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The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of a dietary spoiled fish meal along with the protective effects of vitamins E and C on the growth, hematological and biochemical indices of rainbow trout fingerlings. For this purpose, 240 rainbow trout fingerlings with an average weight of 12.75±0.25g were fed on 4 treatments diets including: 1: a diet containing fresh fish meal; treatment 2: a diet with spoiled fish meal; treatment 3: a diet with spoiled fish meal and low level of vitamin supplements (100mg/kg vitamin E, 200mg/kg vitamin C) and treatment 4: a diet containing spoiled fish meal and high levels of vitamin supplements (200mg/kg vitamin E, 400mg/kg vitamin C) for 60 days. At the end of the test period, the indices of final weight, specific growth rate, body weight gain, and food conversion ratio were calculated. Also, hematological parameters, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the final weight, specific growth rate, and body weight gain decreased in treatments 2, 3, and 4, while the food conversion ratio increased (P≤0.05). WBC and Hb increased in treatments 3 and 4 (P≤0.05). RBC and Htc% augmented in treatment 3 (P≤0.05). Triglyceride diminished in treatments 3 and 4 (P≤0.05), but cholesterol and LDL increased in treatments 2 and 3 and decreased in treatments 2 (P≤0.05). HDL has grown in treatments 3 and 4 (P≤0.05). It can be concluded that spoiled fish meal harms growth, hematological, and biochemical indices, and vitamin supplements are impacts on reducing these effects in hematological and biochemical indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lecithin -based liposomes were studied as carriers of vitamins E and C to enrich lentil/buckwheat-based fermented beverages. Liposomes prepared by hydration method. Particle size and shape were analyzed by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The percentage of encapsulation efficiency of vitamins E and C was determined by HPLC method. The encapsulation efficiency of vitamin E and C nanoliposome's was 88.5% and 50%, respectively. The average volume diameter of vitamin C nanoliposomes was smaller than the average volume diameter of vitamin E nanoliposomes. The results showed that the produced liposomes are stable nanoliposomes with small size, low Polydispersity index and single-mode with high negative surface charge. Electron Microscopy Images showed nanometer-sized spherical nanoliposomes. Vitamin E nanoliposomes had higher turbidity compared to vitamin C nanoliposomes. Adding vitamin E and C nanoliposomes to the fermented beverage not only had no negative effect on the chemical composition and sensory acceptance of the drink, but also increased the total phenolic contents and antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study was performed to evaluate the effect of immune system stimulants (vitamins E, C and selenium) on biochemical and immunity indices of Late calcarifer. For this purpose, two treatments were selected. Treatment 1 or control group was fed with food without immune stimulant and treatment 2 with diet containing vitamins E, C and selenium at 2% of the biomass weight. Finally, growth efficiency indices were compared in two treatments. Results showed final weight of the control and treatment groups was 761.33 ± 35.8 g and 850.00 ± 5.77 g, respectively. The specific growth rate of the control and treatment groups was 1.3 ± 0.02 and 1.35 ± 0.01 but the feed conversion ratio did not show a significant difference. Hemoglobin and erythrocytes showed a significant increase compared to the control in treatments containing immune stimulants and supplementation (p < 0.05). White blood cells ranged from 41417 ± 2964.84 in the treatment to 42500 ± 683.13 in the control treatment. The number of red blood cells in the control treatment was 2810000 ± 19.1763 and the recipient treatment was 3951667 ± 14588.84. Immune system stimulants including vitamins E, C and selenium can play a role in improving the growth, blood, biochemical and safety indices of farmed Late calcarifer.

Background & Objective: Sodium metabisulfite which is used as a food preservative in the food industry, has adverse effects on body organs such as kidney and body grouth rate. In this research we have studied the protective effect of Vitamin C and E as antioxidants, on the kidney tissue damage after the consumption of Sodium metabisulfite. Materials & methods: Forty-eight Adult male Wistar rats of 150-200 grams were divided into 6 groups of 8 each. Rats in the experimental groups received Sodium metabisulfite (520 mg / kg body weight) by gavage feeding for 30 consecutive days. Also during this period, the experimental groups 2 and 3 received a daily dose of 100 mg / kg vitamins C and E, Respectively. The experimental group 4 received 50 mg / kg vitamin C plus 50 mg / kg of vitamin E by the same root. Control group received only normal diet and water. The placebo received vehicle (drug solvent) as well as normal diet and water. At the end of the exprimental period the body growth rate was measured between the groups. The histhopatological examination was performed on the kidney tissue sections. by light microscope Results: The results showed sodium metabisulfite in daily dietary could lead to the kidney tissue damage and reduced body weight in rats (p

Background & aim: Oxidative stress is one of the possible molecular mechanisms of light-mediated neurotoxicity of lead and on the other hand vitamin C and E have high antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of these two vitamins on the effects of lead toxicity on learning ability. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted on thirty-two male Wistar rats divided in groups of 8, including a control group received no lead and vitamins, the group received water containing lead (0.2%), the group received water containing lead plus vitamin C and final group received water containing lead and vitamin E. Materials were used in mice by gavage daily for 3 months. Morris water maze device was used to assess spatial memory. Measures of spatial learning and memory were assessed using ANOVA. Result: Time for finding the platform (s) during the training phase in the lead group plus vitamin E and vitamin C was lesser than the lead group alone. Also in the retrieval and working memory tests, both groups lead plus vitamin E and lead plus vitamin C, a significant difference in the percentage of the elapsed time in the target quadrant and the average time to find the platform (s) in the fourth day of having lead was observed (p

Background and Objective: An activity performed through a new motional pattern and very intensively often leads to a kind of muscle soreness whose indicator is delayed onset of pain, which is called Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). This study was done to determine the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and delayed onset muscle soreness in professional basketball players. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 24 male professional basketball players were randomly divided into four groups including vitamin C (1000 mg), vitamin E (800 IU), vitamin C (500 mg) + vitamin E (400 IU) and placebo (Glucose 500 mg). Supplement was consumed two hours before and 24 hours after leg press and scuat exercise. Blood samples were collected before the first supplementation and immediately (post- exercise), 24 hour and 48 hour after exercises. Serum creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C and vitamin E and the level of perceived muscle soreness were evaluated. Results: MDA in Vitamin E group significantly decreased in the 24-hr to 48-hr after the exercise in compared to bignning of exercise (P

Introduction: Dazinon (DZN) as organophosphate insecticide induces oxidative stress. Vitamins E and C are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress. Objective: To determine the modulation of diazinon-induced oxidative stress by vitamins E and C in rat brain. Materials and Methods: In present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (corn oil as DZN solvent), DZN (100 mg/kg), vitamin E (150 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg), vitamin E+DZN and vitamin C+DZN groups, all of which were given intraperitoneally. 24 hours after injection, animals were anesthetized by ether, and brain tissue was quickly removed. After tissues hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. Results: DZN increased SOD (p<0.001) and GST (p<0.01) activities and MDA level (p<0.01), while it decreased CAT and LDH activities and GSH content (p<0.01) in brain compared with the control group. Administration of vitamin E or vitamin C inhibited the changed in these parameters. Discussion: Administration of vitamin E or vitamin C as antioxidant decreases DZN toxicity by scavenging free radicals but it does not protect completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background & aim: Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and reluctant in the individual or its cells. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antioxidant vitamins E and C in prevention of the toxicity of copper and molybdenum in rabbits. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group (control group) received no medication The second group received 80 mg/Kg/day sodium molybdate orally until symptoms of toxicity, the third group received 4 mg/kg of copper sulfate orally with sodium molybdate, Group IV 150 mg/kg of vitamin E with sodium molybdate orally, and group V 20 mg/kg orally received vitamin C with sodium molybdate. Using the total antioxidant capacity parameters, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin levels in rabbit’s serum parameters levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense were obtained after a 35-day trial. The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey's test. Results: The results of the present study indicated that molybdenum induced alopecia and depigmentation and molybdenum as a stress factor increased levels of malondialdehyde. So that the amount of malondialdehyde from 1.285 in the control group to 1.849 µM/L Molybdenum increased significantly. Although this indexes in the groups receiving vitamin E and C decreased significantly from 0.375 to 0.426 µM/L respectively. However, the total antioxidant capacity in any of the groups compared with the control group showed no change. Conclusion: Molybdenum toxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents of vitamins E and C can reduce its toxic effects. Key words: Antioxidant, Molybdenum, vitamin E, vitamin C, Copper, Rabbit

Sodium metabisulfite which is used as a food preservative in the food industry, has adverse effects on body organs such as kidney and body grouth rate. In this research we have studied the protective effect of Vitamin C and E as antioxidants, on the kidney tissue damage after the consumption of Sodium metabisulfite. Materials & methods: Forty-eight Adult male Wistar rats of 150-200 grams were divided into 6 groups of 8 each. Rats in the experimental groups received Sodium metabisulfite (520 mg / kg body weight) by gavage feeding for 30 consecutive days. Also during this period, the experimental groups 2 and 3 received a daily dose of 100 mg / kg vitamins C and E, Respectively. The experimental group 4 received 50 mg / kg vitamin C plus 50 mg / kg of vitamin E by the same root. Control group received only normal diet and water. The placebo received vehicle (drug solvent) as well as normal diet and water. At the end of the exprimental period the body growth rate was measured between the groups. The histhopatological examination was performed on the kidney tissue sections. by light microscope Results: The results showed sodium metabisulfite in daily dietary could lead to the kidney tissue damage and reduced body weight in rats (p <0.05). However, vitamins C and E can reduce the kidney tissue damage and allow a normal growth weight (p <0.05). Conclusion: With this study we could conclude that the antioxidant effect of that vitamins C and E have a protective effect on renal damage induced by sodium metabisulfite consumption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the paste of microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, was produced and the effects of vitamin C and E on its food value and shelf life improvement during eight weeks of storage in refrigerator (4°C) was investigated. The microalga was initially mass grown up to logarithmic phase in standard convey medium, then concentrated by cream skimmer centrifugation method. The obtained algal paste was treated by adding vitamins C, E and their mixture (all 0.1% weight/weight), and refrigerated for 8 weeks. The density of algal cells was1.38109 cells/ml and the production yield was about 1.7 gr/l. The cell viability in vitE-treated pastes (39/99±2/1%) was higher than the control group (p>0.05), indicating the positive effect of the preservatives. The proximate analysis showed that the control group had the lowest moisture (86.8 %), the vit C-treated group had the highest protein (36.6%) and lowest ash (29.9%), and the mixture of vits-treated group had the highest fat content (13.4%) at the end of the storage period. pH in the control and vit- C treated groups was lower than the other two treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, using of vitamins E and C as well as refrigerator storage are suggested for qualitative preservation of T. suecica algal paste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Organophosphates such as diazinon (DZN) induce the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamins E and C as antioxidants in reduction of DZN-induced oxidative stress in rat heart. Materials & Methods: In present experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups control (corn oil as DZN solvent), DZN (100mg/kg), vitamin E (150mg/kg), vitamin C (200mg/kg), vitamin E+DZN and vitamin C+DZN. 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection, animals were anesthetized by ether, and heart tissue was quickly removed. After tissues hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were statistically analyzed using Instat 3.3 by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test. Findings: DZN increased SOD, CAT and GST activities (p<0.01) and MDA level (p<0.05), while decreased LDH activity (p<0.05) and GSH content (p<0.01) in heart compared with the control group. Administration of vitamins E and C inhibited changing of these parameters. Conclusion: Administration of vitamins E and C as antioxidant decreases DZN-induced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: An activity performed through a new motional pattern and very intensively often leads to a kind of muscle soreness whose indicator is delayed onset of pain, which is called Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). This study was done to determine the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and delayed onset muscle soreness in professional basketball players. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 24 male professional basketball players were randomly divided into four groups including vitamin C (1000 mg), vitamin E (800 IU), vitamin C (500 mg) + vitamin E (400 IU) and placebo (Glucose 500 mg). Supplement was consumed two hours before and 24 hours after leg press and scuat exercise. Blood samples were collected before the first supplementation and immediately (post- exercise), 24 hour and 48 hour after exercises. Serum creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C and vitamin E and the level of perceived muscle soreness were evaluated. Results: MDA in Vitamin E group significantly decreased in the 24-hr to 48-hr after the exercise in compared to bignning of exercise (P<0.05). Serum CK significantly increased 24-hr and 48-hr after the exercise in all groups (P<0.05). Muscle pain perception non significantly increased after the exercise in all groups in compare to baseline level. Conclusion: Short period supplementationin of vitamin C and E, either alone or in combination can not reduce pain and muscle damage and lipid peroxidation following the leg press and scuat exercise in professional basketball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The need for energy in strenuous exercises necessitates increased oxygen consumption and hence increased production of reactive oxygen species. It seems that vitamins C and E supplementation reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E supplementation on muscle damage and oxidative stress in female athletes. Methods: This four-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial, recruited 64 trained female athletes from gyms in Isfahan, Iran. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups A-D and received vitamin C (250 mg/day), vitamin E (400 international units), both vitamins C and E, and placebo. Blood samples were obtained before and after the intervention to measure muscle damage indices, i.e. aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde. Findings: Among muscle damage indices, only creatine kinase levels significantly reduced between groups at the end of the study (P = 0.030). Considering within group differences, creatine kinase significantly decreased in group A (P = 0.002). No within or between group differences were observed in aspartate aminotransferase levels. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly decreased in group B (P = 0.020). Significant reductions in malondialdehyde levels were also detected in groups A, C and D (P < 0.050). Conclusion: According to our findings, vitamins C and E supplementation can be beneficial in reducing muscle damage indices during aerobic exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is inadequate awareness about the effects anaerobic activity and vitamin supplementation on oxidative stress indices and cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of supplementation with vitamins C and E on malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after anaerobic activity in teenage water polo players. Methods: In this semi-experimental, double-blind research, 16 water polo players with at least two years of professional experience were selected (mean age: 15.00 ± 0.06 years, mean height: 162.00 ± 0.08 cm, mean weight: 58.0 ± 7.1 kg). They were randomized to placebo and supplement groups to receive either dextrose (400 IU with 250 ml water) or a combination of vitamin E (200 IU) and vitamin C (400 mg) for 14 days. At baseline and on day 15, blood samples were collected before and immediately and 30 minutes after the participants had performed 100m freestyle swimming with maximum speed. Differences between groups were analyzed using combined analysis of variance in SPSS18. The level of significance was considered as 0.05. Findings: Supplementation significantly decreased level of MDA and activity of GPX, CAT, and SOD. In addition, TAC was increased in the supplement group. Conclusion: Supplementation with vitamins C and E supplementation clearly increases TAC against oxidative stress. It can thus reduce the degenerative effects of oxidants on cell membrane and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]