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Introduction: Diabetes impairs organs by inducing oxidative stress. Given the importance of the liver in metabolism, the present study examined the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and selenium on liver function in rats with insulin resistance. Material and method: A total of 35 rats weighing approximately 20 ± 180 g were divided into five groups. All groups, except the control group, became resistant to insulin by drinking 140 ml of fructose (10%) per day. The sham control group received 0.20 ml of normal saline; the experimental group S received 0.20 ml of 0.5 mg /kg/b.wt selenium solution injected intraperitoneally, the experimental group E were gavaged with the same dose of vitamin E, and the experimental group E+S received both substances simultaneously. Blood samples of rats were drawn and their serums were examined for biochemical analysis. Their liver was then dissected and after fixation in formalin (3%) and tissue processing, 5-micron sections were prepared and examined by light microscope. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. P<0.01 was considered statistically significance. Results: The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase increased in the sham control group compared to the control group, and significantly decreased in the experimental groups, especially in the E + S group, compared to the control group. Histological study showed changes such as hydropic cytoplasm and cell necrosis in the sham control group, unlike in the experimental groups, particularly, the E+S group. Conclusion: The results show that vitamin E and selenium adequately compensate the effects of diabetes type II, and using them simultaneously, leaves better results due to their synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric diseases in need of allocating high levels of health care services. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of drug therapy and relaxation on anxiety reduction and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Participants were divided into three groups consisting of 10 patients and categorized as relaxation, drug therapy and combination therapy groups. Furthermore, another group involving 10 healthy individuals was formed as the control group. Instruments included Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory and Hamilton’s Rating Scale. To measure the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body, a 24-hour urine test was performed. Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The results showed that relaxation therapy, drug therapy and combination therapy are significantly effective in reducing anxiety levels. But there were not significant differences between the three methods. In addition, there was a significant relationship between levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and anxiety, and between treatment methods and reduction in the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Conclusion: The results indicated that methods of relaxation and drug therapy and combination of them are effective on reduction of anxiety and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in the body. So, relaxation can be used instead of anti-anxiety drugs having side effects on the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several factors, such as nutrition, body mass index and physical activity, are involved in the incidence of osteoporosis. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the pattern of nutrition, physical activity level and body mass index in women with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: 100 osteoporotic patients participated in this research. The patients were classified based on their body mass index and physical activity level. Daily intake of nutrients was evaluated using Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24 hour recall. Questionnaires and data were analyzed in DFP and SPSS.13 softwares using the sample t-test and Spearman-correlation. Results: According to the results, 50.5% of the patients were in the overweight and obese groups and 89% of them had low activity or were inactive. Average consumption of zinc, magnesium and copper in all age groups and average consumption of calcium in women older than 51 years was significantly less than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA)(P<0.001). However, the average consumption of phosphorus, iron, and vitamin C in all age groups was significantly higher than RDA (P<0.001). Conclusion: The result showed that obesity and low activity are common in osteoporotic patients. The intake of the nutrients with positive effects on the bone density is less than the standards recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several factors, such as nutrition, body mass index and physical activity, are involved in the incidence of osteoporosis. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the pattern of nutrition, physical activity level and body mass index in women with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: 100 osteoporotic patients participated in this research. The patients were classified based on their body mass index and physical activity level. Daily intake of nutrients was evaluated using Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24 hour recall. Questionnaires and data were analyzed in DFP and SPSS.13 softwares using the sample t-test and Spearman-correlation. Results: According to the results, 50.5% of the patients were in the overweight and obese groups and 89% of them had low activity or were inactive. Average consumption of zinc, magnesium and copper in all age groups and average consumption of calcium in women older than 51 years was significantly less than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA)(P<0.001). However, the average consumption of phosphorus, iron, and vitamin C in all age groups was significantly higher than RDA (P<0.001). Conclusion: The result showed that obesity and low activity are common in osteoporotic patients. The intake of the nutrients with positive effects on the bone density is less than the standards recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]