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The aim of this study was to, investigated the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem in the effect of role overload, role conflict, & role ambiguity on task performance & organizational citizenship behavior. The sample of study was 213 employees of the National Iranian Drilling Company who were selected using simple random sampling. In this study, was used standard questionnaires such as Michigan Organizational Assessment (1969), Role Conflict, & Ambiguity (Rizo, Hose, & Lirtzman, 1970), Job Performance (Williamz & Anderson, 1991), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Morrman, & Fetter, 1990), & Organization-based Self-Esteem (Pierce, Gardner, Cummings, Dunham, 1989), & for analyzing data, was used Path Analysis Method. The research model test showed the acceptable fitted of the model. Examination of the direct effects indicated that role ambiguity has a significant and negative effect on task performance (p

Introduction: One of the problems of the elderly is a decrease in balance and quality of life of senior citizens. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of fatigue on balance, motor function, lower limb strength, and quality of life of the two groups of elderly people at home and in a nursing home. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted based on a prospective quasiexperimental design. For this purpose, 35 elderly women at home and 35 elderly women in nursing homes in Miyaneh were selected via available sampling. To carry out the fatigue protocol, the subjects performed sitting and standing movements with their hands on their chests. Subjects were administered the relevant tests under normal conditions and without fatigue. In the second session, which was held 48 hours later, the subjects performed the fatigue protocol and then performed balance, motor function (TUG), and lower limb strength tests (number of takeoff and landing chairs). The quality of life in both groups was assessed using the Leipad Elderly Quality of Life questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using independent and dependent t-tests. Results: The results demonstrated a significant difference (P=0.001) between the two groups of elderly women in nursing homes and those living at home in terms of motor function, strength, and quality of life. Nonetheless, there was no significant difference (P=0.127) in the balance of the two elderly groups. Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes was lower than that of the elderly at home, and fatigue can exert a more marked effect on the motor function and strength of these people. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the design of exercise interventions with the approach of increasing the fatigue threshold to improve the parameters related to the quality of life of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The main influencing factor in the success of the crisis management process is the group's readiness to deal with the crisis. Training models are a tool to maintain the preparation of personnel, increase their ability to achieve certain goals, and help them acquire information, skills, and ways of thinking. This research aimed to design and validate a training model for the staff of the hospital incident command system. Methods. The research method was a qualitative-quantitative (mixed method) approach. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts in the field of incident command system, and in the quantitative part included managers and staff of this system in the hospitals of Guilan province in Iran. The sampling method in the qualitative part was the judgmental forecasting method. Also, the sampling method was cluster random in the quantitative part. According to the data saturation principle, the sample size in the qualitative section was 15 people, and in the quantitative section, 226 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a questionnaire extracted from the interview. Results. After analyzing the categories resulting from interviews with 15 experts, 43 open codes and 12 central codes were determined. Also, five selection codes were obtained as follows: design, analysis, evaluation and feedback, policymaking and determination of strategies, and implementation and support dimension. The findings showed that the design dimension had a more significant effect on designing the training model (path coefficient = 0.987 and t = 176.713). Also, all components had a significant relationship in pattern design. For data analysis, we used the MAXQDA2020 and SmartPls3 software in Conclusion. The results of this research showed that effective command in possible incidents depends on the effective training of employees with a new and up-to-date model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Training in a certain skill not only culminates in better motor performance but also leads to neural adjustments and regulations in different brain regions . Aim: The present study aimed to psychologically assess event -related motor potential in motor - related cortical regions during simple and complicated tasks . Method: The current research was of a semi -experimental type with a single -phase post -test design without a control group. The participants of the present study consisted of all 20 -32 -year - old right -handed male table tennis players in Tehran, in 2019. A total of 8 samples were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected at the National Brain Mapping Laboratory. Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire (1970), Ocular Dominance Testing Card (1910), the Newgy Robo Pong Model 2050 Digital Table Tennis Robot, and the Specific Test for Table Tennis Stroke (2016) were used to record speed from Radar gun, and cameras and judges’ scoring were also used to measure accuracy. Moreover, the two -way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test was employed to assess the differences in two levels of task complexity in SPSS software version 24 . Results: The results showed that the motor potential in the primary motor cortex region had a greater range in the simple task than in the complicated task (P=0.012); however, the premotor (P=0.008) and the posterior parietal cortical regions (P=0.026) of the complicated task had larger ranges than the simple task . Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the motor potential range is dependent on the task complexity level. Therefore, it is suggested that tasks with different complexity levels be taken into account in investigating event -dependent potentials . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The current study was conducted to investigate the balance performance of 7-12-year-old Iranian children based on functional reach tests. Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 483 male and female students from the first to sixth grades. After measuring the height, weight, and length of the upper and lower limbs, the functional reach test was evaluated with the dominant limb, and the initial amount of the functional reach test was recorded by the examiner, and subsequently, the same protocol was used for the non-dominant limb, as well as two limbs. The final amount of functional reach was recorded, and the difference between the two was recorded in the test sheet. This process was repeated three times, and the average of these three attempts was recorded as the final score. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, and its descriptive and inferential statistics were extracted. Pearson's correlation coefficient was also calculated to measure the correlation of anthropometric characteristics of height, weight, and body length. Results. In this study, 483 elementary school students with an average age of 9.53 years (minimum of 7 years and maximum of 12 years) and the average height of 138.217, as well as an average body mass index of 17.43 in the first to sixth grades, were evaluated. The normative scores for right, left, and two-handed functional reach tests were 20.45±7.87 cm, 22.46±8.09 cm, and 18.60±7.89 cm, respectively. The right and left lateral reach test scores were 14.68±6.01 cm and 14.90±6.01 cm, respectively. These scores significantly correlated with each other (P<0.001) and anthropometric characteristics. Conclusion. The results of the current study revealed that on 483 students from the first to the sixth-grade evaluation of functional reach and lateral reach, tests is vital for clinical use and assessing the balance of Iranian children. Due to the lower balance functional level of Iranian children than their peers in some other countries, there is a need for planning to increase physical activity and sports in school programs and at the community level. Practical Implications. The data obtained from functional reach tests in this study can be used to measure the balance performance of Iranian school-age children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are several generic and specific models to assess the individual job performance (IJP). While these methods may provide the valuable information, none of them cover the complexity and wide range of the behaviors which express the IJP. This review study aimed to identify all existing models and incorporate them to achieve a comprehensive conceptual model to assess the IJP. Material and Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest were systematically searched to meet the study’s goals. Moreover, references to relevant publications were examined. Finally, suitable publications were discovered and analyzed using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of Search in databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest, showed that 12754 articles were found in the initial search. After removing duplicate and unrelated articles, finally, 155 eligible articles were selected. Based on full-text screening, 10 studies were excluded, and 5 studies were not accessible. Finally, by checking the references mentioned in the selected articles, 4 more eligible articles which were not retrieved in the search strategy were added; finally, 61 articles were selected to be reviewed. Ninteen articles were related to the general models, and 19 articles addressed job-specific assessment models. The remaining 23 articles described other existing models. Conclusion: To evaluate IJP, a heuristic structure was developed based on the literature research. These dimensions were selected because they can accommodate all of the preceding models’ dimensions. They also include any behaviors that may have an impact on IJP.

Introduction: Due to the increasing demand for ethical standards in the current business environment, ethical leadership has particularly been taken into consideration. Thus, in this study based on self-verification theory, the effect of leaders’ core self-evaluation on the display of ethical leadership and applying social learning theory and social exchange theory the effect of leaders’ core self-evaluation and ethical leadership on organizational financial performance and the job performance of finance staff have been examined. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and is cross-correlation regarding the method. The sample includes 61 pairs of employee and direct manager who were randomly selected through convenience sampling from finance staff working in public and private organizations of Fars province in 2016. The data was collected by the questionnaire and analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results: The results of this study are consistent with self-verification theory and they indicate a positive and significant relationship between leaders’ core self-evaluation and ethical leadership as well as financial performance. Furthermore, the findings suggest that there is no significant relationship between leaders’ core self-evaluation and financial performance. Conclusion: Leaders’ positive self-concept promotes ethical leadership which plays a key role in encouraging employees to enhance their in-role and extra-role performance. To this end, it is suggested that some training courses should be held in the organizations to improve the relationships between managers and employees (ethical leadership) and to raise the leaders’ core self-evaluation. Also, the level of ethical leadership and core self-evaluation should be measured to choose the leaders.

Background and Aim Alzheimer’s disease is the most common causes of dementia among the elderly people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effects of memantine and vitamin D on spatial learning and memory impairment in adult male rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n=7): 1= Control, 2= NBM lesion (received bilateral electric lesion of NBM), 3= Sham (the electrode was entered into the NBM with no electric lesion), 4= NBM lesion+ Vehicle Memantine (received saline), 5= NBM lesion+ Vehicle Vitamin D (received saline), 6= NBM lesion+ Vehicle Memantine+ Vehicle Vitamin D (received saline plus sesame oil), 7= NBM lesion+ Vitamin D; 8= NBM lesion+Memantine, and 9= NBM lesion+Vitamin D+Memantine. After one week, the rats were trained to perform the Y-maze task for five days. Twenty five days after training, a retention test was performed to evaluate their long-term memory. Ethical Considerations This study with research ethics code of “EE/ 97, 24, 3061243/scu.ac.ir” was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz In Iran. Results Bilateral NBM lesion reduced spatial learning in comparison with control and sham groups. No effect on spatial learning was observed in NBM lesion+ Vehicle Memantine and NBM lesion+ Vehicle Vitamin D groups compared to the NBM lesion group. Spatial learning and memory in NBM lesion +Vitamin D+Memantine group (P<0.001) was significantly improved compared to NBM lesion+Vitamin D (P<0.01) and NBM lesion+Memantine (P<0.05) groups. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the results in the 5th day of training and the memory retention at the 30th day. Conclusion Co-administration of memantine and vitamin D is more effective than memantine or vitamin D alone in spatial learning and memory improvement in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dark triad construct of personality on the job performance indicators of human resources, including task performance and contextual performance. In terms of method and purpose, this study is a descriptive-correlational and applied research, mainly based on linear regression. The statistical population includes the employees of Lorestan University, out of which a sample of 152 people were selected using simple random sampling. The data gathering tool was Jonasson and Webster's (2010) Dark Personality and Paterson's Career Performance Questionnaire (1989). The research hypotheses were tested using linear regression analysis through the Enter method. Results showed a negative and significant effect by the construct of the dark triad of personality on the task and contextual performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study of relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance leads to the improved competitive performance of organizations. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and occupational performance. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical applied research. As regards the type of collected data, the present study is quantitative with the standard questionnaire of Lumpkin and Dess for the measurement of entrepreneurial orientation and the standard questionnaire of Byrne and Conway for the measurement of occupational performance. One hundred and eight employees at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Student Health Center formed the sample of the study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and SMART PLS in two parts: part of measurement model and structural part. Results: The results indicate a positive and meaningful relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (innovation, risk-taking, and proactivity) and the staff members’ occupational performance. Also, the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have a high correlation with each other, but they do not have the same effect on occupational performance. Regarding the importance of each entrepreneurial orientation dimension, it is proposed that facility managers define activities that lead to the increase of occupational performance. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, taking measures to enhance the staff’s entrepreneurial activities in health centers can lead to the increase of job performance in these centers.

Introduction: The 2D: 4D ratio is a predictable marker for prenatal testosterone, associated with a wide range of different sexual behaviors. Aim: The purpose of the present study is to focus on 2D: 4D and its possible role as a biological marker that affects spatial abilities in male and female athletes. Method: The present study was descriptive-correlational. Samples were selected in form random available. The sample consisted of 40 female athletes and 40 male athletes. To evaluate spatial abilities, the mental rotation test (MRT) and targeting ability were used. Also in this test were used of eye tracking device for the purpose of reviewing eye movements during task performance targets. To test the pre-natal testosterone, the ratio of the second to fourth finger was measured by measuring the length of the fingers by tape measure. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The findings showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the second to fourth finger ratio and spatial abilities (p<0.01). Also, there was a significant relationship between 2D:4D and visual attention indices in this study (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings could explain how men and women Hyperandrogenic benefit from the effects of enhancing the function of androgens in sports that spatial abilities associated with better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder. It consists of symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, rituals, behaviors, preoccupations, and compulsions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of attention bias modification and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in reducing the symptoms of OCD. Methods and Materials study population comprised patients with OCD referring to the outpatient clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak City, Iran. Of them, 80 patients were randomly assigned to the two groups. The first group received the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the other group received the treatment modality to determine the effectiveness of the Yale-Brown OCD scale and dot-probe task tests. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Research Ethics Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.284). Results Treatment of attention bias modification in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors did not show a significant difference in the reduction of attention bias (P=0.377). Also, a significant difference between the two groups in reducing the symptoms of OCD (P=0.007), indicates that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are more effective in diminishing the symptoms of OCD. Besides the attention bias modification decreased the symptoms of OCD, but these results were not significant (P=0.228) Conclusion Attention bias modification is a significant improvement in reducing attention bias and can be used with other interventions. However, it appears that the reduction in the severity of OCD symptoms, as against this intervention, continues to be the preferred treatment for pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Children with mental disability have delayed object control motor skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective physical practice intervention on object control skills of 7-10 year old children with mental disability. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experiment study, 30 children aged 7- 10 years with mental disability were selected from mentally disabled care centers of Ahvaz based on available time sampling and randomly classified in two experimental (height, 128.8±14.8; weight, 29±9.12) or control (height, 126. 5±15.7; weight, 31.12±28.2) groups. Then, they were evaluated by gross motor development subscales in pre-test. Participants in the experimental group trained 3 times a week, 45 mins each session in motor skill training programs for 8 weeks. Children in the control group, on the other hand, performed typical school activities and were not involved in regular sport training. A post-test was conducted after training period. Statistical analysis was done with one wayanova and paired T test using SPSS v. 20 software. The significant level was set at p< 0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Sport Sciences Research Institute with the code IR.SSRI.REC.1397.390. Findings: The results revealed that 8-week selective physical practice significantly affected object control variables such as striking a ball with hand (p=0.001), dribbling (p=0.001), catching (p=0.001) and throwing (p=0.001), however it did not affect striking a ball with foot (p=0.001) and rolling significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: According to the finding of the present study, physical practice intervention seems to improve object control skills in children with mental disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prospective memory is an important precursor for independent living adolescents. Aim: This study aims to the role of theory of mind, episodic future thinking and creativity in predicting the event-based and time-based prospective memory of the Adolescents. Method: This study was conducted in the form of a correlation pattern. The study population consists of high school students in Azarshahr city in the academic year 2014-2015. In this study, 100 students with a mean age of 16.02 year were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Prospective memory testing, Reading the mind in the eyes test, Autobiographical task and Torrance tests of creativity was used in order to collect data. Then, data were analyzed by Pearson correlations and multi-variable regression. Results: The results showed that theory of mind, episodic future thinking and creativity could predict the event-based and time-based prospective memory. Conclusion: As a result, we can say that theory of mind, episodic future thinking and creativity operates as an underlying mechanism in the improvement of prospective memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the moderating role of psycho-social needs in the relationships between job demands and organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, and creativity. The statistical population included the employees of a company affiliated to Ministry of Petroleum in Bandarabas, and from among them, 187 persons were selected using simple random sampling. The research instruments consisted of: needs questionnaire (Yamaguchi, 2003), job demands and task performance questionnaires (Babakas et al, 2009), creativity questionnaire (Tierney et al, 1999), and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (Bukhari and Ali, 2009). The data were analyzed with the use of hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that need for affiliation moderates the relationship between role overload and ambiguity with task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors, and need for power moderates the relationship between role overload and ambiguity with creativity. Also, need for power moderates the relationship between role conflict with task performance, with creativity and organizational citizenship behaviors. The results of the current research revealed that needs could relate behavioral tendencies to job stresses.

Introduction : Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with impulsivity and behavioral inhibition deficits, Risk taking is the important aspect of impulsive behavior. Aim: The purpose of this study was to Comparison of risk-taking regarding behavioral inhibition deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without conduct disorder (CD) and compared with control children. Method: 37 male children with ADHD (23 ADHD only and 14 ADHD with conduct disorder (ADHD+CD)) were selected by purposive sampling method and performed Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and Go-Nogo task to measure risk taking and behavioral inhibition, and compared with 18 normal children. The data was analyzed by ANOVA, MANOVA and MANCOVA. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that ADHD+CD group has the highest risk taking followed by ADHD and control group without considering of behavioral inhibition; although comparing to control group, ADHD+CD group has meaningless difference by arranging behavioral inhibition deficits, even though ADHD group has the same risk taking scores in compared with control group both considering behavioral inhibition deficits. Conclusion: This finding suggested that ADHD children have impulsivity because of behavioral inhibition deficits, while it would not be able to predict destructive behavior and risky activities in ADHD+CD in compared with ADHD by itself, also it could be a high risk taking pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive processes deficits is considered a common feature of autism spectrum disorder, it seems that any deficit in this processes might impact on the abilities and behaviors in this group. Aim: The aim of this research was study of working memory components in autism children and comparison with normal children. Method: The design of this research was ex post facto that done on 40 children aged 4-6 (20 autistic and 20 normal children).Sampling method for Autism children was available and for normal children was multistage random sampling method. The instruments were Autistic Behaviors Assessment Scale, Direct Digit Span, Indirect Digit Span, Corsi Blocks Task. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between autism children and normal in central executive, phonological loop and visual-spatial sketchpad components of working memory. Conclusion: Children with autism had deficits in working memory components. This problem should be assessed in order to plan appropriate interventions in autism children based on components of working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Episodic future thinking refers to the capacity to imagine experiences that might happen in one's personal future can be affected by anxiety and depression. Aim: The present study was aimed to compare the Episodic Future Thinking in Individuals with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Normal Individuals. Method: The research design was causal-comparative. The study population consists of high school students in Langroud city in the academic year 1394-95. In this study, 90 students with a mean age of 16.61 year were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In order to collect information were used from the Episodic Future Thinking task and the Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Then, the data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the post-hoc test. Results: Results of ANOVA and HSD indicate that group with depression symptoms and normal individuals represent significantly different in plausibility and arousal negative index. Also, there were significant differences in the arousal negative index, details positive index, details neutral index between normal and anxiety Symptoms groups. In addition, there were significant differences in the plausibility and details neutral index between normal and depression Symptoms groups. Conclusion: As a result, it may be said that depression and anxiety symptoms leading to changes in episodic future thinking indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Improvement balance by exercise interventions in older adults has great importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual task attention instruction on the static and dynamic balance older adults in Ahvaz. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental applied research recruited men of over 60 years old living in Salehin residency of Ahvaz. Twenty individuals who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling method and participated voluntarily after signing written consent. A week after the pretest, the training sessions started and lasted for three consecutive sessions. The dual task attention group were instructed to perform a secondary cognitive assignment (countdown) during the execution of the static and dynamic balance task. The control group did not perform any cognitive dual task. A post-test was performed after the end of the training sessions. To compare the two groups, ANCOVA test was used (p <0.05). Results: The results revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the static balance (P = 0. 001) and dynamic balance (P = 0.001). Using dual tasks improved static balance (p <0.05), but had a weakened effect on the dynamic balance of older adults (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a period of dual task attention instruction improves the static balance in older adults, but has a weakened effect on the dynamic balance of older adults. Therefore, it is suggested that dual task be used to improve static balance in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The ventilator associated pneumonia is a common problem in critical care units. It is associated with increased mortality, cost and length of stay. Nurses have great role in preventing the ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia . Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, 110 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected using convenience sampling method. A 32-item observational checklist was provided based on the ventilator associated pneumonia prevention guideline. The nurses' performance was observed three times. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS-16 . Results: This study showed that the mean score of the nurses' prevention was 46.8±5.79. Most of the nurses (66.4%) had poor performance; and 36.6% had relatively good performance. There were no nurses with favorable performance in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. The highest score was in contact precaution (72±9.67) and the lowest score was in mouth hygiene (18.78 ± 17.4) . Conclusion: The majority of nurses had poor performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. More attention should be paid for planning appropriate training programs for nurses and giving adequate facilities to improve health care quality .

Introduction: The relationship between cognition and emotion has always been of interest for researchers. Although each area is considered to be separate, but they interact with each other. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the induced impact of the emotions of shame and guilt on working memory performance. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest design has been used. The population in this study includes all the female college students at Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2014-2015 academic year. Firstly, 100 students between 19-23age groups were selected by convenient sampling to complete demographic questionnaire and to do the dual paper-pencil task for the evaluation of the working memory performance. Then, a group of 96 students was matched in three groups of the emotion of shame (N = 32), emotion of guilt (N = 32) and neutral group (N = 32) based on age and working memory performance. Afterwards, participants were asked to carry out the task of recalling emotional memories and dual paper-and-pencil task. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, the descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Results: The results obtained through the use of covariance method showed that after modifying the pre-test scores, the emotions of shame and guilt significantly affected the individual`s working memory(F= 4/95 ،p<0/01). Conclusion: Based on these Results, we can conclude that emotions affect working memory performance, and exposure to negative emotional memories (shame and guilt) interfere with working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study of relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance leads to the improved competitive performance of organizations. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and occupational performance. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical applied research. As regards the type of collected data, the present study is quantitative with the standard questionnaire of Lumpkin and Dess for the measurement of entrepreneurial orientation and the standard questionnaire of Byrne and Conway for the measurement of occupational performance. One hundred and eight employees at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Student Health Center formed the sample of the study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and SMART PLS in two parts: part of measurement model and structural part. Results: The results indicate a positive and meaningful relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (innovation, risk-taking, and proactivity) and the staff members' occupational performance. Also, the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have a high correlation with each other, but they do not have the same effect on occupational performance. Regarding the importance of each entrepreneurial orientation dimension, it is proposed that facility managers define activities that lead to the increase of occupational performance. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, taking measures to enhance the staff's entrepreneurial activities in health centers can lead to the increase of job performance in these centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The ventilator associated pneumonia is a common problem in critical care units. It is associated with increased mortality, cost and length of stay. Nurses have great role in preventing the ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess nurseschr('39') performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia . Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, 110 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected using convenience sampling method. A 32-item observational checklist was provided based on the ventilator associated pneumonia prevention guideline. The nurseschr('39') performance was observed three times. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS-16 . Results: This study showed that the mean score of the nurseschr('39') prevention was 46.8±5.79. Most of the nurses (66.4%) had poor performance and 36.6% had relatively good performance. There were no nurses with favorable performance in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. The highest score was in contact precaution (72±9.67) and the lowest score was in mouth hygiene (18.78 ± 17.4) . Conclusion: The majority of nurses had poor performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. More attention should be paid for planning appropriate training programs for nurses and giving adequate facilities to improve health care quality .

The present research aims to study the role of character strengths in predicting the employees’ task performance. Using simple sampling method, 165 subjects were randomly selected from among the personnel of Shahid Mohammad Montazeri Power Generation Management Company. The instruments used in the study included Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2003), the Task Performance Checklist (Byrne et al. 2005) and the Contextual Performance Checklist (Conway, 1999). The results of the stepwise regression analysis indicated that the character strengths of open- mindedness, spirituality and social intelligence predicted task performance, and that the character strengths of gratitude and open- mindedness predicted contextual performance

Background and Aim : Job stress at workplaces is an effective factor on job satisfaction, turnover and task performance. This research was administered with the aim of investigating the relationship between job stress with turnover and task performance considering the mediating role of job satisfaction. Methods: The research method was descriptive which administered in the form of co-relational. Research statistical population was the employees of a public sector organization, among them, 187 persons were selected via simple random sampling. Research instruments consisted of: Babakas et al ’ s (2009) turnover, task performance and job stress questionnaires, and Spector ’ s (1985) job satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: Results revealed that: 1. There are negative significant relationship between job stress with job satisfaction and task performance, and positive significant relationship with turnover (P

Objective: The motor skill performance and learning in older adults are of a great importance. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether older adult’s explicit knowledge effect on implicit learning and motor performance and which are typical for rehabilitation and skills acquired in older adults. Materials & Methods: In this comparative study a serial reaction time task by using software was applied for studying implicit and explicit motor learning in 15 older adults received intentional and 15 older adults received incidental instruction in a randomly chosen. In this task 4 squares with different colors appeared on the monitor and subjects were asked to press its defined key immediately after observing it. In the first day subjects practiced 8 motor blocks (4 patterned blocks, then 2 random blocks and finally 2 patterned blocks). Two next day subjects practiced a retention test consisted of 2 patterned blocks. Implicit group were not provided with any explanation about the sequence of squares and explicit group receive explanation about the sequence of squares and blocks. All subjects were right handed and no history of neurologic disease or musculoskeletal dysfunction. Date was analyzed by Independent T test and ANOVA. Results: The results indicated that Block time differences of second block with eight and tenth blocks (two next days) were significant and similar in both groups. Final stage of Task (7-10 blocks) was significant slower in explicit than implicit groups that show significant higher learning in implicit groups but no difference in performance improvement with explicit groups (P

Objectives: Acquisition motor skill training in elderly is at great importance. The main purpose of this study was to compare young and elderly performance in serial reaction time task on different repeated and random conditions. Methods & Materials: A serial reaction time task by using software was applied for studying motor learning in 30 young and 30 elderly. Each group divided randomly implicitly and explicitly into subgroups. A task 4 squares with different colors appeared on the monitor and subjects were asked to press its defined key immediately after observing it. Subjects practiced 8 motor blocks (4 repeated blocks, then 2 random blocks and 2 repeated blocks). Block time that was dependent variable measured and Independent-samples t- test with repeated ANOVA measures were used in this test. Results: young groups performed both repeated and random sequences significantly faster than elderly (P0.05). Explicit older subgroup performed 7,8 blocks slower than 6 block with a significant difference (P

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the structural model of relations of job stress and psycho-social needs with total performance (deviant behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, intention to turnover, and creativity) of employees. The research populations were the employees of a company related to petroleum ministry in Bandarabas City, from among which 187 employees were randomly selected. Research instruments consisted of: needs questionnaire (Yamaguchi, 2003), job stress, intention to quit and task performance questionnaires (Babakas & etal, 2009), deviant behaviors questionnaire (Bennett and Robinson, 2000), creativity questionnaire (Tierney & etal, 1999), and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (Bukhari and Ali, 2009). Data were analyzed with the use of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between job stress and psycho-social needs and between psycho-social needs and total performance (p<.05). Also results showed that effects of job stress on total performance are mediated indirectly by psycho-social needs. Mediation analysis supports the mediating role of psycho-social needs in the relation between job stress and total performance. The results of current research revealed that psycho-social needs could be mediate the behavioral tendencies related to job stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are many researches on the relationship between the stress and depression with migraine, but yet experimental evidence is needed to validate such a view. So, the aim of this study was to examine the experimental effects of mood and stress induction on pain intensity among the migraine patients. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients suffering from migraine were selected from Baghiatallah hospital (Tehran) and randomly assigned to three groups: the positive and negative mood-induced and control groups. A computerized task was used to elicit stress and different types of films were presented to induce mood. The pain intensity was measured using the numerical rating scale in 3 stages (at baseline, after the computerized task, and after showing film). Results: Results showed that the pain intensity of all participants was significantly increased after presenting the computerized task (P<0.0001). Pain intensity in the negative and positive mood-induced and control groups was increased from 17.75 to 24, 13.4 to 27.9 and 11.55 to 33.65, respectively. The results showed that the induction of depressed mood increased the pain intensity (38.7), while the induction of positive mood significantly reduced it (15.15) (P<0.04). No significant difference was seen in the control group. Conclusion: The stressors can lead to increase pain intensity in migraine patients and thus being in the sad and happy conditions can increase and decrease the pain intensity in migraine patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: It has been shown that cannabinoids exert widespread effects on cognitive functions. An overlapping distribution of GABA with cannabinoid receptors has been reported in some brain structures such as dorsal hippocampus. Thus, the functional interactions between cannabinoid and GABAergic systems in cognitive control seem possible. The present study evaluated the potential role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on muscimol induced amnesia and muscimol state- dependent memory in adult male mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 250 adult male NMRI mice were entered. Drugs of muscimol and ACPA were used. Mice were anaesthetized and cannulae implantation was bilaterally used in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus via stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started by means of inhibitory avoidance task. Results: Post-training injection of muscimol (0.075, 0.15 µg/mouse) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. The memory impairment induced by ACPA (0.15 µg/mouse) was completely reversed by pre-test administration of ACPA and/or muscimol, suggesting muscimol induced state-dependent memory. Conclusion: These results suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors of the dorsal hippocampal may play an essential role in muscimol-induced amnesia and muscimol state-dependent memory in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]