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The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of small and medium auto – parts manufacturing enterprises and to determine the interrelationship of them, and their relationship with the suppliers, the market and financial institutes and creditors, and the scientific research centers in the form of industrial clusters in order to introduce the cluster development model. In this research project, a field research study of a cluster has been done by using various data collection methods such as questionnaires, interviews, observations and objective measurements in order to analyze the value chain of production processes and determine the matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of cluster (SWOT). In continuation of the program, by using cluster modeling tools within UNIDO framework, the proposed cluster model of the auto parts industry for Tabriz was devised and developed. The findings have shown that small and medium enterprises of auto-parts, due to lack of mutual cooperations for producing common products, unavailability of sufficient capital and proper investments and also weak communications and weak business to business relationships, have not been able to take advantage of research programs available for them and this has resulted in diminishing businesses and many bankruptcies. If these enterprises can put their businesses into a healty and effective framework such as cluster strategy models, it would be possible to bring about a healthy situation within 3 to 4 years. The model produced can be easily adapted to many other different clusters.

The improvement of organizational processes, as well as their homogeneity, is the new essence of the theory of organization. Manifestation of the concept of Extended Enterprise (EE) which convinces the organization to find homogeneous solutions has been realized for this reason. Different methods have contributed to the development of this concept and during the recent years the method of Supply Chain Management (SCM) has taken the most impressive steps. This method needs to be developed and modified because of its limitations and weak points. One of the ways to improve this method is through the integration of this method with other methods. Regarding the needs of this method, one of the impressive ways of integration is the Theory of Constraints (TOC). So the main research questions of this study are as follows: How can we integrate the method of supply chain management with the theory of constraints and what are the integration cases? Does the integrative method of SCM and TOC meet the needs of Extended Enterprise method and help its new construction? Thus the present study attempts to extend the concept of Extended Enterprise, Supply Chain Management, and Theory of Constraints, and tries to present a new method by integrating these methods and proposes a new construction model for Extended Enterprise. The research hypotheses are as follows: A: Method of Supply Chain Management and Theory of Constraints can be integrated by means of their basic elements and key diminutions. B: Integrative method of SCM and TOC leads to a new construction of Extended Enterprise and can meet the essential needs of this method.

The main objective of this research is investigating the effect of taking a course entitled "An Introduction to Using Library and its Sources" on the results of information retrieval by university students. The learning criteria vere based on how students showed in their examination both in control and experimental groups. The research method used in this investigation is experimental so that both groups were given a pre-test first. Having received treatment by experimental group which is taking course "An introduction to Using Library and is Sources, the two groups received a post-test. In order to analyze the data and to see if the differences are significant, at-test was used with a suitable of freedom and the research hypothesis was tested at. 05 and .01 levels of significance.

Rural housing in Iran in terms of making model is in transition from traditional model to modern model. New model of rural housing is often derived from the model of urban housing which reminiscent is kind of city landscape in the village. Rural housing improvement projects in country that by Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation runs, one of the factors transformative in model of rural housing from traditional to modern. While housing in rural areas not only as living space and has multiple functions. This paper has tried to within the framework of sustainable development with pathological approach to the evaluation new model of rural housing in Shusf vill with the help of experience the local community. This research is qualitative. Documentary and field studies data has been collected. In the field method from direct observation and semi-structured interview technique was used. Data has been analyzed with grounded theory. Results show that the new model of rural housing damages such as physiological anomalies, functional alteration of housing and deterioration the field of household economic growth, energy challenge and nature destruction disrupt of social - cultural space and inefficiencies induced of rural settlements. Finally we can say that this new model due to link rupture it's with conditions and rural environments, in the process of achieving sustainable rural development basic gaps is entered [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]