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To determine the genetic diversity of Rutilus frisii kutum, 25 samples were collected from Gharesou and Gorgan-rud rivers in April 2008. The genomic DNA was extracted from the caudal fin using phenol- chloroform method and investigated with 10 microsatellite loci. All the 10 investigated loci were polymorphic and showed variability in the two populations of the rivers. The mean number of allele per locus at population level and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 4 to 13 and 0.22 to 1.00, respectively. The FST value between populations was 0.014 (P

Esox lucius Linnaeus1758 is one of the economically valuable species of Caspian Sea. Genetic diversity of marine resources is of vital important in their management and protection; Seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic variation of 60 samples of Esox in Amir and Anzali wetlands of Gilan. Results showed conspicuous genetic variation in regions using Fst, AMOVA and a relatively high level of gene flow was found among populations. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.626 and 0.662 respectively. Assessment of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that all samples of studied showed significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p ≤ 0.05).There were evidences for genetic bottleneck in the populations. Cluster and molecular variance analysis showed two completely distinct population in these wetlands, and this subject must be considered by fishery organization to resource management of this species.