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The purpose of this study was the evaluation of expression levels of virulence associated luxS, and ctxM genes in Escherichia coli co-cultured with domestic probiotics. E. coli was isolated from 20 samples of dairy products (raw milk and cheeses). Then probiotic characteristics of Bacillus spp. isolated from intestinal tracts of poultry were assessed for ability to survive at acidic pH, bile salts, simulated gastric juice, production of bioactive compound and proteolytic activity. The isolate exhibited favorable characters, was identified by molecular method using 16SrDNA gene sequencing. Then expression levels of luxS, and ctxM genes in E. coli isolates in co-cultured with the probiotic isolates was evaluated by Real time-PCR method. The results obtained indicated that out of 16 E. coli isolates, two strains carried the genes. In addition, out of 12 Bacillus spp. isolates, one strain showed probiotic characters. The results on molecular identification verified the isolation of two strains of E. coli (carried luxS, and ctxM genes) and one strain of Bacillus coagulans. The results on expression levels of luxS, and ctxM genes in E. coli in co-cultured with Bacillus coagulans isolates indicated that expression levels of the genes diminished significantly (P-value

Several intrapersonal and external factors could affect students’ learning and performance in mathematics. This study aimed to explore the relationship between students’ perceived teacher support and mathematics performance by considering the mediating roles of mathematics self-efficacy, internal motivation, and anxiety. Multi-stage sampling was used to choose 408 students. The SEM findings suggested that the proposed model had a good fit. Additionally, there was a significant, positive relationship between perceived teacher support and mathematics performance. Moreover, perceived teacher support could explain students’ mathematics performance via the mediating roles of mathematics self-efficacy, anxiety, and internal motivation. Furthermore, mathematics self-efficacy affected the other two mediating variables and thereby influenced mathematics performance. The findings implied that mathematics performance could significantly be improved by paying especial attention to different types of teacher support and making educational interventions for increasing teachers’ supportive behaviors, which can consequently increase mathematics self-efficacy and motivation and decrease mathematics anxiety.

Background: Self-care behaviors contribute greatly to the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the prevention of its complications. The family has a critical role to play in the adoption of these behaviors in these patients. The present study aimed to assess the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the self-care behaviors of MS patients.Method: This experimental study was performed on 60 patients referred to the MS Clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad in 2020-2021. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were non-randomly assigned to two groups of control and experimental. Data collection tools included the demographic information form and the Performance Assessment of Self-care Skills (PASS) which were completed before and one month after the intervention in both groups. The educational content was presented to the experimental group in eight 45-60 min sessions in accordance with the family-centered empowerment model, while the control group received the routine training. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Mann-Whitney test.Results: The majority of participants in the experimental and control groups were female, single, and hold a diploma. The mean total scores of self-care behaviors after the intervention were obtained at 38.86±6.24 and 42.20±6.17 in the control and experimental groups, respectively. After the intervention, the mean total score of self-care behaviors and their dimensions in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P

Building on ideas developed in the quantitative approach, this paper aims to explore the roles of child abuse and insecure attachment, through the mediation of cognitive process, in explaining conduct disorder in adolescents. By using the multi- stage cluster sampling, 300 girl students ages 12-15 years, who were studying in secondary schools in Ghorveh city during the education year of 2020- 21 were selected randomly to fill six scales including Achenbach’s behavioral problems Youth Self- Report scale, Child Abuse Self-Reporting Scale, Revised Adult Attachment Scale of Collins and Reads, Deep Information Processing, Wechsler Memory Scale for Children, and Stroop Color-Word Test. According to the findings which ware achieved by employing correlational method and structural equation model, three independent variables including child abuse, insecure attachment, and cognitive process directly impacted on forming conduct disorder as the dependent variable. Moreover, child abuse and insecure attachment predicted conduct disorder through the mediation of cognitive process (as a mediational variable). Research findings indicated that the model was fitted properly and thus the experts of health, psychology, and education can use the findings in considering clinical problems and also in arranging preventive and educative plans.

Objective Given the shortening of the life cycle of products and the competition intensity in the food industry, opportunism and the timely implementation of opportunities is regarded as a key and winning feature in this industry. Related companies have used various measures to improve this capability, including structural capital and strategic agility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of structural capital on identifying business opportunities in the food industry through the mediating role of strategic agility. Methodology This empirical study is a descriptive correlational research. In terms of philosophy, this research is a deductive research based on the positivist paradigm. Besides, this research is considered cross-sectional in terms of time. The structural capital questionnaire proposed by Yasin et al. (2016), the strategic agility questionnaire proposed by Konha et al. (2019), and the opportunity identification questionnaire by Sambasivan, Abdol, and Yousef (2009) were used to measure the research variables. Structural equation modeling and PLS software have been used to analyze the data. Findings This study investigates the relationship between structural capital and strategic agility, as well as the effect of such relationships on the opportunism among 200 Iranian food companies with a variety of products. These large companies are regarded as leaders in offering new products. The results of PLS-SEM reveal that there are significantly positive relationships between structural capital, strategic agility, and opportunism of companies. In addition, strategic agility variables such as strategic sensitivity, resource fluidity, and bright perspectives have a significantly positive effect on identifying business opportunities. Besides, strategic agility plays the mediating role between structural capital and the identification of opportunities. Therefore, the present study can confirm the significant effect of structural capital on increasing strategic agility and identifying business opportunities in the food industry. Conclusion The findings of this study can help raise awareness of strategists and senior managers of food companies about the significant role of structural capital and strategic agility in the constant monitoring of the industry. In addition, it can improve opportunism capability in these companies.

Background and Aim: X-ray and gamma-ray are part of the electromagnetic waves that can penetrate into living tissues, ionizing radiation can lead to abnormal function. Despite radiology students could be exposed to ionization radiation during received training, their radiation dose has not evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood factors and thyroid hormones in the senior and freshman radiology students Materials and Methods: case-control study was performed in May-July 2018. the sample size has consisted of 60 freshman and senior radiology students (30 freshman and 30 senior radiology students) who were healthy and have not has blood diseases. Eventually, The blood factors of students were analyzed in the laboratory. Results: measuring blood factors such as white blood cell, erythrocyte, basophil, neutrophil, platelet, hemoglobin but the mean basophil, lymphocyte, T4, and TSH showed that Ionizing radiation causes significant changes in basophil, lymphocytes, and thyroid hormones (T4 and TSH ) in two groups of students, but there was no significant difference in others blood factors between two groups (P

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop and improve the multilayer fuzzy cognitive maps in structuring and analysis of problems with high dimensions by providing a quantitative framework. Methods: In this study, the Self-Organizing Map method and Graph Theory and Matrix Approach has been combined in the multilayer fuzzy cognitive maps approach. Based on this approach, problem structuring is done by clustering and creating a multilayer structure for cognitive mapping. Results: The developed method in the present study has been used to analyze the problem of sustainable supply chain management achievement in the petrochemical industry. According to the results of data analysis based on the presented approach, "cooperation in the supply chain", "organizational development" and "management commitment to sustainable development" are the most effective factors in enabling sustainable supply chain management. Conclusion: Based on the method presented in the present study, the problem is modeled by clustering components and creating a multilayer structure for cognitive mapping. The method presented in the present study can model problems with a large number of intervening variables. The proposed method in this study can model problems with a high number of variables.

Background and Objectives: Due to the high limitations of gluten-free diet, it seems that the diversity of diet in patients with celiac disease is affected. Therefore, in order to provide specific dietary advices to these patients, it is necessary to conduct a study on the diversity of these patients' diets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the dietary diversity score in adult patients with celiac disease. Material and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 130 celiac patients were selected from the celiac disease (CD) registry database of East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The dietary intake data was obtained by an 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. For determining diet diversity score (DDS), food items were categorized in five groups and 23 subgroups. To be counted as a "consumer" for any of the food groups categories, a respondent needed to consume one-half serving. The total score was between 0 and 10 and each subgroup score was between 0 and 2. The higher scores indicate the better diet diversity and the values less than 3, 3-5 and six and over were considered as low, moderate and high diet diversity scores respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS. The DDS was compared between adherences and non-adherents with on-way ANCOVA by adjusting to cofounding factors including age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, disease duration and gluten-free diet duration. Results: The mean age of celiac patients was 36.74±8.61 years. The mean total DDS was 3.97 ±1.36. The highest DDS was related to the fruit group (1.42 ± 0.68) and the lowest score was related to the meat group (0.40 ± 0.68). The result of covariance test showed that there were no significant differences between adherents and non-adherents regarding the DDS total score and subgroups scoes (P>0.05). The total DDS was less than 3 in 22.5% of patients, was between 3 and 5 in 73.3% of patients and six and over in 4.16% of patients. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the celiac patients had low DDS in all food groups. So, from the practical point of view, necessary educations should be provided to celiac patients to consume the gluten-free alternative to increase their diet diversity.

Due to the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, there are some measures to be taken to improve the symptoms. The purpose of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of emotion schema therapy on rumination and the extreme accountability of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It was semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stage. The population of the study included people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to the Artiman counseling center of Mashhad in 2019. A number of 16 individuals were selected by available sampling and they were divided randomly into two experimental and control groups. The Ruminant Response Style Questionnaire and California Accountability Scale were used to collect data. The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that emotion schema therapy effects on reducing rumination and extreme accountability of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Emotional schema therapy can be effective in reducing mental rumination and extreme accountability of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is suggested that by using these variables by medical centers, the organizations can be taken to take effective steps to improve the mental health of individuals

Hypothesis: Epoxy (EP) systems, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, are one of the most widely used resins in various industries including coatings, electronic equipment and composite components in the world. Despite this widespread use, epoxies exhibit weaker toughness properties than semi-crystalline polymers due to their amorphous structure. Many factors such as the amount of softening phase, temperature, and time have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of this resin. Thus, we investigated the effect of three factors including polyurethane content (A), curing temperature (B) and time (C) on the mechanical properties and molecular structure of epoxy resin.Methods: Response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD) was used to optimize the mechanical properties of these composites. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and elongation-at-break of the samples were obtained by tensile test. Furthermore, the thermal properties such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus were measured by a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Ultimately, a molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine the effect of annealing temperature on the interaction energy between the epoxy and polyurethane. In this respect, the chemical structure of the EP/PU composites was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflection (DRS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).Findings: The results showed that the Tg and mechanical properties of EP resin strongly depended upon cure temperature and plasticizer phase. The optimal values of parameters A, B and C for maximum tensile strength were 4% by weight, 100°C and 2.4 h, respectively.

Arcobacter butzelri is known as the cause of enteritis, abdominal cramps, bacteremia, and appendicitis in humans, it is also the cause of enteritis and abdominal pain in animals. It has been introduced as the most dangerous species for human health by the International Committee on Food Microbiology and recently as an important zoonotic pathogen. The aim of this study was isolatation and characterization of Arcobacter butzelri based on pathogenic genes (tlyA, ciaB, mviN) in different seasons. Therefore, 238 samples were collected from the effluent of poultry slaughterhouse in Tonekabon, Iran. The suspected colonies were identified using biochemical test and then confirmed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of 42 isolated of A. butzleri, the virulence genes were detected in 15 isolates. The results showed that ciaB gene was present in 13 strains with a frequency of 30.9%, mviN in 11 samples with a frequency of 26.2%, and tlyA gene in 9 samples with a frequency of 21.4%. The results also revealed that the highest frequency of A. butzelri was 8.4% in spring and the lowest rate was 1.2% in winter.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in reducing psychological symptoms in patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all female patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome in Mashhad who referred to Ferdowsi University Clinical Psychology Clinic, Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals in Mashhad. Among the volunteers, 16 were They were selected from interview and initial screening by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Albanian Panic Questionnaire, Krupp Fatigue and Generalized Anxiety Inventory (GAD-7) and the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and one-way analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in reducing psychological symptoms (P

The complexity of the social and political situation in Iran after the constitutional era led to the emergence of local governments and the weakness of the central government. With the famine of the last years of the last century, riots and insecurities intensified. One of these events that took place in the ruling region of Thalas (Golpayegan, Khansar and Khomein) was the revolt of Agha Mirza Mohammad Mehdi (Seqat-alEslam Shahidi). His disobedience has created insecurity in the region for years. He was eventually defeated by government forces and executed along with a number of his comrades.This research uses surviving documents, references to books and articles written in the field of local history, references to documents in the National Archives and Library of Iran, references to documents in the library and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, as well as interviews with local characters. An attempt has been made to find out the background of the Shahidi family through library and field methods and the reasons for his disobedience to the government of Tehran; Also find out the reasons for his execution.The results of this study show that - contrary to the narrations narrated by Azam al-Wazarah - the local wars had nothing to do with political issues and revolutionary events. These incidents were just a personal dispute between the clergy over the endowed lands and material interests.

Introduction: The only option for treatment of end stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran is the third largest liver transplantation center in Iran. In this study, the outcomes of this center have been studied during the past 5 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pre and post transplantation’s clinical, demographic and outcome data of all patients who received liver transplant at Afzalipour Hospital during the past 5 years have been collected and reviewed. SPSS software ver. 16 was used to analyze the data. Results: Forty-three patients have received liver transplantation during this time interval. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 77%. The most common cause of death was primary nonfunction graft after transplantation. The most common complication was acute rejection (15%), all of which were successfully treated with corticosteroids. Conclusion: Due to increment of cases of acute and chronic liver failure in the community and since the final treatment of these cases is liver transplantation, so there is need to develop liver transplant centers in the future. Quantitative and qualitative study of the activity of centers based liver transplant in Iran is necessary to set up successful centers.

Objective: Today, one of the most important concerns of the oil industry is sustainable development. Achieving sustainability requires recognizing the factors that affect sustainability, their dynamic relationships, and the right decisions of senior executives. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the sustainable development policies of the Iranian oil products transportation network based on the dynamic behavior of sustainability variables. Methods: In this study, the factors affecting economic, social and environmental sustainability were identified based on the research background and the opinion of industry experts and the dynamic model of sustainability of this network was designed with the system dynamics approach. Optimal policies with different sustainability strategies were then evaluated and analyzed based on the behavior of the main variables of sustainability. Results: Based on the background of research and opinion of industry experts, 22 factors were selected as factors affecting economic, social and environmental sustainability and five strategies including reducing transportation costs, increasing community satisfaction, reducing environmental pollution, reducing accidents and combining all the cases were considered to achieve sustainability in the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company. By applying policies appropriate to each strategy and comparing their results, it was found that the behavior of the main variables of sustainability shows a better trend by adopting the Fifth Strategy (Comprehensive Development). Conclusion: This research showed that sustainable development can be achieved by recognizing the factors affecting sustainability and causal relationship between them and evaluating and analyzing comprehensive sustainability policies based on the behavior of the main variables of sustainability.

Background and Objective: Given the nature of many development projects, it is necessary to evaluate their effects on human health. Due to the lack of a specific model, the purpose of this study was to provide a tool to prioritize the effects of construction and operation (C&O) of a combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) on physical health. Materials and Methods: By reviewing the documents and interviewing 15 experts, the variables affecting physical health in the C&O of the CCPPs were identified. Then, the content validity of the variables was assessed and the enumerated questionnaire was provided to the experts to determine the range, duration, probability, magnitude and extent of health effects using a multiple-choice Likert scale. Finally, with an innovative method, high priority variables were determined to evaluate the physical health effects on individuals. Results: According to expert’s comments, 480 variables affecting physical health in the C&O of the CCPPs were selected and 41 variables were rejected based on the content validity index. The obtained results showed that diseases attributed to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), SO2 and nitrogen oxide, under normal and emergency conditions, highly contributed to the physical health problems during the construction of CCPPs. Conclusion: The method presented in this study is applicable to (1) identifies the factors affecting physical health, (2) determines the range of each physical health- associated factor and (3) prioritizes influencing criteria that might affect human health status during the construction and operation of a combined cycle power plant.

Anti-arrogance in Imam Khomeini's political thought; Based on semantics on arrogance in Almizan InterpretationArrogance is one of the Quranic terms that have an important place in Imam Khomeini's political thought, but the semantic and executive organization of this idea has not been discussed by Imam Khomeini. In this article, based on the text-based interpretation method and relying on the Qur'an-Qur'an interpretation method, it is attempted to answer the question "What is the semantic and executive organization of starkness in Imam Khomeini's political thought?" A commentary on the Holy Qur'an, based on the interpretation of al-Mizan Allameh Tabataba'i, as a contemplative thinker, be explained. Then, along with it, it is shown that the same literature mentioned in the Holy Qur'an has been taken into consideration in Imam Khomeini's political thought, and he has explained its foundations and dimensions in their political thought and practice. Therefore, it is claimed that the semantic and executive organization of arrogantism in Imam Khomeini's political thought and practice is documented in the Holy Qur'an and can be illustrated by the use of al-Mizan's interpretation and explains and illustrates the concept of arrogant Qur'anic literature. The findings show that the dimensions of this issue can be seen in the policy of "supporting the oppressed against the arrogant", "peaceful relations with the non-arrogant" and "continuing the struggle with the arrogant".key words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unificationkey words: Quran, anti-arrogance, weakness, Imam Khomeini, Allameh Tabataba'ee, Almizan interpretation, unification

Introduction: Studies investigating effects of spiritual interventions on the quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer are insufficient and contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of spiritual intervention based on Islam with group cognitive therapy in palliative care on the quality of life, anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer. Materials & Methods: A total of 26 Muslim women with breast cancer aged 36-58 years participated in this study with a pre (Mid) and posttest design, as well as a follow up and a control group. They were selected from the patients referred to Ala cancer prevention and control center in Isfahan, Iran, and the oncology ward of Mustafa Khomeini Medical University Hospital in Ilam, Iran, during 2018. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight weekly sessions of Islamic-based intervention. On the other hand, the control group received group cognitive therapy based on the Free model as standard therapy in the same sessions and at the same time. Quality of Life Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were utilized to collect data. The data were then analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA. Ethics code: IR.IUMS.REC.1396.1031 Findings: According to the results of repeated measures ANCOVA, Islamic-based intervention showed no statistically significant differences in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores. However, regarding the clinical significance perspective, an improvement was observed in anxiety scores in both groups. In other words, 61.53% of participants in both groups obtained a significant reduction in anxiety level. Considering the improvement of depression levels, cognitive group therapy was more effective than Islamic-based intervention in the reduction of depression levels (76.42% vs 53.48%). Discussions & Conclusions: According to the findings, regarding the clinical significance perspective, Islamic-based intervention decreased anxiety and depression levels significantly; however, the data showed no improvements in the quality of the life of the patients.

Background and aims: Decades after the introduction of nanotechnology as a new field of research and production, the pace of development of this field has been remarkable. These advances have enabled nanomaterials to be used in various sectors and industries including electronics, optics, consumer goods, energy production and storage, soil and water conservation, as well as in medicine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Worldwide sales of nanomaterials were $ 22.9 billion in 2013 and with annual growth of 19.8%, it is expected to reach US $ 64.2 billion by the end of 2019; Therefore, many economists consider the production and use of nanomaterials an integral part of future economic activities. These advances are due to the unique physico-chemical and biological properties of nanoscale materials. The large surface-to-volume ratio, size and surface characteristics of nanomaterials are the most important physico-chemical properties of them. The specific physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials have led them to show specific behaviors in interaction with biological systems; The most important of these behaviors are moving towards secondary target organs, poor clearance by macrophages, the ability to transmit through the axons of sensory neurons, and to reach intracellular structures such as mitochondria and the nucleus. These properties, in addition to their many applications, have also raised concerns about the potential effects of these substances on human health and the environment. These concerns have generated a large wave of research in the fields of nanomaterials safety, health and toxicology. Forecasts show that the number of staff exposed to nanomaterials will reach about 6 million by the end of 2020. Concerns are increasing day by day as the number of workers exposed to nanomaterials increases. In our country more than 200 companies are active in the field of production and using nanomaterials. These companies have received 517 nanoscale certification for their products, until January 2019. Their products are exported to 49 countries and 5 continents worldwide. The increasing growth of these activities in the country necessitates attention to the safety, health and environmental aspects of nanotechnology. According to what was said, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the symptoms of employees of nanomaterials producing and consuming companies with chemical composition (as a factor affecting the type and severity of effects) and physical state (as an influencing factor on exposure) of the nanomaterials. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2018 among employees of nanotechnology companies in Tehran. Specifications of the companies were provided by correspondence with the Ministry of Industry, Mine & Trade. Of the companies invited, 52 companies agreed to participate in the study. Staff symptoms were assessed using a nonspecific symptoms questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and validated in a period of two months by a team of 19 experts in the fields of occupational health, occupational medicine, toxicology, medical nanotechnology and health education. The required information about the occupational characteristics, chemical composition and physical state of the nanomaterials used in the companies was also collected using the NanoTool method form. The questionnaire and the form were then emailed to staff exposed to nanomaterials. Staff inclusion criteria were "to have direct exposure to nanomaterials, that is, to produce or consume nanomaterials during their daily working processes" and "to have at least one year of experience". Of the 52 companies that agreed to participate in the study, 198 completed questionnaires and completed forms were received. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software. Frequency distribution tables and Chi-squared test, Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for this purpose. Results: The study of the characteristics of the subjects showed that their mean age was 33.76 (SD = 6.108) years; Their average work experience was 6.76 (SD = 5.217) years. Study participants were well educated, with 61.2% having a master's or doctorate degree. 49% (96) of the subjects were men and 51% (100) of them were women. Manufactured / consumed nanomaterials in companies were investigated in similar groups in terms of chemical composition (metal, metal oxide, carbonous and the others) and physical state (dry powder, suspension/ emulsion, paste/gel and the others). The results of investigating the frequency of symptoms of nanotechnology companies’ employees using nonspecific symptoms questionnaire showed that the frequency of some skin symptoms such as "redness", "itching" and "roughness" were 72.7%, 67.2% and 62.6%, respectively. the frequency of some respiratory symptoms were also high; "cough" (64.1%), "sneezing" (60.6%) and "sore throat" (60.1%). High-frequency ocular symptoms included "eye irritation" (66.2%), "itchy eyes" (28.3%), and "red eyes" (25.3%). Investigation of the correlation between the skin symptoms of the employees with the chemical composition and physical state of the nanomaterials used in the companies showed that the symptoms "skin roughness", "skin itching", "skin rash" and "hair loss" have significant correlation with the physical state of nanomaterials and "skin redness", " Skin darkness "and" skin rash" have significant relationship with the chemical composition of nanomaterials. Investigation of the relationship between employees' gastrointestinal symptoms with the chemical composition and physical state of the nanomaterials used in the companies showed that the symptoms "appetite suppression", "thirst", "nausea/vomiting" and "darkness of stool color" have significant relationship with the physical state of nanomaterials and "thirst", "Nausea/vomiting" and "inability to detect taste" have significant relationship with the chemical composition of nanomaterials. Evaluation of the relationship between neurological symptoms of staff with the physical state and chemical composition of nanomaterials showed the significant relationship between "movement problems" and chemical composition of nanomaterials. Also, "dizziness" and "sleeplessness/wakefulness" were significantly associated with both the chemical composition and the physical state of the nanomaterials. Investigating the relationship between the chemical composition and physical state of the nanomaterials with the respiratory symptoms of staff revealed "shortness of breath", "wheezing", "chest heaviness", "difficult breathing", "increased phlegm" and "voice change" significantly correlated with Both the chemical composition and the physical state of the nanomaterials. "Cough" was also significantly associated with the chemical composition of the nanomaterials. Examination of the correlation between ophthalmic symptoms and chemical composition and physical state of nanomaterials indicated that the symptoms "blurred vision" and "visual impairment" were significantly correlated with the chemical composition of the nanomaterials. Also, "increased eye gum" and "red eyes" were significantly associated with both the chemical composition and the physical state of the nanomaterials. Conclusion: Given the frequency of symptoms in staff exposed to nanomaterials, their statistical association with the chemical composition and physical state of nanomaterials, Staff's attitude toward nanomaterials that are generally considered safe, inadequate and generally inappropriate use of personal protective equipment appropriate to work with nanomaterials and lack of education and training about the effects of nanomaterials on health and the environment, existing these problems among the employees of these companies are reasonable and that is an important issue. Therefore, the following are suggested to reduce occupational exposure to nanomaterials: Provide adequate training to the staff of these companies in the areas of basic concepts of nanosafety, standard work procedures when working with nanomaterials, appropriate personal protective equipment for working with nanomaterials and using them properly and waste management of nanomaterials.

Purpose: Suppliers, as one of the vital partners of the supply chain, contribute to creating a sustainable supply chain. Also, resilient supplier selection can help to reduce the severity of the disruptions' effects. Thus, the simultaneous application of the sustainability and resilience principles in the process of supplier selection and order allocation plays a significant role in achieving sustainability and continuity of business processes in the occurrence of disruptions. This study aims to select a set of sustainable and resilient suppliers and to allocate demand in an automotive supply chain under disruption risks. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, a hybrid approach has been presented for evaluating and ranking suppliers based on sustainability criteria and modeling the problem of selecting a sustainable-resilient supplier and order allocation under disruption risks. VIKOR (Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje which means multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution, in Serbian) as a multi-criteria decision-making technique has been used to determine the sustainability score of suppliers and the results have been considered as the input parameter for the mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model is two-stage stochastic programming to minimize total cost and maximizing sustainability performance in the case of disruptions, which is solved using the Ɛ-constraint method. Multiple sourcing and flexibility in the production capacity of suppliers have been considered as effective strategies to reduce the severity of disruptions. Iran-Khodro supply chain data has been also used to validate the research model. Finally, sensitivity analysis has been performed to investigate the effects of parameters' change on the final results. Findings: The results indicated that by increasing the importance coefficient of sustainability performance in the supply chain, the overall value of the supply process increases during disruptions, and multiple sourcing and the use of suppliers' flexible capacity are effective strategies in reducing the severity of disruptions. Also, examining the effect of reliability on the expected cost indicates that the occurrence probability of disruption risk in suppliers can affect the total cost of the procurement process and can also reduce the sustainability goals. Research limitations/implications: In this research, the effect of disruption risk has been examined. As a subject of future study, the operational risk is suggested to be recognized in the supplier selection problem. Besides, unique events have been considered in the model of this research. In the future, semi-super and super events can be also studied. Finally, using other resilience strategies in supplier selection problem such as adopting backup suppliers, protecting suppliers, and pre-positioning inventory can be a potential direction for future research. Practical implications: The company under study can consider the results of the presented model and focus on utilizing suppliers' flexible capacity, multiple sourcing instead of single sourcing of parts, partially. Given the importance of sustainable development, particularly in automotive supply chains, it is essential to consider the sustainability performance of suppliers in sourcing decisions with disruption risk in addition to cost and reliability criteria. Thus, the company can evaluate the suppliers' sustainable performance in the occurrence of disruption to achieve sustainable development and business continuity and to meet the needs of stakeholders. Social implications: Due to the subject of this study, i.e. sustainable supplier selection in the resilient supply chain, the performance of each supplier has been evaluated based on social and environmental criteria to consider social responsibility and environmental issues in the sourcing decisions under disruption risk. Originality/value: A few studies have taken into account the dimensions of sustainability and supplier risk simultaneously in the field of supplier selection and demand allocation. Flexibility in the supply capacity of the supplier, as an effective resilience strategy, and economic criteria such as C/100 index, PPM production line, payday resistance, communication system, etc. have not been studied in the literature of sustainable and resilient supplier selection.

Hafiz’ discourse efforts to represent his age’s transcendental discourse, and resistance to its semantic system, with the aim of creating otherness and delegitimization , can be explained under the title of resistance discourse model. This article tries to offer a discourse-based study of resistance literature in Hafez’ Ghazals based on the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and Soltani’s discourse semiology model, by relying on a descriptive-analytical method. With this method, the work is explicated from textual, intertextual, and texture points of view. The main question is what the represented discourse systems in the text are and what relation they have with resistance discourse. It has become clear that there are four different sub-discourses in the text, namely domination, resistance, mysticism, and sufism, and the major existing semantic conflict of the text is the result of the confrontation between the sub-discourse of resistance and hegemonic discourse of the government of the time. The representation of identity specifications of socio-political strata related to the dominant discourse, with the aim of influencing the subjects’ minds, is among the discourse efforts of the author (Hafez) which has in its totality led to the explanation of the power image and its discourse identity.

Hypothesis: Due to the nature of a fused deposition modeling (FDM), by which the parts are fabricated layer by layer, many defects are prone to occur during printing of the products. Therefore, a few efficient solutions are required to minimize the defects and other shortcomings. The increase in the physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts using nanoparticles seems to be one of the methods. Methods: To improve the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), which is one of the most common materials employed in FDM technique, various amounts (1, 3 and 5 wt%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to the matrix through a melt mixing process. The filaments containing different MWCNTs contents, required for fabricating of the samples, were then prepared by extrusion. Next, the samples were printed with the layer thicknesses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mm and raster angles of +45/-45° and 0/90°. Several experiments such as the tensile and rheological tests as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were carried out to examine the nanocomposite samples.Finding: The SEM and TEM studies revealed that the nanoparticles were reasonably well dispersed throughout the matrix. The results of the tensile tests indicated that by addition of MWCNTs, the tensile strength and Young's modulus were increased by 21% and 103%, respectively, in comparison to those of the pristine material. It was also found that at a constant layer thickness, the maximum value of the tensile strength was obtained for the nanocomposite containing 3 wt% MWCNTs, however, the modulus progressively increased with the increase of the nanoparticles content. In addition, the change in raster angle showed no significant effect on the tensile properties, and the increasing of the layer thickness had an adverse effect on the properties for all the materials examined.

The process of aging seems inevitable. Humans face a process called aging through a biological process. Life expectancy at birth represents the average number of years a newborn baby may live, provided that his death probability for future years of life equals to the probability today. Various treatments have been used to increase life expectancy including compassion-focused therapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion-focused treatment on elderly life expectancy. It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all elderly living in Karaj nursing homes in 2018. The samples of this study consisted of 30 elderlies (15 experimental and 15 control groups) who were selected through available sampling and according to inclusion criteria. The experimental group received compassion focused therapy in 8 sessions, while the control group did not receive the therapy. Data were analyzed using a univariate analysis of covariance, and the results showed that compassion-focused treatment was effective in increasing life expectancy (P

Iran's criminal law in the material plurality crime is intended to aggravation of punishment the perpetrators but this is not so much in the immaterial plurality. the recognition of the immaterial plurality of the real is not easy. This difficulty is enhanced by the enactment of the Penal Code 1392 and generates the rule of “plurality of result” because there is a similarity between this two juridical foundations. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out a study of the conditions for the realization of the immaterial plurality. The question of this research is what are the conditions for the realization of immaterial plurality and what is the point of differentiation and sharing with similar titles? The results of this study indicate that the conditions for the realization of the immaterial plurality are numerous; one of the most important of these is committing a unit behavior and violating more than one article of the Criminal law. Also, the most important aspect of differentiation of the immaterial plurality of the plurality of result is that, in the plurality of result from the unit behavior, various results are obtained, but in the immaterial plurality of the unit behavior, the unit result is obtained.

Background: The New coronavirus (SARS COV-2) can cause acute respiratory disease and also multiorgan dysfunction. There is insufficient data about kidney involvement in children. So, this study was done on children with COVID-19 to evaluate nephrological involvement. Methods: All children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 who were admitted in Children Hospital .were enrolled. They were admitted in hospital from March 2020 to July 2020. Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium and urinalysis were evaluated. Also, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by Schertz's formula. All patients were evaluated by chest x-ray and/or computerized tomography scanning (CTS). The data were analyzed by SPSS software and P value less than 0.05 was determined as significant. Results: Forty-seven children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 were enrolled to this study. At admission, 23.4 and 27.7 of children with COVID-19 had abnormal increase in serum BUN and creatinine, respectively. Also 78.8 and 25.5 of children had GFR less than 90 and 60 ml/min /1.732, respectively. Additionally, 13/47 (27.7) of children had abnormal urine analysis (microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria). There wasn’t a significant relationship between pulmonary lesions and abnormal reduction of GFR (P

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID -19 infection a global pandemic. Children have milder disease than adults but different aspects of disease in children are not fully understood. Case presentation: We describe 5 pediatric patients with COVID-19 that referred to Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran. The youngest patient was 4 years old and the oldest was 12 years old. Three patients were males. None of the patients had a history of contacts with symptomatic patients with COVID -19. The most common symptoms included fever, cough, anorexia, weakness and diarrhea. One patient had gastrointestinal symptoms without respiratory symptoms. All patients had elevated ESR and CRP. Three of them had lymphopenia. RT-PCR was positive in all patients. Management included supportive care, antibiotics, antiviral treatment and hydroxychloroquine. All patients were discharged with good condition. Conclusion: Children may have a variety of symptoms including respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Mortality is rare in children and prognosis is better than the adults.

Background and Aims: Regarding the high prevalence of caries and oral dental diseases, especially in the elderly, and the increasing attention of people to using the concept of quality of life, this study was conducted to determine the relation between oral and dental health and the quality of life in elderly people in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Yazd Public Health Survey (YAHS) with a sample of 9293 people, in 1393-94. All information was collected from 1907 elderly people aged between 60 to 70 years, including quality of life and oral and dental indexes from the comprehensive questionnaire of YAHS. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS16 software. Results: There was a significant relationship between the quality of life and oral hygiene (P

A word is the smallest unit in the language that has 'form' and 'meaning'. The word might have more than one meaning in which its exact meaning is determined according to the context it is appeared. Collecting all words’ senses manually is a tedious and time consuming task. Moreover, it is possible that the words’ meanings change over time such that the meaning of an existing word will become unusable or a new meaning will be added to the word. Computational methods is one of the approaches used for identifying words’ senses with respect to the linguistic contexts. In this paper, we put an effort to propose an algorithm to identify senses of Persian words automatically without a human supervision. To reach this goal, we utilize the word embedding method in a vector space model. To build words’ vectors, we use an algorithm based on the neural network approach to gather the context information of the words in the vectors. In the proposed model of this research, the divisive clustering algorithm as one of hierarchical clustering algorithms fits with the requirements of our research question. In the proposed model, two modes, namely the Sentence-based and the Context-based, are introduced to identify words’ senses. In the Sentence-based mode, all of the words in a sentence that contain the target word are involved to build the sentence vector; while in the Context-based mode, only a limited number of surrounding words of the target word is involved to build the sentence vector. Two evaluation methods, namely internal and external, are required to evaluate the performance of the clustering algorithm. The silhouette score for each cluster is computed as the internal evaluation metric for both modes of the proposed model. The external evaluation requires a gold standard data for which a data set containing 20 ambiguous words and 100 sentences for each target word is developed. According to the obtained results of the internal evaluation, the Sentence-based mode has higher density of clusters than the Context-based mode, and the difference between them is statistically significant. According to the V- and F-measure evaluation metrics in the external evaluation, the Context-based mode has obtained higher performance against the baselines with statistically significant difference.

Objectives: Agency problems arise as a result of the conflict of interests between managers and shareholders. Auditing is considered as an effective way to limit the power of managers in contractual relationships. The basis of this paper is examining the role of funding constraints in changing the interactive effect between managers’ over-confidence and auditing fees. Method: The data of the companies, listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2006 to 2016, have been extracted and the combined data regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results indicate that excessive self-confidence and financial constraints lead to changes in audit fees. Also, the results indicate that financing constraints have a significant effect on the joint interaction of management`s over-confidence and the audit fees.

Objective:Compensation for sensitive political careers has always been a topic of discussion for academicians, policymakers and social activists. The subject of this article is the assumption that the parameters affecting the compensation of such services are based on an equality-based or equity-based approach and are the result of the risks or responsibilities underlying within the organizational positions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of political sensitivity on the compensation of senior managers in Iranian state ministries with the mediating role of political networking and the moderating role of institutional pressure. Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and correlational descriptive in terms of data collection. In this study, 471 senior managers of 18 state ministries were considered as the statistical population at the level of Deputy Minister or Chief of General Staff and then 234 senior managers were selected based on simple stratified sampling method using Cochran formula. Results: Political sensitivity has a significant direct impact on compensation for senior managers' services. It is also proved effective indirectly and through the mediating variable of political networking in which sensitive political office holders manage stakeholders and participate in power and coalition network which will finally affect their service compensation. However, the institutional pressure resulted from social norms moderates the relationship between political sensitivity and compensation. Conclusion: Political sensitivity is one of the most important factors affecting the compensation of senior managers that affect the compensation of senior managers either directly or through political networking and forced, imitative and normative institutional pressures. Research results in the areas of political sensitivity, institutional pressures, and political networking develop theoretical innovations and help managers, institutions, and executive parties understand how political sensitivity affects senior managers' compensation emphasizing political networking and institutional pressure.

Objective: Providing a bi-level programming model to solve the simultaneous problem of supplier selection and order allocation in multi-echelon supply chain is sought. The model will be proposed so that at the leader level, the supplier selection problem with the objective of increasing system reliability and at the follower level, the order allocation problem with the objective of reducing cost of system are formulated and customers’ demand at the last echelon of the supply chain is considered as an uncertain parameter. Methods: Modeling the supplier selection and order allocation problem is based on the bi-level programming model, so the robust optimization technique was used to deal with the problem of uncertainty and a bi-level genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimal solutions. Results: The results obtained from solving a real problem in the steel industry under various scenarios indicated that there is an opposing relationship between reliability and cost objectives, and increasing the number of chain members can lead to an increase in system reliability and cost. On the other hand, as increased reliability can lead to higher system costs, reliability reduction, which is mainly due to lack of quality and deficiency issues, can also lead to an increase in customers' dissatisfaction and, ultimately, an increase in aggregate system costs. Moreover, the results obtained in uncertain conditions, in comparison with definite conditions, indicated an unfavorable situation. Conclusion: In order to improve the reliability of supply chain, the average reliability of the echelons in supply chain, which are at the lowest (highest) level in comparison to other echelons, should increase (decrease) in order to avoid additional costs. Besides, the interactive approach in proposed methodology provides a suitable solution for maximizing the interests of leader and follower levels.

The characteristic of classical public policy was the will to power by a government that authoritatively and centrally formulated its policies and implemented them in the society under its control. With the increase of emerging problems and challenges that are affecting other problems in a complicated and rhizome- like way, the complexity of the government's actions and their consequences has doubled as governments are forced to make changes in the nature of their public policy. This paradigm shift aimed at enhancing the capability and promoting government action in policy design and implementation implies a decentralized and network approach rather than a centralized and government-based one, an approach that focuses on a broad set of policy tools or technologies for public action, rather than the "institution" and "program", to solve public issues. More recent experiences are more inclined to the topic of 'policy baskets' or the arrangement of tools in 'policy blends' that form the content of a toolbox from which governments can choose and construct public policies. The present article, by adopting an epistemological approach, narrates the dimensions of this paradigm shift in identifying new public policy approaches; an attempt to understand the late logic of public policy knowledge based on the recreation of the role of government that has led to the emergence of new forms of network, multilevel and multipurpose governance.

Background and Aim: Hematological values ​​in people are affected by various factors such as race, environment, time, test method, sample collection site, and age. Given the fact that these factors can differ with each other in different populations, these differences can lead to differences in the results of hematological reference rates. Therefore, we decided to identify a normal range of blood factors in a large sample of the adult population living in South Khorasan. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2015, a crowd of 5,000 selected from cluster-based adults in Birjand in 2015 and hematological parameters were determined in 4360 healthy subjects. Finally, the data were described using descriptive statistics. Results: The counts for the total white blood cells, red blood cells, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and Mean cell volume values ​​for males and females were determined. The mean Hemoglobin values ​​were 15.01 ± 3.13 and 14.01± 1.8 in male and female respectively and the mean Hematocrit was 45.81± 7.52 and 42.59± 5.99 in males and females, respectively. The minimum leukocyte counts were lower than those reported in existing references. However, a higher rate of Eosinophil and Monocyte was obtained among the subjects. Conclusion: Although in general, hematological factors in Southern Khorasan are similar to the values mentioned in other references, but in some cases, there are also differences that can be useful in evaluating them.

Pharmaceutical Industry in Iran has difficulties such as inappropriate distribution, expired drugs and late drug delivery to patients. To overcome these issues and reach a sustainable development, the environmental and social aspects must be considered beside the economic aspects. In this paper, we address the Pharmaceutical distribution network and design a novel model that helps the distributing companies to decide strategic (determining the main and local distribution centers) and tactical decision (determining the flow) according to the three aspects of sustainability. The solution through the evolutionary algorithms presents the best selection of local distribution centers and the optimum amount of flow of medicine through the network with respect to three aspects of sustainability. Introduction: In order to compete in the universal market, pharmaceutical companies must amend their competency. This coemption market needs to select the certain level of commitment for sustainability aspects to reach the sustainable supply chains. For this purpose, this study considers three aspects of sustainability (i.e. economical, environmental, and social pillars) to design the pharmaceutical distribution network. So, the model has three objective functions. The first function is to minimize the cost of transportation through the network, the second is to minimize the CO2 emissions through the network and the third is to maximize the job creation through the network. Carter and Rogers (2008) used the concept of ‘true sustainability’. They suggested that the consideration of environmental and social issues should be “coupled with economic objectives” and assist the company’s strategic long-term planning. Mota et al. (2014) considered this research question: “How can sustainability be integrated in to supply chains' design and planning decisions?” Several methods and frameworks have been proposed to evaluate environmental effects. Materials and Methods: This model is a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and is NP-hard. We have used the evolutionary algorithms (NSGA-II, MOPSO) to solve the problem and achieve the Pareto frontier. The Taguchi design experimental design has been used in order to tune the parameters of the algorithm. For comparing two evolutionary algorithms’ performance indicators of spacing (S), mean ideal distance (MID), Time and number of solutions (NOS) have been calculated. Results and Discussion: As a real case study, the proposed model is used in Darupakhsh. This company is one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies in Iran. The model has been customized with Darupakhsh’s features for selected medicine. This company has a main distribution center and twenty local distribution centers. Twenty important customers have been assumed in this research. Solving the model with the evolutionary algorithms of NSGA-II and MOPSO and comparing to traditional method of weighted sum, highlighted the superior of MOPSO in economical and environmental aspects. The weighted sum method had a better answer in the social aspect. Overall, the power of evolutionary algorithms have been proved because of the Pareto frontier present to the researcher. Conclusion: This research focused on designing the sustainable pharmaceutical distribution network. The proposed model is a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP). This model was tested in Darupakhsh Company. In this case, MOPSO had better performance than NSGA-II. The solution presents the best selection of local distribution centers and the optimum amount of flow of medicine through the network with respect to three aspects of sustainability.For further research, studying the uncertain parameters in this model and a suitable approach to deal with uncertainty could be proposed. References Ahmadi, A., Mousazadeh, M., Torabi, S. A., & Pishvaee, M. S. (2018). “OR Applications in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management”. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. 262,461–491. Mota,B., Gomes, Ke., Carvalho, A., & Barbosa-Povoa, A. (2014). “Towards supply chain sustainability: economic, environmental and social design and planning”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 14–27. Mousazadeh, M., Torabi, S.A., & Zahiri, B. (2015). “A robust Possibilistic Programming approach for pharmaceutical supply chain network design”, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 82, 115- 128.

The root of the nature, the reasons and the quality of sociopolitical leaders' thought is hidden in their epistemological system. Understanding this system helps to recognize the influential components in analyzing sociopolitical issues from the viewpoint of the person. Although there are many scientific works regarding the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei, there has not been a work which investigates his epistemological system in analyzing sociopolitical issues. Using a descriptive-analytical method and having an epistemological approach, seeks to discover the epistemological system of Ayatollah Khamenei in sociopolitical issues. In answering the question that what criteria Ayatollah Khamenei uses in analyzing sociopolitical issues, we came to the conclusion that his epistemological system analyzes the sociopolitical issues by relying on the four processes of recognition that is the possibility of recognizing political issues, the capability of accepting the truth or falsehood of political events, the possibility of recognizing the true political event from the false one and the relationship between political events. The most important distinction of his epistemological system from that of other political analysts is the combination of experiential data with logical evaluations and revelational adjustment.

This study aimed to present an islamic approach of CBT in the treatment of OCD and its effectiveness compared with Abramowitz cognitive-behavioral therapy. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this research. The first part of the study (an islamic approach of CBT) was qualitative method of analysis using islamic resources. The quantitative research was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest Includes three groups Cognitive-behavioral Islamic, Cognitive-Behavioral Abramovitz and the control group. Twelve people in each group were examined. Among the people who referred to counseling centers with obsessive complaints, 36 patients were studied by available sampling method. In this study, the mancova and clinical significance index was performed. The results showed Religious therapy is effective in the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and most of its symptoms and reduces obsessions beyond Abramovitz's cognitive-behavioral therapy. clinical significance index was positive in 10 patients in the experimental group, In 6 patients in the comparison group and no one in the control group. The results showed that the pattern of cognitive-behavioral therapy Affecting the false religious-moral meanings (pathologic guilt) Reduces severity and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and so, in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, it completes the cognitive-behavioral therapy of Abramovitz.

So far a variety of programs have been executed on religious education but effectiveness of them is doubt. Therefore it is necessary to arrange some kind of religious education so that it could enable us to empirically examine its effectiveness. To address this necessity the aim of this study was development and validation the religiosity interactional program for University students. The research was an applied quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group (multiple groups with one control group). The experimental group consisted of 117 students selected by convenience method which fell under ten experimental groups, each receiving training for one part of the educational package. The Religiosity Scale Short Form (Khodayari frd et al. 2009) was used for assessment of religiosity. Results showed religiosity interactional package had significant effect on religious beliefs and behaviors but no effect on the score of general religious practice and the religious emotions. The effectiveness of the educational package on the religious belief and behavior may be clarified by concepts such as the influence of appearance on inner world, brotherhood, social support, modeling for moral or religious life and the equivalence of spirituality and religiosity from Islamic point of view. This study also proved that there are serious restrictions in application of an empirical method to examine the effectiveness of the religious education program, which could influence the results of the study.

Background: Considering the role of marriage in life and its effect on lifestyle and general health, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between marital status and general health among the students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 330 students from the fourth year in 9 medical sciences fields of study in years 2015-2016 were participated. Students were selected on the basis of random sampling, and their demographic information was recorded after obtaining consent for participation in the study. Economic status of individuals and their mental health status [by General health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28)] were evaluated, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Most of the married participants were women in this study (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between single and married subjects based on the field of study (P = 0.030). But there was no significant difference between the two groups based on socioeconomic status (P = 0.060). According to the GHQ28 questionnaire, the score of disorder in social function was significantly higher in single subjects (P = 0.006). There was also a significant difference between different fields of study based in physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, depression and social function disorder (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Married students of medical sciences had better social function than single students, and had similar results in other mental health-related factors. On the other hand, mental health in some fields of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing and midwifery was not appropriate, and policies should be developed to improve the mental health status of students in these fields.

Xanthomonas is an important plant pathogenic bacteria and cause economic losses in a wide range of crop plants. The type III secretion system as a crucial pathogenicity factor is used to inject effector proteins into the host cell. Transcription activator like effectors (TALEs), known in the most Xanthomonas species, are DNA-binding proteins which determine solely the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. Because of determinative nature of TALE-target gene interaction, the knowledge of pathogen TALome diversity, forecasting susceptibility genes, genome editing using new developed methods have provided novel strategies for management of plant diseases. This article reviews TALEs structure, their role in pathogenicity and resistance, as well development of resistant plants to Xanthomonas using TALome derived results.

Inequality in Distribution of Human Resource in Health Sector: Case Study of Dentists in Fars Province Moalemi Somayeh1, Meshkani Zahra2, Moosavi Nejad Seyed Masood3, ValipourYekani Neda4* 1. MSc of Health Economics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. Ph.D. Student in Health Economics, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. M.D, Ph.D. Student in Health Service Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sciences & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. MSc in Health Service Management, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Correspondence: Department of Management and Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, 16 Azar Street, Enghelab square, Tehran, Iran Tel: 00982138244274 Email: nedavalipour9@yahoo.com Abstract: Background & Objectives: Oral and dental disorders have a significant role in the development of diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. So prevention of oral and dental problems should be one of the most important health system priorities. On the other hand, the fair distribution of dentists for a full coverage of the whole country is not suitable. In this study, the distribution of dentists and their density in Fars province were investigated. Methods: In this descriptive study, population statistics of Fars Province, as well as the number of active dentists in the public sector in each county in 2015 And 2016 were obtained from the Iranian Statistics Center and the Deputy of Health of Fars province. Finally, using the Gini and Robin Hood indices, the distribution of dentists was studied. Results: Gini index for dentists in 2015 and 2016 was calculated as 0.32 and 0.27, respectively, and 503 and 485 dentists had to be redistributed in order to achieve a complete equality. Accordingly, the number of dentists in the city of Shiraz should be reduced in order to be redistributed in other cities. Conclusion: Health care policy makers should distribute dentists in different parts of the country according to their needs and based on the extent of deprivation of the areas, the success rate of past interventions in maintaining human resources, and the increasing or decreasing trend of the Decay-missing-filled teeth index in recent years. Key­words: Dentists, Equal distribution, Redistribution, Service benefits, Gini index, Robin Hood index ­Citation: Moalemi S, Meshkani Z, Moosavi Nejad SM, ValipourYekani N. Inequality in Distribution of Human Resource in Health Sector: Case Study of Dentists in Fars Province. Journal of Health Based Research 2018; 4(3): 261-72. [In Persian]

Objective: Combating and reducing governmental corruption is a permanent concern of the rulers and a variety of approaches and instruments have been used to achieve this goal. While the majority of solutions are focused on the consequences and post-control, the new approaches emphasize the designing of pre-control and controlling systems and laws that are known as structural capital. This research studies the effect of structural capital on reducing corruption with the mediating role of individual motivations in governmental departments of Kerman province in Iran. Methods: The present descriptive-exploratory research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on the deductive research and positivism paradigm in term of philosophy. The statistical population of the study was 1817 employees of different governmental departments of Kerman province. Based on the Morgan table, a sample of 317 employees was selected based on stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, Bechini’s structural capitalization questionnaire (2015), Afzali’s corruption (2011) and the individual motivations of Khotbe Sara's companion (2004) have been used. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and for data analysis, structural equation modeling and PLS software were used. Results: Findings of the research show that structural capital has a significantly positive effect on reducing corruption and personal incentives in committing corruption. Conclusion: The results showed that structural capital affects both directly and also through individual motivations on the reduction of administrative corruption in governmental agencies.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first cause of mortality worldwide, with all the healthcare systems facing this very challenging issue. Aspirin continues to be the major gold-standard treatment worldwide in the prevention of thrombotic disease in patients with CVD, even though not all individuals respond to antiplatelet therapy in a similar way, being resistant to aspirin. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance in CVD patients worldwide. Methods: Relevant articles were identified through searching EMBASE, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI /Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, from January 2000 to February 2018. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The pooled prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance was computed using the Der Simonian-Laird random-effect model. Results: We included 65 studies, with a total of 10,729 patients. The overall prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance in CVD patients was 24.7% ([95%CI 21.4-28.4]. Women were found to be at increased risk of laboratory defined aspirin resistance compared to men, with an odds ratio of 1.16 [95%CI 0.87-1.54]. Conclusion: Doctors and healthcare providers should pay special attention to aspirin resistance since lack of awareness could cause problems and increase mortality in these patients, if not properly treated with higher aspirin doses.

Khialinegari is an expression for describing a kind of narrative painting which has religious, heroic, epic, lyrical and popular content. It spread in Qajar era according to folk art and religious art while was impressed by the tradition of conventional painting of that period. Some of the researchers believe that this kind of painting has created According to necessity and the willing of the people, whilst conserving all the religious and traditional values of the art of Iran. These paintings are full of presentive, thematic bases and visual structures. Although many valuable studies have been done during the years about it, there are lots of undetected aspects of Khialinegari. This article is looking for the answer of this question that "have contents, subjects and visual structures suddenly formed in Qajar`s Khabouialinegari or have they history in Iranian painting?" To answer this question and achieve the background of Khialinegari we try to study the features of a period of visual art of Iran, from the Ancient to Qajar era, for finding the common aspects of it in contents, subjects and visual structures with Khialinegari. It is a fundamental and theoretical research. This study has been executed using descriptive and comparative analysis methods. The results of this research has shown that Qahvekhane`e`s painting or Khialinegari is a particular style of painting art. It is one of the pop arts with a history in the Iranian society which has emerged from the Iranian traditions. What is known these days as a Qahvekhane`e painting is Qajar`s version of it that is different in terms of figurative features, contents, material and the slangy subjects belonging to Qajars era, but this kind of painting is very older than Qajar period.

Introduction The Kuh-Zar copper-gold mineralization is located in 110 km south of Damghan at Torud-Chah Shirin volcanic-plotonic belt. Stream sediments are used as useful technique in the regional geochemical exploration. Mineralogy, geochemistry and particle size of stream sediments reflecting the composition of source rocks, mechanical and chemical weathering, morphological and hydrological features of the basin, sorting, and climate, as well as several other factors. It is important to consider the influence of geochemical and mineralogical controls on particle size distribution of stream sediments. Studies of distribution of trace elements in relation to the size fraction of stream sediments generally show that several elements, including Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe are concentrated in the finest fractions of the sediments. Therefore the majority of stream sediment surveys have been based on the collection of < 200 µm materials. The Forum of European Geological Survey standard sieve mesh is < 150 µm. However, in present study geochemical distribution of elements investigate in various size fractions of stream sediments to obtain optimum mesh size. Material and methods In order to achieve the scope of this study were collected samples from stream sediments, igneous rocks, and silicic veins. The number of 11 thin, thin-polished, and polished samples was studied by optical microscope. To study the effect of particle size distribution on stream sediment geochemistry, 6 stations was selected on the base of lithological, alteration, mineralization, tectonic, and watershed criteria. Each silt sample in every site consisted of 25 sub-samples that were collected along some 30–50 m from active part of stream channel. Silt samples at the field have been screened by a sieve of 2 mm to remove coarse sand. Each sample has been screened with a series sieve from 0.063 to 2 mm (ASTM codes). The ratio of size fractions was determined by weighing of each fraction. All of size fractions were digested in HNO3+HCl (aqua regia) and then analyzed for multi-elements by Varian 735-ES ICP-OES at Zarazma laboratory in Tehran. For measuring the concentrations of Au, fire assay preparation method was employed and the final aliquote was analyzed by Perkin-Elmer 5300 AAS at Zarazma laboratory. Along with silt geochemical samples, 6 heavy mineral and 3 lithogeochemical samples are also studied. Finally, based on the results interpretations have been made. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The Kuh- Zar is one of the most important prospecting areas for copper-gold in the northeast of Iran. Geology of the area consists of intermediate to mafic lava with middle-upper Eocene age. The Oligocene granodiorite and diorite were injected into Eocene volcanic series. Intrusive rocks lead to alteration and mineralization of copper and gold. The study of particle size distribution shows that 2-0.425 mm and 0.180-0.125 mm size fractions are forming the maximum and minimum weight percent of stream sediments, respectively. Geochemical data surveying demonstrate that the Au, Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Sb, Mo, and S are considerably enriched at the 4, 5, and 6 sampling stations. Concentration of these elements in 0.425-0.180 mm, 0.180-0.125 mm, and 0.125-0.063 mm mesh size is more than any other fraction. The < 0.150 mm is not representative size fraction of sediments in this area. Gold concentrate in a distance about 700 meters from mineralized source rocks in the Kuh-Zar stream sediments, whilst optimum distance for concentration of Cu, Pb, Ag, As, Sb, and Mo is about 1200 meters. The heavy mineral technique same geochemical surveys suggest that the 0.425 to 0.063 mm size fractions are useful for prospecting of gold and associated elements in the Kuh-Zar area.