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Background: Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Currently, because of increased risk factors and life expectancy, the prevalence of this cancer has increased. Therefore, health care systems should focus more on liver cancer. Evaluation of efficacy and side effects of therapeutic methods can identify potential problems in such patients and provide a good basis for patient care plans. This is an effective step to increase patient satisfaction and subsequently increase treatment success. This review study aimed to evaluate the side effects and efficacy of treatment modalities in patients with liver cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was based on the method presented by Cronin and colleagues (2008), which has five stages. The articles in the timeframe of 2018-2012 were searched. 20 paper have been selected and studied which are more relevant to the topic, and each of them has at least two keywords. Results: The treatment modalities for liver cancer are classified into two groups: surgical (hepatic resection, liver transplantation), and nonsurgical (microwave, radiofrequency, trans arterial chemoembolization, ethanol injection, and chemotherapy). Their complications are divided into physical and psychological sections. The more invasive these methods (surgical) or the more systemic side effect they have (chemotherapy), the greater the physical and psychological complications will be. This study shows that the incidence of adverse events in chemotherapy and hepatic resection was higher than the other treatments, while microwave and radiofrequency had fewer side effects. Adverse effects are the determinants of survival, health-related quality of life, and efficacy of therapeutic modalities. This study shows that the efficacy of microwave and radiofrequency therapies were more than the other therapeutic modalities. Conclusion: Treatment modalities in liver cancer are classified into two groups, surgical and non-surgical. Their consequences are categorized as physical and psychological. By assessing the complications of treatments the survival rate and quality of life in patients with liver cancer are determined. Although in many situations because of patient's conditions and the stages of the disease, it is not possible to choose treatments with low side effects, increasing the awareness of the benefits and potential side effects of each treatment, can help in planning for prevention and appropriate action. Also, increasing the patients’ knowledge about the side effects of the therapeutic methods will lead to the patients’ informed involvement in the treatment process, which will have a significant positive effect on reducing anxiety and depression in affected patients, and promote the quality of medical and nursing care, and can reduce the financial burden of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, cancer is one of the health concerns in modern societies. The use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, imaging, and cancer treatment has received much attention in medical sciences. The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with biopolymer chitosan/alginate on melanoma cancer cells (Hep G2 cells). Material & Methods: In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, namely chitosan and alginate. The size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to iron magnetic nanoparticles was checked by an infrared spectrometer. In this study, magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles were treated for 24 hours and the IC50 concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Findings: After examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device, the size of 50 nanometers was shown for the modified iron nanoparticles, and the shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical. Discussion & Conclusion: The findings from the investigations of binanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. Furthermore, the findings showed that magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 µM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and did not have significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells at concentrations below 25 μM/ml. The coating of iron oxy nanoparticles significantly reduces their toxicity concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer is one of the common cancers. Despite many advances in medical sciences, it continues to be one of the main problems in the care systems. Diagnosis of the disease and its treatments result in many problems for affected patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 84 patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, using available sampling methods. Questionnaires on cancer treatments, Fatigue Severity Scales, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, Edmonton Symptoms Scales, and demographic characteristics were filled before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Descriptive statistics, t test, and correlation test were used as appropriated. Results: The study showed many consequences such as anxiety, pain, and fatigue. Mean physical and psychological outcomes after treatment showed a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05), which led to a significant decrease in FACT. Conclusion: Consequences have an inverse and significant relationship with patients’ performances and their quality of life. Due to the direct effects of consequences on life, they should be reduced or eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infection, especially pulmonary infection and pneumonia, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy. Chest X-ray (CXR) is an initial guide, quick, inexpensive, available and low-radiation dose widely performed when pneumonia is suspected. According to various studies, the role of routine CXR in the diagnostic evaluation of febrile neutropenic patients without pulmonary symptoms is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of routine CXR in asymptomatic pulmonary neutropenic patients. Methods: 118 neutropenic patients (59 men and 59 women) with the age of more than 18 years were studied. History, physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urine analysis (U/A), and urine culture (U/C) were checked. In both, symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, 2 CXRs [Posterior-Anterior (PA) and lateral] were obtained and one radiologist studied CXRs without knowing about the physical examination. Findings: The incidence of pneumonia in was 17.8% in the entire population and 6.8% in asymptomatic pulmonary group. The incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher in men than in women (P = 0.04); the incidence of pneumonia significantly increased with age increasing (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Comparing our findings to similar studies, routine CXR in febrile neutropenic men with the age of more than 50 years is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]