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Background It is necessary to provide safe care for patients with acute and life-threatening conditions by nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs). These nurses need higher levels of independent performance. Therefore, the competency to provide safe care and having professional nursing autonomy in novice nurses working in the EDs are very important. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between professional nursing autonomy and safe nursing care in newly graduated nurses working in the EDs. Methods In this analytical cross-sectional study, the study population consists of all newly graduated nurses working in EDs of hospitals in Guilan, Iran. They all were included in the study using a census sampling method. The tools for collecting information were a demographic form, the assessment of safe nursing care questionnaire, and the professional nursing autonomy scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test, Spearman or Pearson correlation test, and linear regression analysis) were used to analyze the collected data. Results There was a significant relationship between professional nursing autonomy and safe nursing care; for every one unit increase in professional autonomy, the chance of providing safe nursing care increases by 0.133 (P=0.009). Conclusion The significant relationship of professional nursing autonomy with safe nursing care among the EDS nurses shows that if nurses have a greater control over their performance, decision-making ability, and autonomy to act based on patient safety, they can provide better quality care to patients. Therefore, empowering nurses by providing conditions to perform based on professional autonomy, can ultimately lead to better results for the patients and cause overall safety in the EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is necessary for pregnant or lactating women which can prevent them from infection to severe case of disease. The present study aims to determine the factors related to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant or lactating women in Zahedan, Iran using the health belief model (HBM). Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 260 pregnant or lactating women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan city in 2022. Sampling method was done as a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done using a demographic form and a HBM-based questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.7. Moreover, the content validity index value was 0.81 and the content validity ratio was 0.77. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation test, and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22. Results The results of the regression analysis showed that the demographic variables explained 12.6% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only the effect of age and educational level was significant, (P<0.05). The BM constructs along with age and educational level predicted 26.3% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only age, self-efficacy and perceived benefits had a significant effect (P<0.05). Overall, the mentioned variables predicted 38.9% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior. Conclusion The factors of young age, high educational level, and the HBM constructs of self-efficacy and perceived benefits can predict the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance behavior of pregnant or lactating women in the South East of Iran. These findings can help policymakers and health care providers to use this model in designing program for improving vaccination acceptance of these high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Patient care is the basis of the nursing profession, and the theoretical principles of nursing are based on understanding caring behaviors. Self-compassion can be a powerful source for these behaviors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviors of Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences from March to May 2022. They were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done using a demographic/occupational form, Wolf’s caring behaviors inventory (CBI), and Neff’s self-compassion scale (SCS). After collecting the data, they were analyzed in SPSS software, vesion 22 using Spearman’s correlation test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression analysis. Results The mean total score of CBI was 82.06±7.76, which is a relatively high score. The highest score was related to the dimension of knowledge and skill. The mean total score of SCS was 79.74±12.73. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the relationship between self-compassion and caring behaviors was positive and significant (P<0.05). Also, the linear regression model showed a significant and direct linear relationship between the two variables. Conclusion Self-compassion of nurses has a significant relationship with their caring behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the increase of self-compassion, their caring behaviors improve. It is recommended to teach nurses self-compassion skills to improve their caring behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CBCT imaging systems are widely used in different dental treatment fields in recent years due to their advantages, such as obtaining 3D images, ease of image acquisition, and reconstruction of data. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of dentists in Tehran about the use and indications of the CBCT technique in 2017-2018. Materials & Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 199 dentists in Tehran were selected. A questionnaire was designed using standard methods with 24 items. The knowledge scores of the dentists were calculated by assigning 1 score to each correct answer and 0 for each incorrect answer. A linear regression test determined the effects of different parameters on the knowledge scores. SPSS was used for statistical analyses. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the knowledge scores and the answers provided for some questions. Results: The mean knowledge score of the dentists about CBCT prescription indications was 7.77, with a standard deviation of 2.02. The knowledge score range was 3-15. The mean scores of knowledge were similar regarding different parameters. The years in the dental occupation among dentists, age, prescription of CBCT for the patients, or intention to receive education on CBCT software did not affect the prediction of knowledge scores of the dentists (p value = 0.19). Conclusion: Since dentists in Tehran exhibited moderate knowledge regarding the indications of CBCT, efforts should be made to improve their knowledge level due to their responsibility in oral health and the benefits of CBCT images to increase the quality of dental treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Caregivers’ oral health literacy (OHL) can be effective in increasing their children’s knowledge, and can improve their oral health-related behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mothers’ OHL and children’s oral health status. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 202 6-year child/mother dyads in Semirom, Iran, applying a cluster sampling method. Self-administered questionnaires (Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire) requested information about mothers’ OHL. Children’s oral health status (dmft and pufa) was recorded via clinical examination. Pearson correlation coefficient, spearman correlation coefficient, independent T-test, and a linear regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 202 pre-school children, 99 were girls (49%). The mean OHL score of mothers was 63.2 (Max achievable score=100, SD=18.9). Higher score of OHL among mothers was associated with their children’s less missing teeth (mt) and more filled teeth (ft) (P<0.05). No significant the association existed between the mothers OHL and their children’s dt, dmft, and pufa. Childrens of younger mothers, more educated mothers, and those with better oral health behaviors in terms of daily flossing and tooth brushing, showed lower scores of dmft and pufa (P<0.05). Conclusion: A significant association revealed between mothers’ OHL and the oral health status of their children. Thus, it is recommended to increase mothers’ OHL to improve their children’s oral health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Children’s Fear Survey Schedule- Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) is considered as the most popular instrument available to assess dental fear in children. The aim of this study was to develop a Persian version of the CFSS-DS among 8-12 year-old female children resident in Tehran. Materials and Methods: At first, the questionnaire was translated in Farsi and back translated in English afterwards. While, the back translated version was confirmed, we considered the Persian version as the final instrument. Content validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed. We used test-retest method to evaluate the reliability, 287 female students aged 8 to 12 from 7 schools in 6th district of education ministry of Tehran were interviewed two times with interval of seven days. In addition, the infraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and percentage of agreement were calculated. The score of dental fear was measured with range of 13 to 65 and changed to a number between 0 and 100. The relationship between dental fear score and the independent variables including age, history of hospitalization, last medical visit, and history of dental treatment were evaluated using the linear regression models. Results: The mean score of dental fear was calculated 20.52. The score of dental fear was significantly associated with the last medical visit (P=0.04) and past dental history (P<0.001). The percentage of agreement was more than 80% for all the questions. In each question, Kappa was evaluated as moderate to good and ICC was good to very good (more than 0.4). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the Persian version of CFSS-DS was valid and reliable among 8-12 year-old children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to weakness of self-care during pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes including abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, etc may occur. Individual and social factors affect self-care of pregnancy Objective: Use of path analysis method to determine predictors of pregnancy self-care based on combination of health belief model and social support. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study conducted on 215 pregnant women living in Baluchistan region , Iran. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed. Data collection tool was questionnaire of integrated model ( HBM and social support constructs). To analyze the data, SPSS version 18 statistical indicators and descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and linear regression. Results: Self-efficacy, perceived severity and sensitivity were found to be directly effective on self-care. Also, social support had indirect effects on self-care through an effect on self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity. Social support was identified as the strongest predictor of self-care of pregnancy (46/6%). A significant correlation was found between susceptibility and self-care (0.598), severity and self-care (0.726), benefits and self-care (0.348), self-efficacy and self-care (0.824) and social support(0.745) with self-care(p<0.05). An inverse association was observed between perceived barriers and self-care(p <0.05, r=-0.685). Conclusion: Integrated Model (HBM and social support structures) with an emphasis on social support and self efficacy can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions to promote self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. Given the importance of the subject in program planning for promotion of the oral health of the community, this study evaluated OHL among citizens in Isfahan, Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 758 adults living in Isfahan, who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire which consisted of 17 questions on OHL in 4 sections of reading comprehension, perception of numbers, listening and decision making. There were 3 questions on oral health behaviors; a question on potential sources for oral health information, the self-assessment of oral health of participants as well as age, sex and education. The citizens were categorized into three groups with inadequate OHL (0‒9), borderline (10‒11) and adequate OHL (12‒17). Ttest, ANOVA, LSD tests, chi-squared, Spearman’s coefficient and multivariate linear regression were applied for statistical analyses verbal consents were achieved. Results: Of participants, 53% had adequate OHL. The mean (SD) of OHL was 11.1 (4.3) of a total of 17. Woman, older adults and those with higher education scored higher for OHL (p value < 0.05). The score of OHL was higher among those who reported favorable oral health behaviors (p value = 0.006). In addition, participants who believed they had a poor oral health status had low OHL scores compared to the other two groups. Dentists, radio and television, and the internet were the main sources of oral health information of citizens in Isfahan. Conclusion: The study showed insufficient OHL among Isfahan citizens. Health policy maker should have prepare oral health programs to promote OHL in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]