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Soil loss can cause many intra-regional and extra-regional problems, on the other hand, the effect of soil moisture on processes of soil loss and sediment yield for the identification and simulation of soil hydrological response is necessary. Therefore, the application of soil conditioners is essential for soil and water conservation. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil conditioners of vermicompost and nano-manure on variables of soil loss and sediment concentration at moistures of air-dried, 15 and 30%, and rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1. The obtained results in addition to confirmation of the significant effect of each conservation treatment at the level of 99 percent on the intended components showed that the conservation treatment of vermicompost compared to nano-manure treatment had more effect on measured variables. Also, the conservation treatment of vermicompost could decrease the soil loss at soil moisture air-dried, 15, and 30 percent with rates of 72.15, 66.63, and 78.76 percent (50 mm h-1), respectively, and 45.01, 35.57, and 10.45 percent (of 90 mm h-1), respectively. The effect of conservation treatments, soil moistures, and rainfall intensity and the interaction effects of conservation treatments × rainfall intensity and rainfall intensity × soil moisture on changes of soil loss and sediment concentration were significant at the level of 99 percent. The application of vermicompost and nano-manure had acceptable results on studied parameters but the vermicompost effect was more than nano-manure. Therefore, due to the widespread use of different types of conditioners, nowadays, it is needed to move the application feasibility of conditioners such as vermicompost and nano-manure that these have not the adverse effects of environmental.

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the male-students’ premarital sex and to identify the drivers and challenges of observing chastity. Method: This applied research was conducted through a qualitative approach and with a phenomenological method. The statistical population was the male-students of Ferdowsi University in Mashhad, and 48 undergraduates of them were interviewed in a semi-structured way with a purposeful sampling method "with maximum diversity" and analyzed using the three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin. Results: The expressions expressed by the participants were classified into 858 concepts, 62 categories, and 14 themes. Examining the lived experiences of the students, the findings of study, with some negligence, were divided into three parts: the reasons why they enter into an illegitimate relationship, the reasons why they leave an illegitimate relationship, and the reasons why they avoid an illegitimate relationship. The themes inferred in the first part include the religion of permissiveness, the decline of indigenous identity, the domination of sexual desires, psychological issues, the stimulating social media context, self-deception, and the unattainable dream of marriage, and the themes of the second part include orienting to spirituality, being zealous, and thinking about the consequences. The harmfulness of an illegitimate relationship, satisfaction of sexual desires through other ways, the lack of conditions for an illegitimate relationship, and the choice of chastity include the four themes of the third part. . Conclusion: The most important challenges of observing chastity, and the factors of entering into an illegitimate relationship (i.e. the barriers of chastity) are: ‘the sexual desire’, ‘the impossibility of its legitimate satisfaction, ‘the permissible and highbrow spirit’ and ‘the social and media stimulating atmosphere’; the main drivers of chastity in the this statistical population were faith, ‘still awake’ moral conscience, religious-moral family atmosphere, and social control.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a minimalist account of case and agreement within Azeri Turkish DPs. The DP-internal case and agreement in Azeri Turkish has direct bearing on the structural parallelism across syntactic projections of different categories.In comparison to TP-internal agreement, DP-internal agreement has been less studied due to the limited empirical domain in which the possessed-possessor agreement is attested cross-linguistically. However, in languages of the Finno-Ugric family, including Finnish and Hungarian, and the Turkic sub-family such Turkish and Sakha, agreement of the head noun with the possessor obtains in a robust fashion.Azeri Turkish, also called Azerbaijani, a language of the Oghuz branch of Turkic, spoken partly in Iran, displays possessed-possessor agreement within DPs: .... References to the original article

Introduction: Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, including Iran. There are several factors involved in the occurrence of them; using different models, these factors can be identified and the occurrence of road traffic accidents can be predicted. The purpose of this study was to predict road traffic accidents based on weather conditions using artificial neural network model. Methods: In the present study, traffic data during the years 2014 to 2017, were examined using a multilayer perceptron network. Network input variables included minimum temperature, average temperature, average rainfall, maximum wind speed, glaciation, air pressure, fog concentration and output variable was the number of accidents. Results: The designed network with seven neurons in the input layer, four neurons in the middle layer, and one neuron in the output layer with Lunberg-Marquardt optimization function and sigmoid tangent transfer function in the middle layer and linear transmission function in the output layer was selected as the optimal network. The results showed that the designed network with the correlation coefficient of 0.90 and mean square error of 0.01 has a high ability to predict road traffic accidents. Conclusion: The results showed that the artificial neural network has a good performance for predicting road traffic accidents. Given the importance of predicting road traffic accidents and its role in promoting the health of people in such accidents, the results of this study can be used to expand more effective preventive measures for policy makers and researchers.

In determining the quality of oils, heavy metal content, physical-chemical indices, and fatty acid profile, especially trans fatty acids are important factors. In this study, animal oil samples of different regions of Ilam province studied. After digestion and extraction by microwave-assisted acid digestion, the heavy metals content of the samples measured by an improved flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Moreover, after extraction and derivatization of the oils, the fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. To facilitate the conclusion of the data obtained, samples of different regions of the province are divided into three parts: northern, southern, and central cities. According to the results, copper, cobalt, and chromium levels were reported in the range of 0.04-4.47, 0.02-2.33, and 0.02-3.54 mg/kg, respectively, which were below the maximum permissible levels. It was revealed that using the modified gas chromatography method, it is possible to separate and measure 27 fatty acids simultaneously. Besides, an acceptable degree of extraction of oleic and linoleic acid is extracted to calculate the cis and trans isomers, which was achieved.

The present article aims to investigate the relationship between religiosity and environmental behaviors in Sari. Inglehart's theory of metamaterial values, the pattern of environmentalist behavior of Kalmus and Ajigman were used as a theoretical framework. The research method is a survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made and standard questionnaire. The statistical population is women over 18 years old in Sari. A total of 400 individuals were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling as the sample size. Formal validity was used and the reliability of environmental behaviors is 0.858 and religiosity is 0.937. The results show that the average of environmental behavior is high (3.78). There is a significant positive and direct relationship between religiosity and environmental behavior. Religiosity has a significant positive relationship with four dimensions of environmental behavior. The four doctrinal, ritual, empirical, and consequential dimensions of religiosity are directly related to environmental behaviors. Therefore, religiosity and religious teachings play an important role in increasing women's environmental behaviors.IntroductionThe effect of religiosity and its dimensions on environmental behaviors were investigated. Environmental behavior is the act that a person shows in dealing with the environment. The role of women in the preservation of the environment is very important and the preservation of the environment as a public duty requires the participation of all groups, including women. Women as half of the population living in Sari were studied and their environmental behaviors were studied. Various factors can affect environmental behaviors. One of these influential factors is religiosity and its dimensions. Religion can help deepen environmental ethics. Religious rulings can be a source of inspiration for the development of environmental guidelines. Statement of the problem Environmental researchers believe that today environmental crises are worryingly threatening human life. The environmental crisis stems from a moral crisis and is the result of turning one's back on moral values. Therefore, to get out of this crisis, a moral solution must be sought. Women, due to their inherent characteristics and social roles, play an essential role in environmental management, a role that requires sufficient knowledge and awareness, and urban women, because they are exposed to urban and industrial pollution. They have a greater share. In the city of Sari, there are all kinds of pollution, such as air pollution, environmental degradation, and deforestation, which can be seen in everyday life. It remains to be seen what the relationship is between religiosity and its dimensions on women's environmental behaviors. Review of literatureSome research has been done in the field of religiosity and the environment. Dashtaki et al. (1400), Taliban and Memarzadeh (2019), Hosseini Valshkalaei et al. (2015), Habibi and Ebrahimpour (2015), Nabavi and Shahriari (2014), Maleki and Abdullahi (2013), Nawah and others (2011) Bernard (2016), Arbuckle and Koniski (2015) and Polly and Owner (2000) showed that the interaction of emotional attachments and beliefs and beliefs about the environment can be effective in determining beliefs and beliefs related to the environment.Environmental sociology mainly deals with the scientific study of the relationship between modern society and environmental crises and issues. In the pattern of environmentalist behavior of Kalmus and Ajigman, a direct relationship between environmental knowledge and environmentalist behaviors is not considered; Rather, they have considered environmental knowledge, values, and attitudes, along with emotional attachment, as a complex combination called environmental awareness. Schwartz's theory of normative arousal emphasizes that pro-environmental actions occur in response to personal moral norms about such actions and that these actions are evoked in individuals who believe that environmental conditions are a threat. In Inglehart's theory, values ​​are the foundation of environmentalism. Environmentalism is a manifestation of postmodern values.The theoretical framework is the theory of Inglehart, Schwartz, Kalmus, and Agimann. Inglehart and Schwartz theories express the attitude and view of individuals towards religious and non-religious values ​​such as environmental behaviors. People who have more transcendental and altruistic values ​​have higher environmental activities. MethodologyThe research method is a survey and the data collection tool is a standard questionnaire. The statistical population is women over 18 years old in Sari (131685 people). The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster. Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and path analysis were used. The face value is used and the measurement tool has the necessary reliability and the alpha value of environmental behaviors is 0.858 and religiosity is 0.937. FindingsFindings showed that the mean of patterns of environmental behavior among individuals is relatively high and the average of 5 is equal to 3.78. The average religiosity is 3.48. There is a direct relationship at the level of zero significance and a correlation of 0.465 between religiosity and environmental behavior; That is, with the increase in religiosity, the amount of environmental behavior also increases. Religiosity has a significant positive relationship with four dimensions of environmental behavior. A positive relationship was observed between the dimensions of religiosity and environmental behavior. The experimental dimension of religiosity has the highest correlation coefficient (0.515) and the ritual dimension of religiosity has the lowest correlation (0.373) with women's environmental behavior. Regression analysis showed that the dimensions of religiosity explain 29.1% of changes in women's environmental behavior. The highest direct effect has the experimental and belief dimension and the highest indirect effect has the belief and ritual dimension and the highest total effect has the belief and experimental dimension on women's environmental behavior. ConclusionEthical values ​​can influence people's environmental behaviors. In this article, it was found that religiosity and religious values ​​can affect environmental behaviors. There is a significant direct relationship (0.465) between religiosity and environmental behaviors of women. As religiosity increases, so does environmental behavior. The results are consistent with the theoretical model of Inglehart and Schwartz and the findings of Adhami, Akbarzadeh (2011), Nawah et al. (2011), Kalantari et al. (2015), Fazli (2014), Maleki, Abdollahi (2013), Haghighatian (2014) and Habibi , Ebrahimpour (2015). The result is that to increase the performance of environmental behaviors in the city of Sari, more attention should be paid to religiosity and the dimensions of religiosity and raising its indicators and components. Paying more attention to the respect, commitment, acceptance of customs and ideas offered by traditional culture or religion can play an important role in increasing the tendency towards women's environmental behaviors. The most important suggestions are to make women more familiar with the religious teachings related to environmental protection, spreading environmental awareness, transfer of environmental knowledge and information, and environmental socialization by family, school, environment, Social and community pointed out.

Introduction: These days, there is a consensus that emotional intelligence plays an important role in the success of individuals in different areas of life. Persons with higher emotional intelligence had lower stress in dealing with demands and pressures in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to use artificial neural network to predict job stress and to compare the performance of this model with the multivariate regression model. Material and Methods: In order to do that, 892 participants were selected randomly in different job categories. Then, 15 dimensions of Bar-On questionnaire, 10 job categories, age and education were considered as input variables and 7 dimensions of health and safety executive HSE were determined as output variables in models. Results: The results revealed that an artificial neural network with hyperbolic tangent and sigmoid transfer functions respectively in hidden and output layers with 375 hidden neurons had significantly better performance than multivariate regression. So that, correlation of predicted values and job stress were only between 0.192-0.364 in regression model, but neural network had at least correlation 0.527 in all dimensions of job stress. Conclusion: In predicting job stress using emotional intelligence, artificial neural network method was much better than multivariate regression model.

Most of the regions with high solar potential for the development of photovoltaic systems are arid and deserted regions such as the Middle East and North Africa. In such regions, dust activities affect the output of photovoltaic panels critically. With the goal to investigate dust activities in Iran and the parameters affecting dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic panels, the current article conducted a comprehensive review of the related documents. Studies carried out in this regard, showed that in the recent years, the frequency and severity of dust activities in Iran have been significantly increased. The reasons for such changes and the main origins of dust activities in Iran were described in detailed. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of dust particles collected from the surface of panels in different regions were determined. Moreover, by reviewing the literature, the parameters affecting dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panels were categorized and the impact of each of these parameters were described in detail. The results of the current study can serve as a thorough reference for researchers, designers, and engineers in regions struggling with dust events.

Increasing use of pesticides along with an inadequate discharging of agricultural effluents has polluted water resources and severely affected the environment. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the herbicides which is widely used all over the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an electro-photo catalytic process for the removal of the 2,4-D from aqueous media. In this regard, Zn-doped Ni anode was stabilized on FTO surface by sputtering method. Materials and methods: In the present study, the effects of different variables on the efficiency of the electro-photo catalytic process such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), electricity current (1-2 mA/cm2), electrode surface area (16-32 cm2), initial concentration of 2,4-D (10-50 mg/L) and retention time (0-90 min) were investigated in a batch model and on a laboratory scale. Besides, mineralization and kinetics of the process under the optimal conditions were studied. The residual concentration of 2,4-D was measured by HPLC at 283 nm. Results: The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of 2,4-D was obtained under the following conditions: pH=7, electricity current=2 mA/cm2, electrode surface area=32 cm2, initial concentration=10 mg/L and retention time=90 min. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency (i.e., 100%) and TOC of 79.5% were achieved. In addition, the kinetic studies revealed that the current process followed the first-kinetic-order model. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the applied electro-photo catalytic process can be considered as a suitable method for the removal of 2,4-D in aqueous solutions.

Buckling-restrained braced frames can considerably reduce the seismic responses, because of their high energy dissipation capacity. However, they have big residual drifts subjected to great earthquakes. In this paper, buckling - restrained braced frames with eccentric configurations connected to frames with post-tension connections is studied. The results show that this system is able to decrease the residual drift. For evaluation the proposed method, 3 and 6 story frames, for different combinations of self - centering parameters are designed. Self-centering parameters are gradient of disengage connection and ratio of self - centering. Base shear used for the models are calculated using performance-based seismic design. Performance-based seismic design is obtained based on energy-work balance using pre-selected target drift and yield mechanism. Then in Abaqus software, pushover and cyclic analysis method for different combinations of self-centering parameters on the frames is done. Pushover analysis verifies the design method. Cyclic analysis show that the residual drift is decreased by adding frames with post-tension connections to a buckling – restrained braced frame with eccentric configuration. The results show that in order to reach self - centering, the ratio of base shear of the frames with post-tension connections to the total base shear is required to be more than 50%.

Background and Objectives: Diabetics need to improve their lifestyle. They should control and prevent the complications of diabetes to improve their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of health promotion support programs on the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study was a quasi-clinical trial. A total of 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and then divided purposefully into intervention (n= 30) and control (n= 30) groups. The health promotion support program was implemented in three stages: review and recognition, support planning, and evaluation. The study data were collected by Demographic and Quality of Life Questionnaire of diabetic patients (DQOL-BCI) before and two months after the intervention in the experimental and control groups. Results: The difference between the two groups regarding gender, age, marriage, education, and the job was not significant. The Mean±SD score of quality of life in the intervention group before the intervention was 46.8±8.06 and increased after the intervention to 56.8±6.06 (P

This study aims to study and understand the contexts and consequences of women's addiction. The method of research is grounded theory and the participants of the research are 25 recovered women of South Khorasan who are in the stage of quitting addiction. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation.. The results show that the experience of fundamental challenges such as divorce and remarriage of parents, family breakdown, domestic violence and parental addiction are among the causal conditions of women's tendency to use drugs. Double compulsion and restrictions in the field of choosing a spouse and forced marriages, as well as forced drop-outs from the family, are the underlying causes and conditions of women's addiction. Interfering factors for drug use by women also include addiction rings and traps in which addiction is the result of a family conspiracy and, in addition, includes a long history of drug use in the family and living in a drug-contaminated environment and recreational use. Fun materials with friends and acquaintances. The consequences of addiction for women also include rejection and punishment by family and others, isolation and tendency to an informal, vulgar and baseless economy, which can lead to other types of social deviations.

Steel shear wall with corrugated plate is a lateral load resistant system. In recent years, researchers have made investigations in this Field. In this study, the behavior of this system under pushover loading has been evaluated. For this purpose, 20 samples of steel shear wall system with corrugated plate with bay to height ratio of 0.85,1.4,2,2.5 And in 1,2,4,6,10 Stories has been designed. Then these samples with finite element software (Abaqus) were analyzed. Results of this study show that the initial stiffness of this type of shear walls is high And it's resistance in drift about 0.1 percent reaches to the highest amount. But when the plate is subjected to interaction buckling it's stiffness and resistance has been decreased significantly. Also, Results of this study shows that before the plate reaches to buckling limit; a greater percentage of shear force is resisted by plate but after plate's buckling frame has more contribution in resisting shear force. In this study mechanism of creation of tension Field in this type of systems has been evaluated and relation for determination of tension Field's angle was proposed. In the end, in this study, a method for estimating pushover diagram of shear wall system with corrugated plate for one and several story structures has been presented. This solution was founded on the interaction between frame and corrugated Plate and by results of experimental and numerical samples was verified.

Coupled steel plate shear wall consist of two shear wall with flat web plate with rigid beam-column connection, that connected with coupling beam at story level. Coupled steel plate shear wall consist of two panels with rigid beam-column connection, that connected with coupling beam at story level so its possible to use opening in wall. In this study, two types of six story steel plate shear wall with coupling beam with trapezoidally corrugated infill plate designed with performance plastic design method and two other types designed with force base design. All models have been designed in ABAQUS software and the software outputs were compared and verified by the behavioral mechanism of uncoupling shear wall of the trapezoidal corrugated sheet and the shear wall of the flat web sheet. Subsequently, these four samples were analuzed with time history analysis with the three Northridge, Kobe and Tabas earthquake records. Investigated output of this study consist of relative drift at the peak of maximum displacement of each records and residual drift. With the result of these four models figure out that relative drift are in allowable drift ratio (2%). But each design procedure has advantages than the other one. Advantages of performance plastic design in comparison with force base design are consume less steel material and distribute uniform relative drift ratio. While the advantages of force base design has less relative drift ratio. Hence, in frames which designed by force-based design in comparison with performance based plastic design has less residual drift.

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world, causing soil degradation, reduction of land productivity, increasing flood, water pollution and pollutions transportation; it is also a serious threat to sustainable development in the world. Therefore, the soil conservation and the prevention of soil erosion and use of conditioners as the nanoclay can be considered as a solution to improve land productivity and protect environment. The present study was, therefore, conducted to address the effect of the application of montmorillonite nanoclay with three rates of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 t ha-1 on changing runoff and soil loss variables under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the nanoclay with the rate of 0.03 t ha-1 could decrease the runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration with the rate of 40.65, 88.38 and 82.19 percent, respectively. The average of soil loss in control treatment and conservation treatments of nanoclay with various rates was measured to be 3.76, 0.44, 1.33 and 3.16 g, respectively. Also, the results showed that the most sediment concentration was the control treatment with the rate of 5.84 g l-1 and the conservation treatments with nanoclay in the applied rates was 1.04, 3.47 and 2.96 g l-1, respectively. Also, the results showed that the nanoclay effect was significant on changing the soil loss and sediment concentration at the level of 99 percent. Finally, due to the effect, the use of this conditioner in natural conditions and investigation of the effects on environment and aggregates stability are recommended.

In this research, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 304 stainless steel welded joints produced by the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) method was investigated. Light microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and tensile strength test were used to characterize the samples. GO was synthesized by modified Hummers’ method and reduced by hydrazine. Accordingly, the pastes of GO and RGO in different concentrations of 1, 3, and 10 mg/ml were applied in the groove. The results demonstrated that increasing the RGO concentration up to 10 mg/ml improves the tensile strength and hardness values of welded joints up to 23% and 43%, respectively. It seems that RGO nanosheets have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the welded joints by pinning of dislocations.

Objective: This study aimed to identify how parents can answer to their children’s religious questions. Method: To achieve this objective, the phenomenological method was used. The statistical population included all parents with primary school children in Bandar Lengeh. The sample size was 35 people, and they were selected by purposive method according to the theoretical saturation limit. Data collection tools were also semi-organized and in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through the seven-step Colaizzi method. Findings: The findings showed that there were 3 main themes along with some sub-themes. Children’s questions revolved around the questions about Allah, death, the Hereafter, the Prophet, Islam, the creation of the world, acts of worship, and natural disasters. Many parents used some incorrect methods such as inappropriate responses to cognitive development, language development, and comprehension. Furthermore, suppressing of children’s questions, presenting stereotyped answers, not answering their questions, postponing answers were used by parents, but some parents used the correct methods for answering religious questions, such as using allegory, answering, using the child’s tangible knowledge to answer, using games, providing correct answers in accordance with religious sources, and searching for better answers. Conclusion: According to these findings that parents lack the necessary knowledge about cognitive development and educational methods, the institutions involved in education need to plan to teach the parents about answering children’s questions in accordance with principles such as cognitive scaffolding.

Background: Non-biodegradation in nature and the creation of adverse health effects in humans is important features of heavy metals. The main purpose of this study was to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn in the soils of industrial areas of Mahshahr port for adults and children. Methods: To study the environmental effects of the petrochemical industry in the study area, sampling was performed from 47 soil points in the study area. Samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm of soil and analyzed according to the required acidic digestion method of Esposito et al. Ecological risk indices for determining the level of contamination and proposed relationships proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency were used to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Results: Descriptive statistics of heavy metal concentration showed that the highest average concentration of metals in the soil of the study area is related to Ni metal (70.89 mg/kg) and the lowest to as metal (0.32 mg/kg). The carcinogenic risk of nickel and chromium in children and adults was estimated to be higher than other metals (CRI >1). In both age groups, the risk index for children was higher than for adults. Conclusion: The results show that the presence of heavy elements in the soil of the industrial area of ​​Mahshahr port requires the implementation of bioremediation projects such as phytoremediation.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate a period of exercise activity with different intensities on decorin gene expression through interaction with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in male adult rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study included 24 males adult Wistar rats that were divided into three groups (8 animals per group) of High-Intensity Training (HIT), Low-Intensity Training (LIT), and Control. Training groups trained for eight weeks and five days a week. The HIT group exercise program consisted of one hour of exercise for five 8-min intervals at 85%-90% Vo2max that were separated by 2-min intervals with an intensity of 50%-60% Vo2max. On the other hand, the LIT group exercise program included five 8-min intervals with an intensity of 55%-60% Vo2max, and 2-min intervals with an intensity of 45%-50% Vo2max. It should be noted that the control group received no exercise program. Findings: The results of this study showed that the expression levels of the decorin gene in the HIT training group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.001), whereas the levels of decorin in the LIT training groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P=0.11). The expression levels of the TGF-β gene in both training intensities (high- and low-intensity training, respectively) showed a significant difference, compared to the control group (P=0.001, P=0.18). Discussions & Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it seems that HIT exercise can lead to a greater increase in muscle growth due to increased TGF-β-dependent myokine, compared to LIT exercise.

In this research, the nitrate removal by beech leaves was investigated in batch and column systems. The batch experiment was performed to address the effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial nitrate ion concentration on the nitrate removal. The results showed that with an increase in pH, the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were decreased and nitrate removal by millimeter and nano adsorbent beech leaves reached equilibrium 120 and 90 minutes after experiment, respectively. With an increase in the nitrate concentration, the removal efficiency was decreased from 59.2% to 39.7% and 82.1% to 69.9% for millimeter and the nanoparticles of Beech leaves, respectively. In fixed-bed column adsorption experiments, the flow rates of 5, 8 and 11 ml/min and the nitrate concentration of 15, 50 and 120 mg/L were studied. The results showed with an increase in the nitrate concentration from 15 to 120 mg/L, the saturation time was decreased from 240 to 150 and 360 to 270 minutes for millimeter and nanoparticles of Beech leaves, respectively. Thomas, Dose-response and Yoon-Nelson models were fitted to the results of the continuous experiments. The Thomas model fitted the experimental data with high accuracy. Compared to the adsorbents, nano-adsorbent had more adsorption capacity in the batch and column systems.

Background and Aims: The expression of adhesion molecule such as the intercellular adhesion molecule- I (ICAM-I) and vascular adhesion molecule- I (VCAM-I) in obese people may increase atherosclerosis phenomena and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of 10-week high-intensity and moderate-intensity aerobic trainings on plasma levels of ICAM-I and VCAM-I in obese boys. Methods: The statistical population of the present study was obese boys of Baharestan city. The sample included 36 obese student boys aged 13.4±0.69 years old, height: 163.06±7.88 cm; weight; 85.72±8.42 kg) who were randomly assigned to three groups: high-intensity training (n=‌12), moderate-intensity training (n=‌12), and control (n=12). The training was performed at 50%-65% maximal heart rate (moderate-intensity training group) and 70%-85% maximal heart rate (high-intensity training group), three days per week for 10 weeks. The blood sample was collected 48 h before and 48 h after the last session of exercise training. The ICAM-I and VCAM-I were measured via ELISA. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA in SPPS, version 18.Results: The results indicated that body weight and BMI decreased significantly after moderate- and high-intensity training (p < 0.05). VO2max value significantly increased following 10 weeks of exercise training in both groups. No significant different was observed between exercise groups for plasma levels of ICAM-I. Moreover, the plasma levels of VCAM-I decreased significantly in the high-intensity training compared to the moderate-intensity training and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that intensity of training may decrease plasma levels of ICAM-I and VCAM-I through decrease of body weight and BMI and increase of VO2max.

Background: Families play a peculiar role in adherence to treatment in diabetic patients; therefore, it seems that interference in motivational, psychological, and self-issued characteristics based on the family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) affects this adherence. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effect of FCEM on eating habits, weight, hemoglobin A1C, and blood glucose control in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 participants with type 2 diabetes in a diabetes clinic in Birjand, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected via purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of control (n=35) and intervention (n=35) using block randomization. The intervention group received family-centered empowerment training for four weekly-held 90-min sessions. Data were collected using demographic and disease characteristics form and Azartel et al.’s Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software (version 19). Results: The mean age scores of participants in the intervention and control groups were 49.66±6.37and 49.46±5.98 years, respectively. The intervention group showed an increasing trend through time, where the mean scores for eating habits and blood glucose had insignificant improvement one month (P>0.05) and three months (p 0.05). Implications for Practice: The FCEM can improve nutritional behaviors, hemoglobin A1C, and blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. This intervention can guide health care providers on how to improve the eating habits of diabetic patients through family empowerment training.

IntroductionDrought is one of the most common environmental stresses that contributes to the growth and development of plants and is a major factor in reducing the production of products. Priming is a simple technique that improves seedling establishment and plant efficiency in farms. Seed priming has proved beneficial in improving the germination metabolism and early stand establishment of crops under normal and stress conditions .Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, and more interests have been focused on SA due to its ability to induce a protective effect on plants under adverse environmental conditions. salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous plant growth regulator has been found to generate a wide range of metabolic and physiological responses in plants thereby affecting their growth and development. Quinoa is a grain-like plant with high nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold and drought stress. Food quinoa importance due to the perfect combination of amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium low. Materials and methodsThus in order to investigate the effect of Salicylic acid pre-treatment on germination indices of quinoa plant under drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University in 1397.The experimental factors Includes salicylic acid at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol at four levels (0, -4-, 8-, -12 bar) and the quinoa plant varieties (cultivars and varieties Giza1 Titicaca). The measured traits including germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed (GR), and germination coefficient (GC), SVI: seedling longitudinal index, SVI: weight index of seedling bud, root length, stem length, stem fresh weight, stem fresh root and seedling dry weight, and changes in the amount of photosynthetic pigments. Statistical analysis of the data included analysis of variance using AS 9.1 software and comparison of mean of traits evaluated by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results Analysis of variance showed that salicylic acid pre-treatment, drought stress and their interaction had a significant effect on germination indices and photosynthetic pigmentation and medicinal plant varieties quinoa. With increasing drought stress, the germination characteristics of quinoa plants decreased and the use of salicylic acid improved the seed germination properties of quinoa seeds and salicylic acid application improved germination characteristics of quinoa seeds. The highest germination percentage (98 percent) and its effective traits were obtained from seed soaking with salicylic acid with maximum concentration (1.5 mM) and low levels of drought stress. Longitudinal index and weight of seedling vigor was decreased at high concentrations of salicylic acid and high levels of drought stress. On the other hand, consumption of one and one and a half mM of salicylic acid increased the amount of chlorophyll and carotenoids and increased tolerance of this plant to drought stress. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were observed under drought stress conditions and 1.5 mol / mol of salicylic acid and Titicaca cultivar.

Introduction Salinity is one of the environmental abiotic stresses and most important factors limiting the growth and production of plants around the world, which dramatically affect various aspects of plant growth and development through anatomical, morphological and physiological changes (Siringam et al., 2011). Saline environments decrease the growth and yield characteristics of plants and increase some physiological properties such as proline content and electrolyte leakage (Noreen et al, 2010). On the other hand, in the recent years, the role of symbiotic fungi and polyamines in plants tolerance to environmental stress such as saline conditions are pronounced. Morever, due to the importance of medicinal plants, many researches of plant sciences have focused on the various aspects of the application of these plants (Vafadar et al., 2018). Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological response of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) medicinal plant to inoculation with endophytic fungi and foliar application of spermidine polyamine under salt stress conditions. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT) at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University using factorial arrangement based completely randomized design with three replicates in spring and summer of 2016. The treatment consisted of salinity in three levels (0, 6 and 12 dS/m), fungal symbiosis treatments including four levels [non-inoculated (control), inoculation with Piriformospora indica (Pi), inoculated with Trichoderma virens (Trich) and co-inoculation of two fungi (Pi+Trich)] and foliar application of spermidine in three levels (0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM). Seedlings of stevia after inoculation with fungi transfered to adaptation chamber for 40 days and then moved to the greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with tap water until the end of vegetative stage and then irrigated with saline water treatments containing mixture of distilled and Caspian sea water. The Spermidine was foliar applied one week before salinity stress. Two weeks after salinity stress, leaf samples were prepared to measure leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), proline content and soluble sugars. Finally, the plants were removed from the pots and the growth and yield traits were measured. Results and disscusion The result showed that in saline conditions, endophytic symbiosis, especially Pi+Trich, increased the stem dry weight (40-64%) and leaf dry weight (44-50%), relative water content (5-30%) and proline content (40-64%), and reduced EL (11-20%). Also spraying 0.75 mM spermidine signiticantly increased both leaf dry weight and plant height. Fungal symbiosis, especially Pi+Trich, and spermidine 0.75 mM resulted in an increase in the RWC. Also, spraying with polyamine spermidine at both concentrations of 0.75 and 1.5 mM increased soluble sugars and inoculated with endophytic fungi, particularly co-inoculation of two fungi, led to a reduction in the content of sugar (17%) in the stevia leaf. At the most levels of salinity and fungal treatments, spermidine, especially at the rate of 0.75 mM, led to increase in stem diameter (10-35%) and leaf area (35-46%). Conclusion In general, the results of the present study indicated a negative effect of salinity on the growth and physiological characteristics of the stevia plants. However, inoculation of endophytic fungi, particularly co-inoculation of Pi and Trich, improved the growth and physiological parameters and ameliorated adverse effects of salinity in stevia plants. Morever, the spermidine (especially 0.75 mM) induced salt stress tolerance in stevia plants and showed a synergetic effects with endophytic fungi in terms of the mentioned parameters. Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge Shahrood University of Technology (Shahrood, Iran), Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (Sari, Iran) for financial support of this study.

Background and Objective:Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is one of the complex and common deformities of the spine. It is a condition that can cause a lot of pain and discomfort for individuals and has consequences and complications. There are different exercises and approaches for correction of this deformity, such as Schroth exercise. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on Cobb angle, flexibility, functional capacity, and quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and Methods:This controlled clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design was performed on 24 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosiswho were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Cobb angle, flexibility, and functional capacity were measured by X-ray imaging, flexibility box, and six-minute walk test, respectively. The collected data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using a mixed-design analysis of variance with repeated measures. It must be noted that a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Based on the results, after 10 weeks of Schroth exercises, there was a significant difference in the exercise group regarding the reduction of Cobb angle as well as the increase of flexibility and functional capacity. However, no significant difference was observed in the control group from pre-test to post-test (P≤0.05). Conclusion:According to the results, it can be concluded that the Schroth exercise program that involves the whole motor chain can effectively decrease the lateral curvature angle of patients with idiopathicscoliosis. Therefore, this type of exercise can be useful to use to treat people with Idiopathic scoliosisdeformity.

Background: The public sector of the health care system provides justice and access for all people who need more specialized services through the referral system. If the challenges of the referral system are not identified and addressed promptly, the system will not be efficient and effective. The purpose of this study was to rank the reasons for non-referral of outpatient level 1 to level 2 in the electronic referral system of Golestan province in 2019. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 431 outpatients participated from the pilot hospitals of the e-referral system in Golestan province, who did not refer to the level 2 specialist despite that an appointment was set by the system. The participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Friedman test in SPSS 23 software. Results: The most important reasons for patients who were not referred from level 1 to level 2 in the electronic referral system included the presence of a trusted and familiar physician, inability to pay the visit of a specialist, and high cost of transportation from home to the designated specialist, respectively. The gender of the specialist physician and lack of guidance on referral to the specialist physician were indicated by the referral center. Patients ranked the reasons of not referring to the specialist differently (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The current status can be improved by increasing the public confidence in specialized physicians working in the electronic referral system and making the specialized services free for the poor patients. Furthermore, raising the patient's awareness about using Level 2 specialized services through the mass media can help patients to benefit from these services.

Introduction: Mental health is the prevention of minor behavioral disorders and problems and health promotion is the best form of mental health. The present study aimed to explore the mental health and mental well-being of high school teachers and its effectiveness in emotional and disciplinary relationships of high school students in Ilam, as these relationships are of great importance. Methods: This qualitative and phenomenological study was conducted on all male and female high school teachers in Ilam in the academic year 2018-2019. The participants in the research sample were 24 teachers from different high schools in the city who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended written questions, and were analyzed through a coding procedure to extract main themes and subthemes related to the phenomenon under study based on previous studies in the literature. Results: Findings included 5 main themes of teachers 'mental health, positive change in students' behavior, attention to emotional and psychological dimension in disciplinary approaches, interaction between teachers and students and motivation was progress. Conclusion: Given the effect of teachers’ mental health on improving the quality of students' behaviors, psychologists and counselors can use sound mental health and educational models to improve learners' interaction and teach them how to relate to the family, thereby increasing student satisfaction and family cohesion.

Background: Moral sensitivity as the foundation of ethics in nursing creates a context in which nurses can provide effective and ethical care for their patients. This study aimed to investigate the moral sensitivity of nurses and its relationship with some of their demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 350 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, using the stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the moral sensitivity questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent-sample T-Test, pearson correlation and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The average moral sensitivity of nurses (68.12±6.08) was moderate. The highest score was in the dimension of "awareness of interpersonal communication" and the lowest score was in the dimension of "experience of moral problems and conflicts". The total score of moral sensitivity and the dimensions of "knowledge of interpersonal communication" and "expression of benevolence" showed a positive and significant relationship with age, nurses' work experience and history of participating in workshops related to ethics. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the moral sensitivity of nurses is moderate. Also, participating in ethics workshops is effective on the level of moral sensitivity. Therefore, it is suggested that holding workshops related to moral sensitivity be given more attention, especially for novice nurses.