Search

Background. Hypocalcemia is a common complication of total thyroidectomy. It has many consequences for the health of patients and negatively affects the patient’s quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of vitamin D serum levels before total thyroidectomy in the occurrence of hypocalcemia. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 patients who were candidates for total thyroidectomy surgery and referred to 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan in 2022. Demographic information, laboratory variables, and clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia before surgery, and 24 hours and two weeks after surgery were collected using a checklist. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software, independent t-tests, U-Man-Whitney, Wilcoxon, paired t-tests, and a Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results. The mean serum calcium level was significantly reduced 24 hours and two weeks after surgery. The average serum level of phosphorus also decreased significantly 24 hours after surgery. About 32.9% showed symptoms of hypocalcemia 24 hours after surgery. Hypocalcemia was not related to the serum vitamin D level. The mean serum calcium level was significantly lower in patients with hypocalcemic symptoms. The average parathyroid hormone one day after surgery was significantly higher in patients with normal calcium levels. Conclusion. Vitamin D serum level before total thyroidectomy is not related to hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone and phosphorus are related to serum calcium changes after surgery. Practical Implications. Serum vitamin D levels before thyroidectomy cannot predict hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone and phosphorus are related to serum calcium changes after surgery. Therefore, long-term follow-up of calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and phosphorus levels is recommended for these patients.

Introduction: Infertility is a global health concern and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the infertile population is 27% to 65%. The role of vitamin D is proposed with the expression of receptors in all types of human reproductive tissues in reproductive health and the outcomes of ART. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D on ART outcomes. Methods: In this review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in all databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar were conducted from 2015 to 2023 with English keywords of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Vitamin D, Infertility, Male infertility, Female infertility and their Persian equivalents. Results: In total, 15 qualified articles were selected from among 1014 articles found for this study. Based on a wide range of studies, vitamin D potentially plays an important role in human fertility, and a positive correlation between high concentration of vitamin D and clinical pregnancy rate, fetal quality, and live birth rate in ART was reported. Conclusion: The effects of vitamin D on ART outcomes are controversial and its deficiency is related to ART outcomes. Probably, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on fertility is not associated with all forms of infertility and the difference in dose, time of supply and type of vitamin D may play a role in the contradiction of the results. Identifying the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of infertility and ART outcomes still requires further studies.

20 October every year is named "World Osteoporosis Day". Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. This disease is asymptomatic. Diagnosis and screening of this disease is very important, especially in postmenopausal women. If it not diagnosed and treated on time, these patients will suffer from fractures. Fractures in hip or multiple vertebrae, the patients become bedridden and occur the significant complications including immobility, and complications related to immobility such as Deep Vein Thrombosis, stroke, heart attack, bedsores. One of the most important effective factors in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, which plays an important role in preventing falls in the elderly, is vitamin D. In this article, we discuss the importance and how to use vitamin D.

Introduction: Despite the effect of vitamin D in improving clinical and laboratory symptoms and insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, there are still doubts about the role of vitamin D in the treatment of PCOS. Therefore, the present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D on biochemical indices and sexual hormones in PCOS patients.Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 2023 on 213 women aged 18-40 with PCOS diagnosis and vitamin D deficiency in Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital. Patients with a serum level greater than or equal to 30 ng/ml of vitamin D were included in the study and were divided into control and intervention groups. The control group was prescribed metformin 500 mg daily and the intervention group metformin 500 mg daily plus vitamin D 50,000 units weekly for 12 weeks and then the above factors were again checked. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22) and Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. P

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the most important causes of complications during pregnancy and has a high prevalence, so it is essential to identify the factors affecting its physiopathology as a way to prevent and treat it. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to investigate the serum level of vitamin D in healthy and diabetic pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 198 pregnant women (99 with gestational diabetes and 99 without gestational diabetes in the control group) referred to the treatment centers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining consent from the subjects and recording demographic information, serum vitamin D levels were also recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Independent T and Pearson correlation tests. P

Introduction: Infertility is a global health concern and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the infertile population is 27% to 65%. The role of vitamin D is proposed with the expression of receptors in all types of human reproductive tissues in reproductive health and the outcomes of ART. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D on ART outcomes. Methods: In this review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in all databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar were conducted from 2015 to 2023 with English keywords of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Vitamin D, Infertility, Male infertility, Female infertility and their Persian equivalents. Results: In total, 15 qualified articles were selected from among 1014 articles found for this study. Based on a wide range of studies, vitamin D potentially plays an important role in human fertility, and a positive correlation between high concentration of vitamin D and clinical pregnancy rate, fetal quality, and live birth rate in ART was reported. Conclusion: The effects of vitamin D on ART outcomes are controversial and its deficiency is related to ART outcomes. Probably, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on fertility is not associated with all forms of infertility and the difference in dose, time of supply and type of vitamin D may play a role in the contradiction of the results. Identifying the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of infertility and ART outcomes still requires further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the most important causes of complications during pregnancy and has a high prevalence, so it is essential to identify the factors affecting its physiopathology as a way to prevent and treat it. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to investigate the serum level of vitamin D in healthy and diabetic pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 198 pregnant women (99 with gestational diabetes and 99 without gestational diabetes in the control group) referred to the treatment centers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining consent from the subjects and recording demographic information, serum vitamin D levels were also recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Independent T and Pearson correlation tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean serum level of vitamin D in women with GDM was significantly lower than pregnant women in the control group (16.97 vs. 26.76 ng/ml). By grouping pregnant women based on age, gestational age, gravid and BMI, women with GDM had lower mean vitamin D levels than pregnant women in the control group (P<0.05). In the correlation analysis of women with GDM, vitamin D level had an inverse and significant relationship with 1-hour sugar (r=-0.212 and P=0.035) and 2-hour sugar (r=-0.223 and P=0.026), but no significant relationship with FBS level was observed. The sensitivity and specificity of vitamin D in the diagnosis of GDM at the cut-off point of 18.05 were 69.7% and 74.7%, and the positive and negative predictive value were 73.4% and 71.2%, and the overall accuracy was 72.2% and the level of agreement was moderate. Conclusion: Women with GDM had significantly less vitamin D, which can be considered a risk factor for GDM during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the effect of vitamin D in improving clinical and laboratory symptoms and insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, there are still doubts about the role of vitamin D in the treatment of PCOS. Therefore, the present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D on biochemical indices and sexual hormones in PCOS patients. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 2023 on 213 women aged 18-40 with PCOS diagnosis and vitamin D deficiency in Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital. Patients with a serum level greater than or equal to 30 ng/ml of vitamin D were included in the study and were divided into control and intervention groups. The control group was prescribed metformin 500 mg daily and the intervention group metformin 500 mg daily plus vitamin D 50,000 units weekly for 12 weeks and then the above factors were again checked. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22) and Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: : The mean of FSH, TG, HDL, and vitamin D factors after the intervention significantly increased compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). However, the mean of FBS and HOMA IR factors reduced after the intervention compared to before the intervention, and a statistically significant relationship was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of vitamin D in PCOS patients can have an effect on laboratory indices such as FBS, HOMA IR, FSH, TG and HDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since conflicting results have been reported about the relationship between the level of vitamin D in people with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic disorders, the present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of vitamin D administration on the clinical and laboratory symptoms of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome with vitamin D deficiency.Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 50 patients with sonographic evidence of polycystic ovary syndrome with vitamin D deficiency in two control and intervention groups. The intervention group was given vitamin D and the control group was given placebo. Clinical, laboratory and sonographic symptoms before and after the intervention were compared in two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), Man-Whitney U and Wilcoxon test. P0.05).Conclusion: Considering the role of vitamin D in ovum development and its relationship with the reduction and regulation of insulin, the use of this supplement is recommended to improve the clinical and laboratory symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and subsequently correct menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism. Also, in this study, vitamin D consumption did not cause a significant difference in insulin resistance between the two groups after the intervention.

Introduction: Since conflicting results have been reported about the relationship between the level of vitamin D in people with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic disorders, the present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of vitamin D administration on the clinical and laboratory symptoms of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 50 patients with sonographic evidence of polycystic ovary syndrome with vitamin D deficiency in two control and intervention groups. The intervention group was given vitamin D and the control group was given placebo. Clinical, laboratory and sonographic symptoms before and after the intervention were compared in two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), Man-Whitney U and Wilcoxon test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The intervention improved the level of vitamin D in the case group (P<0.001). There was significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of fasting insulin level (P=0.001), serum testosterone level (P<0.001), free testosterone level (P=0.042), LH to FSH ratio (P<0.001), LH level (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.027), and severity of hirsutism (P=0.016). Polycystic ovary syndrome and Oligomenorrhea was more in the control group (P <0.01); However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, HDL, systolic blood pressure, acne severity, and ovarian volume (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the role of vitamin D in ovum development and its relationship with the reduction and regulation of insulin, the use of this supplement is recommended to improve the clinical and laboratory symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and subsequently correct menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism. Also, in this study, vitamin D consumption did not cause a significant difference in insulin resistance between the two groups after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

20 October every year is named "World Osteoporosis Day". Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. This disease is asymptomatic. Diagnosis and screening of this disease is very important, especially in postmenopausal women. If it not diagnosed and treated on time, these patients will suffer from fractures. Fractures in hip or multiple vertebrae, the patients become bedridden and occur the significant complications including immobility, and complications related to immobility such as Deep Vein Thrombosis, stroke, heart attack, bedsores. One of the most important effective factors in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, which plays an important role in preventing falls in the elderly, is vitamin D. In this article, we discuss the importance and how to use vitamin D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Population aging is a global phenomenon and increase in the number of people over 60 yeas of age proves that the world is aging. An important component of successful aging is maintaining muscle mass and its function throughout life. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D serum level and muscle strength in the elderly as one of the important components of successful aging. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, out of 1,616 people who participated in the Amirkla Elderly Cohort, 720 people were randomly selected by considering eligibility criteria. The participants were divided according to their Vitamin D serum concentrations: Vitamin D deficiency (20ng/ml>), inadequate (30ng/ml>Vitamin D>20ng/ml), and sufficient (30ng/ml

Background and Aims: Considering the regulatory role of vitamin D3 in the immune system, this vitamin may be able to prevent autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system, so this study was conducted with the aim of comparison of the serum level of vitamin D3 in patients with oral lichen planus and healthy persons. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the serum vitamin D3 level of 80 people, including 40 patients referred to Guilan dental school who were suffering from oral lichen planus and 40 healthy individuals referred to the laboratory for routine check-up, after matching for age and gender, was investigated. Data based on the type of variable were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test using SPSS26 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In this study, 80 person participated, including 29 women (72.5%) and 11 men (27.5%) in each of two groups of patients with an average age of 52.17 ± 12.12 years and healthy people with an average age of 52.10 ± 12.23 years. The average serum level of vitamin D3 in the control group was significantly higher than the case group (P=0.006). There was no statistically significant relationship between the vitamin D3 serum level and different types of oral lichen planus, gender, duration of disease, and age. Conclusion: Considering the significant lower mean serum level of vitamin D3 in people with oral lichen planus; vitamin D3 may be effective as a supplement in the healing process of patients' lesions.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency in women may play a role in the pathogenesis of infertility and menstrual dysfunction. Due to the high percentage of insufficient vitamin D serum levels in women of reproductive age, recently the role of vitamin D in reproductive physiology has also been considered. The present study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between vitamin D serum level and pregnancy success rate in a cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in 2022, 116 reproductive-aged women diagnosed with both primary or secondary infertility in their first IVF cycle were studied. Based on the serum level of vitamin D in the blood sample measured by the Elisa method 7 days before embryo transfer, the participants were divided into two groups: deficiency or insufficient and sufficient and were evaluated at the gestational age of 7 weeks in terms of the presence of intrauterine gestational sac and the presence of heartbeat. Data collection tools included socio-demographic, infertility, and nutrition questionnaires, and checklists for recording test results and pregnancy outcomes. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 24) and chi-square, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. P

Background and purpose: Population aging is a global phenomenon and increase in the number of people over 60 yeas of age proves that the world is aging. An important component of successful aging is maintaining muscle mass and its function throughout life. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D serum level and muscle strength in the elderly as one of the important components of successful aging. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, out of 1,616 people who participated in the Amirkla Elderly Cohort, 720 people were randomly selected by considering eligibility criteria. The participants were divided according to their Vitamin D serum concentrations: Vitamin D deficiency (20ng/ml>), inadequate (30ng/ml>Vitamin D>20ng/ml), and sufficient (30ng/ml<). Hand muscle strength was measured using DIGI Hand Dynamometer, and quadriceps muscle strength was measured by the MMT clinical grading system that was divided into weak and sufficient according to the standard cut-off point. SPSS V17 was used and data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Spearman's correlation. Results: This study was conducted in 720 elderly people (360 men and 360 women) in Amirkola, north of Iran. Mean arm muscle strength was 25.84±9.8 and mean quadriceps muscle strength was 22.55±10.4. The average level of vitamin D was 35.15±33.73. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of arm and quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.272, P=0.370, respectively). In men, there was a positive correlation between BMI and arm muscle strength and quadriceps muscle strength (r=0.161, P=0.002 and r=0.168, P=0.0001). In women, there was a positive correlation between physical activity and arm muscle strength and quadriceps muscle strength (r=0.19, P=0.0001 and r=0.22, P=0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed no significant relationship between serum vitamin D levels and muscle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anti-cytokine considerations and other treatments in covid-19 patients with a history of diabetes can play an important role in preventing mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigation the concentration of IL-6, IL-10, and vitamin D in diabetic patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this research was all diabetic patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the special care department. 16 of them were selected as a statistical sample by the census. Cytokines were measured using a special kit for IL-6 and IL-10 based on the manufacturer's instructions, using the ELISA method. A level above 30 ng/dL of vitamin D was considered as a sufficient level, and a level below that was considered as an insufficient and deficient level. Independent t-test was used to compare two groups. In addition, to reveal the effect size in the independent test, Cohen's D effect sizes were calculated for each group. The significance level of all statistical operations was determined by SPSS at the P≤0.05 level. Graphs were drawn using Graph Pad Prism 9. Results: All diabetic patients infected with covid-19 suffered from vitamin D deficiency levels so, the level of vitamin D was between 10 and 20 ng/dl in all of them. Also, the results showed that the levels of both IL-6, IL-10 increased significantly in patients admitted to the intensive care unit compared to healthy individuals (P≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that measuring the level of IL-6, IL-10, and their ratio along with vitamin D can be used as a useful predictor to diagnosing special care measures in diabetic patients with covid-19.

Background: One of the important goals of therapeutic interventions is to control obesity and vitamin D deficiency, which are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and increased homocysteine. In this study, the effect of high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) and vitamin D on homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ​​levels in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, overweight women with vitamin D deficiency were investigated. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups of 13 (control, exercise, vitamin D and exercise+vitamin D). The exercise groups performed HIIRT with an intensity of 80% of one maximum repetition, and the vitamin D groups consumed vitamin D once a week. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests. Results: After 8 weeks of research interventions, homocysteine level decreased and TAC significantly increased in the experimental groups (P0.05). Conclusion: It seems that part of the optimal effects of HIIRT and vitamin D consumption in the health development of overweight women with vitamin D deficiency can be induced by increasing TAC and decreasing homocysteine.

Background & objectives: Obesity and vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with poor sleep quality (SQ), and lifestyle changes can effectively improve SQ. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- intensity interval running training (HIIRT) with VD intake on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and SQ in young women with VD deficiency. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 52 women with an average age of 25.98±1.95 years, body mass index of 27.54±1.13 kg/m2 and low VD status. After being selected by the available sampling method, the subjects were randomly divided into control, running training, VD and combined groups. HIIT performed in 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with one minute of active recovery. VD was consumed weekly with a dose of 50,000 units. SQ was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and paired t- test (p

Background and Aims: Vitamin D has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin D on Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone hormones and testicular tissue changes induced by methotrexate in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 230-260 g were divided into six groups (n=5). Control group: They received no extract or solvent, sham group: 1 ml of distilled water as a solvent, treatment group 1: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) (gavage), treatment group 2: vitamin D (1000 IU/kg), treatment group 3: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + vitamin D (500 IU/kg), and treatment group 4: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + vitamin D (1000 IU/kg). After 28 days of treatment in the form of gavage, blood was taken directly from the heart to measure the serum concentration of LH, FSH, and testosterone hormones. The testes were removed and tissue changes were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18), one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: In the group receiving methotrexate, the level of testosterone hormone, the number of spermatogonia (P>0.001), spermatocytes (P>0.001), sperm (P>0.001) and Leydig cells (P>0.001) decreased and the serum level of LH (P>0.001) and FSH (P>0.001) increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups. In groups receiving methotrexate + vitamin D, vitamin D was able to compensate for the adverse effects caused by methotrexate. Conclusion: Our results showed that vitamin D could improve LH, FSH, testosterone hormones, and testicular tissue changes induced by methotrexate in adult male rats.

Background and Objective: Vitamin D deficiency in humans is a major health problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing mortality and complications after intertrochanteric fracture of the hip joint. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 100 patients over 60 years of age with hip fractures and serum levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/ml referring to Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, were selected and randomly assigned to one of the intervention or control groups. The intervention group was given vitamin D in a vial of 600,000 units IM. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean age of the patients in the intervention and control groups were 78.04±8.50 and 79.40±7.30 years, respectively (P=0.430). Regarding gender, 54% of the patients in the intervention group and 60% in the control group were men. Mean serum levels of vitamin D were 15.48±4.03 and 14.23±3.28 ng/ml, respectively. The frequencies of mortality within one year after surgery were 8% and 18% (P=0.137), and the frequencies of complications were 4% and 14% (P=0.160). Conclusion: The injection of vitamin D supplement in the form of a single dose of 600,000 muscle units in patients over 60 years of age with vitamin D deficiency and intertrochanteric fracture of the hip joint reduced one-year mortality and complications. However, this reduction was not significant compared to the control group.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer in women and human papillomavirus is the most common risk factor of it. The present study was performed aimed to determine the relationship between Vitamin D and human papillomavirus in women referring to the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This comparative study was conducted on 140 women referring to the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Tehran in 2020. The case group were women with HPV infection and the control group in the same centers were the women with no HPV infection based on liquid based pap smear. Data was collected by interview and completing the questionnaire of Pap smear and measuring serum level of vitamin D. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26) and Mann-Whitney test, independent t, chi-square, Fisher's exact and logistic regression. P

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Decreased vitamin D levels increase the risk of gestational diabetes up to 45%. The present study was performed aimed to compare the relationship between serum level of vitamin D with gestational diabetes in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes referred to the gynecology clinic in Jahrom.Methods: This case-control study was performed in 2021 on 110 pregnant women referred to Jahrom gynecology clinic. GTT was performed with 4 blood samples for screening for gestational diabetes and measurement of HbA1C. Those with four or more abnormalities in the intravenous blood glucose test were identified as having gestational diabetes and were included in the case group, and those with normal GTT were matched with the case group and were placed in the control group. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and T-test, Mann-Whitney and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. P

Introduction: Serum levels of vitamin D on the development and exacerbation of symptoms of Covid-19 disease have been expressed and discussed in several studies. The present study was performed aimed to systematically review the studies performed on the relationship between serum level of vitamin D with the incidence and severity of Covid-19 symptoms disease in women and children.Methods: In this systematic review study, to obtain the related studies, the English databases of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched up to April 4, 2021 with the English keywords of Vitamin D and Covid-19 with combination of operators "AND" and "OR". Inclusion criteria were: cohort articles, case-control or cross-sectional and English language articles and the study population were women or children. The quality of articles was assessed using the Strobe checklist. Based on the Strobe criteria, studies which scored moderate and good in the assessment were included in the study.Results: Out of 315 articles, 23 qualified articles were reviewed. In these studies, the association between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence, severity, and mortality of Covid-19 was assessed. Two studies included the population of children and 21 studies of women.Conclusion: Low serum levels of vitamin D are significantly associated with an increase in the incidence of Covid-19 and the severity of the disease, but this relationship with the mortality rate from the disease provides contradictory results in several studies; therefore, more studies in this field are necessary to achieve more definite results, especially in children.

Background and Objective: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with a rising prevalence. Dietary factors, antioxidant indicators and vitamin D deficiency are associated with the disease. Due to the presence of receptors for this vitamin in the lung, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D administration on lung function, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and total serum antioxidant activity in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with asthma were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (placebo recipient) and an intervention group (recipient of 2,000 vitamin D capsules for 12 weeks). At the beginning and at the end of the study, 5 cc blood samples were taken from each patient, and spirometry test was performed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), IgE and vitamin D parameters were measured. Results: The mean score of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC in both groups as well as the mean FVC in the control group did not change significantly after the intervention. The mean FVC score, vitamin D level and TAC in the intervention group increased significantly after the intervention, while the IgE levels reduced significantly. Conclusion: Taking vitamin D tablets could increase the antioxidant parameters in asthmatic patients.

Introduction: Hypovitaminosis D and thyroid disorders are associated with negative consequences during pregnancy. Regarding to the importance and prevalence of these two and the limited and contradictory information on their relationship, the present study was performed aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and thyroid function tests in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 200 women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (to check vitamin D), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (to check thyroid function) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies (to check autoimmunity) were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 25) and Spearman's correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. P

Background and purpose: Melasma is a common skin pigmentation disorder that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and patches. Genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and pregnancy are known risk factors for melasma. Previous studies have suggested that thyroid disorders may be associated with melasma. Given the fact that vitamin D affects and stimulates the production of melanin by melanocytes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid disorders and serum level of vitamin D with melasma in female patients attending Qaemshahr Razi Hospital and Sari Bouali-Sina Hospital. Materials and methods: In this study, 80 people were divided into melasma group (n=40) and control group (n=40). They were matched for sex and age. Serum levels of TSH, Anti-TPO, T3, T4, and Vit D were measured in both groups. The standard mMASI score was used to measure the clinical severity of pigmentation in patients with melasma. Results: The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities and serum levels of vitamin D were seen in 50% and 47.5% of patients with melasma and 27.5% and 40% of the control group, respectively. Examination of thyroid hormone and vitamin D levels showed that T3 level was significantly higher in case group (P

Background & aim: Decreased bone density, especially in women, is a health risk factor; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a resistance training course with vitamin D supplementation on bone absorption markers in girls. Methods: The participants of the present semi experimental study were 24 non-athlete girls in Boroujerd (mean age 21.6 ± 2.04 years, mean height 155 ± 5.5 cm and average weight 64.13 64 4.9 kg) who participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into four groups of six (resistance training, vitamin D intake, resistance training with vitamin D intake and control group). Resistance training consisting of eight weeks (three one-hour sessions per week) was performed in accordance with the principle of overload. The participants were given Vitamin D supplementation for eight weeks (once a week) using vitamin D tablets (8 pearl IU50000) with 300 ml of water. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the beginning of the protocol and 48 hours after the end of the last session to measure the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. ANCOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: The results indicated that after eight weeks of resistance training, as well as eight weeks of resistance training with vitamin D, a significant increase in serum calcitonin concentration (p=0.001) and a decrease in serum parathyroid hormone concentration (p=0.001) Occurred. Conclusion: It seems that resistance activity and vitamin D consumption increases calcitonin and decreases Parathormone in sedentary girls, which probably has a positive effect on bone mass.

Background and Object: One of the most common nutritional problems around the world is the deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron and vitamin D. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of iron and vitamin D supplementation and the value of the clinical diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in high school girls in Gonabad. Materials and Methods: This research was a semi -experimental study and without control group study that conducted in 158 seventh grade high school girl students in Gonabad in 2016. The data collection tool in this study was a checklist that included two parts. The first part contained demographic variables and the second part included a student examination checklist that were filled by physicians. The data analysis was also performed through the Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. The significant level of the data in this study was less than 0.05. Results: The use of iron supplements significantly reduces iron deficiency and reduced iron deficiency anemia in female students (P=0.020). In this study, vitamin D supplementation was able to significantly reduce the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in students (P=0.040). Also, results showed that clinical examination has a negative news value, meaning that most of those who were diagnosed in a healthy clinical examination after blood tests also found that they were healthy and that they had no iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion: According to the results obtained by conducting a clinical examination and diagnosing healthy people, people do not need blood tests to determine the condition of iron deficiency anemia and can be prevented from wasting funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D as a fat-soluble vitamin is essential for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and normal skeletal growth and development. Furthermore, association of vitamin D with infectious and non-infectious diseases and malignancies has been shown in a large growing body of literature. However, limited reports about the status of vitamin D in domestic animals particularly in horses are available. In this study blood samples were collected from 160 horses in Yazd and 15 horses in Ardabil area. The sera were analyzed for vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and parathyroid hormone using standard methods. Serum vitamin D was significantly higher in age groups of 1-3 and 3-6 years, first, second and third parity, in Yazd in comparison with Ardabil area and female horses. Also, more than 4 hours of exposure to sunlight had a positive significant effect on blood vitamin D levels in horses. The horse color, breed and pregnancy were not significantly associated with vitamin D concentrations. In conclusion, altitude, gender, more than 4 hours sunlight exposure, parity and age are associated with vitamin D levels in horses, while color, breed and pregnancy had not any effect on this vitamin levels in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Evidence shows that vitamin D deficiency and obesity are associated with impaired physical and mental health. This study aims to investigate the effect of Pilates and vitamin D supplementation on quality of life and mental health of overweight men. Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Fifty overweight men were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into four groups of control, exercise, supplementation, and exercise+supplementation. The exercise and combined groups performed 8 weeks of Pilates at an intensity of 50-75% of heart rate reserve, three sessions per week. The supplementation and combined groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D capsule once per week. Assessment tools were the 36-item Short Form survey (SF-36) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed by paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P˂0.05 was statistically significant. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran (Code: IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088). Results Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal (

Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases that has macrovascular and microvascular complications including nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Electrolyte and vitamin D disorders have also been seen in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D, sodium and potassium with nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Method This case-control study was performed on 83 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Shahrivar Hospital in Mashhad in 2019 who were divided into two groups with nephropathy and no nephropathy. Fat, creatinine, FBS, HbA1c, GFR profiles were evaluated along with other demographic information. Serum level of vitamin D was measured by ELISA method and serum level of sodium and potassium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in all patients. IBM-SPSS v.20 software was used to analyze the findings and the significance level of the tests was less than 0.05. Results The mean age was 59.27±10.62 years which included 45 men and 38 women. Body mass index (P-value=0.009), Smoking (P-value=0.005), Duration of Diabetes, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Potassium, FBS, HbA1c, Creatinine, GFR were significantly different between the two groups. (Pvalue=0.0001 for each). Also, there was a significant relationship between serum vitamin D level (P-value=0.004) with the incidence and serum potassium level with the severity of nephropathy (P-value=0.001). Conclusion Control of serum levels of vitamin D and potassium can affect the incidence and severity of diabetic nephropathy, so control of these variables is recommended in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Vitamin D has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin D on Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone hormones and testicular tissue changes induced by methotrexate in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 230-260 g were divided into six groups (n=5). Control group: They received no extract or solvent, sham group: 1 ml of distilled water as a solvent, treatment group 1: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) (gavage), treatment group 2: vitamin D (1000 IU/kg), treatment group 3: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + vitamin D (500 IU/kg), and treatment group 4: methotrexate (5 mg/kg) + vitamin D (1000 IU/kg). After 28 days of treatment in the form of gavage, blood was taken directly from the heart to measure the serum concentration of LH, FSH, and testosterone hormones. The testes were removed and tissue changes were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18), one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: In the group receiving methotrexate, the level of testosterone hormone, the number of spermatogonia (P>0.001), spermatocytes (P>0.001), sperm (P>0.001) and Leydig cells (P>0.001) decreased and the serum level of LH (P>0.001) and FSH (P>0.001) increased significantly compared to the control and sham groups. In groups receiving methotrexate + vitamin D, vitamin D was able to compensate for the adverse effects caused by methotrexate. Conclusion: Our results showed that vitamin D could improve LH, FSH, testosterone hormones, and testicular tissue changes induced by methotrexate in adult male rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with a rising prevalence. Dietary factors, antioxidant indicators and vitamin D deficiency are associated with the disease. Due to the presence of receptors for this vitamin in the lung, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D administration on lung function, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and total serum antioxidant activity in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with asthma were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (placebo recipient) and an intervention group (recipient of 2,000 vitamin D capsules for 12 weeks). At the beginning and at the end of the study, 5 cc blood samples were taken from each patient, and spirometry test was performed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), IgE and vitamin D parameters were measured. Results: The mean score of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC in both groups as well as the mean FVC in the control group did not change significantly after the intervention. The mean FVC score, vitamin D level and TAC in the intervention group increased significantly after the intervention, while the IgE levels reduced significantly. Conclusion: Taking vitamin D tablets could increase the antioxidant parameters in asthmatic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Supplying vitamin D during pregnancy is necessary for fetal calcium homeostasis and bone growth and its mineralization, and its deficiency can lead to pregnancy complications. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D level on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 pregnant women referring to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Mothers' information was collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from people to measure the serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 level by ELISA method using the EUROIMMUN kit. Patients were divided into two groups (vitamin D level< 25 and vitamin D level> 25) and were compared. Findings: 247 people (54.8%) had vitamin D level< 25 and 203 people (44.8%) had vitamin D level> 25. People with lower vitamin D levels had significantly more gestational hypertension (p=0.03) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (p=0.04) compared to people with higher vitamin D levels. The variables of labor pain, diabetes, fetal growth restriction and prolonged pregnancy did not show significant differences in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. Pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, placental abruption and fetal growth restriction did not show any significant difference in people with high and low levels of vitamin D. In the evaluation of neonatal outcomes, infant weight, infant gender, fifth minute Apgar, head circumference and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, no significant differences were found. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that some pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in pregnant women are related to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design plans to check the vitamin D level of mothers before pregnancy and correct it during pregnancy.

Background and Objective: Sedentary life and vitamin D deficiency are considered as related factors to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in obese individuals. This study was performed to determine the effect of Pilates training with vitamin D supplement on Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in overweight men. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 56 overweight men were randomly assigned to control, Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups. The Pilates training was performed for 8 weeks with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3sessions/week. The vitamin D and combination groups received 50,000 units of vitamin D per week. The levels of MCP1 and SOD activity were in the first and 8 weeks after interventions. Results: Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal level. MCP-1 level in Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups significantly reduced and SOD activity increased after 8 weeks (P

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common problem in pregnancy and about 1-20% of pregnant women have GDM. Therefore, it is significantly importance to prevent and treat GDM. Numerous researchers have explored the possible risk factors of GDM. Vitamin D deficiency is one of these risk factors that has ambiguous results, therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 2017-2018 on pregnant women aged 15-40 years with inclusion criteria who referred to health services centers in Mashhad in first trimester of pregnancy for prenatal care. Data related to age and BMI was recorded. Then, 5 cc of blood was taken from all participants to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. All participants underwent the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. P

Introduction: The association of maternal vitamin D status with preterm labor has been considered in the recent decade, although reported findings have been inconsistent. This study was performed aimed to compare serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels between women with idiopathic preterm labor and women with term labor. Methods: This case-control study was performed in 2020 on 60 women aged 18-35 years who had referred to Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnourd for delivery. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined in 30 women with idiopathic preterm delivery with gestational age of 28 to 37 weeks (case group) and 30 women with term delivery (control group) by sandwich ELISA. Patients' information including demographic information, clinical status and pregnancy history were collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software (version 16) and Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient test. P

Introduction: Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy are the cause of many psychological disorders including depression. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and common complications of pregnancy with the incidence of postpartum depression in mothers. Methods: The present study is a prospective cohort that was performed in two stages on 300 pregnant women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. The sample selection method was done in several steps using demographic characteristics questionnaire, Sherborne and Stewart social support questionnaire and Edinburgh depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square. A p value of less than 0.5 was considered significant. Results: The results of the study showed that gestational complications such as urinary tract infection (P = 0.139), diabetes (P = 0.587) and gestational hypertension (P = 0.080) were not significantly associated with postpartum depression. There is also no significant relationship between vitamin D levels during pregnancy in people with postpartum depression and non-patients. (P> 0/05). Also, low level of social support was associated with a 3.2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum depression (P = 0.001) Conclusion: Postpartum depression is associated with devastating consequences for both mother and fetus. Therefore, pregnant women, especially those with risk factors and a history of postpartum depression, should be supported by various sources and at the head of the family.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in the world and is prevalent in Muslim countries despite sufficient sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency disrupts mitochondrial function and enhances oxidative stress and leads to common diseases such as metabolic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress factors in students. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial. University students were randomly divided into two groups of control and treatment with a sample size of 26 and 25 in each group, respectively. Students received two pearls of 50,000 unit vitamin D or placebo at time zero and after 4 weeks. Before the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks, oxidative stress biomarkers including the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and lipid peroxidation were measured in the blood samples. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and placebo in the mean of vitamin D, but after the administration of vitamin D, this difference became significant. Vitamin D significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (P=0.019) and decreased the lipid peroxidation (P=0.004) compared with the placebo group. Conclusion: The results of this study show the effect of monthly administration of 50,000 units of vitamin D on reducing oxidative stress in students.

Background and purpose: Melasma is a common skin pigmentation disorder that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and patches. Genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and pregnancy are known risk factors for melasma. Previous studies have suggested that thyroid disorders may be associated with melasma. Given the fact that vitamin D affects and stimulates the production of melanin by melanocytes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid disorders and serum level of vitamin D with melasma in female patients attending Qaemshahr Razi Hospital and Sari Bouali-Sina Hospital. Materials and methods: In this study, 80 people were divided into melasma group (n=40) and control group (n=40). They were matched for sex and age. Serum levels of TSH, Anti-TPO, T3, T4, and Vit D were measured in both groups. The standard mMASI score was used to measure the clinical severity of pigmentation in patients with melasma. Results: The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities and serum levels of vitamin D were seen in 50% and 47.5% of patients with melasma and 27.5% and 40% of the control group, respectively. Examination of thyroid hormone and vitamin D levels showed that T3 level was significantly higher in case group (P<0.05). Investigating the relationship between thyroid hormones, vitamin D and age with mMASI Score showed a relationship only between Anti-TPO and mMASI Score (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid autoimmune disorders are associated with melasma and severity of pigmentation. Centrofacial form of melasma is also the most common clinical form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in lactating women and the importance of self-care of these mothers to ensure adequate concentration of vitamin D, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation with self-care on its serum level in lactating mothers. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 70 lactating mothers with serum vitamin D deficiency (D3

Background and Objective: Vitamin D increases muscle strength through protein synthesis and myogenesis and may play an important role in anaerobic and aerobic activities. This study was done to determine the vitamin D status and its relationship with physical function indexes in young Taekwondo athletes. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 75 young male Taekwondo athletes, aged 18-23 years that were selected using randomized sampling method. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was measured by ELISA method. The 20-meter shuttle run, running based anaerobic sprint (RAST), vertical jump, 36-meter sprint and Illinois agility tests were used to determine aerobic and anaerobic capacities, explosive anaerobic power of the lower limbs, speed and agility, respectively. Body mass index and percent body fat was measured for each subject. Level below 20, 20-30 and more than 30 ng/ml of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were considered as vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and normal status, respectively. Results: The results showed that 48% (36 athletes) and 42.66% (32 athletes) of taekwondo athletes had deficient and insufficiency levels of vitamin D, respectively. Also, a significant correlation was detected between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and aerobic power (r=0.897), anaerobic power (r=0.901), vertical jump performance (r=0.855), fatigue index (r=-0.838), agility (r=-0.634) and 36 meters sprint (r=-0.793) times (P

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent in patients with low back pain, while vitamin D deficiency links to chronic musculoskeletal pain and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of vitamin D with core stabilization exercise on lipid status in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in women with chronic low back pain. First, 48 patients were selected using the availability sampling method, and then they were randomly divided into four groups: control, exercise, vitamin D, and exercise + vitamin D (combined). Exercise and combination groups performed eight weeks of core stabilization exercises with different levels of Vitamin D, and combined groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D per week. Serum markers of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol-HDL were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis tests with a significant level of less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that 74.26% and 25.64% of the patients had deficiency and insufficient vitamin D, respectively. Also, eight weeks of research interventions were associated with a significant reduction in triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol. In addition, the effect of the combined intervention was more significant in reducing triglycerides and cholesterol than exercise intervention and in lowering LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol compared to the other two interventions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems exercise training, vitamin D intake, and a combination of these non-pharmacological interventions can improve lipid status in patients with chronic low back pain, but combination therapy is more effective.

Background and Aim: Growing evidence, shows that vitamin D deficiency and weight gain are associated with impaired physical and mental well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates training and vitamin D supplementation on quality of life and mental health of overweight men. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial performed by pre-test and post-test design. Initially, 50 overweight men were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into 4 groups including control, exercise, vitamin D and combined groups. The exercise and combined groups performed 8 weeks of Pilates training with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3sessions/week. The vitamin D and combined groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D/week. Research tools were included the quality of life (SF-36) and general health (GHQ) questionnaires. The data were analyzed by paired t test, one way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests (p˂0.05). Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran Findings: Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal (less than 30 ng/ml). Eight weeks of Pilates training, vitamin D intake and the combined intervention were associated with a significant improve in quality of life )10.57%, 9.26% and 15.75%, respectively( and the increased mental health (12.66%, 10.72% and 17.90%, respectively). However, the effect of combined intervention focused method was more noticeable on the quality of life (p<0.001) and mental health (p<0.001) compared with two other interventions. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that any of the Pilates training, vitamin D and combination interventions can improve the quality of life and mental health in overweight people with low levels of vitamin D, but the combination intervention is more effective on these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tic disturbances are a group of developmental neurological disorders that often occur in childhood because of abrupt and automatic constrictions of muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with a tic disorders. Methods: This present case-control research was performed on 63 children with tic disorders and 63 children who were healthy and were referred to Besat clinics in Kerman, Iran from October 2019 to October 2020. The clinical information of patients with tic disorders was collected using a questionnaire. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D3 levels were assessed in patients with tic disturbances after identifying tic disorder. Results: In the group of children with tic disorders, the highest number of patients were girls and in the group of children who were healthy, the highest number of patients were girls. The average age of patients in the case group was 10.37±0.31 years old and the average age of patients in the control group was 10.06±0.41 years old. The average age difference between the children with tic disorders and healthy children was not statistically significant (P=0.971). The average body mass index (BMI) in the case group was 16.98±0.35 and the average BMI in the control group was 16.0±84.56. The average body mass index difference between the children with tic and healthy children was not statistically significant (P=0.838). The mean serum Vit 25(OH) D3 levels in the control group were higher than the average serum level of vitamin D in the case group. The mean serum vitamin D level difference between the children with tic disorders and healthy children was statistically considerable (P=0.036). Conclusion: The results showed that the average serum level of vitamin D in children with tic disorders was significantly lower than in children who were healthy. To investigate and confirm this relationship, more long-term studies with a larger number of patients are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Sedentary life and vitamin D deficiency are considered as related factors to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in obese individuals. This study was performed to determine the effect of Pilates training with vitamin D supplement on Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in overweight men. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 56 overweight men were randomly assigned to control, Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups. The Pilates training was performed for 8 weeks with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3sessions/week. The vitamin D and combination groups received 50,000 units of vitamin D per week. The levels of MCP1 and SOD activity were in the first and 8 weeks after interventions. Results: Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal level. MCP-1 level in Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups significantly reduced and SOD activity increased after 8 weeks (P<0.05), but the combined intervention had a stronger effect on the modulation of MCP-1 level and SOD activity compared to the other two interventional groups (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of Pilates exercises on increasing SOD activity was more than vitamin D intake (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that Pilates training and Vitamin D intake can be exert their protective effects in overweight individuals with abnormal vitamin D status by an increase on the SOD activity and decreasing the inflammatory index of MCP-1. Although these effects developed with combined intervention, Pilate training was associated with greater increases in antioxidant levels than vitamin D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Seborrheic dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases that affect the sebaceous glands. Although the exact role of vitamin D in this disease is still not clearly understood, some studies have shown lower serum levels of vitamin D in seborrheic dermatitis patients. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and seborrheic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. The study sample included 39 seborrheic dermatitis patients (case group) and 39 healthy individuals (control group) who were matched in terms of gender and age. The groups were then compared regarding serum vitamin D level. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16.0; SPSS Inc.Chicago, IL). Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, educational level, place of residence, and occupational status. The mean serum levels of vitamin D in the case and control groups were 11.82±5.56 and 21.38±6.79ng/ml, respectively (P=0.001). Furthermore, in the case and control groups, 18 (46.2%) and 1 (2.6%) individuals had vitamin D deficiency; 20 (51.3%) and 34 (87.2%) cases had inadequate vitamin D levels; and 1(2.6%) and 4 (10.3%) subjects had adequate levels of vitamin D, respectively. Therefore, the serum level of vitamin D was significantly lower in the case group, compared to the control group (P=0.001). Moreover, the serum level of vitamin D did not correlate with the duration and severity of seborrheic dermatitis disease (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, patients with seborrheic dermatitis had lower serum vitamin D levels, compared to the general population, which may be related to the pathogenicity of the disease.

Background and Objective: Suicide occurs due to a variety of causes, from heredity and biological factors to environmental factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D, ferritin, and hemoglobin in patients with attempted suicide referring to hospitals and compare them with the control group. Materials and Methods: A comparison was made between the serum levels of vitamin D, ferritin, and hemoglobin of 60 suicidal patients referring to Ali ibn Abitaleb hospital of Rafsanjan from March to september 2020 and those of 60 relatives of selected patients with no history of suicide. The control group completed the Beck Suicide Thought Questionnaire (BSTQ). Chi-square, ANOVA, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The serum level of vitamin D in Patient with attempted suicide was lower, compared to that in controls (P=0.025). Among the age group of 15-35 years, serum levels of vitamin D were lower than those in the control group (P=0.039). Moreover, serum ferritin level in the attempted suicide group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.003). Serum ferritin level was significantly lower among the suidide attempters aged 15-15 years (P= 0.003), men with attempted suicide (P= 0.003) and suicidal women (P= 0.045), as compared to the control group. Conclusion: As demonstratedd by the results of the present study, vitamin D deficiency and anemia can be two major risk factors for suicide. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and treat these deficiencies in people with psychological disorders, such as depression.

Background and purpose: Bone fusion is a dynamic process and availability of calcium and balance of vitamin D can be effective in post spinal cord fusion. There are contradictory results on this issue, so, we decided to compare the effect of administration of vitamin D and alendronate on lumbosacral vertebral fusion in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery. Materials and methods: A single-blind clinical trial was carried out in 75 patients. Patients were divided into three groups (n=25 per group) using block randomization: Alendronate group who received 70 mg oral alendronate every two weeks, Vitamin D group to receive vitamin D 50,000 units per month for six months, and control group who received routine treatment after the surgery. After six months, the patients underwent CT scan of the lumbar region for clinical assessment of lumbar fusion. Pain intensity was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), one and six months after the surgery. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V16. Results: Before surgery, pain intensity was higher in vitamin D group (6.36 ± 1.3) than the controls and alendronate group (P

Introduction: Spontaneous abortion is one of the common complications of pregnancy that its etiology is unknown. Since vitamin D deficiency may be one of its causes, this systematic review was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and abortion. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the literature published from 1990 until the end of 2019 were searched in databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, IranMedex with the keywords of Vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Pregnancy loss, fetal loss, miscarriage and abortion and the equivalent Persian keywords. The quality of the papers was examined using Ottawa checklist, and STATA software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Among 311 papers found in the first stage, finally 5 papers (5203 individuals) met the study criteria. In terms of methodological quality, all of the included articles were of average level. The findings of the studies included in the meta-analysis showed that there is a relationship between low levels of vitamin D and abortion (Effect size: 0.02; 95% Confidence Interval: -0.02 to 0.06). Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis suggested a relationship between serum level of vitamin D and abortion; thus, it can be concluded that low levels of vitamin D are considered as a risk factor for abortion.