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It is almost an interesting and instructing issue to research how Iranians thought about the space from the very beginning till today and how did they organize them. Did they discover the great secrets of the universe creation by creating gardens and experiencing their routines....... or, On the contrary, based on current secrets found in the sub-lime universe and based on hidden blessings in the light essence which the creator had bestowed upon them, they tried to preserve what God has blessed for the future generation in making gardens and its spatial organization. In our opinion, freedom in interpretation of Iranian garden and introduc-ing it as the product that is trying to lead the users to the ideal mentality and a better socio-human atmosphere is not sufficiently investigated and this hypothesis is in need of research; this paper aims to research this issue. In order to achieve a new landscape of Iranian garden, this land-scape will be discussed in Interconnected and interdependent aspects of "form", "matter" and "meaning" to offer new ideas to the readers. Firstly, we can accept the Iranian garden as a procedure which has oc-curred in Iranian lands due to its material essence and later became the subject of interesting and controversial researches and adorations and assessments. Matter is firstly assessed and acknowledged, then deter-mined and defined by the architect in various scales based on its poten-tials prior to being brought to the formal and semantic world. Therefore, this research requires knowledge of Iranian garden. Form shaping in Iranians garden can be known as a bridge connecting the two worlds of matter and meaning. In Persian literature and also in single notes written about Iranian gardens in other languages, some theo-ries are observed in which the role of garden and Chahar Bagh is affiliated to a universal order. An attempt to provide an insight that relates the pres-ence of water, tree and soil that connects the "other world" and the "living world" is quite obvious. Since this literature dose not emphasize on the existence of four directions in the world, our Chahar Bagh(four Gardens) can be interpreted in ontological aspect. As the thought develops due to assessment and order, the physical space should also be recognized by the order: the order in research scale; the order in transition of a material to a building element; the order in reading spaces created of combined volumes. This space introduces a landscape that connects the earth to sky and the ground to the roof. The truth is that we cannot understand the Iranian garden out of the two connected and interrelated spaces: land space and time space. These two spaces which cannot be defined individually cannot interpret the Ira-nian garden singularly. The land space depends on the nature and its regulations such as water providing, views, colors, shadows, effect, shel-ter and etc. Every Iranian garden inside or outside of the city is an indigenous trea-sure. Indigenous wealth, considered in any sense, does not mean any-thing without the concept of time. The Iranian garden is closely related to the issue of time - which has an economic aspect necessarily despite the love, joy and meaningful achieved feelings that are offered. I would like to remind that every Iranian garden inside or outside of the city, despite their property ownerships, in their essence, belong to the generations that have long lived in the land of gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here existed Tehran and its gar-dens; there were many gardens in Tehran at the period of Ghajar dynasty which was de-signed by original pattern of Persian garden. North highland of old Tehran was full of Per-sian gardens built by noblesse of Ghajar; but those gardens destroyed due to city growth and development. One of these gardens is the Mostoufi garden in region 3 of the Great Teh-ran (Vank village of old Tehran). At the present time, this garden is named Vanak with an ap-propriate planting used as public green space. Mostoufi garden of Tehran was one of the larg-est gardens of the Ghajar dynasty in which the old buttonwood trees are only worthiness of garden. Due to garden demolition and performance and lack of suitable pattern of Persian garden in Tehran, authorities have decided to repro-duce Vanak garden by presenting features of Persian garden and perform the original prop-erty of Iranian gardens at transnational scales. This paper recounts the history of Mostoufi garden, problems of design and construction; and influence of Persian garden property in various part of Vanak garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sense of place is a factor that transforms the space into a place with special behavioral and emotional characteristics for people. This sense can lead to pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the sense of place of local people and tourists in Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram and its relation to their pro-environmental behaviors. The research population of the study consisted of local people who were located at least 20 km from the garden and tourists who visited the Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram. The sample of the study included 96 local people and 96 tourists who visited the garden during the period of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was obtained by performing a single study and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for all seven different sense levels (0.80 to 0.90), indicating the desired reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that both local people (3.93) and tourists (3.61) are at a desirable level in terms of sense of place and pro-environmental behavior. The results of comparing the means between the two groups of tourists and hosts also indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of place sense. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in pro-environmental behavior. The results showed that there was no correlation between pro-environmental behavior and the sense of place of the two target groups. Finally considering the results of the study, some suggestions have been provided to improve the condition of the garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]