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The purpose of this article is to study the Turner's works in the field of sociology of body and its relationship with human rights. Although the study of citizenship has been an important development in contemporary sociology, the nature of rights has been largely ignored. Only in the 1990s the works of Bryan Turner led to the development of a new sociology of human rights. This article defends the claim that human rights is a legitimate subject of inquiry for sociologists. Method of recent article is documentary. Turner sociological studies in the field of medical, body, human rights and religion can be an example of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Turner, in his works has tried to take advantage of concepts and findings of sociology of body, politics and philosophical anthropology, as well as embodiment and vulnerability and find materialist basis for defending human rights universal claims. He knows sociology of body as a basis for the defense of human rights universal concepts and alternative discourse to the natural law tradition. According to him, human rights as an institution beyond citizenship, is a substitute for citizenship and its challenges. In summary, The article argues that a sociology of human rights is very important, because, there are obvious limitations to the idea of citizenship which is based on membership of a nation state. Therefore, human rights as a sociological concept is an important supplement to the existing idea of citizenship.

In safety sciences, accidents are unintended and non-scheduled events happening as one or more consecutive incidents as a result of unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, or both. Despite growing improvements in safety sciences in recent decades, the concept of accident, as a non-social phenomenon, is defined as neutral and meaningless, which occurs in an unintended and non-scheduled way through workers or machines. A significant amount of the research carried out in this field, following the tradition of epidemiology and behavioral psychology and by reducing the problem of safety and work health to a technical issue, emphasizes the role of individuals’ risk factors and human error in the occurrence of accidents. These studies neglect social, economic, cultural and institutional contexts in the analysis of accidents and take no advantage of interdisciplinary findings, as a result of which such reports only provide a list of risk factors and the statistical distribution of events in terms of quantitative and demographic variables; thus, they disregard the process of the social construction of accidents and the problematic nature of the concept of accidents. Therefore, the present study intends to expose the limitations of safety sciences and its conventional technical approaches in the unilateral and one-dimensional explanation of work-related accidents. For this purpose, in this research, qualitative methodology has been used as the dominant methodology, and critical ethnography has been utilized for the research process, and also thematic analysis has been employed for data analysis. The findings of the study include seven main categories which are shown in the form of the social construction cycle of accidents. Finally, the results show that work-related accidents are mainly due to the conditions governing the organization, unequal power relations and workers’ experiences of work environment than carelessness and the individual and psychological characteristics of workers.

Background and Objective: Work stress is a negative physical and mental reaction that is the second most common work-related problem after musculoskeletal disorders. Fatigue is a state that occurs during a work period and causes a person to lose efficiency. This study was thus conducted to determine the relationship between job stress and job fatigue in nurses. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in teaching and therapeutic hospitals of Gorgan, Iran, including Sayad Shirazi Hospital, 5 Azar Hospital, and Taleghani Hospital in 2021. A total of 277 nurses were included in the study after random stratified sampling. Data were collected by the OSIPOW job stress questionnaire and the Swedish SOFI job fatigue questionnaire and analyzed by the SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean score of job tension was 180.05±23.4, which was classified as moderate to severe. The highest score was related to the role of the workload dimension and the lowest to the physical environment dimension. The mean score of job fatigue was 53.18±22.5 and was evaluated at a lower-than-average level. The highest score was related to the dimension of lack of energy and the lowest to the dimension of physical effort. There was also a weak direct and significant relationship between job tension and job fatigue, as well as all its dimensions. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between job stress and job fatigue, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure and facilities to reduce stress in nurses and provide training on how to deal with stress to the hospital staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Medical journals are those journals which their articles present new research findings and science and technology development in the diverse fields of medical sciences. Due to the need of recognition of the scienctific journals in the health domain, the aim of the present article was to introduce and review the epidemiological journals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2016. In order to extract the list of epidemiological journals, we referred to SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) and selected 33 journals which the “epidemiology” term has been used in their titles. Important information including name of the journal, country of publication, publisher, editor in chief, subject coverage, types of published articles, indexing, abstracting, duration of publication, Hirsch index, volume number, impact factor, number of published articles in last issue, and the journal website were determined. Results: The results of the present study highlighted that the most prestigious epidemiological journals can be categorized into general epidemiological journals such as: American Journal of Epidemiology, Annals of Epidemiology, European Journal of Epidemiology,and International Journal of Epidemiology; plus specific epidemiologicl journals such as: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Infection,and Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. Conclusion: The most prestigious journals in epidemiology are those general and specific journals which have high Hirsch index and impact factor plus long duration of publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Human dignity is amongst the main human rights and violence in workplace is a worrying issue for every person. The prevalence of violence in medical staff led the authors to study about violence in nurses and related factors in critical care units in educational hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: A descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2014 in which 481 nurses were recruited using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through Dumont Horizontal Violence Questionnaire (including 49 questions) and analyzed in SPSS v.21. Results: Among the participants 16.6% had shown violent behavior towards their colleagues. It was also found that 34.9% of nurses have been exposed to violence at least once a month. The findings showed that head nurses were exposed to violent behaviors from hospital managers and physicians more than others. Data analysis indicated that peer violence was more prevalent in hemodialysis unit, while in CCU and ICUOH nurses were involved in violence from hospital managers and physicians. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that many nurses are exposed to violence, therefore, educating and training hospital personnel on anger management could reduce the rate of violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of quality of life therapy on the quality of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment. A quasi-experimental design comprising a pretest, posttest, control group, and a two-month follow-up period was utilized for the study. The statistical population of the survey comprised second-year high school female adolescents residing in Isfahan during the 2020-2021 academic year. By means of purposive sampling, 35 adolescents were chosen at random and divided into experimental and control groups,with 18 adolescents assigned to the experimental group and 17 to the control group. Over the course of two months, mothers of adolescents in the experimental group participated in eighty-five-minute quality of life therapy sessions. A pre-test was administered prior to the intervention, and a post-test was conducted subsequent to the intervention. Following a gap of two months, the follow-up phase was conducted. Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) and California Individual-Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CISAQ) were utilized in this research. The data obtained from the research were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS-23 software. The results showed that quality of life therapy significantly influences the character of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment (p

Introduction: The quality and quantity of dietary protein are primary factor influencing growth and feed costs. Seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba L), similarly as soybean meal, belong to high-protein feeds. The use of faba beans in poultry feed is limited despite having a suitable chemical composition, the main reason of which is the presence of anti-nutritional factors in this seed. Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center has produced a zero-tannin faba bean seeds variety (Mahta cultivar) that does not have the nutritional limiting factors of normal beans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of zero-tannin faba bean seeds (Mahta cultivar) on growth performance, some immune and biochemical parameters of blood, morphology and microbial population of small intestine and meat quality of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: 320 of one-day-old Ross 308 broilers with 4 treatments were used in a completely randomized design with 4 replications and 20 equal mixed birds of each sex in each replication for 42 days. Experimental treatments included 1- control diet (without faba beans and based on corn-soybean meal) 2- diets containing 10% zero-tannin faba bean 3- diets containing 20% zero-tannin faba bean and 4- diets containing 30% zero-tannin faba bean. Then, the growth performance of chickens, blood biochemical (triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and HDL concentrations) and immune (heterophil and lymphocyte percentage) indicators, intestinal jejunum morphological (villi length, villi width, crypt depth and thichness of muscle layer) and ileum contents microbial population (lactobacillus and escherichia coli) parameters and meat quality (pH, malondialdehyde, peroxide number and free fatty acids) of broiler chickens were measured and recorded. Finally, the analysis of data was performed using GLM method by SAS software. The means were compared using Tukey's multiple range tests.Results and Discussion: The results showed growth performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio) of the whole period (1 to 42 days) of birds fed with different levels of diets containing zero-tannin faba bean (0, 10, 20 and 30%) was not significant. There was also no difference between the growth performance of birds fed diets containing zero-tannin faba bean compared to birds receiving the control diet (without beans). A decreasing linear change in the weight gain of the whole period was observed with the increase in the percentage of zero-tannin faba bean (P0.10). Also, morphological parameters of intestinal jejunum were not affected by different levels of zero-tannin faba bean in the diet. However, citizenship analysis showed linear changes in villi length, villi width and crypt depth of broiler intestines. The tendency to increase villi length was observed in birds fed diets containing 10% zero-tannin faba bean compared to other diets (P= 0.08). Villi width (P

Background and Objective: Work stress is a negative physical and mental reaction that is the second most common work-related problem after musculoskeletal disorders. Fatigue is a state that occurs during a work period and causes a person to lose efficiency. This study was thus conducted to determine the relationship between job stress and job fatigue in nurses. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in teaching and therapeutic hospitals of Gorgan, Iran, including Sayad Shirazi Hospital, 5 Azar Hospital, and Taleghani Hospital in 2021. A total of 277 nurses were included in the study after random stratified sampling. Data were collected by the OSIPOW job stress questionnaire and the Swedish SOFI job fatigue questionnaire and analyzed by the SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean score of job tension was 180.05±23.4, which was classified as moderate to severe. The highest score was related to the role of the workload dimension and the lowest to the physical environment dimension. The mean score of job fatigue was 53.18±22.5 and was evaluated at a lower-than-average level. The highest score was related to the dimension of lack of energy and the lowest to the dimension of physical effort. There was also a weak direct and significant relationship between job tension and job fatigue, as well as all its dimensions. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between job stress and job fatigue, it is suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure and facilities to reduce stress in nurses and provide training on how to deal with stress to the hospital staff.

Introduction and purpose: Nurses' fatigue is defined as a mental and multidimensional feeling of fatigue that is physically and mentally penetrating and may even remain despite periods of rest. In addition to fatigue, nurses suffer from lack of sleep and its poor quality more than other occupational groups. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between occupational fatigue and sleep quality in nurses. Methods: This was a correlational and cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted at Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, in 2021. A total of 277 nurses were included in the study after random stratified sampling and obtaining the code of ethics. The required data were collected by Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and analyzed in SPSS-23 software using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The mean scores of the nurses' age and work experience were obtained at 28.75 ± 4.8 years and 5.66 ± 4.6 years, respectively. In total, 68.6% of the nurses were women. The mean of the total occupational fatigue score was 53.18 ± 22.5, which was evaluated at a lower-than-average level. The mean of nurses' sleep quality was 18.14 ± 1.77, which indicated poor sleep quality in nurses. There was an inverse and significant relationship between the score of occupational fatigue and all its dimensions and sleep quality. Conclusion: The level of occupational fatigue in nurses was lower than the average and their sleep quality was poor, and with the increase in occupational fatigue, the quality of sleep decreased. It is suggested to implement individual and organizational solutions to reduce and eliminate occupational fatigue and improve sleep quality.

The birth of a disabled child can have severe negative effects on mothers; Because they have to fulfill more demands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive thinking training on hope and life satisfaction in mothers with disabled children. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and control group. The research sample consisting of 30 mothers with disabled children under the auspices of Shahinshahr Welfare Organization in 2016 was selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Hope Scale (Schneider et al., 1991) and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diner et al., 1985) at the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 60 minutes per week in positive thinking training and the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that in the variable of hope, time factor (p

This article aims to present a narrative of the modern state that has five essential elements without which there would be no modern conception of state. The abstract personality of the state, sovereignty, modern subjectivity, and the creation of a dedicated citizen, the expansion and manifestation of sovereignty volition within the law are the foundations of the modern state. At the same time, this study examines earlier identities for a specific purpose in order to prove that despite the various challenges to these identities, they can still be sustained in the modern state. The text also seeks to point out in a disconcerting way in the current scientific discourse that some of the features listed for the modern state in these discourses are in fact due to the error of unification of the concepts of state and government. From the library sources and the application of a descriptive and analytical approach, the following questions are answered: (1) What are the features of the modern state conception? (2) Can government and state be regarded as identical phenomena? What are the outcomes of this synergy between the two for modern state concept (3) Despite challenges such as the formation of the European Union, human rights, postmodernism and globalization can still claim the viability and durability of modern state identities, and in particular the gem characteristic of sovereignty?

In the process of translating stories, proverbs and allusions are key cultural elements, which convey meanings and messages of the original text to the reader. The main problem for translators in this process is the accurate way of confronting these elements. In this challenge, the equivalents are one of the important factors which pave the way for the translator. A good equivalent should convey not only the meaning, but also the spirit, feeling and experience of the literary writer to the reader. The present study aims at criticizing the translation of one of the most popular works of Resistance Literature, “DON'T FORGET” , by applying Newmark’s approach. In his model, Newmark considers cultural elements and divides them into five groups (ecology, material culture, social culture, institutions, customs, concepts, movements, gestures, and body language). The present study focuses on the fourth category and investigates the quality of translation of concepts, including allusions and proverbs, and analyzes them by applying Newmark's methods of translation of cultural elements. In this descriptive-analytical research, following an investigation of several examples and adapting them to Newmark's strategies, it was found that the translator has been successful in translating the concepts of the book by using the functional equivalent method. Furthermore, he has used semantic translation more. And sometimes the meaning of the proverbs or allusions are not well understood, as a result, a wrong equivalent has been entered in the text.

One of the requirement of sustainable exploitation prerequisite and prevention of the rangeland degradation is identification of the most suitable area of rangelands. In this research, beekeeping potential of the Tamin rangelands was evaluated in order to develop of beekeeping land use through AHP method. To this end, beekeeping suitability model was determined through integrating vegetation criteria , then the beekeeping suitability of different region was determined. Vegetation sampling carried out using randomized - systematic method. Suitability of different vegetation types was assessed using Analytical Hierarchy process. Based on results, weight of vegetation cover factor (0.62) was more than environmental factors (0.37) and water resource availability (0.014). Overall comparison of effective criteria sets showed that Artemisia sieberi - Asteragalus eriastylus (total weight= 0.34) and Astragalus eriastylus - Cousinia stocksi (total weight=0.055) have the highest and lowest priority in terms of beekeeping, respectively. In general, 1820.9 hectares (equivalent to 32.68 %) in the S1' category (high suitability), 2630 hectares (equivalent to 47.2 %) in the S2' category with limited constraints or moderate suitability (770.05 hectares (equivalent to 13.82 %t ) in the S3 category with the high limitation and 351 hectares (equivalent to 6.3%) in the non-suitable (N) was placed for the beekeepers' development land use from the entire of the study area (5572 ha). Result showed that planning to develop of beekeeping land use in Tamin rangelands is necessary and could provide new employment opportunities and improving livelihood of the farmers, which lead to the sustainable utilization of these rangelands.

افزایش فرسودگی در فراگیران و مشکلات تحصیلی و سلامتی مرتبط با آن، فرسودگی تحصیلی را به موضوعی درخورِ پژوهش تبدیل کرده است. در همین راستا هدف از انجام این مطالعۀ توصیفی، بررسی رابطۀ میان یادگیری خودنظم‌‌ده و فرسودگی تحصیلی بود. روش پژوهشِ مطالعۀ حاضر از نوع همبستگی است و نمونۀ تحقیق 290 نفر از دانشجویان دوره‌‌های کاردانی و کارشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اشکذر را شامل می‌‌شود که با روش نمونه‌‌گیری خوشه‌‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌‌ها با پرسش‌‌نامه‌‌های راهبردهای انگیزشی برای یادگیری پینتریچ و دی‌‌گروت (1990) و فرسودگی تحصیلی برسو و همکاران (2007) جمع‌‌آوری و با روش‌‌های آماری همبستگی ساده و رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام تحلیل شد. نتایج مطالعه، توانایی خودکارآمدی در پیش‌‌بینی مؤلفه‌‌های بی‌‌علاقگی تحصیلی و ناکارآمدی تحصیلی به‌گونه‌‌ای منفی، توانایی عناصر ارزش‌‌گذاریدرونی و خودتنظیمی در پیش‌‌بینی هر سه مؤلفۀ فرسودگی تحصیلی به‌گونه‌‌ای منفی و توانایی اضطراب امتحان در پیش‌‌بینی مؤلفه‌‌های خستگی تحصیلی و بی‌‌علاقگی تحصیلی به‌گونه‌‌ای مثبت را نشان داد. این نتایج آموزش مهارت‌‌های خودنظم‌‌دهی را برای جلوگیری از رشد فرسودگی در دانشجویان پیشنهاد می‌‌‌‌‌کند.

Background and Objectives: Obesity has been increasing around the world and this phenomenon is creating many physical and psychological problems. Hence, this study considered the effectiveness of Buckroyd’s group-based therapeutic approach on increasing self-esteem and improving eating attitude of obese 20- to 30-year-old females in Esfahan. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental, statistical society of which involved all obese females referred to Sepahan Salamat Clinic in Esfahan, during year 2014. Overall, 30 over-weight females, who had a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35, a minimum education of diploma, and age of 20 to 30 years old were selected purposefully and divided randomly to two equal groups. Buckroyd’s therapy was performed in sixteen sessions and each session lasted two hours twice per week. Research measurements included body mass index, demographic form, self-esteem and eating attitude questionnaires. Variance analysis and frequency measurement were performed with the SPSS-20 software and were used for confirming the hypothesis. Results: Results showed that Buckroyd’s group therapy increased self-esteem (P 0.05). Conclusions: The findings showed that Buckroyd’s therapy approach can be used for increasing self-esteem but cannot be used for improving eating attitude of obese females.

Background and objective: Portulaca oleracea (PO) overgrows in the different parts of Iran, that is used there as both a salad green and a medicinal plant. In previous studies, a 10% ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts (Leaf and stem) of PO showed anti-nociceptive activity in mice and rats. This study was designed to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of different doses of the aqueous decoction extracts of PO (Seed). Methods: In this study, 65 male mice (25-30 gr) in model tail flick were used. Different doses of the extract 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg (IP) were injected to the separated groups of four (Test group) and water (10 ml/kg-IP) was injected to the one control group. The anti-nociceptive effect was determined 15 and 30 min after injection (N=15 mice for pilot study). Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups (P