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Introduction: The effect of aerobic exercise on the blood coagulation system as a risk factor for coronary disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a session of moderate aerobic exercise on some of the blood coagulation factors in the young girls. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 11 healthy female volunteers aged 21 to 24 years, who had taken no systematic physical exercise for one year. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The performed protocol comprised 30 minutes of running with 70-75% intensity of maximal heart rate reserved. Every volunteer donated blood for 3 times (before, immediately after and 30 minutes after the intervention), and the coagulation factors of Platelet count, Mean Platelet Volume, PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen and Factor VIII of plasma were measured. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Immediately after a session of aerobic exercise, the platelet count and factor VIII increased about 23% (P= 0.001) and 75% (P=0.004), respectively while aPTT decreased about 8% (P= 0.007). PT showed a delayed increase observed 30 minutes after the exercise (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that physical exercise, even with moderate intensity, activates some of blood coagulation markers and can lead to further side effects and probably a longer recovery. These findings would be helpful in adjusting the exercise intensity for the sedentary people, especially at the beginning of the training course.

Introduction & Objective: One of the important problems in modern society is people's sedentary life style. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with regular physical activity among college students based on BASNEF model.Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study carried out on 400 students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Based on the assignment among different schools, classified sampling method was chosen for data gathering using a questionnaire in three parts including: demographic information, constructs of BASNEF model, and standard international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS-13, and using appropriate statistical tests (Chi-square, T-test and regression). Results: Based on the results, 271 students(67.8 %) had low, 124 (31%) moderate ,and 5 (1.2%) vigorous physical activity. There was a significant relationship (c2=6.739, df= 1, P= 0.034) between their residence and physical activity and students living in dormitory were reported to have higher level of physical activity. Behavioral intention and enabling factors from the constructs of BASNEF model were the best predictors for having physical activity in students (OR=1.215, P = 0.000) and (OR=1.119, P= 0.000) respectively.Conclusion: With regard to the fact that majority of the students did not engage in enough physical activity and enabling factors were the most effective predictors for having regular physical activity in them, it seems that providing sports facilities can promote physical activity among the students.(Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2011;18(3):70-76)

Studying the history of urbanization in different countries is one of the useful tools that makes us familiar with the changes of this phenomena. One of these countries that its archeological evidences show a long history in urbanization and sedentary, is India. It seems that this country had passed numerous up and downs in its urbanization process. The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive method that mainly used from published data and statistics of the India Census website. The division of the population studied in this research is based on UN standards which at least is 10000. The Excel software has been used for data analyzing. The results of our study show that in this country, despite the high rate of population growth reported by international organization(such as UN), the urbanization rate is low. Although there is a high potential for urbanization in this country, the severe regional inequalities is turning this matter to a challenge. Therefore, performing the regional strategies along with balancing the situation of the area are suggested as practical solution., منشأ آفرینش و جایگاه انسان در شعر بیدل دهلوی مطالعه و بررسی تاریخ شهرنشینی در کشورهای مختلف دنیا، یکی از ابزارهای مفیدی است که می­تواند ما را با روند تغییر و تحوّلات این پدیده در حوزه­های مختلف جغرافیایی آشنا نماید. یکی از این کشورها، هندوستان است که شواهد باستان شناسی حاکی از یک تاریخ طولانی­مدت در امر یکجانشینی و شهرنشینی در این منطقه است. به نظر می­رسد که این کشور در روند شهرنشینی خود، فراز و نشیب­های متعددی را پشت سر گذاشته است. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و اطلاعات مورد استفاده به صورت عمده از اطلاعات مندرج در وب­سایت سازمان سرشماری هند برگرفته شده است. مبنای تقسیم بندی شهرها در جامعه ی آماری این تحقیق، بر اساس استاندارد سازمان ملل که حداقل جمعیتی آن ده هزار نفر است. ابزار تجزیه و تحلیل، اطلاعات نرم افزارEXCEL است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد علی­رغم اطلاعات جهانی ارائه شده درباره ی این کشور، نرخ رشد بالای جمعیت؛ نرخ شهرنشینی در این کشور پایین است. اگر چه روند شهرنشینی در این کشور، دارای پتانسیل­ها و قابلیت­های بالایی است؛ وجود نابرابری­های شدید منطقه­ای تا حدودی این مسأله را به چالش می­کشد. لذا اجرای راهبردهای منطقه­ای در راستای متوازن سازی در حوزه ی مورد مطالعه می­تواند به عنوان راه­حلی کاربردی پیشنهاد گردد. کلید واژه ها: شهرنشینی، الگوی توسعه، جهان سوم، هندوستان.

Macrobenthos are important elements of the sea ecosystems living in the sediments and include Polychaeta, Decapoda and Mollusca. Some species of this group are considered as biological indicators for aquatic ecosystems. Macrobenthos are mostly sedentary which can be used as indexes of ecological conditions. We studied and compared benthic community structure as bioindicators of pollution in Ghazaleh and Ghanam estuaries, east and west of Moosa Estuary. Six groups of macrobenthos were identified and isolated of which the abundant groups were Decapoda with 23.3% and Gastropoda with 21.6%. The highest abundance of macrobenthos (1932 individual m2) was recorded at the extreme end of Ghanam estuary, and the lowest of (818 individual m^2) was recorded of the front part of Ghazaleh estuary of the most significant contaminating factors in the region were pollutants from urban and industrial waste water, waste materials from oil leakage, and ship balance water. The results indicated that Ghazaleh estuary which is located beside the jetty for transportation of petroleum products has a higher amount of pollution with lower species variety. On the contrary, the Ghanam estuary which is far from industrial activities has more species variety. We also found that species belonging to Polychaeta have dominance in polluted regions and can be referred to as ecological indicators in the region.