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Background. Understanding the complex interplay of faculty members' personality traits is essential for optimizing teaching and learning environments. To this end, this study investigated and prioritized the impact of personality dimensions (personal, scientific, and professional) related to the teaching of faculty members on the learning of students. Methods. The current study was conducted with a practical purpose using a meta-synthesis coding method, specifically theme analysis. This method discovers new and fundamental topics and metaphors by providing a systematic approach for researchers through the combination of different studies, expands the current knowledge, and provides a comprehensive view of the issues. Results. Out of a total 114 articles, number of 85 codes, 10 concepts and 3 components were identified concerning the personality dimensions of university professors. Based on the findings, the codes of "teaching skills", "research skills", "interactive ability", and "individual ability" were the most frequent components of the personality dimensions of faculty members. Conclusion. According to the findings, universities should pay special attention to academic mastery, eloquence, and interest in teaching when recruiting faculty members. Additionally, it is important to plan and organize teaching empowerment workshops for them. This leads to more satisfaction among students and improves the quality of teaching and learning. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used in the policymaking of ministries and universities when recruiting faculty members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Iranian universities have undergone many changes in recent years, which have led to more attention being paid to innovative development and changes in the main function of universities. In an era when university managers face new challenges such as fleeting changes and opportunities, uncertainty and disorder, having a strategic approach can help managers focus on distant horizons and identify opportunities and advantages as well as coherence. The activities of the university helped to clear the path of collective goals. For this reason, most universities have prepared a strategic plan to recognize and solve problems, identify strengths and weaknesses, make optimal use of opportunities and situations, and master the threats that endanger the university's existence. One of the main sources for realizing the strategic plan is financial resources, which the university often faces with a lack of funds. In addition, sudden economic shocks add to the instability and make it necessary to use the university's financial resources effectively. Methodology: A mathematical optimization model of the type of integers is presented for the management and optimal allocation of financial resources according to the performance and effectiveness of universities' scientific activities. Findings: This model has been implemented to realize nine different activities in the strategic plan of Allameh Tabatabai University, separated by faculties. These nine activities include 1) publishing a book, 2) publishing an internal article, 3) publishing an external article, 4) holding a theory session, 5) holding a meeting to solve problems and a promotional session, 6) implementing educational plans, 7) holding internal and external conferences, 8) holding internal and external workshops and meetings, and 9) other activities. Originality/Value: Implementing this model and performing sensitivity analysis on its important parameters will bring acceptable and effective results for the support of faculty officials as well as managers of the university's strategic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses working in psychiatric departments were also involved, which affected their mental health. The present study aims to determine the effect of psychological immunization on perceived stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in nurses working in the psychiatry department of a hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted from February to June 2022. Participants were 50 nurses from the psychiatry department of Baharan Hospital in Zahedan city who were selected by a census method, and were assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic form, the perceived stress scale, and the corona disease anxiety scale. The psychological immunization was provided in two four-hour workshops. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using mean, standard deviation and chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Most of the nurses had an infection with COVID-19 and were vaccinated. The mean and score of anxiety decreased from 11.96±10.05 to 8.12±6.92 in the intervention group (P=0.004) and decreased from 11.84±10.26 to 8.40±6.51 in the control group (P=0.07). The mean score of perceived stress changed from 27.45±5.56 to 27.20±4.20 after intervention in the intervention group (P=0.8) and from 27.48±4.71 to 28.32±4.87 in the control group (P=0.43). Conclusion The psychological immunization program has no significant effect on anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19 in nurses of psychiatric departments in Zahedan, Iran. It is recommended that psychiatric hospital managers should pay attention to the psychological problems of nurses at the beginning of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Training skilled doctors and the benefit the medical students receive from education, especially clinical education, depends on the realization of the goals of medical schools and teaching hospitals, which is achieved through communication and interaction between these two institutions in medical universities. These interactions are established through different policies, laws, regulations, and memorandums. This study aimed to determine the current status of professional interactions between the medical school and teaching hospitals in Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods. The present study was carried out in 2021 using a quantitative approach, in terms of practical purpose, descriptive method, and data collection method. Individuals from research areas, officials of the medical school, officials of the teaching hospitals, and the officials of the Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected for sampling. A total number of 105 individuals were questioned. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results. According to the data analysis, the current status of professional interactions between the medical school and teaching hospitals in different areas of interaction were as follows (0 is the lowest and 10 is the highest): education and research: 5.68, governance: 4.79, financial budget: 3.83, human resources: 4.74, provision of health services: 4.55, physical resources and equipment: 4.76, and supply chain: 4.27. Conclusion. Considering the current state of interactions between the Faculty of Medicine and teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences, it was necessary to improve these interactions. Faculty members' attention to education, adjustment of frequent treatment practices, referral of learners to teaching hospitals according to a specific program, definition of joint research projects, revision of organizational structure and powers, allocation of the required budget, holding joint workshops for employees of two institutions, fair payments, optimal application of space and educational equipment, as well as setting up dynamic monitoring systems played an important role in promoting the interactions of the two institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most important element of society is the family. Accordingly, the study of factors that play a role in marital commitment is also of fundamental importance. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a causal model of marital commitment based on forgiveness and differentiation mediated by marital intimacy and the effectiveness of this model on the quality of marital relationships. Method: In terms of quantitative nature, practical purpose and data collection method, this study was a correlation of structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the study included all married employees of education in districts 1 and 2 of Sanandaj city in the academic year 2018-2019. Using cluster sampling method, 30 people were selected and replaced in experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, Marital Commitment Questionnaire, Marital Intimacy Scale, Self-Differentiation Questionnaire, Family Forgiveness Scale and Marital Relationship Quality Questionnaire were used. Analysis of covariance using SPSS-21 was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The results of structural equation analysis showed that forgiveness (P≤0.01, β=0.47), differentiation (P≤0.05, β=0.13), and intimacy (P≤0.05, β=0.12) has an indirect effect on marital commitment and forgiveness (0.08) and differentiation (0.02) through intimacy on marital commitment. Conclusion: The results showed that forgiveness, differentiation and intimacy affect marital commitment and effectiveness on the quality of marital relationships and it is suggested that the outlines of the program in the implementation of workshops and information about education and expression of importance Variables related to marital commitment should be the basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to reveal the role of educational institutions in preventing the phenomenon of drug abuse and psychotropic substances. The problem of the study is summarized in the main question: "What is the role of educational institutions in preventing the phenomenon of drug and psychotropic substance abuse?" The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and the study concluded with a set of results, perhaps the most important of which are: Educational institutions enhance knowledge of the phenomenon of drug and psychotropic substance abuse, and educational institutions contribute to holding special training workshops to identify the harms of drugs and psychotropic substances, and educational institutions raise awareness about the dangers of drugs and psychotropic substances and addiction to them, and among the most important recommendations: Educational institutions should monitor Special financial expenditures in their budgets in order to prepare programs to protect students from the phenomenon of drug and psychotropic substance abuse Educational institutions must cooperate fully with the Drug Enforcement Administration in building preventive plans and exchanging information The education system must develop curricula to capture all that is new in the world of drugs and psychotropic substances in order to protect students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: School teachers have key role in providing the basic health information for their students, and their knowledge, attitude, and practice affect children's oral health through developing of the healthy behaviors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health education program for primary school teachers on their knowledge, attitude, and practice fields in the framework of oral health promoting schools. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted among five oral health promoting schools in Isfahan city in 2019. A validated and reliable questionnaire including four sections of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice was applied for data collection. The questionnaire contained 24 knowledge, 9 attitudes, and 5 practice questions. It was distributed among 63 enrolled teachers at base line and two months later after two educational-emotional workshops. Before and after data were analyzed by SPSS21 (α=0.05) by related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and background variables by Kruskall-wallis test. Results: After the educational intervention, their knowledge score increased significantly from 14.1±3.8 to 18.5±3.7 (P<0.001). About 34% of teachers had a high level of knowledge proficiency at the beginning of the study which eventually rose to 76%. Teachers’ attitude decreased significantly from 34.6±5 to 31.4±4.6 (P<0.001). At the beginning of the study, 89% of them had a positive attitude towards oral health programs which decreased to 84% at the end of the study. In the performance part, 63.5% of the teachers paid attention to the fluoride in their toothpaste which reached 87.3% after the workshop and the teachers' performance score increased from 3.07 to 3.39 after the intervention (P<0.012). Conclusion: The package of educational intervention for teachers in oral health-promoting schools improved the level of knowledge and practice, but slightly reduced the level of attitude. However, due to the importance of changing attitudes in teachers and the existence of structural and programmatic barriers to integrate the health issues into school education, other models need to be evaluated and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Radiography is one of the most important para-clinical methods in diagnosing and selecting treatment in dentistry. Due to the potential dangers of X-rays for patients, the professional responsibility of the dentist requires that unnecessary radiographs to be avoided. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of dentists in Zanjan about the principles of radiation protection in 2019. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 107 general dentists and specialists working in Zanjan and the questionnaires were distributed among them. The level of awareness of dentists in 27 questions of radiographic prescribing questionnaire was evaluated and in each of the mentioned questions, their gender, age, work experience, participation in retraining, having X-ray machine in the field of dentistry and type of activity were evaluated. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Independent T-test, and ANOVA using SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge of general dentists about the principles of radiation protection (14.35±3.08) was lower than that of specialized dentists (17.19±2.35). Those who participated in retraining workshops (13.85±2.99) had less knowledge than those who did not (15.97±3.97), which was statistically significant (P<0.05); However, there was no significant difference in the dentists' knowledge about the principles of radiation protection based on gender, age, type of activity, having an X-ray machine at the place of treatment, and history of clinical experience (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Awareness of dentists at various levels was moderate. Therefore, designing and holding more purposeful retraining courses to maintain and improve the level of awareness of dentists according to the guidelines provided by the authorities, still seems to be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems has been created for various purposes by the World Health Organization which annually modifies it for a better classification of diseases and achievement of intended objectives. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge of coders in educational hospitals about the changes made in the 10th version of the classification system. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2018. The research population included coders in educational hospitals situated in south east of Iran. The population of the study consisted of 83 people selected through convenience sampling method and Morgan table. Data were gathered through an electronic questionnaire the link of which was sent to the participants. The data were analyzed in SPSS22 software using Pearson and ANOVA tests. Results: The participants had a very low knowledge of the changes in ICD-10 (27.36 ± 15). There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the participants and their education, and working experience as coders (P = .001) Conclusion: The findiongs indicated the coders’ low awareness of the changes in ICD-10; therefore, it is necessary to hold essential training workshops and create Persian sites to help them get familiar with the changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Use of computer and internet in our modern and digitalized society is an efficient tool to be up to date and fulfil the information gaps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of computer and internet usage among dental students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, in 2016. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study for evaluating access and usage of computer and internet by dental students was done using a researcher-made questionnaire on 401 dental students. Validity and reliability (Kappa: 0.82) of the questionnaire was confirmed. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS22 using descriptive and Logistic regression analyses. Results: More than 95% of the students had access to the computer and Internet. 45.6% of students reported their skills were in the basic level. The major use of computer among the students was internet but only 13.2% of students used Microsoft Office program. The students used the internet for dental subjects even monthly (34.9%) or weekly (29.4%). Only 9.7% of the students had participated in educational workshop for learning methods of research. The most limitation was internet velocity. Positive correlation was found among prospering ownership status (P<0.001), economic status (P=0.05), level of education semester (P=0.038) and the computer & internet usage (what's more in terms of access and also in terms of improve information and knowledge). Conclusion: Based on the results, a higher economic level, higher level of education, and property ownership made better access to the computer and Internet. However, computer skills should be more concerned in educational program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Tooth decay is still one of the most prevalent pediatric diseases. According to the role of general dentists and importance of first dental visit in prevention, the aim of this study was to evaluate dentist’s knowledge and attitude regarding children’s first dental visit in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 general practitioners participated. In order to assess the level of knowledge, a questionnaire including 2 parts was used as the main tool. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Our findings revealed that the level of knowledge in both sex was equal (P=0.067). There was no significant relationship between the workplace (P=0.68), age (P=0.77), work experience (P=0.84) and the level of knowledge. Interest of practitioners to get the necessary training about examination and treatment of 0-2 year-old children was medium. 51.17% of dentists, admitted the treatment of 8-12 year-old children. 34.5% of dentists revealed that misbehavior of children during treatment was the main reason for unwillingness to accept treating them. 46.9% of dentists, revealed that the most effective result of child’s dental visit at an early age is increasing parents’ knowledge about prevention of carries in primary dentition. Conclusion: The results showed that general dental practitioners in this study had a good level of knowledge about the first dental visit. Regarding to their little tendency to treat children, it seems necessary to hold workshops and seminars for better desired motivation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Entering to the mandatory service period affects one's mental health. One of the ways to improve mental health is to learn resilient skills. Aim: This research intends to study the effectiveness of training resiliency skills on soldier's mental health. Method: The statistical society included conscripts in Kermanshah police headquarter, among whom 30 people were selected using the method of availability and were accidentally appointed in the groups of control and test.to gather data, we used the Goldberg general health questionnaire with 28m questions. The data we gathered was analyzed using spss 17. Covariance test analysis results showed that training resiliency skills had a significant effect on improving soldier's mental health (p< 0.01). Results: according to the results, it can be said the program of training resiliency skills improves the soldier's mental health. Conclusion: therefore, this training program, workshops and creating consulting and supportive groups can be one of the interventional programs in order to improve the soldiers health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resident promotion exams are considered one of the most important summative exams in residency period that allow residents to proceed to a higher grade. Multiple choice questions are the most common and objective test in medical science education. Therefore, finding methods to improve quality of exams, particularly in specialty programs, is important. The aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of training workshops on improving quality of residency promotion exams in medical school of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS). Methods: In this Quasi-experimental study (before & after), all questions of resident promotion exams of GUMS for 12 specialty programs in year 2010 (150 questions for each specialty-1800 questions in total) were structurally and taxonomically evaluated using a valid and reliable checklist based on Millman principles. After12 one–day educational workshops (one for each department) on multiple choice questions), questions of residents' promotion exam in year 2011 were evaluated. Data related to questions designed by faculties who had participated in the interventional workshop were analyzed using statistical Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Taxonomy of questions of written promotion exam in years 2010 and 2011 were as follows: 1204(%66.09) questions were of first level taxonomy, 565 (%31.4) of 2nd level, and 31(% 1.7) of 3rd level in the 2010 exam, and 867 questions (%48.2) were of first level taxonomy, 741 (%41.2) of 2nd level, and 192 (%10.6) of 3rd level in the 2011. Findings showed significant differences between taxonomy of questions of different programs in 2010 and 2011 (p=0.0001, Z=23.83). Also, according to Millman's structural principles, the rate of questions with no structural problem was %66.77 in the year 2010 and %75.22 in 2011. There is a statistically significant difference based on Millman principles between 2010 and 2011 (p=0.0001, Z=16.703). Conclusion: Current study showed that training workshops are effective in improving the rate of questions targeted at higher levels of knowledge (Taxonomies 2 & 3) in residency promotion exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Blended-E-Learning system uses various methods and technologies to improve learning quality. We developed some courses based on Instructional System Design Processes (analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation) for blended-e-learning, then we evaluated the effectiveness of this system in Tehran University of medical Science. Methods: In this partnership-based action research study, carried out in 2008-2009, firstly viewpoints of faculty members and also nursing and midwifery students of Tehran University of Medical Science on the blended e-learning were assessed via a valid and reliable questionnaire. Then a platform of blended e-learning was designed and voluntary faculty members participated in a workshop held to develop an e-learning course. Finally a blended learning program covering 22 courses (45 credits) for BS, MS and PhD students of nursing and midwifery was designed. At the end of the semester, we used questionnaires and check-lists to assess students' & faculty members' feedback on the learning outcome of this program. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, Chi square and Wilcoxon tests in SPSS software version 16. Results: 181 students filled out and returned questionnaires (response rate=82.2%). 67.4% students were highly satisfied with this system. Similarly 88.2% of faculty members were completely satisfied with teaching in blended e-learning system. Both students and faculty members preferred the blended e-learning system to the conventional method (P=0.000). Mean scores of students' grades and participation were significantly higher in blended learning method than students' in the previous semester with face-to-face method (P<0.001). Conclusion: Because the blended e-learning uses benefits of both e-learning & face to face learning and provides more flexibility and satisfaction for learner and teacher, it can be considered as an effective alternative method for education in universities of medical sciences in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is provided on the professional workshop on Tehran, Iran's landscape phenomenology held in Tehran in August 2015 on topics, including the influence of citizens on the landscape, Tehran water streams and urban planning.

Information is provided on the 13th workshop held at the Nazar Research Center in Tehran, Iran on the subject of the Persian poet Ferdowsi's perspective on architecture, led by the Iranian poet, journalist and literary scholar Ms. Mahin Banoo Asadi. Particular focus is given to Asadi's reading of the poetry book "Shahnameh," by Ferdowsi, including the poem's depiction of the fortification architecture.