their operational life. These damages are reflected in the vibration responses of structures. This research aims to detect the existence and determine the location of damage in a truss bridge under a moving load using an artificial neural network and experimental wavelet transform. For this purpose, a two-dimensional truss bridge was built in the laboratory to investigate this research's objectives. Earlier experimental studies in damage detection were subjected to excitations such as impact loads and electrodynamic shakers. Since the appearance of damage effects in the vibration responses of the structure mainly depends on the applied location of the impact load, a moving load that crosses the entire length of the bridge can be used as input excitation to detect the presence and location of damages for which there is no available data. After measuring the vibration responses of the bridge, 17 time-domain features were extracted from the raw signals, which were used to detect the presence of damage. Although feature extraction is applied to raw signals, the signal processing stage was not eliminated for damage localization. By processing the response signals of the healthy and damaged state of the bridge using experimental wavelet transform, these signals were decomposed into different modes and 5 non-parametric damage-sensitive features such as Shannon and Tsallis entropies, Root Mean Square (RMS), Shape Factor and kurtosis which are all based on statistical parameters in addition to energy, were extracted. Finally, these damage-sensitive features were presented as input to the neural network whereas the state of the bridge (healthy or damaged) was considered as its target. The obtained results showed that the proposed method can effectively detect the presence and the location of the damage in the truss bridge.

Introduction: Climate and ecosystem changes in coordination with other factors have challengedmany basic paradigms of natural resource management. The purpose of this research was to knowthe correlation between water, energy, and food in Varamin Plain by the method of the mentalmodel and the dynamics of water, energy, and food correlation under political scenarios.Material and Methods: Data and relationships related to the mental model were collectedthrough interviews with the farmers and managers of the region using the Mental Modelersoftware. Data related to the correlation dynamics model was also collected through organizations,regional stakeholders and authoritative articles. The WEF nexus model developed for the studyarea consists of interconnected relationships for modeling water, agriculture and energysubsystems and their interactions. The simulation model was built using Vensim software, and thesimulation period was considered a 20-year period. The equations in each subsystem were createdbased on the basic equations of the system dynamics approach and the causal loop diagrams ofeach subsystem using relationships and positive and negative feedbacks.Results and Discussion: The results of system dynamic modeling showed that the state of surface waterresources and water security of the plain will be 158 million cubic meters and -162 million cubic meters,respectively, during the period of 20 years, which shows the reduction of resources compared to theoriginal situation. The results of the model without applying the scenario showed that the volume of theVaramin Plain aquifer will decrease from 4000 million cubic meters to 2700 million cubic meters duringthe 20-year period. This shows that the policies of providing water resources, including the excessive useof wells, the development of urbanization and the creation of industries, as well as the lack of increase inthe productivity of agricultural water through modern irrigation methods, are the reasons for such aproblem. The application of scenarios for the allocation of the environmental needs of the Bandalikhanwetland showed that the plain will not have the ecological capacity to allocate water to the wetland, sothat in the next 20 years, the water security of the plain will decrease to 180 million cubic meters. Also,applying the scenario of increasing irrigation efficiency without increasing the cultivated area from 58%to 70% was effective in improving the reduction of agricultural water demand and increasing thecultivated area. The increase in cultivated area up to 41,600 hectares had a positive effect on agriculturalwater demand, but more than this amount caused the pressure on water resources to increase. Based onthe limitations of water resources and the reduction of water security in the Varamin Plain, the productionof the plain's products will also face a decrease. Due to its proximity to the city of Tehran, the VaraminPlain plays an important role in meeting the needs of the people of Tehran and the surrounding cities.Conclusion: Examining the results and comparing the data showed that during the 20-year period,Varamin Plain will have an unfavorable situation regarding water resources and food production.The management of the resources of Varamin Plain requires a change in organizational,agricultural and developmental approaches. The development of solar systems in order to meetthe energy needs, the establishment of the wastewater treatment plant in Varamin and thedevelopment of the treatment plant south of Tehran, as well as moving towards sustainablecompression is effective in creating the stability of the plains resources in order to properly exploitthe resources. On the other hand, increasing the irrigation efficiency without increasing thecultivation area can help in balancing the current situation so that with the implementation of thepolicies of the sixth development plan, the demand for agricultural water will be reduced to someextent and the pressure on the underground water resources will be reduced.

Background: Identifying protein interactions is one of the main challenges in the fields of biostructure and molecular biology. Despite extensive progress, the exact patterns of protein-protein interactions are still unknown. The main goal of this study is to computationally evaluate the interactions of fibronectin-1 in the extracellular matrix of decellularized trachea and integrins in adipose tissue stem cells in order to provide the most accurate possible visualization of these interactions and their role in biological processes. Methods: After decellularization of the sheep trachea through the detergent-enzyme method, histological evaluations and ultrastructure photography of the samples were done by scanning electron microscopy. Also, the simulations of fibronectin1 binding of extracellular matrix protein with integrin αvβ1 and α5β3 of stem cells derived from adipose tissue were investigated, and interaction energy analysis was applied to predict the structure of protein-protein complexes using the algorithms available in HDOCK and ClusPro servers. Results: The findings indicated the preservation of extracellular matrix components and scaffold ultrastructure. Also, in order to find the most favorable connection states in terms of energy, some of them were reported as stable interactions among the top types of connections. This insight provides a valuable understanding of cell-matrix adhesion, migration, and signaling, with potential implications for therapeutic development. Conclusion: The prepared scaffolds are ideal for engineering applications for which computational analysis and experimental data have been used for visualization of stable connection states with energy efficiency between fibronectin and integrin. Also, more studies on cell adhesion modeling in connection with tissue engineering science can provide a suitable field for the development of regenerative medicine in further studies.

AbstractIntroduction: Knowing the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater quality is one of the important issues for optimal management of groundwater resources. In this study, the hydro geochemical properties of groundwater resources in Miandoab plain (West Azerbaijan province of Iran) were investigated.Methods: For this purpose, the data of 51 study wells during the time period (from 2014 to 2018) were used. The qualitative parameters such as the amount of Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, CO32- and the indexes such as TH (Total Hardness), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), EC (Electrical Conductivity), SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio) and pH were evaluated based on drinking, agriculture and industry water quality standards. Aquifer qualitative zoning maps were extracted by entering the descriptive layers obtained from the qualitative analysis in ArcGIS software and selecting the best interpolation method based on the validation technique.Results: The groundwater hydro chemical analysis based on the drinking water standards of the Energy Ministry indicated that the groundwater of the plain is in a relatively acceptable condition. This was also obtained from groundwater analysis by the Schoeller method. It was found that the largest areas of this plain had saline groundwater, in terms of agriculture. Industrially, sedimentation in the plain was more pronounced than corrosion.Conclusion: Results showed that the aquifer quality declined from 2014 to 2017 and improved in 2018. Zoning maps showed that Miandoab aquifer has better quality and condition in the feeding areas in terms of drinking, agriculture and industry. In other words, according to the geography of the plain, the aquifer feeding areas were less vulnerable than the areas located in the evacuation areas.

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranks second in terms of mortality rate. This study was conducted in order to determine the personal, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of women with breast lesions referred to the Dr. Beski Hospital in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 130 women with breast lesions (benign and malignant) who were operated on in the Dr. Beski Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. Demographic data (age, family history, and ethnicity) and pathology results (grade, lesion type, surgery type, location, and tumor size) were recorded. Results: Breast lesions were malignant in 51.53% of the patients. The most common malignant tumor was invasive ductal carcinoma (71.64%), and the most common benign tumor was fibroadenoma (69.84%). Most malignant cases were observed in patients aged 41-50 years (43.28%). Almost half of the studied population (49.15%) had no positive family history, and about a quarter of the patients had at least one first or second-degree relative with breast cancer. Most patients (44.78%) had grade II malignant tumors. In addition, 78.51% of the subjects had not undergone chemotherapy before breast surgery. About half of the patients (49.57%) did not undergo any adjuvant treatment after surgery; however, chemotherapy was the most common type of adjuvant treatment (13.68%) after surgery. Simultaneous chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed for 24.78% of the patients after surgery. There were statistically significant relationships between age and type of lesion and adjuvant treatments after the operation, and involvement of lymph nodes was observed (P

Many studies have evaluated political power from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. But the present study tries to provide a quantitative criterion for calculation of power. To do this, using the country’s budget law, the institutions that enjoys from national budget are identified and then the officials who are at the head of those institutions from each province are identified. Then the importance coefficient of each official is calculated based on multiplication of two indicators: the allocated budget to his/her institution or organization and the duration of his/her tenure in each year. The power matrix for each province is made. Finally, the power index for Iranian provinces is calculated using methods of Simple Additive Weighting, TOPSIS, and Numerical Taxonomy. Then, according to TOPSIS method, the regions of Iran were divided into four groups. The findings show fundamental inequalities in the distribution of economic- political power in the regions of Iran during the period of 2009-2019. Also, The most fluctuations in economic-political power index have occured mainly in the middle groups. Since, most previous studies have emphasized regional inequalities in Iran based on various indicators, it seems that there is a correlation between the distribution of economic-political power and regional inequalities of Economic development. As a result, given the current status without change in the political power of the provinces, one can not expect a significant change in the economic development of the regions.

Introduction: Air pollution is a crisis that many countries around the world are currently facing. The city of Tehran has been facing the problem of air pollution for a long time and its solution has become one of the important social demands and has found international dimensions. The phenomenon of air pollution in Tehran has been affecting Tehran for many years, and in the past several years, with the arrival of the cold and winter season, the residents of the capital face a serious problem, and despite all the measures taken to prevent pollution, we still see days when schools are closed and the plan of even and odd cars also continues; but pollution is strongly standing. The results of previous studies indicate the influence of various factors including geographical factors, natural features of the city, temperature inversion and industrial pollutants in air pollution.The purpose of this study is to provide a model for individuals with air pollution in Tehran.Materials and Methods: The current research is applied in terms of the type and purpose of the research, and descriptive-analytical in terms of the data collection method. In this research, after identifying the factors affecting the air pollution of Tehran city, using the opinion of relevant experts, the researcher has used the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique to level and interpret the conceptual relationships of the mentioned indicators. By reviewing the research literature and taking the opinion of experts, the issue is identified in the form of six indicators (temperature inversion, geographical-climatic location, pollution of factories and refineries, low quality of vehicles and fuel consumption, low green space per capita, high population density of Tehran) Took; Then, a structured matrix questionnaire was developed to determine the interrelationships of these indicators. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling and plotted on five levels in an interactive network.Results: The results of this research showed that both industrial factors and climatic factors can be effective on air pollution in Tehran. According to result of the modeling, "pollution of factories and refineries" index was at the highest level. Therefore, transferring factories in the city and preventing the construction of new factories in the city as a solution can help reduce air pollution in Tehran.Discussion: When a temperature inversion occurs, the air becomes stable and particles accumulate in the range of the inversion layer and increase the intensity of air pollution. Regarding the pollution of factories and refineries, most of the processes that produce air pollution in industries, after the heating process, are dedicated to the process of combining materials, and air pollutants in the form of smoke and suspended particles include the most cases. Also, the combustion process in the engine of old and low-quality cars is not done well, and this is the main reason for the production of carbon monoxide. Climate controls the pollution conditions of Tehran city through changing its elements such as temperature, precipitation, pressure and wind. Also, compared to the big cities of the world and their population, Tehran is ranked 120 to 130 in terms of size, but in terms of density per square kilometer, it is ranked between 25 and 30. This means that in this city, the population has accumulated more than the ecological capacity and urban area, which causes crises such as air pollution.

In this research, the effect of the mulch layer on the soil surface as an anti-evaporation layer was investigated in three soils with a different texture from three points of Tabriz green space including Abbas Mirza in the south, Einali in the north, and Khavaran in eastern Tabriz. The soils were placed in small lysimeters with a diameter and height of 30 cm (25 cm of soil and 3 cm of mulch). This field experiment was a completely randomized blocks design with five treatments included; control (no mulch layer) and four types of mulch cover including fine sand, manure, wood chips, and petrochemical waste, and three replications conducted over 20 days. The analysis of variance in all soil samples showed a significant effect (p

Blood product transfusion is a double-edged sword; it can be lifesaving in many circumstances, yet life-threatening serious complications may occur. Although transfusion-related reactions have decreased over the years as a result of hemovigilance networks all over the world, human errors still remain an important concern. In this case report, we describe a patient undergoing elective spinal surgery who received an incompatible blood product. Then we will describe measures to mitigate such errors.

Soil bio-remediation is one of the developing methods of soil improvement and the reduction of environmental problems due to the injection of chemicals in the soil is one of the superior features of this method compared to other common methods. It was created by linking the fields of civil engineering, geochemistry, and microbiology. The basis of soil improvement by biological cementation method is based on the microbial production of calcium carbonate precipitation, which is inspired by the formation of sandstone in nature and with the help of bacteria that have precipitation and hydrolysis of urea to enhance the technical specifications of soil. The steps of soil remediation in this method are that in the presence of Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria, crystals are formed which are the result of urea reaction and a source of calcium, which is usually calcium chloride. These crystals are placed in empty spaces of the soil and represent the reason why the adhesion of soil particles increases significantly and its strength increases. In order to manage the consumption of materials used, it is better to obtain optimal values during studies. For this purpose, in this study, the cemented samples were subjected to triaxial tests, permeability, and SEM testing. In consolidated undrained triaxial experiments, the trend of soil resistance over time was investigated by considering different retention times and different molarities. The optimal amount of molarity of the materials used and the concentration of bacteria and the optimal retention time were obtained according to the results of experiments performed in this method. Also, by examining the resistance of cemented samples, an increase in strength in the range of compared to clean sand was observed. Examination of the time parameter pointed to the formation of calcium carbonate precipitation and their final setting up to days. After days, the trend of increasing soil resistance exhibited a constant amount.

Introduction In recent decades, accurate modeling of runoff has always been one of the hottest topics for researchers in the field of hydrology, as it plays an important role in water resources management, hydropower development, urban planning, irrigation and other hydrological/meteorological activity programs. Concept-based and physical models require huge amounts of data and environmental calculations. The nonlinear nature of the rainfall-runoff process and the complexity of physical models are some of the reasons why researchers have turned to intelligent models. However, these models may not provide logical results for nonlinear hydrological processes. To overcome this shortcoming, nonlinear artificial neural networks (ANNs) have depicted a real success in predicting hydrological time series.Materials and MethodsThe usefulness of wavelet transforms in noise reduction and multi-resolution analysis along with the ability of ANNs to optimize and predict hydrological processes has recently been introduced as a neural network wavelet hybrid model (WANN) and is widely used by hydrologists not only for rainfall-runoff modeling. It has been used to simulate some other components of the hydrological cycle such as river flow, groundwater, precipitation and sediment. In this study, precipitation and discharge data on a monthly scale have been used. For modeling in this research, ANN and WANN have been used. Data were used for Sufi Chay Basin for period 2001-2019.Results and Discussion In this study, for modeling rainfall-runoff by neural network in MATLAB 2018 Software and investigating the effect of using wavelet transform on the accuracy of rainfall-runoff model has been done. First, the existence of autocorrelation and its significance in runoff data were investigated using the partial autocorrelation function (PACF). In the hybrid model, Daubechies mother wavelets 3 and 4 are used. Six scenarios were examined for modeling. Among the selected scenarios, scenarios 4 and 5 had the best results in comparison between the two models. The poor accuracy of the first three scenarios (Scenarios 1-3) indicates that using rainfall data alone are not sufficient to model runoff, thus employing the last monthly runoff data into the model made a significant change in the results. In the ANN model, scenario 4 has more acceptable results with correlation coefficient (r), square root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) of 0.889, 51.574 and 0.788, respectively for the training section, and 0.779, 70.625, and 0.595, respectively for the test section. In the hybrid model WANN, scenario 5 has the best results with the values of r, RMSE and NSE of 0.997, 23.99 and 0.954, respectively for the training section, and 0.829, 62.334 and 0.684, respectively for the test section.Conclusion In the present study, the performance of ANN and WANN models for rainfall-runoff modeling in Sufi Chay Basin using different parameters of rainfall and discharge delays during the statistical period (2001-2019) was evaluated. The highest accuracy of the models was provided in combining runoff input with a time delay and monthly precipitation. The purpose of this study is the effect of wavelet on increasing the accuracy of estimation in rainfall-runoff modeling. The results of the present study showed that the hybrid model will increase the accuracy of a model.

Aim and Background: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is one of the mood disorders of the fifth edition of the mental disorder’s diagnosis. This disorder begins in the childhood and causes many problems for parents, teachers, friends, and children themselves. This disorder, which is associated with social problems, is also very debilitating. The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and initial reliability of the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder scale. Methods and Materials: The method of this research is descriptive and instrument making; while its statistical population is all parents of children aged 6-12 year in Isfahan in the year 1397. Statistical samples included 300 people which were selected by available sampling. To collect the data for evaluation of this disorder, the researcher-made Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Scale (DMDDS) was used. To examine the scale items, quantitative and qualitative content reliability, quantitative and qualitative nominal reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Findings: Based on the parameters of impact coefficient index above 1.5, content reliability index above 0.62, reliability ratio above 0.70, and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis’s, 24 scale items were kept in the instrument. Considering an eigenvalue above 1, four factors of impulsivity, performance, mood, and frustration were extracted. According to the obtained results, the four factors of this scale were able to predict 50.80% of the changes in the total scale. Also, a total scale reliability coefficient of 0.894 was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the content reliability index as well as the nominal and structural scale which are designed for the parents, are acceptable and can be used to evaluate the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children aged 6-12 year.

Cloud computing-based collaborative learning is the development of computer-supported collaborative learning. It is a basic technique that can create a cloud environment for collaborative learning and support training through cloud computing. The aim of this study was to design a model for applying collaborative learning based on cloud computing in higher education. The research method was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and using grounded theory approach. The participants of the study were faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province in 2019-2020 year, which using the purposeful sampling approach and interviewing 18 people. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin Foundation data theory in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 310 basic conceptual propositions with 9 main categories and 21 sub-categories in the form of six dimensions of the paradigm model include: causal causes (2 categories); The main phenomenon (participatory learning based on cloud computing); Strategy (2 categories); Background conditions (2 categories); Environmental conditions (1 category) and outcome (2 categories) were identified In the form of a paradigm model including participatory learning based on cloud computing as a central phenomenon and causal conditions (interactive factors and human factors), Underlying conditions (internal conditions and external conditions), Interventional factors (challenges of participatory learning in the cloud environment), Strategies (training strategies and support strategies) And consequences (educational consequences and emotional consequences) were organized.

Nowadays, the glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets have been known to be one of the most effective composite materials that are used to increase the strength and durability of concrete structures. Owing to the light weight, corrosion resistance, high tensile strength and the ease of application without any interruption of the services, the use of these sheets has become very wide spread. In recent years, some organizations in Iran have opted for the use of GFRP sheets for the strengthening and protection of their concrete structures that are located in the areas exposed to the Persian Gulf water. Therefore, in the present paper, the results of the permeability tests conducted on GFRP strengthened concrete samples, using the newly developed “Cylindrical chamber” method are discussed. Since the deterioration of concrete structures exposed to extreme environmental conditions due to the water penetration, appears to be a critical issue, the above mentioned samples have been exposed to different cycles of wet-dry, high and low temperatures and freeze- thaw tests, before measuring their permeability’s. The results showed that the temperature change cycles have a small effect on the permeability of GFRP in comparison to the freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles. The penetrated volume of water after 30, 90, 150 wet-dry cycles, was 61%, 100%, 18% lower than the respective values obtained after the same cycles of temperature changes. Considering the freeze-thaw conditions it was found that similar cycles of freeze-thaw tend to increase the permeability of the samples by about 12%, 36%, 29%, compared with the respective values of the temperature change conditions.

Abstract Background and Aim: Healthy food and nutrition play a key role in overcoming COVID-19 and achieving sustainable development. In most low- and middle-income countries, small companies, especially traditional food suppliers, have a fundamental role in the food supply chain, resulting in food and nutrition security. Materials and Methods: A checklist with 113 questions was designed including 57 questions on the conditions of COVID-19 derived from the second step guideline of fighting COVID-19 and 56 questions derived from regulation 111/920318. The total number of bakeries was 158 and the answers to the questions were recorded and analyzed as yes, no and not applicable. Results: In this study, based on the results obtained from the analysis of checklists, compliance of health status of different types of bakeries with regulations 111/920318 in Sangak, Barbari, Taftoon, Lavash and Baget (Nan Fantezie) bakeries, was 73%, 79%, 87%, 76%, and 81% respectively Also, the percentage of compliance to the second step of the fight against Covid 19, was 65%, 71%, 69%, 73%, and 84%, respectively, and the compliance of the health status with final checklist in these bakeries was 69%, 75%, 78%, 74.5%, and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Health education and equipment hygiene were the least desirable in Sangak bakeries, food hygiene and health education were the least desirable in Barbari bakeries, food hygiene and health education were the least desirable in Taftoon bakeries, and in Lavash bakeries personal hygiene, food hygiene, and health education were least desirable. In Baget (Nan Fantezie) bakeries, the health conditions were significantly better than in traditional bakeries. Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Checklist; Bakery; Health

The health sector and the funds allocated to it, due to its impact on the strengthening of the human capital through productivity, play an important role in the economic growth and human development of countries. If these credits are not allocated optimally, especially in the form of capital asset acquisition, it will make the health sector unable to provide optimal health care services. In this regard, the purpose of the present article is to provide a model for allocating the funds for the acquisition of capital assets of the health sector in Khorasan Razavi to the cities of this province. To this end, a multi-criteria decision-making method has been used on the basis of satisfaction and statistics and information related to credits and indicators of the health sector of Khorasan Razavi province with emphasis on deprived and less developed areas. The findings of this study indicate the highest optimal share for the cities of Mashhad, Binalood, and Zaveh and the lowest optimal share for the city of Gonabad from the total credits related to the acquisition of capital assets of the health sector of Khorasan Razavi.

Background: One of the essential factors in regulating the excitement of irritable children is mothers’ parenting style which is effective in self-controlling of these children; therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a parental model based on the attachment theory of children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Methods: This study was conducted using directed content analysis method with deductive classification system; and purposeful sampling continued with data saturation approach. Attachment texts were analyzed for parental characteristics. First, the concepts associated with parenting were identified and then the extracted concepts were classified based on the main components of attachment theory. Finally, the validity and reliability of parental patterns were investigated and confirmed. Findings: In this template, a matrix was drawn and then classification was carried out in two levels; level one containing the main attachment components, and level two containing 71 codes based on level one. Thus, the parenting model was considered with six main components of behavioral, affective, cognitive, psychic, kinesthetic-tactile, and physical security. Conclusion: The proposed parenting model, which includes behavioral, emotional, cognitive, psychological, kinetic-tactile, and physical safety components, can be used along with other treatments available for children with mood disorders.

Introduction Today, the unfavorable weather conditions are one of the critical problems in the world's major cities, which have many harms to humans and the environment. Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are important air pollutants. Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor. The most important human resources producing this pollutant are car exhaust and fixed sources such as fossil fuels, power plants, incinerators, and home heating appliances. In addition to human resources, nitrogen oxides are also produced by bacteria, volcanoes, and lightning. The city of Tabriz is one of the metropolises of Iran, and the increase in the population of the city, motor vehicles, consumption of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and improper use of heating devices and the existence of industrial factories has increased energy consumption in this city and many problems. It has created an environment for the residents of this city. The purpose of this paper is to study the trend of nitrogen dioxide as an indicator of air pollution from OMI data using linear fit after eliminating significant rotation periods on the time series of the average monthly nitrogen dioxide for the city of Tabriz. Methodology In this study, the nitrogen dioxide data measured by the OMI satellite sensor and the wind data, the surface temperature and the horizontal visibility measured with the synoptic station during the years 2004 to 2016, contaminated with airborne nitrogen dioxide emissions in Tabriz city is being investigated. The seasonal mean and nitrogen dioxide, temperature, wind, and horizontal visibility, as well as the correlation between nitrogen dioxide and meteorological data, have been investigated to better understand the changes in air pollution. To understand the properties and behavior of the functions, they can be examined in frequency space. Least square spectral analysis can be used to investigate non-distant time series. Statistical tests can also be performed until the periodic intervals obtained from the spectral analysis are statistically validated. After the formation of the time series, the average monthly nitrogen dioxide level between the 2004 to 2016 intervals was observed using spectral analysis of least squares of periods of four, six, and twelve months, which were also statistically significant. To calculate the nitrogen dioxide trend, significant components are eliminated from the time series. After eliminating the significant components of the four, six, and twelve months of the nitrogen dioxide time series, the trend is calculated using linear fit on the remaining time series. Results and discussion The results showed that the highest amount of nitrogen dioxide occurs in cold season and the lowest amount in hot seasons. The average nitrogen dioxide content in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons was equal to 2.13, 1.90 ×, 3.88 × and 5.36 × molecules per cm2 and its mean value was calculated at 2.84 × molecules per centimeter square. Also, the highest amount of standard deviation of nitrogen dioxide occurs in winter, 10.4 and its lowest value in summer, 0.97 The study of temporal, wind, and horizontal visibility of Tabriz city for the measurement period 2004 to 2016 shows that nitrogen dioxide and temperature have a relationship. So that nitrogen dioxide has the highest amount in the early and the late months of the year when it is cold, and vice versa. 96 percent of the winds of the city of Tabriz have a speed of less than 0.5 meters per second, so called quiet winds and the prevailing winds of the eastern and northeastern cities. The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with wind and temperature was -0.49 and -0.32, respectively, indicating a greater significance of wind in the variation of this pollutant. One of the simplest ways to check the air quality is horizontal visibility. The correlation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide with horizontal visibility for Tabriz city is -0.09 and its value has not been significantly different during the year. The amount of nitrogen dioxide in each year for Tabriz was 1.05 × molecules per cm2. Conclusion Paying attention to the quality of life and environmental issues in the city of Tabriz is very important due to population growth and increasing urban life. Air pollution caused by nitrogen dioxide in the cold seasons of the year was mostly due to temperature inversion. As a result, what plays a significant role in air pollution in this city is the increase in urbanization, the development of factories, and the excessive use of fossil fuels, power plants, and motor vehicles. Therefore, adequate measures must be taken to reduce air pollution in order to maintain the health of citizens and the environment. One of the factors reducing air pollution is green space, and the city of Tabriz does not have a great green space, so the lack of green space in this area is strongly felt and is very small compared to international standards.

Introduction: Petrochemical industries are known as one of the most important sources of organic pollutants. In this study, the relationship between inhaled benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) concentration with some urine metabolites was investigated in a petrochemical complex Methods: This cross-sectional study was an analytical type with 60 inhalation air samples and biological samples. Sampling and decomposition of pollutants were carried out in accordance with the methods of 1501 and 2549 NIOSH , then results were compared with the Occupational Exposure Scale (OEL) and the proposed National Occupational Exposure Indicators (BEI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17 software. Results: The mean concentration of TransTransmuconicand was 137μg/g Creatinine and for Hyporic acid, Phenylglyoxalic acid, Methyl-hyporic acid was respectively 0.577, 0.066 and 0.404 g/g Creatinine. The mean concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o, m xylene, p xylene was 3.818, 4.004, 3.357, 0.132, 2.0159 ppm. The results showed that benzene concentrations in 5 inhalable samples and TTMA in 10 urine samples were higher than the proposed limit. Conclusion: The mean total concentration of inhaled BTEXs and their urine metabolites was lower than the recommended range of the country. The high correlation between measured pollutants in respiratory air and the concentration of administrative metabolites can indicate that chronic exposure to these pollutants leads to an increase in the excretion of urine metabolites and occupational activity has a significant effect on the health of trainees. In the face of volatile organic compounds studied.

In this research, designing and validating the knowledge management model for university staff has been addressed. The methodology of the present study was applied in terms of objective, qualitative and qualitative data, and from the nature and type of the study is the type of foundation data. By interviewing and finally using the interpretive theory, a native pattern is finalized. The target population of the present study consist of academic experts. A sample of 30 target-oriented snowball counts was selected by experts from the field of science education. The research tool was a semi-structured interview form in which the template, dimensions, components and indicators of the KM model were set. For this, patterns, findings, studies, and theories were first examined. Then, they were counted by index coding, and after the categorization of the central coding, the final form of the interview was sent to 30 field experts to make selective coding and obtained through the Delphi technique and a deep interview saturation survey. Validity and validity of the organized interview form were obtained through the Delphi fan. The method of data analysis is qualitative and the results of this study indicate that the optimal model of knowledge management model for university staff is composed of 111 items that can be used by the staff of universities. The template consists of four dimensions, which, in order of priority, include the dimension of the production of knowledge, the dimension of the organization of knowledge, the application of knowledge, and then the reproduction of knowledge. The constructive components of the model include knowledge goals, knowledge recognition, knowledge acquisition, knowledge development, knowledge development and processing, knowledge storage and maintenance, knowledge sharing and sharing, application of knowledge, knowledge assessment and production, and creation of new knowledge.

Background and Aim: The patient is the main customer for hospital services. Patient satisfaction can reflect if the services are performed correctly. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the degree of client tribute plan and inpatients and outpatients satisfaction in Shiraz hospitals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross sectional study was done among 211 inpatients and 1,175 outpatients in 8 Shiraz hospitals. The instruments for data collection were two client tribute plan and patient satisfaction questionnaires. Data collected by interviews and observation. Data were entered into SPSS. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test were used for data analysis. Results: Forty five point four percent of patients and 44.1 percent of outpatients assessed the hospital service satisfaction as weak. The mean score of inpatient and outpatient satisfaction was 60.53±8.9 and 54.22±12.6 respectively. There were significant relationship between type of admission and satisfaction (p=0.001). Mean score of client tribute plan was 182.44±11.8 that placed in the appropriate level. There were no significant relationships between client tribute plan and inpatients and outpatients satisfaction (p=0.143). Conclusion: Although client tribute plans perform properly, patient satisfaction is low. In this regard, it is recommended that review client tribute plan clients in healthcare systems and adopt its contents with the needs of patients.

The specific nature of heavy precipitation and its consequences have caused the phenomenon of particular importance in environmental planning and management of water. analysis Synoptic conditions of atmospheric circulation patterns and identifying factors affecting the occurrence of heavy precipitation are very important. In this study, to analyze the effect of low-pressure cut blocking system on the precipitation during 8 -13 March 2010, the weather maps of mean sea level pressure, geopotential height at 500 and 850 hPa level, wind components, moisture flux convergence and Omega indicators were analyzed. Using synoptic maps, position and movement of weather systems such as troughs and ridges, wind field, and high-pressure and low-pressure systems near the ground level were evaluated. The data of daily precipitation and hourly flow rate were analyzed for 29 meteorological stations and hydrometery within and outside the basin. The results suggest the establishment of Scut-off low in the East Mediterranean and its associated trough displacement and ground accompaniment during 8-13 March, which have provided the conditions for the creation of heavy rainfall. Wind field in atmospheric levels, especially at 850 hPa level, have an important role in humidity feeding of atmospheric systems. The negative values of Omega also resulted in the promotion of air aerodynamics in the atmospheric levels and strengthening of convective flows has led to precipitation.

Background and Objective: Sodium Arsenite is an environmental pollutant which can generate free radicals causing tissue damage. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Green Tea (GTE), as a strong antioxidant, on kidney tissue in mice treated with Sodium Arsenite. Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male NMRI mice were randomly allocated into four groups including: control, GTE (100mg/kg/day), Sodium Arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and Sodium Arsenite + GTE, for 34 days, orally. Animals were scarified and left kidney was taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained using Heidenhain'azan method. Using stereological technique the total volume of kidney, volume of cortex, medulla, proximal and distal tubule, renal corpuscle, gelomerelus, tuft and capillary, membrane and space of Bowman's capsule and length of proximal and distal tubule were determined. Creatinine, BUN and MDA serum samples were measured. Results: The mean of total volume of cortex, proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle and gelomerolus, taft, Bowman's capsule space, size of epithelium and lumen of proximal and distal tubule were significantly reduced in Sodium Arsenite group compared to control (P

Objective (s): To compare health conditions in Iran and southwest Asian countries.Methods: Fifteen core health indices as reported by World Health Organization (WHO) for the period of 2000-2007 were listed for Iran and southwest Asain countires. The numerical taxonomy techniquewas used to rank and measure the degree of health development amog all 26 southwest Asian countries.Results: The Results showed that the ranking of Iran decreased from 11 in 2000 to 12 in 2007. The highest ranking of Iran was 10 during 2003-2006 and during this period there was no progress in position of Iran. Since then the ranking was decreased. Conclusion: The failure in ranking of Iran among between southwest Asian countries is alerting. Perhaps this might be concequence of discontinuity in growing trends of development in health sector during the period under review. Indeed the findings has some implications for policy and practice.

مقدمه: بايومارکرها شاخص‌هاي قابل ارزيابي مي‌باشند که در محيط‌هاي زيستي يافت مي‌شوند و به‌عنوان يک شاخص جهت معين کردن روند بيولوژيکي طبيعي، بيماري‌زايي و يا پاسخ به درمان‌هاي دارويي در محيط‌هاي زيستي استفاده مي‌شوند. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از شاخص‌هاي علم‌سنجي به ارزيابي توليدات علمي منتشر شده در زمينه‌ی بايومارکرها پرداخته است تا ضمن شناسايي کشورهاي تأثيرگذار منطقه، همکاري و برنامه‌ريزي‌های آتي را در اين حوزه‌ی موضوعي تسهيل نمايد. روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر توصيفي مي‌باشد. استخراج داده‌ها از پايگاه مدلاين و انتخاب کليدواژه‌ی جستجو با عنوان Biological Markers از واژه‌نامه‌ی مش (MeSH)واعمال محدوديت زماني2000-2010 انجام گرفته است. يافته‌ها: درطول دوره‌ی مورد بررسي تعداد 116368 مدرک در زمينه‌ی بايومارکرها در پایگاه مدلاين نمايه شده است که از اين تعداد، سهم کشورهاي خاورميانه 9/2 درصد مي‌باشد. ترکيه و ايران با اختصاص 1/1 و03/0 درصد از کل مدارک نمايه شده به خود، به ترتيب در جايگاه اول و سوم خاورميانه قرار گرفتند. دانشگاه علوم پزشکي شيراز به‌عنوان فعال‌ترين موسسه در ايران، 20 درصد از مدارک ايراني نمايه شده در پايگاه مدلاین را به خود اختصاص داده است. نتيجه‌گيري: ميزان توليدات علمي در زمينه‌ی بايومارکرها در طول سال‌هاي اخير افزايش داشته است. با اين وجود ميزان اختلاف بين توليدات علمي ايران با کشورهاي تأثيرگذار منطقه زياد و قابل تأمل مي‌باشد که توجه و همت سياست‌گذاران را مي‌طلبد. کليد‌واژه: بايومارکرها؛ علم‌سنجي؛ مدلاين؛ ايران؛ خاورميانه

Generally any type of dam is considered as an integral part of the water management system, which is effective in the regulating of surface flows especially in areas with nonuniform spatial distribution of rainfall and temporal. Considering the worldwide, developing trend for dam construction, especially in Iran, the necessity of reviewing the environmental impact of dam construction thus becomes apparent. In this paper the general conditions of the area surrounding the Sardasth dam was reviewed and the environmental inventory was checked using simple checklists. Also the environmental impact of the dam during operation phase was assessed. Results of this study indicates that construction of Sardasht Dam would have positive environmental impacts, especially during operational phase. The environmental indices number obtained was +508.

Background and objective: Depression during pregnancy and after childbirth endangers mental health of the mother and physical health of the baby. Cognitive skills training can reduce the depression and anxiety of these periods. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the impact of cognitive skills training intervention program on women during pregnancy and postpartum referred to health centers in Khorramabad. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 120 pregnant women referred to the Health Centers. The participants were selected applying simple selection method. Data was gathered using Beck questionnaire before and two months after the educational intervention. Case group received the intervention program through lecturing. Data was analyzed applying SPSS16 and statistical tests (chi-square, t-test and regression) were applied. Results: Participants mean age was 27.29±5.76. The age range was between 18 and 39. After intervention, depression mean score changed from 38.13±7.45 to 29.95±5.12; the reduction in the case group statistically was significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Training cognitive skills have a positive impact on reducing depression among pregnant women during and after pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended that this intervention, after being valified by a few other researches, be combined in pre and postnatal care in health centers. Paper Type: Research Article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Educational planning, as a principle of health education, is both economical and the priorities of WHO and the regional community health policymakers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two training methods, namely, multimedia-based training vs. opportunistic training, on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior of primary-school students. Methods: This was a semi-experiential research conducted on two groups of 84 students, selected randomly from two primary schools in Jajrood County, District 8 of Tehran. Training intervention was then made into the first group using an opportunistic method by the teacher, and in the second group using multimedia package. Three nutritional variables of target students, namely, knowledge, attitude, and behavior were measured using researcher-designed questionnaires filled out by the students in three stages: before, immediately after, and three months after training. The results were analyzed using independent- T and repeated-measure tests, and SPSS16 statistical software. Results: Before intervention, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of nutritional knowledge, attitude, or behavior (p=0.93, p=0.52, and p=0.67 respectively). After intervention, knowledge scores in both groups increased significantly (p<0.001). However, the attitude and behavior scores for the two groups increased differently: p<0.001 for the opportunistic training group while p<0.17 and p<0.04 for the multimedia training group. Conclusion: It seems that in some occasions, opportunistic training is more accessible, less costly, and more effective than multimedia training. It is therefore advised that teachers make optimum use of numerous opportunities during teacher-student contact times to improve the students' knowledge, attitudes and behavior in health-related subjects such as nutrition, with minimum costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection is the second common bacterial infection in children. Constipation as a risk factor in urinary tract infection was reported by several studies. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between rectal diameter and constipation with urinary tract infections in children. Methods: This case - control study was performed on 40, 2-12 years old hospitalized children with urinary tract infections as cases and 40 healthy children with the same age as controls in Boali Hospital in Sari, Iran. Rectal diameter was measured by ultrasonography. Demographic characteristics, rectal diameter, during of infectious and disease clinical signs were recorded for each subject. Results: Constipation was observed in 62.5% and 17.5% of cases and controls, respectively (P<0.05). Rectal diameter was 47.64 mm and 26.48 mm in case and control groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding to increasing of rectal diameter in patients with urinary tract infections in comparison with healthy subjects, ultrasonography can be a reliable method either to confirm or reject the presence of constipation in urinary tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]