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Idealism as a motivating factor can pave the way for the development of human societies, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of idealism on rural development in the Sistan region. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. Documentary and survey methods were used to collect information. The sample size per village unit was determined using the Sharp correction formula of 40 villages. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size for the head of the household unit was 381. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts on the subject, and the reliability coefficient was 0/856. Spearman correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and taxonomic methods were used to investigate the effects of rural idealism on rural development. The results of the taxonomy of development by leveling rural idealism showed that the highest number in both levels is in the middle group. The results of the evaluation of idealism showed that Jalehie village in Zabol city (124/08) had the highest and Kang Emamdad village in Hirmand city (66/33) had the lowest level of idealism. Also Karbasak village from Zabol city (3/66) had the highest and Akondzad village of Hirmand city (1/86) had the lowest level of rural development and the overall result of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between idealism and the level of rural development in the villages of Sistan region (with sig 0/000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, integrated production and batch delivery scheduling problem for make to order production system and one customer in supply chain has been addressed. One manufacture received n orders from one customer. Orders must be processed by single machine and sent in batches to customer. Sending several jobs as a batch leads to less transportation cost but may increase the cost of tardiness jobs. The objective is determining the production and delivery scheduling so that the related costs is minimized. The problem is strongly NP-hard. In this paper, one new math programming model including Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model, Ant Colony System (ACS) and Elastic Ant System (EAS) are presented for solving it. In order to evaluate the efficiency of these two methods computational tests based on full factorial experimental design has been conducted. Computational test is performed for evaluation of these methods. The obtained results show that the heuristic algorithm is efficient which has been verified by using. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The results showed that the ACS is the most efficient method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with microbial etiology; furthermore Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, considering Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can lead to candidiasis infection; The aim of this study is to comparing the average number of colonies of candida albicans in gingival sulcus fluid in diabetic and non-diabetic patient with chronic periodontitis. Materials & Methods: This case control study included 60 patient aged 40-60 years that leave in 4 group composed 15 individuals each group: healthy subjects, diabetic without periodontitis, non-diabetic with periodontitis and diabetic with periodontitis patients. Samples were acquired using sterile paper points from gingival sulcus and centrifuged, then cultured on chrome agar medium and incubated. Number of colonies were counted and analyzed with ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: Counting number of colonies in different groups showed, in healthy subjects, 33.3 percent with mean 4.2 colonies and in diabetic patients without periodontitis, 66 percent with mean 13 colonies of candida albicans were grew; whereas other two groups presented candida albicans in all samples and the highest mean of colonies was found in diabetic with chronic periodontitis and non-diabetic with chronic periodontitis, 80.5 and 37.8 respectively. The average number of colonies of candida albicans was Statistical difference between groups (p value <0.001). Conclusion: The result of this present study showed that accompaniment periodontitis and diabetes can doubled influence in increase average number of colonies of candida albicans in gingival crevicular fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dimensional stability of alginate impression materials is affected by several factors such as storage time, storage conditions and type of the impression material. This study was conducted to assess the effect of storage time on dimensional stability of two different alginates: Tropicalgin and Chromogel. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, impressions were made of a master model with four metal cones on the occlusal surfaces of lower first premolars and third molars on both sides (teeth #1, #5, #12 and #16). The Impressions were divided into five groups in terms of the storage time in wet paper towels within a closed plastic bag before pouring the casts (15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 24 h). For each group, 20 impressions and a total of 100 impressions were made. The impressions were poured with type III stone (Parsdental, Iran). Six dimensions (D1 to D6) between 4 cones were considered as the gold standard in order to compare with the same dimensions on the stone casts. Distances were measured by a digital caliper and data were statistically analyzed by MANOVA and one-sample t-test. Results: Dimensional changes increased over time for both alginates except for one sample (Tropicalgin at 30-min interval for D1, p value = 0.4). There were significant differences between the two materials at all the time intervals except for the first fifteen minutes. Dimensional changes were within the clinically acceptable limits (a change of 1.5% relative to the master model) up to 120 min for both alginates. Conclusion: The dimensional stability of Tropicalgin and Chromogel alginate impression materials was affected by storage time before pouring in stone and the material type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIL-101(Cr) stands as one of the extensively researched chromium-based metal-organic frameworks, comprised of chromium metal ions and terephthalic acid ligands. This study introduces an innovative approach to MIL-101(Cr) synthesis by employing ultrasound (UTS) irradiation. Our primary objective revolved around optimizing key operational parameters, namely time and temperature, using the central composite design method. Subsequently, we conducted an in-depth analysis using variance analysis to understand their respective impacts. To predict process behaviour, we developed quadratic equations under varying conditions, achieving a remarkable R2 value of 0.9998 to relate parameters and synthesis yield. Results revealed a more pronounced influence of time variation compared to temperature on the synthesis process. Moreover, we subjected the synthesized MIL-101(Cr) to rigorous characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and N2 physisorption techniques. Our findings showcased the synthesized MIL-101(Cr) possessing exceptional characteristics, including an ultra-high specific surface area (2143 m2. g-1), substantial pore size (0.8 cm3.g-1), and excellent thermal, chemical, and water stability. Further examination indicated the presence of microporous windows, mesoporous cages, and uniform octahedral particles ranging in size between 125-260 nm. Notably, our study emphasized the energy efficiency of UTS irradiation over conventional electric (CE) heating, highlighting its potential as a quicker, more efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: To evaluate the effect of polishing on surface roughness of silorane-based composite using profilometery and Scanning Election Microscopy (SEM) and compare it with that of a methylmethacrylatebased composite and a glass ionomer. Materials and Methods: In this study, 3 groups (n=28) were tested: specimens of two composites (Filtek P90 and Filtek P60) and a glass ionomer (Fuji IX) which were prepared in polyethylene molds (4 mm diameter×10 mm height). Half of the specimens in each group were finished with 180-grit silicon carbide paper and the remaining were finished with 180-grit, and subsequently polished with 250, 400, 800, 1000, 2000, and 2500-grit silicon carbide papers. The surface roughness was evaluated using a contact profilometer and then mean (Ra) and maximum (Rmax) of surface roughness were recorded. Then, the surface of 4 specimens of each subgroup was observed under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with T-test, ANOVA and Dunnett T3 tests. Results: In all materials, Ra was different between polishing with 180 and 2500-grit silicon carbide papers. In 180-grit group, only Ra of Filtek P60 and Fuji IX showed significant difference (P=0.01). In 2500-grit group, there was no significant difference between the Ra of Filtek P60 and Filtek P90 (P=0.56). Conclusion: Polishing is recommended for the glass ionomer and posterior composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: IL-6 and IL-8 have an important role in orthodontic tooth movement and creation of periodontal diseases. Laser therapy in orthodontics has effect on decrease pain and increase regeneration of bone, acceleration of tooth movement and decrease inflammation in periodontoal tissues. The aim of this study, determination the effect of low laser therapy on GCF level of IL-6 and IL-8 during orthodontics treatments. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial study, we chose 10 patients with crowding or protrusion, that they need fix orthodontic treatment with extract of two premolars in each side and then retract the anterior teeth. After complete SRP, the orthodontic treatments started. After clinical examination such as CAL, PD and BOP the teeth in one quadrant selected case groups and the other quadrant selected control groups. Low Level laser irradiation done in 0,2,7, 21 days and collection of GCF is done in 2,4,9, 23 days with paper cone in distal sulcus of canine for 30 second. Then all of the samples transferred to laboratory and then t-test ANOVA and LSD test done. Results: The average of changes in IL-6 and IL-8 in GCF at the 21 day after laser irradiation had a significant difference but in the other days we didn’t have a significant difference. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy at orthodontics treatment causes of decrease the inflammation and decrease the IL-6 and IL-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, which is usually caused by the most common premalignant lesion of oral leukoplakia (OL). For changes of dysplasia and malignancy, the level of antioxidants in the blood and tissue of patients changes significantly, which may be effective in early diagnosis of malignancies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) in the blood of patients with OSCC and OL. Material & Methods: This study is a case-control study and was conducted on 75 blood samples of patients with OSCC and OL referred to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam. Enzymatic antioxidants [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamin E) were evaluated in the blood of patients. The data obtained from this study were evaluated by ANOVA test and the significance level (P<0.5) was considered. Results: The results showed that the mean age in the HC group was similar in both sexes, while in the OL group, the age of women was 4 years younger, and in the OSCC group, the age of women was 2 years older than men. CAT, as an antioxidant indicator, significantly increased in the OL group compared to the HC group and OSCC group (P < 0.000). Also, CAT and SOD activity in OSCC serum samples significantly decreased compared to the HC group (P < 0.000). GPx also showed a significant decrease in both OL and OSCC groups compared to the HC group (P < 0.000). The results related to the non-enzymatic antioxidant factors, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and ascorbic acid, significantly decreased in both OL and OSCC groups compared to the HC group (beta-carotene (P < 0.000), vitamin E (P < 0.000), and ascorbic acid (P < 0.000)). Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study show that the level of enzymatic antioxidants and beta-carotene in is not related to the degree of dysplasia of oral leukoplakia, therefore, it is not possible to predict the probability of occurrence of malignant oral lesions based on the measurement of the level of antioxidants in patients with OL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Elderly is a process that is genetically visible during the life of living things and decreases in the organism over time, which reduces the activities of the organs of the body. Although it is not an aging disease and most of the elderly can be seen in other age groups, the elderly process is facilitating physical diseases, including cancer. The formation of tumors becomes. These cells grow very rapidly and usually cause severe pain by pressing on healthy tissues and nerve fibers, blocking fluid flow in the body, and disrupting the activity of the organs. Method The present semi-experimental research design was used with a pre-testthen- test with the control group. The research community is all the 60 to 75- year-olds residing in Tehran in 2021 who have been diagnosed with Stage 1 and Stage 2 cancer, of which 30 elderly women were referred to medical centers for treatment. The semi-trial design was used to determine the effectiveness of the emotion therapy. The pre-test was first implemented and then accidentally performed in one of the two experimental groups of excitement treatment, and the control group received no training and was implemented at the end of the post-test training. Research Criteria: Over 60 years old, getting a cancer diagnosis, mental consciousness, lack of participation in another therapeutic program, wanting to cooperate, elderly with cancer, tendency to attend intervention, and exit criterion unwilling to participate in intervention. The selected sample was accessible through random selection into two groups of tests and certificates. The emotionbased treatment package was developed and presented in the format of 10 sessions, each 90 minutes long, and content validity was used to validate it. The research tool was the questionnaire on psychological adaptation to cancer by Watson et al. (1988). Coronbach's alpha was used for data analysis using conventional descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measurement variance analysis). Results The results of the study showed that the emotional intervention package was able to significantly increase mental compatibility with cancer. In addition, the excitement intervention package was followed up after the posttest execution, and the results showed that there was no tangible post-test change after two months (p < 0.001). Discussion Therefore, excitement-based treatment with recovery experiences and changing the meaningful meanings of any experience has a corrective training for stabilized emotional strategies that enhance the use of efficient and positive strategies and better adaptation to the disease by breaking the inefficient strategy and better adaptation to the disease. Since this study was conducted on older women with cancer in Tehran, it is recommended that other cultural and gender groups be aware of the generalization of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citing national publications is considered as a qualitative measure for science localization in the current research. Consequently, the aim is to study this metric within the corpus of Iranian Scholar Journals in Social Science Domain between 2002 and 2010. The research uses citation analysis method. The references of six social science scholar journals were extracted from the papers and then divided into two groups of national and foreign publications. The studied journals were those which were regularly published in Iran between 2002 and 2010. The analysis was performed on a sample of 543 papers out of 1528 ones. The sampling method was based on the Cochran's function. An ANOVA test showed that the average number of citing to national publications is statistically unchanged in the journals' papers during the period mentioned above. On the other hand, the same average for foreign publications is growing. The correlation analysis determined that this growth follows a logarithmic function. The other finding concerns the differences between the average numbers of citing to the national publications in the studied journals. A one way ANOVA test revealed a difference between the journals from this point of view. Based on the Tukey's Range Test the results of ANOVA test is affected by the "Journal of Women Strategic Studies". It means, if this journal was omitted from the analysis, the rest five ones would statistically have the same rate of citing to the national publications. The citing rate to national publications ranges between 0.31 and 0.39 except for the journal mentioned above. Based on this metric, the tendency toward the use of national publications in the social science domain is constant despite the growing number of scientific productions in Iran. This means that the Iranian social science domain not only doesn't tend to localization of science, but its use of foreign science is growing in the span of time as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Different shoe weights affect walking mechanics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sport shoe weight on lower extremity muscle activities in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during walking. It was hypothesized that reduced shoe weight results in decreased frequency content of selected muscles during walking. Methods. Twenty healthy males and athletes with ACL reconstruction volunteered and gave their written informed consent to participate in this study. Participants were male and physically active. Each participant performed three walking trials in each of the light (mass per shoe: 150 ± 18 g), medium (300 ± 18 g), and heavy (450 ± 18 g) conditions in a randomized order and electromyography were analyzed during walking. Results. EMG results showed that the increase in shoe weight was directly related to the increase in electrical activity of the muscles, but only in the swing phase was the electrical activity of the TA muscle decreased. Conclusion. Different shoe weights affect the electrical activity of the muscles and the walking speed. Therefore, lighter weight shoes are recommended for patients with ACL. Practical Implications. The results of this study show that light shoes are useful for patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and the use of lightweight shoes is recommended for people with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emerging of Internet, banks have gone through the traditional process and have reached the stage of modern banking in their career. Following this transition, banks became familiar with self-service technologies. Using self-service technologies has provided advantages such as speed and unlimited access to banking services. Despite these benefits, some people still use traditional banking. Many studies have examined the factors influencing the use of technology-based banking. These studies have examined such issues as the demographic characteristics of user/ none-user (such as gender, age, education level, perceived ease of use and usefulness). The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavior of users and non-users of self-service technologies in banking services. For that purpose seven types of behavior will be examined. To complete this research, 480 questionnaires was distributed between the customers of Parsian bank in Ahwaz; of which 397 questionnaires were collected. The research method is an applied research in terms of aim and in terms of method is descriptive. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The research results showed that five (word-of-mouth intention, repurchase intention, satisfaction, propensity to change banks and time sensitivity) between user and none-user is not same. But about other types of behaviors (price sensitivity and complaint behavior) the results do not show a significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to assess the outcomes of critical appraisal method beside lecturing versus lecturing method regarding theoretical sections among the student of msc of nutritional science. methods: This semi-experimental study was undertaken on 8 students of nutritional science in two semesters during 2009-2010. Some sections were taught via using critique of original articles, but others were taught using exclusive lecturing method. We assessed student's Knowledge by using a written examination, attitude via a 5 item-questionnaire and Skill via writing a review paper. SPSS software was used to analysis of data and student t test was used to compare the scores in two sections. Results: The mean of knowledge, attitude and skill grades in post-test were significantly higher in the critical appraisal sections (18.1±4.2 vs 15.9± 3.5; P=0.03, 4.0±3.5 vs 1.0±0.2; P=0.02 and 18.5±2.5 vs 15.0±3.5; P=0.04, respectively). Conclusion: teaching the theoretical sections beside criticizing of papers improves the knowledge, attitude and skill grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The walnut wood is one of the most important wood in Europe, Asia and Iran, which is used in various industries such as furniture, veneer, and construction due to its high resistance and texture. In this research, walnut trees from two different geographic locations, one from the forests in the north of Iran (Noor) and the other in the west of Iran (Shahrkord), were selected. The physical properties including dry density, basic density, shrinkage, and mechanical properties including bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain, shear, tensile parallel and perpendicular to the grain, tangential and radial screw withdrawal strength and toughness were measured using standard procedures as define in ISI3129 and ASTM D143-14. The moisture content of all samples during mechanical tests was 12%. The average dry density of Noor and Shahrekord walnuts was 0.61 and 0.57 (g/cm3 ) respectively. The results of variance analysis showed that the characteristics and physical properties of these two species were not significantly different except for dry density, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkages. However, due to the higher density of Noor species, it showed higher mechanical strength compared to the Shahrekord species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the facts surrounding a person are interpreted as abnormal. The treatment aims to reduce symptoms and the possibility of disease recurrence. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spironolactone on schizophrenia symptoms. Method: In this double-blind analytical and clinical study, 44 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study was carried out in Quds Hospital and centers for psychiatric patients in Sanandaj city in 2019 and 2020. The number of patients decreased to 32 due to drug side effects and unwillingness to continue treatment. The instrument used was the scale test of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Datum were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-tests by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that out of 44 patients studied, 37 (84.1%) were men and 7 (15.9%) were women. The imbalance was due to the small sample size. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex distribution, literacy level, marital status, employment history, and background medication use (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of reducing negative symptoms (P=0.666), positive symptoms (P=0.748) and general symptoms (P=0.342). Conclusion: According to the finding, spironolactone has no significant effect on reducing negative, positive, and general symptoms. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies using this drug (by removing the limitations of this study) and other drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid cysts, which are distributed worldwide. Nowadays, much research is being done to inactivate hydatid cyst protoscoleces. This study was conducted with the aim to compare the scolicidal effect of two chemical compounds 12 and 2 on hydatid cyst protoscoleces in vitro. Material & Methods: The scolicidal activity of two amini-hydrox-phenylcoumarin and amini-bromo-phenylcoumarin at concentrations of 1.2, 1.5, 1.10 and 1.100 after 15, 30 and 60 minutes of incubation was tested separately and each of the experiments was repeated three times. The viability of protoscoleces was checked with 0.1% eosin dye under a light microscope. Subsequently data were analyzed using GraphPad version 5 software and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and values (P > 0.05) was considered a significant level. Findings: The results of this study showed that the chemical compound aminibromophenylcoumarin at a concentration of 1.10 destroyed 100% of protoscoleces after 60 minutes of exposure compared to the control group, but amini-hydroxophenylcoumarin, at a concentration of 1.100 could destroy 98% of protoscolecia after 60 minutes of exposure. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that aminibromophenylcoumarin had stronger protoscolicidal effects than aminihydroxophenyl-coumarin. However, further studies and in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these chemical compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Sexual function is an important part of menopausal women's lives, and changes in it, especially during menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. Among them, 45 were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15, and control group using randomly assigned block allocation method. Therapeutic sessions were held in 8 sessions and each session was held for 2 hours. Data were collected by FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) and were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures analysis via SPSS software, version 24. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ZUMS.REC.1398.328). Results In the post-test and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between both CBT and ACT methods compared to the control group in sexual function respectively (P<0.05, F=17.857), (P<0.05, F=12.115). That is, treatment with CBT and ACT improved the sexual function of postmenopausal women, which had a lasting effect for three months, and there was no significant difference between the groups involved in sexual function (P>0.05, F=0.494). Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy have improved sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it is recommended that these therapies be used to improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women in health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterized by distressing somatic symptoms which are accompanied by disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, has wide gender differences in prevalence, which has been less investigated in researches. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the physical (criteria A) and psychological symptom of SSD (criteria B) consist of cognitive, affective and behavioral in female and male patients. Method: This study was a descriptive and causal-comparative research. The participants included 60 Iranian women and 30 men with SSD in the age range of 18-60 years old who participated in the study based on the diagnosis of a psychiatrist by Convenience sampling method in 2021-2022. Data was collected by The Somatic Symptom Disorder-B (2017) Criteria Scale and The Somatic Symptom Scale8 (2014). For data analysis, MANOVA were applied by using SPSS-22. Results: The findings revealed that women with SSD generally showed more psychological symptoms compared to men and in the psychological subscales, affective (P=0.00) and behavioral (P=0.00) was more evident in them, however there was no significant difference between men and women in cognition of psychological subscales (P=0.18) and intensity of physical pain (P=0.13). Conclusion: According of the study, one of the factors of the difference in SSD prevalence can be from less expressing, not less suffering from the disorder in men. Studying the main causes of differences in the affective and behavior of psychological subscales such as cultural origin, can be effective in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the negative consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health, our knowledge of the changes in the severity of symptoms of psychological disorders during the pandemic is insufficient. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety in the student population during the covid-19 pandemic. Method: This study is a longitudinal descriptive study in terms of data collection. A sample of 376 people was selected with the convenience sampling method from the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Zanjan National University undergraduate students using an online research platform (Porsal). The sample was evaluated in 4 stages at 6-month intervals from April 2020 to September 2021. BDI-II, BAI, GAD-7, OCI-R, and SPIN were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS version 26, and R software. Results: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the intensity of symptoms of anxiety (p=0.008), obsessive-compulsive (p=0.023) and generalized anxiety (p=0.052) had an increasing trend, and with the subsidence of the pandemic conditions, the intensity of these symptoms has also been reduced. However, the intensity of depression was continuously increasing (p=0.001), and the intensity of social anxiety also had slight changes (p=0.964). Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic has caused a significant increase in the severity of the symptoms of psychological disorders; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the underlying factors of these changes and other psychological consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic by conducting more extensive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mycophenolate mofetil as an immunosuppressive agent is widely administered in patients with kidney disorders and following organ transplantation. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol, as two excipients of mycophenolate mofetil, are influential on the final quality and stability of the suspension. Objective In this experimental study, we aim to optimize the levels of xanthan gum and sorbitol in the Mycophenolate mofetil powder. Methods A Central composite design was used to prepare the formulations. The amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol were considered as independent variables while the sedimentation volume (F value) and concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) after preparation and after 3 months of storage at 45 Cͦ were considered as dependent variables. The samples were prepared through wet granulation process. Chromatography analysis and determination of F value and API were then performed. Results Analysis of variance showed that the increase in the amounts of xanthan up to 75 mg provided higher F value and better protection of API after 3 months by 98%, while the increase of sorbitol from 10 to 25 g had no significant effect on these variables. Optimized sample composed of 16.69 g sorbitol and 68.81 mg xanthan gum. Predicted error was desirably less than 5%. Conclusion The proposed formulation of mycophenolate mofetil powder for oral suspension with optimum amounts of xanthan gum and sorbitol has good stability. High level of xanthan gum and moderate level of sorbitol are recommended for preparing an optimal product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Aim: The type of circadian rhythms is essential in maintaining physical and mental health and recovery from the disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian rhythms on sleep quality and corona anxiety in men and women. Methods & Materials: The present study is a descriptive comparative causal description. The statistical population included all 18-50 who participated in the survey online. People who completed the questionnaire online were selected for sampling. The research instruments included the circadian inventory rhythms Horne and Ostberg (1976), Petersburg Quality of Sleep Questionnaire (1989), and Alipour et al.’s (2020) Corona-related Anxiety Scale in the Iranian sample. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Scheffe test were used to analyze the data. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered with the Ethics Committee Razi University Technology Units Development Center at Institute for Psychoanalytic Studies (No.: 99133). Results: The results showed that the mean of mental and corona physical anxiety in women and men with evening type is higher than in other classes. Men and women in the evening type have a lower sleep quality than in the morning and middle types. The results also showed significant differences between the types regarding corona anxiety, sleep quality, and sex. The difference between the mean of the morning type and evening types’ mean was more than other differences between the means. Conclusion: Individual differences in morning-evening types seem to play an essential role in the quality of sleep and the experience of corona anxiety [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary stress can impair the nervous structure including the hippocampus and behavioral functions such as memory; therefore, paying attention to neutralizing the destructive effects of stress on the body has been one of the debatable topics among researchers. Considering the role of physical activity in reducing stress in previous studies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of swimming training on learning and spatial memory in neonatal rats separated from their mother. Material & Methods: In this study, 40 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (separation from mother, separation from mother and swimming training, swimming training, and control). The method of separating the infants from the mothers was used to make stressful conditions. Rats from separation groups were separated from mothers 6 h per day starting from the day after birth for one month. For physical activity, swimming training was performed for four weeks (five sessions per week) incrementally to measure stress and blood glucose level in mice, and the Morris Water Maze test was used to assess the learning and spatial memory. (Ethic code: IR.UT.SPORT.REC.1399.009) Findings: The results of the analysis of variance test showed that the blood glucose in the group of rats that were separated from their mothers was significantly higher, compared to the control group (P=0.045), indicating that stress was successfully induced in these rats. Moreover, the results of the multivariate analysis of the variance test showed that although stress had no significant impact on spatial learning, the results of the exploration test showed a significant decrease in the percentage of entering the target quadrant (P=0.05) and the time spent in the target quadrant in the group separated from mother (P=0.029), compared to the control group. Therefore, spatial memory was degraded due to stress in the group of rats that were separated from their mother, compared to the other groups. However, swimming training in the group of rats that was separated from the mother could neutralize the destructive effects of stress on spatial memory and the percentage of entering the target quadrant (P=0.02) as well as the time spent in the target quadrant (P=0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that although stress did not have a negative impact on spatial learning, it had a destructive impact on memory. On the other hand, swimming training as a treatment method could largely neutralize the negative effects of stress and improve memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares real and accrual (accounting) earnings management and the level of conservatism in successful and unsuccessful firms of Tehran Stock Exchange. In addition to unbalanced Panel data regression analysis, t-tests and two-way analysis of variance are utilized to test the research hypothesis. Using a sample of failed and continuing firms during the period from 1997 to 2009, it is found that prior to failure; failed firms achieve manipulation through both discretionary accruals manipulation and by implementing real operating actions. In addition, companies with low probability of bankruptcy have successfully managed earnings compared to firms with high probability of bankruptcy. Finally, finding indicates the existence of non-conservative approach in both the successful and unsuccessful firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Nanosilver particles are one of the functional nanotechnology filed. These nanoparticles have antibacterial characteritics. Combination therapy is one of new and specific therapeutic regiment in medicine. Eucalyptus plant is useful in growth inhibition of bacteria. This study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic eucalyptus extract with nanosilver on E.coli growth. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, E.coli was cultured in nutrient agar medium. Primarily 50 ml of bacteria was inocolulated in each plate, antibiograms disc contiminated with 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm concentration of nanosilver accompanied with 100% of etanolic extract of eucalyptus were placed in each plate subsequently. Diameter of inhibitory zone were evaluated following 24, 48, 72 hrs in 6th and 8th days. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15, ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: After six days, inhibitory growth zone diameter of E.coli was 0.5 mm. This diameter in experimental group with 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanosilver in combination with etanolic extract of eucalyptus were 0.55, 0.58, 0.82, 0.83 and 1.02 mm. Inhibitory growth zone in group of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanosilver was significant in compared to the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The most proper time of inhibitory effect on E.coli growth is six day after treatment in combination of 50 ppm nanosilver particles with extract of eucalyptus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: As composite-dentin bond strength is affected by cavity preparation and the bond strength of composite resin to new and used bur prepared dentin has not yet been evaluated, this study evaluated the effects of cutting dentin with different cutting efficacy (new and used) of burs on composite-dentin shear bond strength using self-etching primer bonding system and total etching bonding system. Materials and Methods: Sixty caries free human 3rd molar were sectioned in occlosal surface to expose dentin, then polished with silicon carbide paper and randomly divided into four groups. Each group was prepared in a depth of 0.5mm of dentin, using new diamond bur, or used diamond bur. To change into a used bur, each new rough diamond bur had to work on bovine enamel for 30 minutes, under a load of 150g. Then, each group was bonded, using a total etch adhesive (single Bond) or a self etch adhesive (clearfil SE Bond) So there were 4 groups : 1-SE Bond, New bur; 2-SE Bond , used bur; 3-Single Bond , New bur ; 4-Single Bond, used bur. Similar composite capsules(Filtek Z250) were bonded to dentin surface and cured, specimens were stored in physiologic saline for 48h at 37° c , then put under shearing load to define composite - dentin shear bond strength. Results were interpreted via statistical analysis (T-test & two - way variance). Results: Shear bond strength of each group was as follows: l-(27.3Mpa), 2-(33.5Mpa), 3-(16.9Mpa) 4- (19.3Mpa). Statistical analysis proved that shear bond strength of used diamond bur prepared groups (2,4) was more than new diamond bur prepared ones (1,3). This statistical difference, specially, was seen between SE Bond groups (1,2) but not between single Bond groups (3,4). Also, shear bond strength of (SE Bond) bonded groups (1,2) were more significantly than (single Bond) bonded ones (3,4). Conclusion: This study show that Bur cutting efficiency influences composite - dentin shear bond strength especially when the adhesive is SE Bond (used bur> new bur) Also type of adhesive affects on composite - dentin shear bond strength. (SE Bond > Single Bond). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Marital infidelity is a crisis for couples and families. identifying an effective treatment approach at the lowest cost can be effective in preventing and intervening in injuries caused by infidelity. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy and self-compassion-based therapy on emotion regulation in women affected by infidelity. Methods This quasi-experimental study was designed as pre-test-post-test with follow-up. The study population included all couples involved in marital infidelity who referred to Iranmehr Counseling and Psychological Services Center in Rasht, Iran in 2020, from which 20 couples were selected as the sample by available sampling method. Granfsky emotion regulation questionnaire was used to collect data and emotion-focused couple therapy sessions and self-compassion-based therapy were performed for 16 sessions of 4 hours (one treatment every two hours) on a weekly basis. After three months of treatment sessions, couples also participated in a follow-up session in order to measure the duration of treatment. Data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance. Results The results showed that both therapies are effective in increasing the emotional regulation of couples, but there is no significant difference between emotion-oriented couples therapy and compassion- based therapy on emotion regulation (F = 1.57 and P = 0.218). Conclusion Both treatment approaches in counseling centers were very effective in helping incompatible couples to improve and reduce marital problems, increasing satisfaction, especially in couples affected by infidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a childhood disorder that is associated with a persistent pattern of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity or inappropriate impulsivity, which usually continues into adulthood. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the video game Minecraft on the Cognitive flexibility of ADHD athletes students. Method: The study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre, post and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was 79 ADHD athletes students from 9 to 16 years old in 2020 in Lorestan province. Of these, 30 students were randomly selected and divided into two groups control and experimental. Subjects were evaluated three times (pretest, posttest, follow up) with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Also, to test the hypothesis, multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni test and Spss 26 software at the significance level of 0.05 were used. Results: The results of cognitive flexibility scores showed a significant difference between the two groups in the three stages of measurement (P=0.0001). Bonferroni showed a significant difference between groups in the components of cognitive flexibility, the number of categories (P=0.027) and preservation error (P=0.0001). That is, Minecraft improved Cognitive flexibility in the experimental group, but no change was observed in the cognitive flexibility of the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Minecraft improves the cognitive flexibility of ADHD athletes student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common childhood disorders considered by psychologists and psychiatrists is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which leads to attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity in affected people. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Chess training in students with ADHD. Method: The statistical community of the present quasi-experimental study was 76 students with ADHD in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2019-2020. 32 students were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 16 controls and experiments based on age, sex and pre-test results. And the experimental group received chess training for 11 consecutive weeks and a weekly session of 60 to 90 minutes. Subjects were evaluated three times (pre-test, post-test, two-week follow-up) with Connors and Swanson questionnaires and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test and Spss 21 software. Results: The results of the study showed a direct and high correlation between the results obtained from both Swanson and Connors measuring instruments and the positive effect of chess training on students with ADHD. (P=0.001, F=20.17). Conclusions: Due to the positive effect of Chess training on the symptoms of ADHD, it is suggested that Chess training be used to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Several microRNAs are involved in regulating muscle mass, which plays an essential role in hypertrophy and atrophy of skeletal muscle, The present study examined the expression of some genes as regulators of muscular atrophy following a period of inertia in rats. Methods & Materials For this purpose, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (Control, Exercise+inactivity, and Inactivity). The exercise+inactivity group run on the treadmill for 18 weeks and five times per week. The hindlimb of the animal was immobilized for seven days with the casting method. Soleus muscle was extracted and the expression of the genes was measured by the RT-PCR method. Univariate ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to determine the differences (α=0.05). Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research approved this study (Code: IR.SUMS.REC.1396.S 463). Results Results showed that immobilization in both Exercise+ inactivity and inactivity groups, compare to the control group, increased expression of miR-1 genes (P<0.10), FOXO3a (P<0.001) and decreased expression of miR-206 (P<0.007) and IGF-1 (P<0.001). This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion According to the results of this study, it can be said that changes in the expression of RNAs by chromatography cause changes in the expression of muscle regulating genes, and although endurance exercises have protective effects, they cannot prevent these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disease that gradually destroys memory and cognitive skills. The disease is caused by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques, oxidative stress, dysfunctions in the cholinergic system, neuronal killing inflammation, and ultimately brain atrophy. Donepezil and hyoscyamoside have inhibitory effects on these pathogens; therefore, their impact on the learning process of Alzheimer’s rats in the Morris Water Maze was investigated. Methods & Materials In the present experimental study, 60 male rats of Wistar breed with approximately 7 weeks age within the control group (rats that received normal water and food), the PBS group (underwent surgery), PBS group (received solvent Aβ), the first Alzheimer›s group (animals that received betaamyloid by Alzheimer’s surgery, second Alzheimer’s group (after Alzheimer’s surgery, they received 1 cc of normal saline daily, and treatment groups that treated the rats with beta-amyloid after Alzheimer. In the hyoscyamoside group, they received 10 mg/kg daily of hyoscyamoside for 28 days. The donepezil group received it 4 mg/kg daily for 28 days by gavage. The Morris Water Maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical analysis and Post Hoc test. Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee in Biomedical Research, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch approved the research (Code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC 1397.057) Results Beta-amyloid injection caused extensive damage to memory. The treatment groups with hyoscyamoside and donepezil spent less time and distance with a significant level (P<0.001) than the group of Alzheimer’s patients to find the hidden platform. In the reminder phase, where the previously hidden platform was located, they spent more time, with a significant level (P<0.001) in the local quarter. Conclusion Treatment of rats with hyoscyamoside and donepezil improved spatial memory in Alzheimer’s rats. They appear to play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Parental acceptance is an important parameter in selecting the proper behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different informing methods on acceptance of parents about behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Methods & Materials This quasi-experimental study was conducted on one 162 parents of 3-7-year-old uncooperative children who were candidates for dental treatment. They were randomly divided into three groups. Their acceptance about six behavior management techniques including general anesthesia, voice control, hand-over-mouth, parental separation, active and passive physical restraint were assessed by a questionnaire. After determining the level of acceptance, the information about the techniques was presented through three ways include writing, verbal and visual methods. Finally, their acceptance of each technique and the reasons for non-acceptance were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.23 software using ANOVA and t-test. Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences under code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.102. Results The informing methods significantly increased the parents’ acceptance about behavior management techniques. According to the ANOVA results, the effect of visual presentation method in general anesthesia technique was significantly lower than that of other methods (P<0.05), while its effect in active physical restraint technique was significantly greater than that of other methods (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of informing methods in other behavior management techniques. Conclusion Informing parents about pediatric behavior management techniques increase their acceptance. Informing by visual presentation is the most effective method for increasing their acceptance of physical restraint technique, while in their acceptance of general anesthesia technique other informing methods are more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a type of accumulation of fat in the liver cells. Moreover, portulaca oleracea has hypolipidemic properties. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of training and portulaca oleracea supplementation on plasma lipid profile and liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. Methods & Materials The study population consisted of 40 to 60-year-old obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In total, 40 obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. The study groups included training (n=10), training + supplementation (n=10), placebo (n=10) and supplementation (n=10). Before and after the intervention, sonography of the liver and blood tests were performed. The Paired Samples t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the obtained data. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran (code: IR. IAU.RASHT.REC. 1397. 034). Moreover, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT201903090429871). Results The obtained data suggested that 12 weeks of portulaca oleracea supplementation and combination training significantly decreased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol (P=0.001), triglyceride (P=0.00), LDL (P=0.00), and significantly increased serum HDL levels (P=0.00) in the exercise + supplement, supplement, and exercise groups (P<0.05). Liver ultrasound data also improved in the exercise + supplement (P=0.02), and exercise (P=0.00) groups. Conclusion Portulaca oleracea supplementation with combination exercises could be effective in reducing plasma lipids and improving liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Physical complaints that have no clear cause are a process that is commonly seen in patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD). The increasing number of patients with this disorder and its related chronic symptoms including changes in quality of life and loss of individual efficiency has created social and psychological economic costs for these patients and their families. Methods & Materials This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 70 patients with SSD having digestive symptoms and chronic pain referred to the health centers in Semnan, Iran in winter 2018. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tools were 15-item Patient Health Questionnaire Physical Symptoms (PHQ-15) and Rorschach test (Exner’s Comprehensive System). In order to analyze the collected data, multiple linear regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, and multivariate ANOVA were performed in SPSS V. 22 software. Ethical Considerations The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.SEMUMS.REC.1397.029). Results Perceived location indices including D and Dd scores in Rorschach test were able to significantly differentiate the SSD patients from controls (P<0.05). In the logistic regression model, 70% of participants were classified properly. Conclusion There is difference in projective responses between SSD patients and controls, and patients were less holistic. Anxiety and psychiatric symptoms were also higher in patients with SSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim There is a high correlation between depression and anxiety in children which are also related to laterality. This study aimed to compare generalized anxiety and social anxiety in sinistral and dextral children with depression symptoms. Methods & Materials This is a study with a causal-comparative design. The study population consisted of all primary students (fourth to sixth grade) of Arak Province in Iran. A convenience sampling method was used to select study samples. Prior to study, following questionnaires were completed: Children's Depression Inventory, Brief Scale of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents. Then, those with depression score of 19 and higher were assigned into two groups of sinistral (n=31) and dextral (n=35), and compared in terms of generalized anxiety and social anxiety. Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval form the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.298). Results The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference in two study variables between groups (P=0.001). Moreover, based on the results of univariate analysis of variance, sinistral children had higher generalized anxiety compared to dextral children; however, they were not significantly different in terms of social anxiety. Conclusion Considering the higher vulnerability of depressed sinistral children to anxiety disorders, they are more likely to need specific ways of preventing and treating depression and generalized anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease that can change individuals' lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on functional disability of patients with MS. Methods & Materials The is an experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow up design using control group. The study population consisted of all male and female patients with MS living in Neyshabur county, Iran. Of these, 47 were selected using a convenience sampling technique and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=22) and control (n=25). The intervention group received MBSR therapy for 8 sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The follow-up was performed after one month. Subjects’ functional disability was measured by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 software usingrepeated measurements Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (code: IR. NUMS.REC.1397.004) Results The results of univariate ANOVA showed the significant effect of time and the interaction effect of time and group on functional disability of samples. The results of between-group ANOVA a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in functional disability (p <0.05). Pairwise comparison of the interaction effect of time and group showed a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores (P = 0.001), but no significant difference was reported between the posttest and follow-up scores. Conclusion The MBSR program could reduce the functional disability in patients with MS due to ease of treatment, faster patient education, and the short duration of intervention sessions.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hope has a significant role in coping with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. It seems that the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes is one of the strategies for health promotion in these patients.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hope-based therapy in psychological capital among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental research was carried out on 40 patients with diabetes referring to the healthcare centers affiliated to Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, and Health Services in 2018-2019, using a pretest-posttest design. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of hope therapy. The intervention was based on the theory of hope proposed by Senyder, Herth, and Ruston and a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and positivism issues. The data were collected in three stages namely, before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention, using the psychological capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans et al. data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Result: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the psychological capital and its components (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of intervention was stable in the intervention group. Conclusion: Hope therapy led to the improvement of psychological capital and its components (i.e., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy). Therefore, it is essential to consider hope therapy interventions when planning for the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir welding is a solid state process which is developed by Twi institute in 1991. In this paper, lap welding of 5456 aluminum alloy sheets were carried out while hard working H321 sheet with a thickness of 5 mm was on top of a 2.5 mm thickness annealed sheet and the simultaneous effect of rotation speed of tool, feed rate and tool angle parameters on failure force and the height of hook in friction stir welding were investigated using response surface method. After evaluation and analysis of welding samples, response surface method was used using experimental results and several verification models were performed for error estimation. The results of mechanical properties of model show 3.88 percent average error with experimental results. In proceeding, the analysis of variance was used for investigation of the welding parameters effect on welding mode variations and it was seen that feed rate has the greatest effect on failure force and rotation speed has the greatest effect on the hook height and tool angle has the lowest effect in comparison with this two parameters.

Background and Aims: The porphyromons gingivalis (P.g) is always one of the most important etiologic factors in the periodontal diseases, antibiotics are commonly used for controlling its growth. Different side effects of synthetics and chemical drugs such as increasing the drug resistancy in the human pathogens cause that the tendency to study about antibacterial materials from other sources, like plants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of cinnamon on the growth of porphyromons gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients with deep pockets. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, samples provided from patients having pockets. After culturing the M.O and diagnosis of P.g by gram staining and biochemical tests, cinnamon in some concentration (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1500 mg/ml) with oil solvent prepared and placed by disks in the cultures medium. Positive controls were Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Gentamycin. Oil was negative control. Then plates were incubated 24 hours in 37°C and then non growth halos by disk diffusion method, MIC and MBC were determined. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that cinnamon at the concentration of MIC=750 mg/ml had the inhibitory effects of bacteria and at the concentration of MIC=1500 mg/ml had killing effect that the course of this work compared with commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole), was much weaker. Conclusion: Results show that cinnamon has acceptable antimicrobial effect on P.g in chronic periodontitis patients with deep pockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study established to investigate the association among exact blood glucose control, performative and cognitive values, and patients' demographic properties in patient with type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: This episodic descriptive-analytic study was performed on 73 patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus in Metabolism and Endocrinology Research Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The patients were assessed using continuous performance test (CPT); the association of the results and recent laboratory values, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (2-h PPBS), fasting blood sugar (FBS), in the recent 6 months and also, patients' demographic properties and diabetes type was evaluated by Student-t, ANOVA and Pearson's coefficient correlation tests. Findings: The impulsivity value in type I diabetes was lower than type II (P = 0.034); there was a direct and meaningful association between impulsivity value and taking neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. There was a direct and meaningful association among impulsivity value, recent FBS, 2-h PPBS, HbA1C levels and patients' age, also, among mean values of reaction rate and patients' age and the age of diagnosing the disease (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The findings indicate that cognitive impairment in type II diabetes and elderly are more than other ages which is in favor of association between exact blood glucose control, and insulin NPH taking with decreasing in cognitive impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The child mortality is a index of development and plays an important role in determination of population growth. This study was done to determine the effect of sociol-economical conditions on mortality rate of under 5 years children, Khuzestan- Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 372 women aged. 20-48 years with at least one child under 5 years whome were admitted to the health centers in urban and rural area of gotvand town in Khuzestan province, Iran during 2004. Individuals questionnaires included variables such as mortality, demographic, economic and social index were completed for each subject. Data were analyzed using SPSS-17, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. Results: Providing maternal health care during pregnancy and up-grading occupational status of parents significantly reduced child mortality rate (P<0.05). Child mortality rate increased in mothers of <18 and >35 years (P<0.05) and parents desire to have male infant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that up-grading occupational status of parents, maternal health care and maternal age and desire to have male infant play important role on the child mortality rate in Khuzestan province in south west of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Post pain operative is common and a major complication which lead to numerous dangerous effects in various organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methocarbamol on postoperative pain following cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double - blind clinical trail study 60 ASA I, II patient in two group (n=30 in each group) between 30-50 years old and weigh lower of 100kg undergone general anesthesia for cholecystectomy. Elective surgery was selected in Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran during 2008. Both group did not receive premedication and under similar condition of general anesthesia. Interventional group received 500mg Methocarbamol intravenus slowly and the control group received 5ml placebo slowly after operation. The pain score were measured by visual anesthesia scale (VAS) on the 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation and if necessitated narcotics (PRN, VAS>4) were prescribed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, ANOVA, Chi-Square and student's t-tests. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age, gender. The mean of score pain was lower for interventional group at 6.24 hours after operation (P<0.05). But no significant differences was observed at 1, 3 and 12 hours. The prescribe narcotic in interventional group was lower compared to controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to analgesic effects and low prescribe narcotics, it is suggested to use methocarbamol after operative due to analgesic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels of female nurses working in emergency wards with those of female hospital clerks. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 42 female nurses in emergency wards and 42 female clerks of hospitals were selected. SIgA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collected data was analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Findings: The levels of SIgA in nurses and clerks were 338.04 ± 380.93 and 706 ± 354.70, respectively (P < 0.001). SIgA levels had significant differences between 20-29 year-old and 30-39 year-old members of the two groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Moreover, SIgA levels were significantly different between nurses and clerks with different working experience. Conclusion: The results of the current study confirmed that working in stressful emergency environments has a significant relationship with decreased SIgA level. These findings may suggest SIgA as a biomarker of psychological stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Sleep disurbance is considered to be one of the most common problems in menopausal women. Herbal supplements are being used as herbal supplemental medication to solve the problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Sedamin capsule on sleep disorder among menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was done on 100 Menopausal women aged 50-60 with sleep disorder. Women randomly divided into intervention and contol groups. Subjects intervention group were received Sedamin capsule (530 mg Valerian root) twice a day for 30 days. Women in control group were received capsule (50 mg of carbohydrate) twice a day for 30 days. Demographic data form and Pittsburg sleep quality index was instrumented for the evaluation of disorder. Data analyzed with using independent T and ANOVA tests. Results: Mean score of sleep disorder peior and after intervention was 9.8±3.6 and 6.02±2.6 (P<0.05) in interventional group and 11.14±4 and 9.4±3.9 in controls, respectively. Also, 40% of the participants in the intervention group and 12% in the control group showed an improvement in the quality of sleep (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that consumption of Sedamin capsule improves the quality of sleep in menopausal women with sleep disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Abdominal operations as gynaecological procedures result in gastrointestinal dysmotility. Early feeding and ambulation are nonpharmacologic interventions which can be useful in re-initiation of bowel function. This study was done to evaluate the effect of early oral hydration on the return of bowel function and woman's satisfaction after elective caesarean section in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 primiparous women undergone elective cesarean section were assigned to control and intervention groups in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran during 2007. In the interventional group, oral hydration with liquids was started 4 hours after surgery regardless of presence of bowel sounds and solid food was started after bowel sounds appeared. The control group recieved liquid diet 12 hours after the operation if it was tolerated, they were given soft diet and regular food at the next meal. The return of bowel activity, time of ambulating, satisfaction, discharge from the hospital and complications were compared in two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS-15, Chi-Square, T and one way ANOVA tests. Results: The mean postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds in interventional versus control groups were (9.5±1.38 and 12.5±2.5 hours) the first passage of flatus (15.7±3.61 vs.22.4±4.1 hours), time to first sensation of bowel movement (10.8±1.99 versus 15.7±3.4 hours) and defecation (18.9±3.65 versus 23.4±4.85 hours). These differences were significant (P<0.05). Also discharge from the hospital (0.96±0.18 versus 1.1±34 days) were significantly shorter in interventional group (P<0.05). The women in the early feeding group got out of bed (patient mobilisation) earlier than their interventional group (14.1 hours versus 18.8 hours (P<0.05). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher among the early fed women (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early oral hydration after elective cesarean section associated with rapid resumption of intestinal motility and increased woman's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have often focused on plasma beta-endorphin (?-EP) and cortisol responses to either sub-maximal or maximal exercise. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of professional exercise sessions on ?-EP and cortisol secretion levels. The aim of this study was to assess changes in plasma ?-EP and cortisol levels in male sprint runners after one session of 200 meters run exercise training. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 14 healthy male elite runners (mean age: 21.38 ± 2.76 years, mean weight: 69.78 ± 6.76 kg, mean height: 182.21 ± 5.22 cm, and mean body mass index of 20.99 ± 1.62 kg/m2) purposefully and voluntarily participated in this study. After a two hour exercise session, the subjects ran 200 meters in 23 seconds with an intensity equivalent to 80-85% of maximum oxygen consumption. Venous blood samples were taken from the right arm of the subjects to measure levels of ?-EP and cortisol before exercise, immediately after specialized training, and 30 minutes after exercise. Serum blood samples were separated immediately in a refrigerated centrifuge at +4°C. They were then transferred to a -70°C refrigerator for future assessments. ?-EP and cortisol were measured using enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: Levels of ?-EP among male sprint runners significantly differed between the three measurements (P ≤ 0.05). The paired comparison test showed a significant difference between the mean ?-EP level before training and in the recovery period (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, no significant differences in cortisol levels were observed (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that an acute exercise session caused significant increases only in levels of serum ?-EP hormones among sprint runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Lead threaten living creature's life as air pollutant and causes several diseases such as degenerative disease of nervous system. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Curcumin on BDNF changes and oxidative/antioxidative process in rat's hippocampus which exposed to Lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of ten: Base, Sham(control), lead and Curcumin+Lead. lead and Curcumin+Lead groups received 20 mg/kg lead acetate and Curcumin+Lead group also received 30 mg/kg Curcumin, peritoneally for 8 weeks (3 days in weeks). MDA (oxidative stress biomarker) and TAC (total antioxidative capacity) levels were measured by TBARS and FRAP methods, respectively, and hippocampus BDNF level was measured by ELISA method in rat hippocampus region. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and Tukey at P<0.05 level. Results: Injection of lead acetate significantly increased MDA, non-significantly decreased hippocampus BDNF and significantly decreased TAC levels in the Lead group compared with control groups. On the other hand, curcumin administration led to non significantly decreased MDA, nonsignificantly increased BDNF and significantly increased TAC levels compared with other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Curcumin adminstration in long term lead acetate-treated male Wistar Rats did not increased BDNF of hippocampus, but it prevent the reduction of BNDF due to lead-intoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Palliative tendon transfer procedures for radial nerve palsy are continuing to evolve. There is a big history behind this procedure. Many studies are done and they have gradually led to describe two basic methods of transfer, using the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) or the Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) for transfer. There are some differences in cosmetic and functional results of these surgical plans. This study was done to compare these two methods. Methods: This study was done in Alzahra (SA) and Kashani hospitals in Isfahan. 41 known cases of chronic radial nerve palsy that had the inclusion criteria were selected during 7 years. They had divided into 2 groups randomly. In one group, we used FCR and in the other one we used FCU to restore fingers (metacarpophalangeal joint) extension. Post operative plan was the same in both groups. A questionnaire was designed and each patient was evaluated by physical exam. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. The chi square, t, and Fischer tests were used for data analyzing. Results: There was significant difference between fingers active extension, Ulnar deviation and cosmetic results in two groups (P < 0.05). The difference between wrist extension, infection and scar formation was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of FCR method had better results in our study. We recommend this method if the patient does not have any contra indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]