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Background and Aims: According to the research background and need to print CBCT images in case of emergency, this study has been done to compare the quality and accuracy of the two methods of film and paper printing for CBCT images. Materials and Methods: The study of CBCT images taken from 5 patients was done and the cross-sectional slices on Fotolusio DNP papers and film AGFA were printed. Afterward, the images was exmined by a maxillofacial radiologist. The images' quality were identified and recorded with anatomical, from 1 to 4 on forms. The accuracy was determined by the diagnosis of alveolar canal area and the comparison with the gold standard. Data were analyzed using independent chi-square and Fisher exact tests'. Results: The images quality in anatomical landmarks consisting PDL (P=0.02), lamina dura (P=0.006), the inferior alveolar canal (P=0.01) and the filling (P=0.006) had a significant difference. There was no significant difference. For the lower border of the mandible landmark, there was no difference between the two methods of printing. In comparing the diagnostic accuracy between the two methods (P=1). Conclusion: The results showed that the diagnostic quality in film printing is better than paper printing and the diagnostic accuracy is the same in both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: To achieve a successful root canal treatment, it is necessary to have a sealer with ideal characteristics that seal the permanent filling of the tooth canal. Over time, various sealers with different compositions have been introduced to increase the obturation quality of tooth root canals, and many studies are still ongoing to find the ideal sealer. This study aims to evaluate the obturation quality of Endoseal MTA sealer based on the void and spreader track in the root canal using intraoral digital radiography (PSP) and compare it with Adseal and MTA Fillapex. Materials and methods: This laboratory study was conducted on 36 central maxillary single- canal permanent human teeth with the same shape and in the pre-clinic of the dental school of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Root canal preparation was done with the Denco rotary system up to size F3 according to the manufacturer's instructions. During preparation, sodium hypochlorite 5.25% was used for washing, and finally EDTA 17% and sodium chlorite 5.25% were used to remove the smear layer. The teeth were dried with a paper cone. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups and were filled with gutta-percha and sealers; MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, and Adseal by lateral compaction method using Master Cone 35 and cone 20. After the sealers were set completely for 24 hours, PSP imaging was done with a parallel technique, buccolingually and mesiodistally, from the root canal of the teeth, and the presence of void and gaps in the form of spreader track in the three apical, middle and coronal regions, was evaluated with 3 independent observers. The data were evaluated with chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and items less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In the current study, the obturation quality of MTA Fillapex, Endoseal MTA, and Adseal sealers was investigated on 36 teeth based on void and gap in the form of spreader track. These evaluations were done according to the direction and location of the sealers. In these evaluations, Adseal sealer had the lowest and MTA Fillapex had the most prevalence of spreader track prevalence, although these differences were not significant based on the chi-square test and there was no significant difference between the prevalence of Spreader track among the three sealers. The void was observed only in the Endoseal group in coronal (mean: 0.5) and apical (mean: 0.7) areas. The results of the Chi-square test showed that there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of void with coronal, middle, and apical sites in Endoseal (P<0.05). Conclusion: No difference was observed between the three sealers in the voids and gaps in the root canal. Based on the results of this study, the obturation quality of the above three sealers isn't different from each other. Although the presence of more void in Endoseal MTA sealer was not significant, it can indicate that the handling of this material is difficult, on the other hand, according to the manufacturer's recommendation, this sealer is recommended for single cone method and is not suitable for use in lateral compression method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Patients who undergo major orthopedic surgery are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to blood loss, electrolyte disorders, infection, and other co-morbidities. In this study, we aim to investigate the frequency of AKI and its risk factors in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery in Rasht, Iran. Objective This is an analytical cross-sectional study on 180 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Those with a history of chronic kidney disease and dialysis were excluded. Methods The data including patients’ age, gender, drug history, history of underlying diseases, duration of surgery, mean arterial pressure during and after surgery, and use of inotrope during and after surgery, and creatinine level before and after the surgery. Results The mean age of patients was 47.3±22.8 years. The incidence of AKI was 11.11%. The use of some drugs, duration of surgery, MAP, and inotrope use had no significant relationship. The occurrence of AKI had a significant relationship with the history of heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that with the increase of one unit in preoperative creatinine level, the postoperative creatinine level increased by 0.3. Conclusion The incidence of AKI after major orthopedic surgery in Rasht city is relatively high. Careful monitoring of kidney function before, during, and after major orthopedic surgery is important; it can prevent the occurrence of postoperative AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Object: One of the most common nutritional problems around the world is the deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron and vitamin D. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of iron and vitamin D supplementation and the value of the clinical diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in high school girls in Gonabad. Materials and Methods: This research was a semi -experimental study and without control group study that conducted in 158 seventh grade high school girl students in Gonabad in 2016. The data collection tool in this study was a checklist that included two parts. The first part contained demographic variables and the second part included a student examination checklist that were filled by physicians. The data analysis was also performed through the Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. The significant level of the data in this study was less than 0.05. Results: The use of iron supplements significantly reduces iron deficiency and reduced iron deficiency anemia in female students (P=0.020). In this study, vitamin D supplementation was able to significantly reduce the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in students (P=0.040). Also, results showed that clinical examination has a negative news value, meaning that most of those who were diagnosed in a healthy clinical examination after blood tests also found that they were healthy and that they had no iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion: According to the results obtained by conducting a clinical examination and diagnosing healthy people, people do not need blood tests to determine the condition of iron deficiency anemia and can be prevented from wasting funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dental abnormalities are considered important, since they cause aesthetic and functional problems for people. Orthodontic treatment becomes more complicated when craniofacial abnormalities are accompanied with dental abnormalities. Objective This study aims to compare the frequency and type of dental abnormalities among patients with different skeletal malocclusion classes in northern Iran in terms of age and gender. Methods Participants were 310 patients (32.9% Class I, 33.9% Class II, and 33.2% Class III). They were evaluated with respect to hypodontia, hyperdontia, impaction, microdontia, macrodontia, and dens invaginatus/evaginatus. Association of the prevalence of dental abnormalities with the type of malocclusion and gender was assessed by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, while independent t-test was used to determine its association with age. Results The overall frequency of dental abnormalities was 33%. Class III patients had the highest rate of dental abnormalities (40.8%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.105). Hypodontia and impacted teeth were the most frequent abnormalities in all malocclusion groups. Occurrence of tooth impaction differed significantly among the three malocclusion groups (P<0.001), where the highest rate belonged to the class III group. Hypodontia was more frequent in males (P=0.040). Tooth impaction and microdontia were the two abnormalities that showed significant association with age (P<0.05). Conclusion Dental abnormalities in northern Iran is more prevalent among people with the skeletal class III malocclusion. The prevalence of some dental abnormalities is associated with gender and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Cancer is known as one of the biggest health problems. One of the most important treatments for this disease is chemotherapy. Because chemotherapy is often time-consuming and challenging, and disabling for the patient, these patients’ family caregivers are under much pressure to care for them during this period. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coping skills training on family caregivers’ burden on cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 62 patients referred to two hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire and Caring Burden Inventory (CBI). At the beginning of the study, the demographic profile and CBI form were completed by the study participants. The experimental group caregivers were then divided into groups of 5-8 people and were given coping skills training in three sessions of 45-60 minutes. Four weeks after the intervention, the CBI questionnaire was completed again by the study participants during the return to the hospital. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups participating in the study in terms of demographic characteristics (P> 0.05); Also, the mean and standard deviation of the Care burden score in the control and test group participants before the intervention were 66.37 ±17.91 and 56.83 ± 14.89, and after the intervention were 75.18 ± 9.15 and 49.30 ±12.93 was reported. According to the results of the paired t-test, these changes were significant in both groups (P <0.001).The highest rate of reduction of burden pressure in the caregivers of the experimental group was related to the developmental dimension (P <0.016). Conclusion: This study’s findings showed the usefulness of using coping skills training method on the burden pressure of family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, it is recommended that this useful and effective method be used to facilitate these caregivers’ adaptation to the patient’s condition more than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Introduction: Among the heart diseases, coronary heart disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in human societies and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is the most common therapeutic intervention. Post-surgical hospitalization is an estimate of the success rate of surgery that cannot be fully explained by medical and demographic factors. Rather, psychological factors are important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress which are one of the most important psychological factors related to the length of hospital stay after this surgery. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the target population was all CABG patients referred to Farshchian heart Hospital, Hamadan, in 2019. The DASS-21 Questionnaire was used to determine the status of studied patients in terms of anxiety, depression and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Stata software. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and OR index and binary logistic regression were used for determine relationship between variables. Results: A total of 210 patients participated in this study. 152 (74.2%) of them were male and 58 (27.6%) were female. The mean and standard deviation of age were 62.99 and 8.89 years, respectively. According to the results of principal components analysis, 81 (38.6%), 81 (38.6%) and 86 (41.0%) patients had symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, respectively. The final logistic regression models showed. Relationship between sex, history of hypertension and high cholesterol with anxiety, relationship between maternal statuses with depression was significant. There was no significant relationship between any of the underlying variables with stress in the studied patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety, stress and depression in CABG patients is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to check the mental status of these patients before performing this surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective:AIDS is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world and the disease is increasing especially among young people. Since the youth are exposed to high-risk behaviors, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the Health Belief Model in creating AIDS preventive beliefs in Turkmen girl students. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled field trial study was done on 78 female high school students in Aq-Qala, Golestan province. Using multi-stage sampling, two high schools in the interventional group and two high schools in the control group were selected, then two classes selected from each high school, data were collected before and after of intervention by using a questionnaire based on HBM. Data were analyzed using SPSS.17 software and Chi-square, Fisher exact test, T-paired test, Wilcoxon, Independent T-test, and ANCOVA. Results: Before training, there was not a significant difference in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs and in terms of demographic characteristics between two groups except in knowledge construct. After the educational intervention, the T-paired test showed that the mean of knowledge and perceived susceptibility were increased significantly, and the mean of perceived barriers was decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). ANCOVA also showed that compared with the control group, knowledge and perceived susceptibility were increased significantly after the intervention. Conclusion: According to the present study, education based on the Health Belief Model was effective on the knowledge and perceived susceptibility. It is suggested that educational interventions based on Health Belief Model be designed and implemented to promote AIDS preventive beliefs in high school female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]