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Background & Aims Nurses on the frontline of fight against COVID-19 faced with many stressors. The unpredictability of the situation and the seriousness of the risk can lead to intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in them. Nurses with IU perceive uncertainties about COVID-19 as distressing and stressful, and experience severe anxiety and worry. Anxiety in such situations leads to cognitive avoidance, rumination or other maladaptive coping strategies. The present study aims to determine the IU status during the COVID-19 pandemic in nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 240 nurses working in the coronavirus wards of teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, whowere selected by a census sampling method and based on the inclusion criteria. A demographic form and Freeston et al.’s intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS) were completed by them. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean score of IU was 62.58±20.36. The stress dimension of IUS showed the highest score (2.49±0.78) while the dimension of inability to take action showed the lowest score (2.15±0.80). The COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with IU (P=0.048). Conclusion The nurses working in the coronavirus wards of selected teaching hospitals had IU during the COVID-19 pandemic such that they had more IU regarding stress, but the amount of IU was not so high that can make them unable to perform their duties. Providing education to nurses on how to break the cycle of anxiety and IU, changing their beliefs about IU, reducing their negative orientation to problems, controlling and monitoring their performance, and facilitating the provision of care can help optimize nursing care and achieve quality patient care during health-related crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Some studies have reported a high risk of metabolic syndrome among women and night shift workers. This study aims to determine the status of metabolic syndrome laboratory indicators and thyroid function tests in nurses working in Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical, & Research Center (RCMRC) in Tehran, Iran, in 2020-2021. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on the health records of nurses working in RCMRC. The sampling was done using a census method. Records with incomplete information were excluded. A form containing demographic characteristics, thyroid function indicators, and metabolic syndrome laboratory indicators was used to collect data from the health records. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 26. Results Out of 401 reviewed records, 339 cases (84.5%) were for female nurses. The mean age of nurses was 37.47±8.68 years, and their mean work experience was 13.17±8.07 years. According to the criteria of the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the prevalence of abnormalities in metabolic syndrome laboratory tests was 5.21%, while according to the National Cholesterol Education Program III criteria, it was 2.99%. The prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 0.2%; subclinical hypothyroidism, 12.0%; and subclinical hyperthyroidism, 1.5%. Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and thyroid disorders among nurses working in RCMRC is not considerable. Further large-scale studies (cohort or longitudinal) are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims One of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic was its impact on marital relations. In health workers, including midwives, who have longer and more contact with mothers who may be infected with COVID-19, the fear of transmitting the virus to their partners is more. This fear can affect their personal lives, including sexual relationships and sexual health. This study aims to determine the relationship of the fear of COVID-19 with sexual function and sexual satisfaction in midwives working in teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 midwives working in teaching affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. They were selected using a census method from May 13 to August 6, 2022. Data collection tools included a demographic/ COVID-19-related form, Ahurso’s fear of COVID-19 scale, female sexual function index (FSFI) and sexual satisfaction index. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24. Results The mean age of participants was 32.21±6.27 years. Most of them had a bachelor’s degree. Sexual satisfaction had no significant relationship with any demographic factors (P>0.05). There was a negative and significant correlation (weak) between fear of COVID-19 and sexual satisfaction (r=-0.214, P=0.019). Also, there was a negative and significant correlation (moderate) between the fear of COVID-19 and sexual function (r=-0.450, P<0.001). Conclusion It seems that the fear of COVID-19 is related to sexual function and sexual satisfaction of Iranian married midwives. Therefore, during similar pandemics in the future, midwives need support such as receiving more personal protective equipment and stress management and resilience training workshops . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Providing quality nursing care has always been the main concern of nurses. Clinical competence and moral courage are effective factors in providing quality nursing care. The present study aims to determine the relationship between clinical competency and moral courage in Iranian nurses. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2022 on 123 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data collection tools were Sekarka et al.’s moral courage questionnaire, Liu et al.’s competency inventory for registered nurses, and a demographic form. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation test in SPSS software, version 16. Results The mean scores of clinical competency and moral courage scores were 151.18±22.32 and 59.56±7.47, respectively, indicating a moderate clinical competency and high moral courage. There was a significant and positive (weak) relationship between moral courage and clinical competency (r=0.272, P=0.001). Conclusion Due to the moderate clinical competency of nurses, educational workshops are recommended to improve their clinical competence. Moreover, since there is a weak relationship between clinical competency and moral courage of nurses, factors other than clinical competence may be related to moral courage, which requires further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Patients with leukemia face mental distress that can affect their hope. One of the effective components in measuring psychological well-being is illness perception, which refers to the cognitive evaluation and understanding of a medical condition. This study aims to determine the relationship between illness perception and hope in patients with leukemia hospitalized in selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 200 patients with leukemia hospitalized in selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Broadbent et al.’s brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) and Snyder’s adult hope scale (AHS). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance. Results The mean total score of BIPQ was 37.45±9.10 and the mean total score of AHS was 32.39±1.88. There was negative and significant correlation between illness perception and hope (r=-0.489, P<0.001). Conclusion A more positive perception of leukemia can improve the hope of patients. It is recommended to implement interventions to create a positive illness perception in these patients to increase their hope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims The spread of COVID-19 pandemic caused anxiety in the medical staff, especially nurses, which contributed to many physical and mental problems in them. The relationship between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19-related anxiety is still unknown. This study aims to measure the relationship between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19-related anxiety in nurses, and find the related factors. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2021 on 120 male and female nurses working in one of the hospitals affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done using a stratified and random sampling method for three months. The cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI) and the corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS) were employed to collect data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 23, using independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation test. Results The mean total score of CDAS was 21.09±3.96, ranged from 12 to 32. The mean total score of CFI was 52.78±9.97, ranged from 30 to 81. Based on Pearson’s correlation test results, there was no significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19-related anxiety (P>0.05). The mean scores of CFI and CDAS were not significantly different based on age, number of children, work experience, physical activity level, and educational level; however, nurses with permanent employment (P=0.007) and female nurses (P=0.03) had higher cognitive flexibility, and married nurses had lower anxiety (P=0.021). Conclusion There is no significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19-related anxiety in nurses. The personality traits such as cognitive flexibility is not enough to reduce the high level of anxiety caused the pandemics such as COVID-19 and it requires multiple measures and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims One of the reasons for leaving the job among nurses can be the lack of career adaptability, which refers to ability to cope with changes in working conditions. This study aims to determine the relationship between career adaptability and the intention to stay in job among nurses working in critical care units of teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2022-2023 in critical care units of seven hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Participants were 220 nurses working in these units with at least 6 months of work experience, who selected by a stratified sampling method from different working shifts. Data collection was done online using a demographic form, the career adapt-abilities scale (with four dimensions of concern, control, curiosity, confidence), and an intention to stay in job questionnaire (with three dimensions of adaptation, sacrifice, communication). Descriptive statistics (Mean±SD, frequency, percentage) were used to describe the data, while Pearson’s correlation test and regression analysis were used to assess the relationships between the study variables. Results The mean total score of career adaptability was 2.98±0.98 and the mean total score of intention to stay was 3.02±1. Among the dimensions of career adaptability, the highest average was related to concern (3.05±1.14) and the lowest score was related to curiosity (2.92±1.09). Among the dimensions of intention to stay, the highest score was related to sacrifice (3.06±1.09) and the lowest score was related to adaptability (2.98±1.1). A positive and significant relationship was found between career adaptability and the intention to stay in job (r=0.43, P<0.05). Conclusion Career adaptability, especially its curiosity dimension, has a significant relationship the intention to stay in job among nurses working in critical care units. By addressing different dimensions of career adaptability in nurses, hospital managers can be able to safeguard nurse retention in hospitals and mitigate nurse turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Azoospermia (lack of sperm in ejaculation) is one of the most severe types of infertility in men, due to various defects in the sperm production process or the testicular system . Azoospermia disease is caused by either obstructive mechanism (Obstructive azoospermia-OA) due to blockages in the natural sperm production system, or non-obstructive mechanism (NOA- Non obstructive azoospermia) due to defects in testicular sperm production, with over 60% of infertile men being afflicted with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Treatment with busulfan may have adverse effects on various organs such as reproductive organs. Based on the understanding of hormonal control of sperm production, several drugs such as gonadotropins, androgens, estrogen receptor blockers, and aromatase inhibitors are used as experimental treatments for idiopathic male infertility. Letrozole, as an aromatase inhibitor, has been widely used in the treatment of female infertility, because the chemical structure of letrozole includes a triazole group that selectively interacts with the heme group of the enzyme P450arom, thereby reversibly inhibiting its biological activity Limited studies have evaluated the therapeutic potential of Letrozole in male infertility. In addition, excessive consumption of chemical drugs causes changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (TOS) and the stability of oxidative status (TAC) in the ROS pathway, leading to an imbalance between antioxidants and oxidants, resulting in oxidative stress. This phenomenon has led researchers towards the use of herbal medicines, which naturally have fewer side effects. Crocin has been identified as the main active biological component in saffron. Crocins are a type of water-soluble carotenoids that are either mono- or diglycosyl polyene esters, where D-gentiobiose and/or D-glucose appear as carbohydrate residues. A carotenoid with a 20-carbon dicarboxylic structure. Saffron contains various carotenoid chemicals that include small amounts of crocin, alpha and beta carotene, and lycopene. Six different forms of glycosylated esters from the crocin family have been found in saffron. Trans-crocins 3 and 4 are the most common analogs of crocins, which include crocins 1-4, and are essentially the glycosides of trans-crocin in saffron. Crocin can act as an antioxidant and improve the quality of sperm through increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. Therefore, phytoestrogens such as crocin bind to testicular estrogen receptors and stimulate spermatogenesis by strategies like increasing epithelial layers and the diameter of seminiferous tubules and lumen. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of letrozole and crocin on the changes of antioxidant enzymes and testosterone hormone synthesis in the induction of spermatogenesis in azoospermia model mice with busulfan using ELISA technique. Methods: In this clinical trial, crocin and letrozole drugs were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. 30 male Wistar mice weighing 180-220 grams and aged approximately 8-10 weeks were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and transferred to the laboratory. They were kept under new conditions (at a temperature of 22-24 degrees Celsius, relative humidity of 55-60%, with a 12- hour light-dark cycle). To halt spermatogenesis and induce azoospermia, a dose of 10 mg/kg of busulfan was injected intraperitoneally for 10 days. Finally, the rats were divided into 5 groups of 6: the control group was injected with normal saline and citrate buffer inside the hemocoel; the treatment group received a single dose of 10 mg busulfan intra protanealat at a volume of 1.0 mL for 10 days; the treatment group was administered with a single dose of 10 mg busulfan intra protanealat at a volume of 1.0 mL, along with 5 mg letrozole with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) as the solvent; the treatment group received 15 mg crocin extract with normal saline, along with a single dose of 10 mg busulfan intra protanealat a volume of 1.0 mL; and the treatment group was given a single dose of 10 mg busulfan intra protanealat at a volume of 1.0 mL, along with 5 mg letrozole with BSF as the solvent, and 15 mg crocin extract with normal saline and underwent histopathological, histochemical immunological, and hormonal analyses. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the means in the study groups (P <0.05), and statistically significant differences were considered. Graphs were also plotted using Graph Prism software. Results: The results demonstrated that the simultaneous treatment of letrozole and crocin increased spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids; Sertoli and Leydig cells were also enhanced. Additionally, letrozole and crocin treatment led to the preservation of the thickness of the basement membrane and the germinal epithelium of testicular tissue; the inner and outer diameters of the tubules were increased. While in the azoospermia group treated with letrozole or crocin, this level of population destruction was somewhat reduced; however, the use of letrozole or crocin in the study groups did not show a significant difference in the inner and outer diameter of the tubules. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in the activity of the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) enzyme activity and testosterone hormone levels in the group treated with letrozole + crosine compared to the azoospermia group; however, a significant decrease was found in the letrozole or crosine treatment group compared to the control group, while the Total Oxidant Status (TOS) enzyme activity in the letrozol+crosine treatment group showed a significant decrease compared to the azoospermia group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Some of the improvements in sperm parameters can be attributed to the antioxidant properties of crocin. It seems that sperm lose a large volume of their cytoplasm due to lack of antioxidants during spermatogenesis and become more sensitive to increases in ROS. These results indicate that crocin can act as an antioxidant and enhance sperm quality by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. Therefore, the use of a plant-derived antioxidant like crocin appears necessary without any side effects and with essential strengthening effects. Crocin can likely act as an antioxidant and potentially improve sperm quality due to its antioxidant activity. Additionally, it has been found that letrozole improves spermatogenesis without causing any observable pathological changes in testicular tissue. According to the studies of Ribeiro et al, Uzun et al, and Shoshany and colleagues, letrozole reversibly inhibits the aromatase enzyme and prevents the conversion of androgen precursors to estradiol in adipose tissue. Moreover, crocin can neutralize the negative effects of oxidative stress and increase cell ability to overcome oxidative stress conditions by preventing glutathione reduction and increasing antioxidant capacity. One of the limitations of the research can be attributed to the lack of studies and sample restrictions, as well as the death of mice during the experimental process. Further investigations and focusing on the precise dosage of crocin, along with attention to the relevant mechanisms of action, seem essential. Overall, crocin has antioxidant and defensive effects, improves the quality of some sperms, and increases morphology, viability, motility, and natural count. In fact, testosterone regulates the secretion of LH hormone from the anterior pituitary gland through a negative feedback mechanism. Busulfan induced apoptosis in germinal epithelial cells and co-administration of letrozole and crocin reduced busulfan-induced apoptosis leading to infertility; therefore, a rational relationship between apoptosis of spermatogonia in response to busulfan exposure can be obtained. It can be suggested that crocin, one of the key components of saffron, acts as a potent antioxidant that can prevent the toxic effects of busulfan and DNA damage that may occur due to oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: A number of clinical studies have shown that probiotics affect mental health and brain function by acting through the intestinal and brain axes. Therefore, intestinal microbiota can be an important target for the effect of probiotics on anxiety behavior that has been considered in this study. Evidence gathered in recent years has shown that gastrointestinal disorders are associated with mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Some influential traits such as intestinal microbiota composition, hormones, and epigenetic traits are influenced by host age, environment, genetic traits, and sex. Both males and females have similar patterns in terms of nutritional demand and intestinal microbiome content. This means that there is instability and changes in the gut microbiota over the course of a lifetime that may be related to a specific age and disease of a sex. In addition, a comparison of the number of intestinal microbiota at different stages of development (meaning from birth to old age) has been shown. Brain development during pregnancy is affected by the mother's experience and exposure to stress. Maternal prenatal stress alters brain development and increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiple levels of pregnancy stress mechanisms (brain, placenta, and maternal physiology) and their association with cellular stress mechanisms can have dangerous consequences for the child during puberty. The factors of heat shock and oxidative stress are closely related and converge with inflammation, hormones and cell growth, which are considered as the basis of pregnancy stress risk. Growing evidence suggests that cellular stress mechanisms are involved in neuropsychiatric disorders related to gestational stress, including emotional disorders, schizophrenia, and psychiatric disorders as the child matures. Heat shock and oxidative stress factors are also associated with mechanisms involved in other types of pregnancy stress, including exposure to external factors such as environmental toxins and internal disorders such as preeclampsia. An integrated understanding of growth neurobiology with these cellular and physiological mechanisms is essential to reduce risks and promote healthy brain growth (1). Sterile microorganism-free mice differed from normal mice in their response to central nerve chemistry stress and the reduction in anxiety response (2). Such information suggests that the specific regulation of gastric microbiota may be a useful strategy for stress-related disorders and for modulating the co-morbidities of intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (3). Stress-related disorders can also alter the intestinal barrier and cause intestinal leakage, which can lead to a microbiota-induced pro-inflammatory reaction by transferring some bacterial products from the intestine (4). For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by intestinal bacteria can increase immune responses in depressed people (5). Epidemiological studies have shown that some groups of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, are associated with depression and anxiety (6). Probiotics are specific microorganisms, which are used in certain numbers and improve a person's health. Studies have shown that these products can increase the existing immunity and reduce the risk of various diseases. These products reduce blood cholesterol and have anti-tumor activity (7). In this study, the effect of probiotic use by female mice during pregnancy and lactation on anxiety behavior in the acute stress model of next-generation adult female BALB / C mice was examined to determine whether probiotic use could reduce oxidative stress from acute stress or not. Methods: The present study was performed experimentally, interventional, and as a case-control study. For this purpose, 20 adult mice were prepared. The prepared mice consisted of 5 males and 15 females that were kept in 5 cages by placing 1: F, 3: M in each cage and numbering on each cage. The rats were compromised for two weeks, during which time the animals were given free food. The animals mated to get the next generation. The next stage of pregnancy is the mouse, which lasted for three weeks. In both treatment groups, the mother was given probiotics from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation. In the Pro-dam treatment group, offspring whose mothers were treated with probiotics were exposed to foot shock, but in the Pro-Dam-off treatment group, in addition to mothers, their offspring were treated with probiotics after weaning and in were exposed to foot shock stress. From female offspring, 36 female mice were randomly selected. (6 mice in each group) Therefore, the offspring were randomly divided into 6 groups: Intact, Control, Sham-Dam-off, Sham dam Pro-Dam-off, and Pro-Dam for the next experiments. Electric foot shocks of 0.6 mA were applied for 1 second with an interval of 30 seconds for 1 hour. Two hours after the end of the above protocol, the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed and blood and serum were prepared from their hearts. Is the use of the spectroscopy technique. For this purpose, a ready-made kit purchased from Navand salamat Company (46 pieces) was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad software. One way ANOVA test was used for comparison between groups, in case of normal distribution of data Consumption of probiotics during pregnancy and lactation may alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, which also affects the antioxidant system of children and increases their total serum antioxidant levels. Results: Comparison of total serum antioxidant levels in control and Intact groups. Stress due to electric shock to the foot has reduced this capacity in the control group compared to the Intact group. Comparing the level of total serum antioxidants between the group of mothers who took probiotics and the control group shows a significant increase. Also compared to the sham-dam group, probiotic consumption was able to raise this total serum antioxidant to a higher level. The pro-dam-off group also significantly increased this parameter compared to the control group and not with its solvent. Conclusion: Because probiotics during pregnancy and lactation alter the microbial flora of the mother's gut and increase the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, this effect may also affect the baby's antioxidant system and increase total antioxidant levels and has also increased the level of total serum antioxidants in offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today, cancer is considered one of the most important health problems around the world and its prevalence is growing in industrialized countries. If the prevalence of cancer increases in this way, according to the United Nations estimate, 1 out of 5 people will definitely get one of the forms of cancer. Cancer is the second cause of death in the world after cardiovascular diseases (1). Cancer has gained great importance among chronic childhood diseases; Because the rate of prevalence is high and it has a great impact on the life of the child and the family. Also, the damage to cancer patients is summarized in two dimensions: the physical dimension and the psychological dimension, which researchers have less focused on the psychological dimension of this disease, while this dimension leads to the deterioration of the weak body of the patients. The emotional and psychological effects that a child's cancer leaves in the family are sometimes more debilitating than the physical nature of the disease (2). This group of children is highly exposed to emotional disorders (3). One of the stressful aspects of cancer for affected children is that they lose their body image and attractiveness, or a deformity in their body image may have adverse effects on their lives (4). Teaching spiritual intelligence and therapy based on acceptance-commitment have beneficial effects on the education and social life of children with cancer and this point has been confirmed in various researches, but with the investigations carried out to determine the effectiveness of these skills on the body image of children with cancer Cancer has not been researched; Therefore, ignoring the effect of teaching these skills on the research variables can be a gap in the research literature.Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptancecommitment therapy and spiritual intelligence training on the body image of children with cancer. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group and a one-month follow-up, and its statistical population consisted of children with cancer who were hospitalized in the pediatric department of Tehran medical centers in 1402. who were in the age range of 9- 13 years. Among these people, 30 people were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups (20 people in two experimental groups, 10 people in the control group). To collect data, the body image questionnaire of Littleton, Aksam and Puri (2005) was used. The method of collecting information was that he first went to the children's department of the medical centers in Tehran and after making the necessary arrangements with the department, which according to the staff report and weekly admission statistics, approximately 150 children were admitted to the families of the children. And among about 65 people who were willing to cooperate, about 30 children aged 9-13 with cancer (which included the criteria for entering the research) who were hospitalized were selected by available sampling method and randomly selected in We made two experimental groups and a control group, in which 10 people were assigned to each group. And the implementation method is that after selecting the subjects and replacing them in two experimental groups and a control group and performing the pretest, experimental group 1, during one period, for 8 sessions, two sessions a week and each session to 45 minutes exposed to the independent variable (commitment and acceptance-based therapy group training) and experimental group 2, during one period, for 8 sessions, two sessions a week and each session for 45 minutes exposed to the independent variable (spiritual intelligence group training) were placed. To analyze the data, within-group analysis of variance with repeated measurements and block multivariate analysis of variance were performed. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants in the treatment based on acceptance and commitment were 10.90 and 1.19, respectively, in the spiritual intelligence training group, 10.40 and 0.84, and in the control group, 10.80 and 1.22. The mean and standard deviation of the history of disorders in the participants in acceptance and commitment-based therapy were 13.80 and 5.01, respectively, and in the spiritual intelligence training group, 16.10 and 4.99, and in the control group, 16.80 and 5.22. The results of the present study showed that acceptance-commitment-based therapy and spiritual intelligence training have an effect on the body image of children with cancer, and there is no difference between the effectiveness of acceptance-commitment-based therapy and spiritual intelligence training on the body image of children with cancer. Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of treatment based on acceptance-commitment and spiritual intelligence training, it is suggested to use these two treatments to reduce the problems of children with cancer. According to the results of the research, it seems that in acceptance-commitment-based therapy, a person with a negative body image becomes psychologically aware of the values identified during the treatment, including his physical condition, and through reducing rumination, increasing acceptance, reducing cognitive and emotional dysfunction can affect the improvement of your body image. Also, in the training of spiritual intelligence, in addition to flexibility, this type of treatment increases self-awareness and a deeper look at life; As a result, people consider goals beyond the material world for themselves, which reduces personal dissatisfaction and concern about body image. This important thing can help children with cancer to reduce dissatisfaction with their body image by increasing their spiritual intelligence and instead of focusing on physical dimensions and body image, they can pay attention to other transcendental aspects of their existence. Therefore, treatment based on acceptance-commitment and spiritual intelligence is effective in reducing psychological symptoms caused by cancer in affected children. It is suggested that counseling centers, psychotherapy and hospitals use affordable and available group treatments such as third wave treatments in order to improve the psychological functions of cancer patients as much as possible. Therefore, the acceptance-commitment approach and spiritual intelligence can be used as a suitable intervention in order to improve the ability of patients to adapt to the cancer crisis and reduce the psychological complications caused by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Tokophobia is a pathological fear of childbirth that may impact the physical and mental well-being of both the mother and the infant (1). This condition can occur in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and even in men, and may be either primary or secondary, resulting from traumatic childbirth experiences or onset during adolescence (2). Women with tokophobia may face psychological issues, postpartum depression, and challenges in accepting specialized care for newborns during pregnancy (3). They may experience feelings of isolation, guilt, and shame, and encounter difficulties in preparing for childbirth (4). Therefore, women with a fear of childbirth have various needs that require serious attention from maternal care services (5). Psychotherapy groups have been recognized as an effective method for treating this fear (6). Interventions such as psychosexual education and cognitive-behavioral therapy can help reduce the number of women requesting cesarean sections due to non-medical fear of childbirth (7). Additionally, receiving individualized care during pregnancy and postpartum is crucial for women with tokophobia (8). Schema therapy is a comprehensive approach that combines cognitive theory and developmental concepts. This approach focuses on early childhood experiences and the cognitive schemas derived from them, examining their impact throughout an individual's life (9). Schema therapy aims to identify and address maladaptive patterns in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects (10). Further research is needed to more precisely determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in treating tokophobia (1, 11). Therefore, the present study aimed to answer the question of whether the effectiveness of general schema therapy and schema therapy specifically tailored for women with tokophobia is the same in reducing the symptoms of fear of childbirth in primiparous women in Isfahan? Methods: This study was a semi-experimental research with a control group, including pretest, post-test, and follow-up, conducted in the population of primiparous women with tokophobia in Isfahan in the year 2023. Following Kok's recommendation (2002) for sample size determination in experimental research (12), 45 subjects were purposefully selected and, after matching based on the criteria for entering the study, including obtaining a minimum score (30 and above) on the Tokophobia Questionnaire (13), no history of fetal abortion and curettage, and absence of more than three sessions of absence from treatment sessions, were randomly assigned to three 15-person groups: general schema therapy, schema therapy specifically tailored for women with tokophobia, and the control group. In this research, the control group, general schema therapy group, and specifically tailored schema therapy group were replaced by the standard general schema therapy. The general schema therapy group participated in 12 group training sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, according to the protocol developed by Young et al. (2003) (14). The specifically tailored schema therapy group for women with tokophobia also underwent 12 one-hour sessions of schema therapy developed based on the needs of pregnant women with tokophobia. It is worth mentioning that the specifically tailored schema therapy package for women with tokophobia was developed based on the process of development and initial trial reliability and relied on credible sources. The agreement reached by the judges regarding the structure of treatment, duration of treatment, length of each session, content adequacy, and practicality of this treatment was 82.0. Also, in a pilot study on a group of eight, the executive and operational reliability and practicality of the specifically tailored schema therapy package for women with tokophobia were examined and confirmed. To observe ethical principles, the research was approved by the Research Committee of the University with the ethics code IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1401.028, and the clinical trial code IRCT20211229053565N1 was obtained. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the SPSS-28 statistical software. The Stoll et al. (2016) 10-item questionnaire was used to measure tokophobia (15). Higher scores on this questionnaire indicate higher fear of childbirth, and lower scores indicate lower fear of childbirth. The reliability of this tool was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha method, and it was 79.6 for the entire questionnaire and 86.0 for the fear of pain and complications subscale, and 82.6 for the fear of physical changes subscale (16). Results: Examination of demographic data showed no significant differences in age and duration of marriage in the research groups. The assumption of normality in the ShapiroWilk test for tokophobia scores was not significant (p>0.05), and the distribution of the present variables was normal. The calculated F value in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages was not significant. The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that general schema therapy and schema therapy specifically tailored for women with tokophobia had a significant effect on reducing tokophobia severity in primiparous women with tokophobia. Therefore, for the comparison of research groups, the Bonferroni test for pairwise comparison of groups also showed a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the general schema therapy and specifically tailored schema therapy groups for women with tokophobia (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that both schema therapy and schema therapy specifically tailored for women with tokophobia have a significant impact on reducing the severity of tokophobia symptoms in primiparous women in Isfahan. These results indicate that the use of these two therapeutic approaches can help improve the condition of women with tokophobia and have a positive effect on reducing the fear of childbirth. Additionally, the results show a significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group, suggesting that therapeutic intervention can be more effective in reducing tokophobia severity in primiparous women compared to no intervention. However, no significant difference was observed between the general schema therapy and specifically tailored schema therapy groups. This may indicate that both therapeutic approaches have acted similarly in reducing the severity of tokophobia in women with this disorder, and no significant noticeable difference was observed between these two methods. Overall, the results indicate that both general schema therapy and specifically tailored schema therapy can be effective in reducing the severity of tokophobia in primiparous women. In this regard, it can be stated that schema therapy, by reducing ineffective coping mechanisms, allows patients to effectively manage their phobias related to childbirth and pregnancy. These results can serve as a guide for designing and implementing therapeutic programs to improve the condition of individuals with tokophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Trust means having confidence in the intentions and actions of others and is considered a key factor in the new mutual relations between leaders and employees. Trust in the organization plays an important role in achieving its goals. Under the conditions of complexity and uncertainty, it will be possible to maintain effective cooperation only when the communication is clear and this happens when there is mutual trust and confidence. Trust in itself will bring loyalty, and a loyal workforce is willing to work beyond the prescribed duties in their job description. Management is one of the most important human endeavors in human social life. Human societies consist of a set of organizations with different goals, each of which performs a task. When the society reaches the desired goals, when all the organizations achieve the organizational goals by carrying out tasks and plans. In all organizations, the most important pillar that is effective in achieving the goals is management. Undoubtedly, at the dawn of the new century, when organizations, especially educational institutions, face the environment of global competition, the need for radical changes is always felt; The global competitive force has forced today's organizations to adopt new working methods after decades of continuing their fixed work methods and procedures, so that the organizations do not have work stability and a kind of stability. Also, in the last two decades, new approaches in the field of leadership have emerged in organizations, which researchers call neo-charismatic theories of leadership and also inspirational approaches in the field of leadership. These types of leaders are people who create motivation and energy in their followers and inspire them through their speech, thoughts, and behaviors. The main emphasis of inspirational leadership is on creating a vision, communicating and transferring it to the followers, and empowering them by the leader in order to realize and implement this vision. At the level of higher education, it is clear that for survival and sustainability, it must explore the future and future opportunities and determine its place in the future by designing a coherent program that takes place through vision. Certainly, this is done through inspiration, which by creating these visions encourages its followers to achieve them. At the national level, it is also obvious that every country that intends to build a guaranteed future with prosperity and progress for its nation needs leaders who, with high insight, create a vision to improve organizational trust, and both government officials and Empower citizens to achieve this vision. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer the question that does inspirational leadership have an effect on improving the organizational trust of the academic staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In terms of the purpose, this research was a descriptive-survey type of application, and the statistical population included all academic members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, which was equal to 484 people. Based on the Krejci-Morgan table, 214 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method according to gender. In order to collect data, standard questionnaires of inspirational leadership that Bass and Avalio, and organizational trust by Payne (2003) were used. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations of data were used using SPSS21 and PLS software. Results: The results showed that; Inspirational leadership has a significant and positive effect on the organizational trust of the faculty members of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The influence of inspirational leadership in promoting the organizational trust of the academic staff has been validated. Conclusion: In general, it seems that the development of an inspirational leadership model can be considered a suitable solution to increase and improve the level of organizational trust in educational organizations. In general, the research on social sciences and humanities has a special complexity and imposes many limitations on researchers in conducting research. These limitations include time, human, social and economic limitations that cause problems in conducting research. This research, like other research and studies, has faced limitations. Among these limitations, we can mention the following: The variables of the research have a qualitative state, which is considered a limitation. The intelligence, interest, scientific, and specialized ability of the subjects also had an effect on their answering process. The economic, social, and cultural characteristics have had an effect on the response process of the research subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Paying attention to the factors affecting successful education has been the focus of education experts and the higher education system for years, and academic stress is one of the important factors that affect students' learning (1). Academic stress, if it intensifies or continues, causes problems for people in the field of mental health and wellbeing (5). In the same direction, the study of Bahraini et al. (2016) has shown that the level of wellbeing experienced is one of the basic components in proper performance (7). Lambo and Snodgrass (2017) believes that in general, the feeling of well-being includes perceptions of a correct emotional understanding of the current situation and adaptive psychological feedback and even spiritual references (8) that this appropriate level of well-being leads to the creation of adaptation in psychological responses. It becomes emotional and behavioral (9). People with a high sense of well-being experience positive emotions and have a positive evaluation of the incidents and events around them (11), according to this, mental well-being includes the cognitive values of people from their lives, and mental well-being makes it possible to close people and their conditions. Valued their expectations, values and previous experiences (12). Perceived academic stress is one of the fruitful and successful factors in the academic life of learners (16). In addition, the level of stress experience depends on cognitive and behavioral factors, and the level of neuropsychological performance will play a significant role in the organization and cognitive-behavioral responses (17). Neurocognitive performance is a set of superior abilities of organization and integration, which are related at the neuro-anatomical level with different pathways of neural interaction such as the prefrontal cortex (18) and include predicting and creating goals, planning, self-regulation and Goal monitoring, effective implementation and feedback of plans, working memory, etc. are critical for independent, purposeful activity and successful adaptation (19). In the context of the role of neurocognitive function in cognitive factors such as adolescent well-being, Nunn et al. (2016) concluded that better neurocognitive function facilitates the use of new assessments for adolescents and adolescents who rely on new assessments. provide more cognitive resources to help their sustained attention, which leads to better regulation of situations in their daily lives. Also, Kong and Lim (2021) found that there is a two-way and significant relationship between academic stress, generosity, difficulty of neuropsychological functioning and media addiction (17). In past researches, there has been no study on perceived academic stress based on cognitive dimensions, including neuropsychological function and sense of well-being. Therefore, in order to solve the existing gap among the studies, the question of this research is whether there is relationship between neuropsychological function and sense of well-being with perceived academic stress in high school students? Methods: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research was made up of all 650 female secondary school students of the 10th grade in 13 public schools of Babol city in the academic year of 1401-1400. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, with the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, the number of 250 female students was divided into two clusters. They were selected step by step. In order to collect data, questionnaires of perceived academic stress by Zazhakova et al. (2005), neurocognitive function of Nejati (2013) and feelings of psychological well-being by Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) were used. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used with SPSS version 26 software. Results: Based on the results, there is a negative relationship between neuropsychological function and feeling of well-being with perceived academic stress (P<0.05). Also, the regression analysis showed that neuropsychological function (-0.256) and sense of wellbeing (-0.187) in students can significantly predict perceived academic stress. Conclusion: According to the results of the analysis, neuropsychological function and sense of well-being can predict perceived academic stress in students. These results are in line with the findings of Amiri Largani et al. (1400) (14), Abbas Mofard et al. (1400) (26), Ferire et al. (2019) (1), Cumming et al. (2019) (22) is It can be explained in this way that students who have poor neuropsychological performance in the areas of concentration, attention and planning to do academic assignments, they see their personal goals and desires in danger during their activities, and these conditions bring constant anxiety and stress to them. and they consider failure to achieve desired results as losing the results of personal activities and also moving away from achieving their goals, which can cause emotional reactions and stress in them (27). But the students who have proper neuropsychological function along with getting incentives, are less stressed than the students who have less internal motivations. Because by anticipating unfavorable results, they only lose external incentives and approval from others (28). Also, in explaining the results related to the role of feeling of well-being on reducing perceived academic stress, it can be explained that feeling of well-being is an embodied phenomenon and the result of psychological, environmental causes and the ability of the executive control system to prevent the interference of thoughts unrelated to the current task. On the other hand, the feeling of well-being occurs when the student's attention is diverted from focusing on the current task to thoughts related to it, as a result of doing the task, he encounters side errors, which causes him to experience less perceived academic stress (31). ). People who have more mental alertness, are more aware of their thought process and have more autonomy in their choices or decisions, and also have less doubts about things. Determining the relationship between neuropsychological performance and the feeling of well-being with students' academic stress can be a guide for educational planners and officials to improve the strategies presented to reduce behavioral, cognitive and emotional motivational problems in educational centers and institutions. especially in the field of academic stress. The statistical community of the research raises limitations in the field of generalization of findings, interpretations and etiological documents of the studied variables that should be considered. The sample under investigation was secondary school female students, and caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings to other populations. It is suggested that school teachers and counselors use educational methods to improve cognitive status, such as cognitive and metacognitive strategies, as well as developing educational programs such as meditation, using self-regulation mechanisms and active memory before exams and stressful academic conditions during academic year, in addition to reducing the perceived academic stress, they can lead to an increase in mindfulness in students. The findings of the present study showed that neuropsychological function and sense of well-being play an important role in the level of perceived academic stress in secondary school students. Therefore, targeting these components in psychological training and treatment can be effective in reducing students' academic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Despite the significant impact of immunosuppressive drugs on controlling and treating certain diseases, their continued use can predispose patients to infectious diseases such as COVID-19, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This study aims to determine the levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms in patients treated with immunosuppressive drug during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 individuals treated with immunosuppressive drug such as those with autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant recipients in Firoozgar and Rasoul-e-Akram hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from July to December 2022. They were selected using a continuous sampling method. The instruments were a demographic/disease related questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation test) statistics. Results In this study, the mean age of participants was 51.35±12.95 years, and 148 (44.8%) were female. The majority of the patients had normal levels of anxiety and depression (91.2% and 92.1%, respectively). The mean total IES-R score was 27.71 out of 88. The anxiety and depression scores did not have a significant relationship with any demographic, disease-related, and COVID-related characteristics of the study participants, but a significant correlation between income level and total score of IES-R was observed (P=0.043). Conclusion The individuals receiving immunosuppressive drugs in this study, despite being susceptible to COVID-19, had normal levels of anxiety and depression and obtained lower than average score in the IES-R. This finding can reduce the concerns about the mental health of these patients. Further studies using other questionnaires or a qualitative study on the experiences of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Evidence has shown that the inability to regulate and understand emotions causes various behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the effect of an emotion labeling (EL)-based training on the behavioral disorders of children with ASD. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental single-subject study ABA method. Five boys with high functioning autism were purposefully included in the study after one week of sampling in 2022. For each child, the Let’s Face It software was used individually to recognize basic emotion expressions (6 types) in three sessions followed by teaching EL at 8 sessions for 4 weeks, two sessions per week. The data collection tool was a demographic form and the test of behavioral disorders of children with ASD. The collected data at five phases were analyzed in SPSS software, using descriptive statistics, and Friedman’s test. Results According to the result of Friedman test, there was a significant difference between the first and third phases (P=0.037) and the third and fourth phases (P=0.019) of behavioral disorders measurement. The EL training significantly reduced the behavioral disorders of patients (P=0.030). Conclusion It seems that the EL-based training can reduce the behavioral disorders of children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Due to the effects of COVID-9, health care workers, including nurses, faced many psychological challenges, including death anxiety. This study aims to determine the death anxiety level of nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) for COVID-19 patients in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 179 nurses working in the ICUs for COVID-19 patients in two hospitals located in Tehran and Qom cities. Continuous sampling method was used for their selection. Data collection was done using a demographic form and Templer's 15-item death anxiety scale. Results The mean death anxiety score of nurses was 8.74±2.007 out of 15, which is higher than the median score (i.e., 7.5). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the death anxiety score was significantly different between nurses only in terms of age (P=0.000). Tukey's post hoc test showed that the mean DAS score in nurses aged 30-39 was lower than in nurses aged ≥40 years and <30 years. There was no statistically significant difference in death anxiety between nurses in terms of other demographic factors (P>0.05). Conclusion The nurses working in ICUs experienced a high level of death anxiety during the COVID-19 in Iran. It is necessary that the policy makers and educational, medical or hospital managers develop educational and interventional programs including online in-service programs or educational booklets to help nurses overcome the COVID-19-related conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is necessary for pregnant or lactating women which can prevent them from infection to severe case of disease. The present study aims to determine the factors related to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant or lactating women in Zahedan, Iran using the health belief model (HBM). Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 260 pregnant or lactating women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan city in 2022. Sampling method was done as a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done using a demographic form and a HBM-based questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.7. Moreover, the content validity index value was 0.81 and the content validity ratio was 0.77. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation test, and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 22. Results The results of the regression analysis showed that the demographic variables explained 12.6% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only the effect of age and educational level was significant, (P<0.05). The BM constructs along with age and educational level predicted 26.3% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior, where only age, self-efficacy and perceived benefits had a significant effect (P<0.05). Overall, the mentioned variables predicted 38.9% of the variance in vaccine acceptance behavior. Conclusion The factors of young age, high educational level, and the HBM constructs of self-efficacy and perceived benefits can predict the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance behavior of pregnant or lactating women in the South East of Iran. These findings can help policymakers and health care providers to use this model in designing program for improving vaccination acceptance of these high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating respiratory disease and one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. Respiratory support treatments are among the methods for the recovery of these patients. The present study aims to assess the effect of breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy on the fatigue of patients with COPD. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study on 45 patients COPD who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups of breathing exercises (n=15) and chest physiotherapy (n=15) and one control group (n=15). Before and 6 weeks after the intervention, Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale was completed by the patient. Data analysis was done using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square in SPSS software, version 26. Results The mean scores of fatigue severity were significantly different in all groups between pretest and post-test phases (P<0.001). The fatigue severity in the intervention groups was reduced, while it increased in the control group, after intervention. There was no significant difference in fatigue severity among the three groups at baseline, but the difference was significant after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion Considering the reduction in fatigue severity after two supportive treatments, it is recommended that breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy should be used along with drug treatments for patients with COPD to improve their respiratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Suicide and suicidal thoughts among adolescents have become a worrying psychosocial problem. This study aims to evaluate suicidal ideation among adolescents from the west of Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 256 boys and girls were selected from second-grade high schools in the west of Tehran by a convenience sampling method in 2022. The data collection tools were a sociodemographic form and the Beck scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI), which were completed using a self-report method. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance). Results The mean age of the participants was 17.33±0.67 years. The mean score of BSSI was 3.19±5.66 out of 5. Among the sociodemographic factors, suicidal ideation had a statistically significant relationship only with the grade point average (P=0.004). Conclusion It is recommended to design and implement programs to educate and provide psychiatric services to high school students in Iran to reduce their suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Patients suffering from End-stage renal disease (ESRD), which means complete dysfunction of kidneys can experience medical disorders due to important rules of kidneys in Hemostasis and electrolyte balance. In ESRD patients, treated with conventional hemodialysis, cardiac involvement is a serious consequence and is the most important cause of death among ESRD patients. The most common cardiac involvement in these patients is heart failure 'Pericarditis and cardiomyopathy (1). Echocardiography is a powerful tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of these disorders. Structural and functional changes can be detected by Echocardiography. Left ventricular mass, Size of chambers, and size of valves are structural parameters. Left ventricular ejection fraction, Global longitudinal strain are functional parameters. In a study performed by Liu YW, et al, they observed no significant difference in gender, age, and LVEF among groups. Compared with controls, global peak systolic longitudinal strain (GLS), circumferential strain, and strain rate were decreased in the CKD group. Along with the decline of renal function, GLS deteriorated (2).Ventricular systolic function is determined by echocardiographic findings including Ejection fraction and anatomical findings like LV mass. GLS is an echocardiographic parameter that can determine Subclinical heart failure before EF is reduced. In a study done by Krishnasamy et al, it is found that GLS is a superior predictor of heart failure and can be used instead of LVEF. This study aims to determine the effect of Different factors such as Time of hemodialysis, Diabetes, Smoking, Etiology of ESRD, and duration of CKD before ESRD on the severity of heart disease among ESRD patients at first. And we want to find if there is a significant association between LV mass and GLS. Methods: In a cross-sectional study 55 adult patients were enrolled among all of ESRD patients who underwent hemodialysis in Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital of Tehran since September 2021 until August 2022. Complete 2-D, 3-D, M-mode, Doppler and color Doppler study were performed by a single operator for each patient and the abnormalities were recorded. Echocardiographic parameters like LV mass, LVEF, E/e, GLS were calculated. Inclusion criteria are: all the ESRD patients over 18 years old who were referred to echocardiography department for cardiac evaluation as a part of pre operation check-up. Exclusion criteria include: Low quality of Echocardiography images, obvious Arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, pericardial effusion, Infective endocarditis, and serious pulmonary or hepatic disease, Pulmonary artery hypertension (secondary to lung disease). In the beginning, 64 patients were referred but 9 patients were excluded due to having exclusion criteria. And finally, 55peoples were chosen. The procedure was explained to patients, General information like Age, Gender, weight, and height was collected by checklist, and Ethical code no IR.IUMS.REC.1402.106 was registered in Iran university of medical sciences committee of ethics. Echocardiography was performed by Philips IE33 device and X5-1 probe in 2D and 3D echocardiographic images from different views for evaluating size and function of left ventricle and the size and function of valves. Full volume image was performed in an Apical 4 chamber in 7 Beat-Breath hold cycle at first 24 hours after hemodialysis. Volumes and LVEF were calculated by Q-lab image arena software. Apical 4,2,3 chamber views were calculated for detecting left ventricular GLS by cardiac motion quantification (CMQ) method. and data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statics version 26 by 95% meaningfulness. Results: Considering the probable effect of the Time of hemodialysis on the cardiac findings in Echocardiography we evaluate correction between the Time of hemodialysis with LV mass, GLS, and LVEF. In pearson correlate, in SPSS we found a significant relationship between time on hemodialysis and increasing LV mass/BSA (P value<0.01) and decreasing GLS and LVEF. We hypothesized that the duration of CKD before initiating Hemodialysis may be a probable factor that can affect cardiac function. Hence, we use the Pearson correlation again for evaluating the relation between the time of CKD before starting hemodialysis and LV mass, GLS, LVEF, E/e'. Strangely we found there is not a significant relationship between CKD and these parameters (P value=0.07 for LVEF, 0.197 for LV mass/BSA, 0.541 for E/e', 0.059 for GLS). An increase in LV mass in ESRD patients can be related to several different causes like: increasing Afterload, Volume overload, and other factors. We hypothesize increase on LV mass can affect ventricular systolic dysfunction and GLS. So, we check their relation using the pearson correlation. We exclude the effect of confounding variants like smoking, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia. And We found there is a significant relation between LV mass with GLS. In other word: an increase in mass can be a cause of decreasing GLS. Conclusion: According to the statistical studies, it seems that End-stage renal disease, which means requirement of regular dialysis, can lead to cardiac complications in terms of subclinical heart failure, increased LV mass, and decreased ventricular ejection fraction. In the next phase of investigations, increase in the duration of the disease and the progression of ESRD can be significantly related to the increase in LV mass and the decrease in GLS. We found that increase in ventricular mass can be independent of the influence of other cofounder factors. Reduce the amount of GLS. In fact, left ventricular hypertrophy can be a determining factor for patients to progress to subclinical heart failure. Therefore, based on the available findings, it can be concluded that in the early stages of hemodialysis, it is necessary to perform cardiovascular evaluations and echocardiography of patients dependent on hemodialysis and to measure criteria such as GLS and LV mass, before causing obvious ventricular failure. With the least decrease in GLS or increase in LV mass, kidney transplant should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Psychiatric disorders and its causes have always been taken into consideration by psychologists and psychiatrists. Adolescence can be the beginning period of many psychiatric disorders. Most versions of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Disorders (DSM) of American Psychiatric Association do not indicate that adolescents may develop borderline personality disorder. But the grounds for this disorder have their roots in childhood and adolescence. The DSM-5 defines this disorder as "a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image and a distinctly impulsive mood that begins in early adulthood and it appears in different environments and situations." Today, psychological stress has become an integral part of human life and is important to determining the health or illness of individuals. People seem to use different coping methods in stressful situations. People with borderline personality disorder have a special need for adaptive coping strategies. These strategies reduce vulnerability in stressful situations. A review of previous research shows that there is a relationship between anxiety and coping disorders, emotion regulation and borderline personality disorder. Clinical signs of borderline personality disorder include: "insane" actions to avoid real or imagined abandonment; An unstable and stressful pattern of personal relationships characterized by fluctuations between the two poles of idealization and devaluation; Identical and persistent self-reported identity disorder and instability; Impulsive behavior in at least two areas where there is a potential for personal harm (eg, extravagance, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, overeating periods; threats, gestures or repeated suicidal behaviors, or self-injurious behavior); Emotional instability due to the reactive nature of the mood (eg, severe boredom, irritability, or anxiety) that usually lasts for hours and rarely days; Chronic feeling of emptiness; Severe and disproportionate anger or difficulty controlling anger (such as recurring mood swings, persistent anger, or recurring quarrels) and temporary paranoid thinking associated with stress or severe breakdown symptoms (2). The word anxiety comes from the Latin word Anxius, which means a feeling of tightness in the chest. Anxiety refers to fear without a definite origin; That is, one does not know why one is afraid or that one's fear of danger seems disproportionate. Anxious often expresses a feeling of shortness of breath in the chest: I just feel anxious. Our brain is affected by many movements at any given moment, some of which are conscious or voluntary and many of which are unconscious and involuntary. These movements come from three different areas: the external environment, the body and the brain. Anxiety, then, is a vague and undesirable emotional state accompanied by external manifestations, panic, and turmoil that occurs as a result of a threat and a lack of proper response to it. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship of borderline personality disorder with self-esteem and emotion regulation by mediating role of anxiety and coping strategies in adolescents. Methods : The method of this research is a correlational survey. The statistical population was all first and second high school students in Tuyserkan in the academic year 1393-94. 331 students were selected by stratified random sampling. Before conducting the research, participants were given explanations on how to answer the questionnaires and the confidentiality of their information. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel software using descriptive methods (mean and standard deviation), heuristic factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Rosenberg self-esteem (1965), Grass and John's emotion regulation (2003), Andler & Parker coping strategies (1990), emotional disorders related to anxiety (2000), and borderline personality disorder (1991) questionnaires were completed. The validity and reliability of all these tools have been confirmed in previous research. In this study, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for the desired and reliable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive, factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and Lisrel. Results: The Descriptive findings of this study showed that the highest mean is related to coping strategies (128.66) and the lowest mean is related to self-esteem (7.36). The obtained correlation coefficient between each of the variables is statistically significant at the error level less than 0.01 (P < 0.01). Shows the structural relationships between self-esteem, borderline personality, coping strategies, anxiety, and borderline personality. Among the estimated pathways, the highest coefficient is related to the relationship between coping strategies and borderline personality (0.78) and the lowest is related to emotion regulation with anxiety (0.57). Analysis of direct, indirect, and total effects between the studied variables showed that the highest effect was obtained between coping strategies with borderline personality and the lowest effect was obtained between emotion regulation and anxiety. The results showed that the borderline personality of adolescents is related to self-esteem and their emotional regulation with mediation of anxiety and coping strategies (P < 0.001). Helping goodness of fit indexes, the estimated model was desirable in the structural equation model (NFI = 0.97, GFI 0.88, CFI 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.021). Conclusion: The Psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety disorders and personality disorders, severely affect people's performance. These disorders affect family relationships; one falls short in education; His job and social performance are impaired and he generally feels inefficient and dissatisfied. On the one hand, lack of self-esteem and on the other hand, lack of effective coping skills in the individual and also difficulty in regulating emotions are issues and problems that cause both anxiety and borderline personality disorder and the range of difficulties of anxious patients. And expands boundaries and makes decision-making difficult to solve problems caused by the disorder and treatment. Various health models always pay attention to prevention. Like physical health, in the field of mental health, prevention requires knowledge of the contexts and causes of disorders and diseases. This study used structural equation modeling to investigate some areas of borderline personality development. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variables such as self-esteem, emotional regulation, anxiety and coping strategies affect the appearance of borderline personality in adolescent. Explaining the findings of this study, it can be said that borderline personality can be related with psychological contextual variables such as self-esteem, emotion regulation and coping. This means that the less self-esteem a person has, the more likely he or she is to develop such disorders; because people with low self-esteem usually have more limited relationships, their audacity is low, it causes instability in the behavior and feelings of the person and the person can not achieve unity. In this regard, the regulation of emotion as a variable that is necessary to maintain balance and psychological stability in the individual, has a decisive role (13). This means that people with high emotion regulation are less likely to develop personality disorders, especially borderline personality disorders. One of the most important symptoms of borderline personality disorder is emotional instability. When a person is not able to regulate their emotions well, they are more likely to have problems. Also, the way a person copes with problems and issues has an effect on the occurrence or non-occurrence of psychiatric disorders. Problem-oriented coping is often associated with mental health, but emotional coping is not; One who has an ineffective confrontation fails; Has trouble communicating with others; His academic and professional performance declines; He is emotionally disturbed and cognitively disturbed, and in general, someone who has little ability to deal effectively with problems is at greater risk of developing psychiatric disorders. One of the limitations of this study is the self-report of the collected data with the questionnaires used in it. Also, due to the limited statistical population (students), caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings of this study. Researchers interested in research in the field of psychiatric disorders are advised to examine the relationship of variables such as attachment, resilience, empathy, and efficiency with these disorders in addition to self-esteem, emotion regulation, and coping strategies. Also, the study of other statistical communities can be considered for similar studies in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The general goal of the current research was to design a disciplinary management model to deal with vandalism in Iranian sports with a structural equation modeling approach. The behavior of sports fans is broad and represents one of the most universal leisure activities of the society. These behaviors include buying tickets or merchandise, tweeting about a team's performance, or signing up for special sports packages. Therefore, the relationship between a fan and his favorite team causes various behaviors. However, the intensity and extent of team -related behaviors varies widely among sports fans, as the emotions and passion associated with a sports team lead to strong attachments for some and casual relationships for others. Even in one fan, depending on a number of variables, including team expectations, team results, and moods, fan behaviors can vary. Nowadays, the presence of teenagers and young people in sports venues has become one of the concerns of families, because on the one hand, the safety of sports facilities and on the other hand, the moral deviations, anxiety and violence and harassment that occur in sports venues, can affect the physical and mental health of teenagers and young people, and even to threaten adults . Common behavioral abnormalities in sports fields include violence and aggression in the stadium, insulting and obscene slogans towards the players, clubs and fans of rival clubs, throwing objects and explosives on the playing field and disrupting the process of holding the match and finally fighting. And the conflict with the spectators of the rival club and the destruction and damage to the property and facilities of the stadium. As the sport in our country moves forward, the incidence of violence, abnormality and problems among the fans increases, which has become a fundamental problem in the sports community .Sports events are often associated with aggressive behavior from spectators. Hence, fan aggression is a social problem that affects many sports clubs around the world. Violence during sports events shows a wide phenomenon, it causes various negative consequences including damage to spectators and security personnel, reduction of public trust and loss of equipment and places .Therefore, one of the most important events in today's fan communities is vandalism. Fandom as an important part of the football phenomenon in today's society is also interpreted as a double coin with an ugly and beautiful reality, and its positive aspects are mixed with extremely valuable functions along with its negative approach and harmful side effects, and it is natural that One of the negative side effects is the phenomenon of hooliganism and vandalism among the spectators. Vandalism is one of the perversions of the new society, which is caused by rapid social changes, the growth of anomie and the ever -increasing desires of man and his failure to achieve these desires, and the feeling of alienation, injustice, anger and hatred that they have towards the community and their surroundings, which It is an expression of weakness and normative disorder in the cultural and social structure of the society. Vandalism is one of the crimes that have less legal and criminal penalties. Norm -breaking, while causing public damage, indicates important and bigger problems for the future society . So that the researchers believe that "if destruction and other destructive methods become a positive value among the people of a society; It means to be considered smart; Because it is internalized and institutionalized, it is very difficult to change or destroy it. According to them, showing destructive and aggressive films in third world countries fuels this culture; So that these elements are transferred to the next generations and propagated among them.". In general, a behavior can be called vandalism that, while having the aspects of violence and destruction, has the following characteristics: "a) damage to things that belong to others and not the vandalizing person; b) damage to the public property of the people; c) In general, any damage that the other party must compensate for and the responsibility for the damage is on him. This may be due to the fact that the mentioned properties do not seem to have an owner, or belong to a person, or at least it is difficult to determine their ownership. Methods: The current research was a descriptive correlational research, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered part of applied research. The statistical community of this research in the qualitative part was made up of experts in sports sociology, managers and deputy guards of Azadi Stadium, Foulad Arena Stadium, Naqsh Jahan Stadium in Isfahan, Yadgar Imam Stadium in Tabriz, Pas Stadium security, which includes about 7 people. The snowball sampling method continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative part, the statistical community of the research was made up of the security officers of the selected stadiums, and 162 questionnaires were distributed. In the qualitative part, after the interview, selective coding, central and open codes were extracted and then the qualitative paradigm of the research was presented. In the quantitative section, mean, frequency, standard deviation, percentage were used to analyze the data at a descriptive level. Also, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was used to test the model. Also, in this research, Smart pls version 3 software was used for data analysis. Results: In the qualitative part of law enforcement management in dealing with vandalism in Iranian sports, 85 codes and 4 categories (management and planning, security strategies, security infrastructures and extra -organizational interactions), 9 secondary concepts and 85 primary concepts were formed, and the qualitative research paradigm was presented. became. The results showed that all four components of disciplinary management (management and planning, extra -organizational interactions, security strategies, security infrastructure) have a significant positive effect on dealing with vandalism in Iranian sports. Conclusion: Management and planning include three core codes. Security organization, integrated security approach and training and training of security forces. This means that in order to deal with vandalism, police managers in stadiums should use the principles of management, or in other words, one of the main pillars of management, which is organization in the security affairs of stadiums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The term transsexualism or transsexualism became common from the gender change of an individual named George Jangensen to Christian Jangensen in 1952. Then the term transgender was replaced by gender identity disorder. People suffering from gender identity disorder are those who have a disorder in recognizing their gender identity. In their minds and psyches, they see themselves as the other sex and believe that they were wrongly born as a man or a woman because they are infatuated with their hidden identity. People suffering from sexual boredom imagine themselves with the soul and spirits of the opposite sex. They are not transgender in adulthood. Conversely, many people who become transgender adults did not experience gender non -conformity as children. Most adults with gender identity disorder state that they felt different from other children of the same sex as children, although many of these patients cannot find the origin of this difference in retrospect. Many of them say that they have widely identified with the opposite sex from the very early years of life, and this identification has become more obvious in adolescence and adulthood. The genetic causes of gender dissatisfaction are under study, but no possible genes have been identified in this field, and chromosomal changes are uncommon in the population of transgender people, case reports of identical twins have shown that in some twins there is synchronicity regarding gender issues, and in others, this Synchronization not seen. A variety of approaches are underway to understand gender dissatisfaction. These approaches include information from imaging studies that show changes in white matter pathways, cerebral blood flow, and cortical activation patterns in patients with gender dissatisfaction, but the results of these studies have not been replicated. In adults who receive a diagnosis of gender dissatisfaction, the rate of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, self-harm behaviors, and drug abuse is higher. The rate of suicidal thoughts during the lifetime of transgender people is about 40%. The minority stress model predicts the increase of mental illness in groups that are stigmatized, discriminated against, and abused to a greater extent than others. DSM -5 reports suggest that individuals with late -onset gender dissatisfaction may have more distress and doubt about gender reassignment surgery and less satisfaction after the procedure. Treatment for adults who identify as transgender can include psychotherapy to address gender issues, hormone therapy, and surgical treatment. Surgical and hormonal interventions may reduce depression and improve the quality of life for the treatment of these people. While patients suffering from sexual boredom are completely healthy physically, they face a lot of problems mentally. The definitive treatment for this disorder is sex reassignment surgery, which is a very expensive and difficult operation, and at the same time, since it is not possible to create internal sex organs and gonads, only the appearance of the genitals is changed. This article intends to take steps to improve the mental condition of these people by teaching psychological treatment approaches, for this purpose, it compares the effectiveness of reality therapy and schema therapy on the communication skills of patients with a gender identity disorder. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and group schema therapy on the interpersonal communication skills of patients with a gender identity disorder. Methods: This study was conducted as a semi -experimental design with a pre -test -post -test design and follow -up with a control group. The research population is all people with gender identity disorder who referred to the Shiraz forensic center in 2020 -2021, whose disorder was diagnosed by a forensic doctor, and due to the impossibility of reaching all of them in a targeted manner, there were 30 out of 195 people. People were selected by available sampling method and were placed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. First, Russell et al.'s social isolation questionnaire (1980) was taken from both groups, then the experimental group was trained in reality therapy and schema therapy for 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive training. Again, the communication skills questionnaire was administered after reality therapy and schema therapy training, and it was repeated in the 3 -month follow -up, and the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: A significant difference was seen in the loneliness reduction component of the control group with the intervention group of reality therapy and schema therapy at a significance level of 0/01. Therefore, the reality therapy approach has been effective . Conclusion: The results showed that reality therapy can help these people to pay attention to themselves as the origin of their actions and deeds, and by emphasizing the inner motivation and sense of responsibility to perform the behavior, they can increase the feeling of self-worth and reduce the feeling of loneliness. Social isolation during some rapid and sudden changes is considered normal and is not interpreted as maladjustment, but when it chronically hinders success and progress in normal tasks and functions of life, it can It has very harmful emotional, social, and even physical consequences. Social isolation is a threat to the mental health and psycho -social functioning of a person. Studies show that both those suffering from male -to - female sexual boredom and those suffering from female -to -male sexual boredom describe themselves as individuals who are isolated from society and their basic emotional needs are faced with problems. This situation may be caused by their self-restraint, which has been imposed on them for years due to social deprivation and not understanding their need to be accepted as a member of the other sex. Reality therapy is based on the basic assumption that people are motivated to change when they are convinced that their current behavior will not get them what they want. They believe that they can choose behaviors that bring them closer to their desires and goals. The goal of reality therapy is to cultivate acceptance of responsibility in the individual and create a successful identity. The individual identifies the behavior that he is trying to correct, his whole being. He focuses on it and does not make excuses for rejecting his responsibility. In this approach, an effort was made to make a person know the short -term and long -term goals of his life, define them clearly and evaluate the ways to reach his goals. Choose the methods that will lead to more favorable results and experience a more positive feeling towards yourself. Since transgender people are often on the margins of social activities, many of their abilities have room for growth. Efforts to empower them in social relations can be effective in this direction. At the same time, heterosexual people must develop their capacities. Themselves and by avoiding committing deviant behaviors, develop their social skills in front of people. The application of reality therapy techniques could help them in this field. Considering the impact of this research on gender identity individuals, it can be applied to other statistical groups and societies. It should be noted that this research has limitations that reduce its generalizability. Among these cases, we can mention the small size of the sample, the non -randomness of the sampling, and the fact that the samples are limited to one location, which is due to financial, human, time, etc. limitations, and shows the need for further extensive research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: One of the possible mechanisms for resistance to insulin and type 2 diabetes is dysfunction and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial density and function are associated with cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the aging process, and aerobic capacity. Today, a complete understanding of mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with an understanding of various cellular pathological conditions. Mitochondria play a role in increasing mitochondrial function. Quality, mitochondria represent an improvement in mitochondrial biogenesis. In tissues with high oxidative capacity, such as skeletal muscle, activated by gamma receptor joint proliferator, an alpha activated by peroxisome proliferator (AMPK) is considered to be the most important regulator of biogenesis and mitochondrial function. (cytochrome C and AMPK) is a transcription and replication agent for mitochondrial DNA and plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis processes. A study by Madrasa (2018) showed that decreased expression of this group of genes is associated with decreased capacity, whole body aerobics in patients with type 2 diabetes and decreased expression of PGC-1α and nuclear genes encoding mitochondria in individuals. Insulin resistance can mean that these people have low levels of aerobic exercise. Exercise can play an important role in accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly leading to a reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs during the aging process, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and conditions of muscle inactivity resisting fatigue and increasing the quality of life . The method of training is in the form the although metabolic control is available in type2 diabetes effect of aerobic exercise and the chemical drug atrostatin on the expression of genes affecting the mitochondrial biogenesis of cardio myositis in samples with type 2 diabetes has not been studied and because of its importance in controlling mitochondrial function following diabetes. Type 2 is impaired, it is necessary to study it, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of continuous and intermittent exercise with atrostatin on some markers of mitochondrial biogenesis signaling myositis (cytochrome C and AMPK) in diabetic elderly rats. Methods: Thirty-five male rats (20 weeks old) weighing between 300 and 350 g were randomly divided into 7 groups. Diabetes was induced in 6 groups. To make diabetic mice, streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg per kg body weight (26). Atorvastatin was taken orally after a meal at a dose of 2 mg per kg body weight . The first week of continuous training program at a speed of 15 meters per minute for five minutes, the rats started running on the treadmill. Then, every week, increasing the speed by 1 to 2 meters per minute for 1 to 2 minutes increases the running time. The number of continuous training sessions was five times a week. The interval training program consisted of 25-25 minutes of treadmill running on a treadmill at a speed of 15 meters per minute for the first week, with one meter per minute added each week to 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. The duration of the first session was 25 minutes, with one minute added to each session, reaching 64 minutes in the eighth week. 48 hours after the last training session with 10 to 12 hours of night fasting, intraperitoneal injection of a combination of ketamine and xylazine was performed in anesthetized mice and tissue samples were taken. Their heart tissue was isolated and stored at -80 ° C and then transferred to a laboratory for genetic testing. To investigate the significant changes in each of the research changes between different groups, one-way analysis of variance was used and if a statistically significant difference was observed to determine the location of ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test was used. Significance level P <0.05 was considered for all calculations. Results: In the present study, the effect of continuous and intermittent exercise combined with atorvastatin administration (cytochrome C and AMPK) gene expression in cardiac myocytes of elderly diabetic rats was investigated. The first finding of the present study showed that the expression of (cytochrome C and AMPK) gene in cardiac myocytes of rats with type 2 diabetes was significantly reduced compared to the healthy control group, while after 8 weeks of intervention, the mean (cytochrome C and AMPK) to Significantly decreased compared to the healthy control group, while after 8 weeks of intervention, the mean (cytochrome C and AMPK) increased in the exercise and atorvastatin groups, but in the combined intervention group, this increase was significantly greater. It seems that taking atorvastatin with 8 weeks of continuous and intermittent physical activity has been able to make changes beyond taking atorvastatin alone or continuous and intermittent exercise. In this regard, Baghdam et al. (2019) by examining the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on the expression of PGC-lα gene in heart tissue in diabetic rats, concluded that aerobic exercise significantly increases the concentration of PGC-lα in heart tissue ( 29). However, in contrast to the findings of Chavanel et al. (2017) showed that exercise has no significant effect on the level of PGC-1α mRNA or other mitochondrial biogenesis regulators such as (cytochrome C and AMPK) (30). One of the most important reasons for inconsistency in Chavanel research with the results of the present study may be the age, sex and race of the subjects as well as the type of training protocol. (cytochrome C and AMPK) is one of the most important transcriptional coordinator coagulators that positively regulates the expression of genes associated with metabolic and mitochondrial adaptations, thus influencing cardiac substrate selection, mitochondrial function, ATP production capacity, and species production. Reacts to oxygen (ROS). Physical activity is one of the factors that trigger these messaging pathways. In other words, mitochondrial biogenesis in the cell is induced by environmental stimuli such as physical activity . Another result of the present study was the decrease in (cytochrome C and AMPK) gene expression in cardiac myocytes of elderly diabetic rats compared to the healthy control group, while after 8 weeks of intervention, a significant increase in (cytochrome C and AMPK) gene expression was observed in atorvastatin and combination groups compared to the patient group. This increase was greater in the combination of diabetic + atorvastatin + periodic exercise. It seems that when the volume of training is the same, the intensity of training can be an effective factor in the expression of (cytochrome C and AMPK); Therefore, this study showed that with a constant volume of periodic training is more effective than continuous training in the expression of (cytochrome C and AMPK) gene. The present study showed that intermittent and continuous exercise with atorvastatin increased (cytochrome C and AMPK) in the heart cells of elderly diabetic rats, which decreased due to diabetes and aging. Consistent with the results of the present study, Popo et al. Examined the effect of two months of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscle TFAM in human diabetic specimens and reported a significant increase. Therefore, the effect of the training period is enhanced at higher intensities. Exercise frequency is also one of the effective factors in increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Chavanel et al. (2017) have shown that exercise has no significant effect on the level of mRNAPGC-1α or other mitochondrial biogenesis regulators including TFAM and cytochrome C and AMPK. One of the most important reasons for inconsistency in Chavanel research with the results of the present study may be in the condition of the subject and the type of muscle fiber as well as the type of training protocol. TFAM is a high-mobility transcription factor group responsible for replication and transcription of mitochondrial DNA. Impairment of the (cytochrome C and AMPK) target specifically in cardiac tissue leads to a significant reduction in electron transport capacity, spontaneous cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In contrast, increased TFAM expression in cardiac tissue protects against heart failure due to myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Another finding of the present study was the positive and significant effect of atorvastatin on the expression of (cytochrome C and AMPK) genes in mice with type 2 diabetes. Studies show that atorvastatin improves mitochondrial function and prevents apoptosis in myocardial hypertrophy. In the present study, Chen et al. (2018) inhibited the decrease in the expression of (cytochrome C and AMPK) in mice with myocardial insufficiency by treatment with atorvastatin . According to the results obtained in the present study, the effects of atorvastatin may be fundamentally different in different patients and with different races, and also its effects may vary depending on the dose or duration of use and the type of statin used. However, the effect of co-administration of atorvastatin and exercise with (cytochrome C and AMPK) on cardiac tissue has not been investigated. Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of metabolic syndrome diseases such as diabetes and therefore improves these diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial damage .The combined use of both has more effective therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes. The results of this study on improving heart function have been confirmed by previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Caring for a patient undergoing hemodialysis is a stressful experience that causes a heavy care burden. With the outbreak of COVID-19, family caregivers of these patients had increased worry about the risk of infection in the dialysis centers. This fear can make their care burden heavier. This study aims to investigate the impact of coping skills training on the care burden experienced by family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 on 60 family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Comprehensive Treatment Center for Special Diseases in Birjand, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received coping skills training in six sessions. All participants completed the Zarit burden interview before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSSsoftware, version 19. Results The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic information (P>0.05). Both groups had a moderate to severe care burden before the intervention. A significant difference was reported in the care burden score of the intervention group after training (P<0.001). Conclusion Coping skills training can reduce the care burden of the family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, coping skills training can be used by nursing managers to reduce the care burden of family caregivers of patients with hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims The ethical challenges of pediatric nurses in the work environment is inevitable. One of these challenges for nurses is related to euthanasia, which is affected by extensive legal, religious, and cultural issues. This study aims to determine the relationship between ethical reasoning and attitudes towards euthanasia in nurses working in children’s hospitals. Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 194 pediatric nurses working in two children’s hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected electronically and in person using three questionnaires, including a demographic form, the nursing dilemma test (NDT), and the euthanasia attitude survey (EAS). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26. Results The mean score of ethical reasoning was 42.92±10.33, and the mean score of EAS was 2.65±0.12. The ethical reasoning score had no significant correlation with age, work experience, sex, marital status, education level, and history of participation in nursing ethics courses, except for the department, which was significantly related to ethical reasoning. The EAS score had no significant correlation with any of the demographic variables, except for the department. The Pearson correlation test results indicated a significant negative correlation between ethical reasoning and attitudes toward euthanasia (r=-0.60, P<0.001). Conclusion The ethical reasoning of pediatric nurses in the study hospitals is at a moderate level, and they have a negative attitude toward euthanasia. The nurses with higher ethical reasoning have a more negative attitude toward euthanasia. Nurses from special care units and emergency departments have lower ethical reasoning but a more positive attitude toward euthanasia. Participation in nursing ethics workshops has no significant relationship with ethical reasoning scores and attitudes toward euthanasia. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that comprehensive educational programs should be held to strengthen the ethical reasoning of pediatric nurses and enhance their perception of euthanasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims One of the goals of providing training to the anesthesia care team is to train staff with theoretical and functional abilities to deal with clinical challenges. However, there is a gap between the existing and desired performance levels of personnel in anesthesia procedures. This study aims to assess the competence of anesthesia personnel in Kashan, Iran, and find its related factors. Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 95 anesthesia personnel of hospitals in Kashan, Iran, in 2023, who were selected using a census method. The data collection tools were a demographic form and the Anesthesia Nursing Competence Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation), Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation test, Point-Biserial correlation test, and regression analysis. Results The mean age of the participants was 34.57±10.1 years. The overall competence level of anesthesia personnel was at a high level (84.84±53.11). Their competence had a significant relationship with their sex and marital status (P<0.05). Conclusion The competencee of anesthesia personnel in Kashan is at a high level in all fields, except for the patient’s risk care. It is recommended to empower personnel in this area to prevent adverse events and improve the quality of medical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Tracheostomy is often performed for people hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), but it can cause larynx damage and discomfort in the patient. Given that the final outcome and possible complications of tracheostomy are directly related to the quality of nursing care, this study aims to evaluate the effect of tracheostomy care training on the performance of nurses working in the ICUs of selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 nurses working in the ICUs of Rasul Akram and Firouzgar hospitals in 2021. The data collection tools were a demographic form and the tracheostomy patient care evaluation questionnaire of Atashzadeh et al. (2015). data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test, and analysis of variance). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of nurses was 31.49±6.02 years. Most of them were female (70.3%) with a bachelor's degree (90.6%). Their mean overall work experience was 6.74±5.13 years, and their average work experience in the ICU was 4.92±4.66 years. Most of the nurses (43.8%) had permanent employment. Most of the nurses had rotating shift (89.1%), and had not completed the course of tracheostomy care (93.8%). The results of the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the mean performance score of nurses before training (45.85±8.87) and after training (93.3±42.33) (P<0.001). Conclusion Considering that the performance of nurses in caring for patients with tracheostomy in the ICUs of selected hospitals is not satisfactory, educating nurses and providing sufficient facilities based on guidelines and opinions of experts are recommended to improve the quality of services to these patients by nurses in the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims One of the concerns of nurses and physicians is the adherence to treatment in patients with heart diseases. In Iran, there are no accurate statistics on the treatment adherence of patients with coronary artery stents, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in these patients has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between treatment adherence and the risk of CVDs in patients with coronary artery stents. Materials & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 in Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Participants were 200 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty in the past year and had coronary artery stents. They were selected by a simple random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic form, the treatment adherence questionnaire, and the Framingham risk score (FRS) were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results The mean age of the patients was 61.6±10.62 years. Most of them were male (60.5%) and married (68%). The overall mean score of treatment adherence was 41.50±8.48, indicating moderate adherence. Patients had poor adherence in domains of dietary regimen and regular physical activity such that most of them used high-fat food (87%) and had the least amount of physical activity per week (92.4%), but they used prescribed medicines on time (70.3%). Based on the FRS, men were twice as likely to have CVDs as women. There was a significant association between treatment adherence and the risk of CVDs, such that the risk of CVDs in the next 10 years among patients decreased with increasing their adherence to treatment (r=-0.25, P<0.001). Conclusion Given that there is a significant relationship between treatment adherence and the risk of CVDs in patients with coronary artery stents, and considering that these patients have poor adherence to a low-fat diet and regular physical activity, it is recommended that nurses in their patient education programs emphasize adherence to having a low-fat diet and regular physical activity and identify the barriers to achieving it, so that, by increasing patients’ adherence to treatment, the risk of CVDs in the next 10 years can be reduced in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses working in psychiatric departments were also involved, which affected their mental health. The present study aims to determine the effect of psychological immunization on perceived stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in nurses working in the psychiatry department of a hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted from February to June 2022. Participants were 50 nurses from the psychiatry department of Baharan Hospital in Zahedan city who were selected by a census method, and were assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic form, the perceived stress scale, and the corona disease anxiety scale. The psychological immunization was provided in two four-hour workshops. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using mean, standard deviation and chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Most of the nurses had an infection with COVID-19 and were vaccinated. The mean and score of anxiety decreased from 11.96±10.05 to 8.12±6.92 in the intervention group (P=0.004) and decreased from 11.84±10.26 to 8.40±6.51 in the control group (P=0.07). The mean score of perceived stress changed from 27.45±5.56 to 27.20±4.20 after intervention in the intervention group (P=0.8) and from 27.48±4.71 to 28.32±4.87 in the control group (P=0.43). Conclusion The psychological immunization program has no significant effect on anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19 in nurses of psychiatric departments in Zahedan, Iran. It is recommended that psychiatric hospital managers should pay attention to the psychological problems of nurses at the beginning of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Aging is associated with decreased physical and psychological functions. This study aims to investigate the ability to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly women with osteoporosis in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 130 elderly women over 60 years of age referred to selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2020, who were selected by a consecutive sampling method. The data collection tools were a demographic form, the Barthel index for ADL, and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental ADL scale. The data was statistically analyzed in SPSS software, version 20. Results The mean age of the women was 67.5±5.7 years. None of them had dependency for performing ADLs such as eating. The highest dependence was for urination (54.62%). Regarding instrumental ADLs, the highest inability was related to shopping (60.77%), and the lowest inability was related to managing one's own medication use (0.77%). The scores of basic and instrumental ADLs were significantly related to age and educational level (P<0.001). Conclusion More governmental, family and social support is needed for elderly women with osteoporosis (with older age and educational level) who have lower ability to perform their basic and instrumental ADLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer chemotherapy is facing many problems such as patients' intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are continuously trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and use them. Test to find a combination that can overcome these problems. Considering that structures containing Indole rings and toxic Carbazone and Thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in the way of chemotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer properties of new hybrid compounds of Indole attached to Triazole and thiosemicarbazone pharmacophores using the click method. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. Compounds with heterocyclic structures, because they exist in many natural products and exhibit different physicochemical properties, also have different biological effects, which has diversified their use in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer chemotherapy is faced with many problems such as patient intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are constantly trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and test them to find a combination. achieve that can overcome these problems. They are considering that structures containing indole rings and toxic carbazone and thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in chemotherapy. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to their various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2- aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. 7 was investigated. To solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different pharmacophores such as indole, triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity were used. Methods: Derivatives of Indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiHIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this paper, the click reaction was used for the synthesis of compounds. The click reactions were performed under mild conditions in the presence of cheap solvent and in a short time, and the product with high efficiency and purity (lowest amount of side products) is obtained. Click reaction of new derivatives of 3,2,1-triazoles attached to the 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted Decompound Aromatic Azides were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and Triazole were also synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the structure of all the synthesized compounds was analyzed by IR, H-NMR1 and 13 CNMR were confirmed. Results: In order to solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different Pharmacophores such as Indole, Triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to each other It was used to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT method. Conclusion: The results showed that the investigated compounds had a significant cytotoxic effect on the Hela cell line only at the highest concentration (1000 µM) and had no effect at other concentrations and in some cases, including the effect on the MCF line. It seems that the compounds even increased cell growth. This increase in growth is likely to be due to the structural similarity of some compounds with phenolic structures, which has been shown in previous studies that phenolic groups act similar to estrogenic compounds and therefore can mimic growth. According to the results, these compounds can be considered as non-toxic agents for other therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Pain is divided into two main types, fast and slow. Pain receptors are composed of free nerve endings and use two separate pathways to transmit pain signals to the CNS. Sharp pain signals are produced by mechanical and thermal pain stimuli. These signals are transmitted to the spinal cord by peripheral nerves through Aδ fibers at a speed of 3-15 m/s. On the contrary, slow and chronic pain signals are mainly produced by chemical pain stimuli, but sometimes stable mechanical or thermal stimuli can also produce these signals. These signals are transmitted to the spinal cord by C-type fibers at a speed of 0.5 to 2 m/s (1). The mechanisms of neuropathic pain are not fully known, but the mechanisms proposed in the pathogenesis of this pain include the role of glial cells as supporting cells of the central nervous system, changes in sodium and potassium voltage-dependent channels, afferents adjacent to the neuron. It is damaged. Different neural pathways are affected differently. Therefore, identification of these pathways is important in determining the analgesic and medicinal mechanisms from physiological aspects. Although there are many studies in this field, one of the existing problems is the rate of recovery and return of nerve activity after injury. The results of researchers' research have brought relatively acceptable results, which were not without problems. In the present research, due to the high incidence of peripheral nerve injuries caused by blows and fractures in humans and animals, efforts will be made to find a drug or drug combination to accelerate the healing process of damaged nerves following experimental sciatic nerve injury in the rat animal model. Therefore, the present study will be conducted in order to investigate the analgesic effects of simvastatin and its neurophysiological interaction with the involved systems following experimental sciatic nerve ligation in rats. Methods: This research was used in 2 experimental phases on 85 adult male rats weighing 180-200 grams. These animals were transferred to the laboratory animal breeding and maintenance center of the veterinary school and were kept in standard mouse cages under standard conditions. All animals were evaluated for motor health before surgery, and then all mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg), and after scrubbing and initial leg preparation The animals were placed on their left side and an incision was made in the posterior-external skin of the thigh area of the left leg. The muscles and fascia were gently removed and after exposing the sciatic nerve, the sciatic nerve was compressed for 60 seconds using a micro hemostat. In order to trace, the injury site is marked by suturing the muscle closest to the crush site using non-absorbable silk suture (0-5) and then the muscles are placed together and the subcutaneous tissue and skin are The sequence was stitched using vicryl thread (0-4) and nylon (0-3) in a simple all round and single stitch method. Then formalin test was done and licking time was measured. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1: nerve damage without treatment, group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with simvastatin. Mice in group 2 (with a dose of 2 mg/kg), group 3 (with a dose of 4 mg/kg) and group 4 (with a dose of 8 mg/kg) were treated with Sivastatin. There were 5 mice in each group and they were evaluated in two time intervals of 2 and 4 weeks. Results: As seen in Figure 1, the injection of morphine (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the pain time caused by the formalin test compared to the control group (P<0.05). The level of 4 and 8 mg/kg simvastatin significantly decreased the pain time caused by the formalin test compared to the control group (P<0.05). According to the results of the statistical analysis of repeated measurements of one factor, the summary of the analysis of variance of the changes in the duration of the animal's response to the stimulating effects of formalin affected by the effective dose (8 mg/kg) of simvastatin compared to naloxone during the acute and chronic phases is presented in Figure 2. Naloxone injection (2 mg/kg) had no effect on pain time caused by formalin test compared to the control group (P>0.05). The level of 8 mg/kg simvastatin significantly decreased the pain time caused by the formalin test compared to the control group (P<0.05). The combined injection of naloxone plus simvastatin significantly reduced the analgesic effects of simvastatin compared to the simvastatin alone group (P<0.05). According to the results of the statistical analysis of the repeated measurements of one factor, the summary of the analysis of variance of the changes in the duration of the animal's response to the stimulating effects of formalin affected by the effective dose (8 mg/kg) of simvastatin compared to speroheptadine during the acute and chronic phases is presented in Figure 3. According to the results of the statistical analysis of the repeated measurements of one factor, the summary of the analysis of variance of the changes in the duration of the animal's response to the stimulating effects of formalin affected by the effective dose (8 mg/kg) of simvastatin compared to cimetidine during the acute and chronic phases is presented in graph No. 4 . Conclusion: The aim of this study is the analgesic effects of simvastatin following experimental sciatic nerve ligation in rats. According to the obtained results, it was determined that the analgesic effects of simvastatin are dose-dependent and the findings of this test show that the effective dose (8 mg/kg) of simvastatin alone has been able to create a significant effect in reducing the painful effects of formalin in animals. It has also caused a significant decrease in the response time to formalin pain stimulus in animals. Antagonists naloxone, cyproheptadine and cimetidine were able to inhibit the analgesic effects in acute and chronic phase. Simvastatin activates the PI3K/AKt pathway and increases neurogenesis through BDNF and (Vascular endothelial growth factor) (12). Simvastatin increases the phosphorylation and expression of BDNF and VEGF gene in (Dentate gyrus) DG. As a result, cell proliferation increases and differentiation occurs in the DG area and brain recovery increases (14). Therefore, simvastatin may cause gene expression of growth factors, production of protein kinases, and subsequent induction of neurogenesis in the DG of the hippocampus, increasing dendritic branches through the activation of AKt through the signaling pathway (15). The effects of simvastatin on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the sciatic nerve in adult rats, as a result, administration of simvastatin before ischemia shows protective properties in nerve re-injury and improves blood supply again (16). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Social networks are now being created as an admission to search, discuss and share information interactive and immediate with others. The purpose of this study was to model the role of emotional resilience and self-resilience in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being. The use of social networks has become a modern natural behavior, but the harmful forms of their use have also received much attention in the last two decades. Social networks have now emerged as a platform for searching, discussing and sharing information interactively and instantly with others. Their popularity, especially among young people, has led to a significant increase in research into the analysis of the consequences of their use. Has been in the psychosocial development of users. Social networks have provided various facilities for users, but their uncontrolled, uninformed and excessive use of them creates dangers for users in families. Social networks are a source of attention in personal, academic and professional work. In the context of academia, they can lead to academic procrastination and undermine students' academic performance. One of the psychological characteristics of students that is affected by the use of social networks is emotional resilience. Previous studies have shown that psychological characteristics such as resilience may predict cell phone addiction and social networking. Resilience, as a complex, dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, can be thought of as a process, capacity or consequence of positive adaptation and continuous professional commitment and growth in the face of challenging conditions. Emotional resilience should be considered as a person's ability to cope with adversity and overcome failure. Emotional resilience requires a high degree of self-awareness, strong self-regulation, and a host of other characteristics. Factors such as stress, burnout, lack of social support and negative thinking are the enemies of emotional resilience. Another variable that can be associated with social media addiction is self-concealment. In the literature on psychology and counseling, selfconcealment is often defined as the tendency to intentionally conceal personal information that one finds disturbing or negative. Self-concealmentis a behavioral tendency in which individuals hide personal information about distress, embarrassment, and negativity from others. One of the most important structures that play a mediating variable in social network addiction is psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is one of the structures studied in positivist psychology. Today, a new perspective is being formed and expanded in healthrelated sciences in general and in psychology in particular, with the aim of focusing on health. It is drawn from individual life to social interactions. In general, according to the above research records, the dispersion and contradiction of research in the field of social media addiction and the lack of studies in Iran, highlights the need for further implementation and research in this field. In addition, the mobile phones of this technological tool, which are especially popular among the younger generation, have led to lifestyle changes, differentiation of social interaction styles, as well as preparing them to limit their lives in the technological world. This in itself highlights the need for such research. Therefore, the present study aim to model the role of emotional resilience and self-concealment in the tendency of addiction to social networks mediated by psychological well-being. Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive and correlational and the method of analysis is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all students studying at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Since the PLS method is not sensitive to the sample size, the required sample size was determined using Barclayo et al.'s (1995) theory for the present study (32). However, in order to achieve more generalizable results and less statistical error in the sample size in the present study, considering the probability of sample loss, 200 people were considered. After removing the distorted data, 120 questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. Sampling method used Sampling was also available. The questionnaires were designed online and its links were provided to the subjects on social networks (Telegram groups and channels, WhatsApp groups and Instagram pages) so that students who wished to participate in the research could answer the questions. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in research and being a student and exit criteria were unwillingness to participate in research. The data collected in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation and structural equation modeling using SPSS.25 software and 3.smart pls software. Results: A total of 120 students with a mean age of 28.75 and a standard deviation of 8.71 participated in this study.The results showed that emotional resilience and self-deprecation had a direct and significant effect on social networking addiction, as well as the indirect effect of emotional resilience and self-deprecation with the mediation of psychological well-being (t > 1.96). Conclusion: The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these results, it can be said that resilience can be generally defined as the ability to adapt to adverse situations in a positive way. Adolescents with lower resilience are more likely to become addicted to social media and in challenging situations instead the use of positive coping strategies tends to lead to negative behaviors such as social media addiction. The results of structural equations showed that self-concealment has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that adolescents who have high self-conceit may become addicted to social networks to escape the negative feelings related to selfconcealment. The results of structural equations showed that psychological well-being has a direct and significant relationship with addiction to social networks. Explaining these findings, it can be said that according to the negative consequences of addiction to social networks, psychological well-being can prevent adolescents' addiction to social networks. Described over time.The results of structural equations showed that emotional resilience on social media addiction has an indirect and significant relationship with the mediation of psychological wellbeing. In explaining these findings, it can be said that, as stated earlier, resilience refers to the factors and processes that protect physical development and psychological well-being from the risk of engaging in problematic behaviors and psychological damage. The results of structural equations showed that self-denial on social media addiction is indirectly and significantly related to psychological well-being. Many people who have selfdeprecation turn to the Internet to manage and get rid of unwanted self-deprecating feelings such as stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety. They see the Internet as the easiest way out of these feelings, which is the starting point for Internet addiction. Emotional resilience and self-deprecation can show different functions of social networking in students. Therefore, examining the role of psychological well-being mediates provides more accurate information on the impact of these variables for various social network addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Quality of working life is a multidimensional structure containing concepts such as welfare measures and medical services, incentive schemes, job suitability, job security, job design, importance to the role and position of the individual in the organization, providing the basis for growth and development, participation in Decisionmaking, reduction of job conflicts and ambiguities, training and reward systems. It is impossible for universities to provide effective education and research without having faculty members equipped with knowledge and sufficient motivation. Therefore, as the quality of working life of the academic staff members of the university is strengthened, the functions of the university will be developed, and on the contrary, as their life goes down, the university will be exposed to decline. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of working life of academic staff should be among the highest goals of the university. On the other hand, nowadays, programs for the growth and development of academic members are among the new strategies to maintain and improve the knowledge and performance of lecturers, which have been used by most of the countries during the last few decades in order to improve the scientific ability of the members. To perform their job duties in various fields of education, research and executive-management activities, the academic staff should create a suitable platform for transformation in the educational system. Factors such as the introduction of advanced information and communication technologies, the rapid growth of knowledge and the resulting changes, the need for universities to be accountable to society, the financial constraints of higher education systems, universalization and globalization of higher education, the competition of higher education institutions, etc. All of them have caused universities and higher education systems to think about the continuous growth of their faculty members. The growth of faculty members is an essential and vital part of the success of faculty members as well as the university. Because faculty members are considered as the basic pillar of universities and higher education centers and as the executive arm of universities' triple mission (teaching, research and providing services) and paying attention to them means paying attention to human capital in higher education and in line with It is the fulfillment of this mission. In order to keep faculty members, especially in Farhangian University, who are responsible for training student teachers, considering the growth program as one of the most important university programs. According to the introduction, following the tradition of pedagogy and especially the approach of evaluating professional competence, it has been tried to align with global perspectives, a local model for monitoring, evaluating, issuing certificates and verifying the professional competence of professors (across the field) education) should be presented at the level of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and on the other hand, the basis for measuring the validity of the supervisory tests should be provided. Since there is little information about the role of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and growth of employees, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and mental growth of university faculty members. Methods: The purpose of this research is practical, which was carried out with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with an exploratory design. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included managers and academic staff members of Farhangian University in the 9th region of the country, who had a doctorate degree and more than 10 years of teaching experience, and 20 people were identified and their opinions were used in the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included 263 faculty members of Farhangian University in 9 regions of the country (Semnan, Mazandaran, and Golestan), and according to the Cochran formula, 156 people were selected as a statistical sample. The researcher-made questionnaire of professional qualifications, quality of work life by Walton (1973) and Balandagi Koroneh et al. (2013) was used to collect the required data. Results: The results showed that the effect of professional qualifications on the quality of work life and mental development of faculty members of Farhangian University of Region 9 is significant at the level of 0.99. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the quality of working life and mental development of faculty members refers to a wide range of activities, on which the role of professional qualifications was confirmed. Academic faculty members, as one of the biggest assets of any society and also one of the most important elements of the educational system, play a very sensitive and decisive role in the training of expert human resources, and the result of their efforts is ultimately growth. And it follows the development of every society. They form the main body of any university and are certainly more important than programs, activities and equipment in this system. Therefore, universities need professors who have competence and professional qualifications. Professional competence is actually part and parcel of the performance of university professors and actually reflects the areas of knowledge, attitude and skills of a person and allows him to act more effectively in his profession. The importance of professors' professional qualifications and their tremendous impact on organizational effectiveness has caused universities to try in various ways to improve and provide the necessary conditions for their maximum emergence. In fact, professional competence shows an image of a developed person who has complete preparations in every way to do the job. In this way, competence can be considered as a behavioral dimension that has an effect on the job performance and growth of a person. Based on this, it seems that professional competence is like an umbrella that includes everything that directly or indirectly affects job performance. Researches have shown that professional competence It has a significant impact on the quality of work life of research experts. If the university authorities are not able to attract and maintain competent and motivated human resources, the university will face problems in carrying out serious responsibilities and duties. Since the academic faculty members of the universities play an essential role in the production of science and the expansion of the boundaries of knowledge, therefore, the universities should satisfy their material and spiritual needs and create a suitable working environment for them for educational and research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Assessing gender differences in early childhood helps us to understand them in later life. Today, many thinkers consider the years before elementary school to be the most fruitful years for teaching and learning and believe that a young child learns at a faster rate than he will be able to later, and his early mental connections and associations are so stable that they do not last in the following years. The growth process of Iranian children is examined by non-Iranian standards, and due to the difference between Iranian standards and the standards of other countries, it will be difficult to judge Iranian children, a mistake in judgment can have irreparable consequences. After the embryonic period, the physical and mental development of children the ages after birth is very important; Because the most physical and mental changes happen at this age, which, if neglected, will lead to irreparable results; Therefore, paying attention to children's growth is one of the priorities. Previous research shows significant gender differences in psychomotor development, albeit on a small scale and with significant heterogeneity. Girls develop earlier and have better language skills than boys in most language domains (phonics, vocabulary, and syntax), which may disappear between 3 and 5 years of age. Girls have also been found to exhibit more fine motor skills—that is, activities that require high precision and usually involve manipulating objects. Up to 4 years old or after 6 to 7 years. No clear picture emerges from studies on gender differences in motor skills—that is, activities related to movement and trunk movement—in the preschool period. Assessing sex differences in early childhood helps us understand them later in life. Today, many thinkers consider the years before elementary school to be the most fruitful years for teaching and learning. Preschool children show rapid growth in motor, cognitive, and socialemotional skills; therefore, the assessment of gender differences in early childhood is very important in making decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in developmental standards of cognitive, physical-motor, language, and literacy skills, approach to learning, and social-behavioral-emotional. Methods: The present research method is practical in terms of its purpose and terms of data collection (research design) it is descriptive and non-experimental and the data were collected without any intervention or control. The statistical population includes all 3-4-year-old children in Tehran. The sample of the current research is 50 girls (50%) and 50 boys (50%) and their teachers and parents, which was obtained through cluster and matrix sampling in kindergartens. Twenty children were selected from five geographical regions according to the economic, social, and cultural characteristics of Tehran, including northwest and east, southwest and east, and the center (regions 3, 5, 6, 14, 16). The data collection tool includes scales for measuring the developmental capabilities of cognitive, language, and literacy, approach to learning, physical-motor, and social-behavioral-emotional skills of 3 to 4-year-old children, which were developed using the standards available in different countries. This scale measures five dimensions of cognitive skills (65 questions), physical-motor skills (25 questions), language and literacy (54 questions), approach to learning (27 questions), and social-behavioral-emotional dimension (24 questions). Information analysis method. In this research, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance test, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used. Results: The results showed that, from a theoretical point of view, this research will contribute to the development of knowledge about children's developmental standards. In terms of measurement tools and methods, this project is the first attempt to create a multidimensional tool that allows measuring the developmental standards of 3 to 4-year-old children, and practically, this research is useful for preparing preschool children in the early stages and evaluating them in the next stage will be informative. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is used by preschool school officials and educational policymakers. Mental skills or cognitive abilities include features such as perception, attention, memory (short-term or working and long-term), motor, language, visual and spatial processing, and executive functions. These cognitive characteristics are different in men and women. In general, women excel in verbal fluency, perceptual speed, accuracy, and fine motor skills, while men excel in spatial, working memory, and math abilities. Male and female brains show anatomical, functional, and biochemical differences throughout life. Many factors are involved in this distinction. Physiological factors, along with social norms, are other factors that cause changes. Men perform better than women on tests of visual-spatial ability and mathematical reasoning, while women perform better on memory and language use. Raising standards in children's writing is a current educational priority, and the apparent resistance of boys to efforts to improve their writing skills has received particular attention. Recent UK figures have reported that 15-19% of girls, after leaving UK primary schools, have achieved the expected standard of writing by the age of 11. This is supported by consistent evidence of female advantage in various national assessments of writing performance. The findings of this research have positive implications for theory, methodology, and practice. Theoretically, this research will help to advance the production of knowledge about children's developmental standards. In terms of measurement tools and methods, this project is the first attempt to create a multidimensional tool that allows measuring the developmental standards of 3-4-year-old children. Practically, this research will be useful and informative for the preparation of preschool children in the early stages and evaluation in the next stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. The present study aimed to investigate the structural model of suicide prevention based on cognitive distortion and perceived social support with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents. Methods: The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptivecorrelation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Fleming et al.'s scale of perceived social support (1982), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002). Results: The results of the correlation test showed that there is a positive and direct correlation between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies, and there is a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and moral identity and suicidal tendencies. The value of the standardized factor load for all questions is more than 0.4, and considering that all the significance numbers (CR) between the items and the relevant latent variables are more than 1.96 and their significance level is less than the error level of 0.05. is, it can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient are also given for all research variables and as it can be seen, the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Also, in the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI) and goodness of fit index (GFI) have all been calculated at a suitable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indicators, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. The value of the critical statistic (CR) between the perceived social support and the cognitive distortion with the tendency to commit suicide has exceeded the borderline limit of 1.96, and the significance level of the test in this regard is equal to 0.000 and less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be stated that the existence of the relationship between perceived social support and the tendency to commit suicide is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the coefficient of the standard path between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.237, it can be said that with an increase of one standard deviation in the perceived social support, we will see a decrease in the tendency to commit suicide by -0.237 standard deviation. Therefore, there is a significant and inverse relationship between perceived social support and suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134, and with an increase of one standard deviation in cognitive distortion, we will see an increase in the tendency to commit suicide by 0.134 standard deviations. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent variable (social support) and the dependent variable (suicidal tendency), Baron and Kenny's test showed that in the first stage and primary model, which only considered the relationship between social support and suicidal tendency, this relationship It is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.381. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of social support and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.381 to -0.237 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the role of the moral identity variable is partial mediation and the fifth hypothesis of the research is confirmed with 95% probability and according to the collected data. Also, regarding the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency in the first stage and the initial model that only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is included in the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the mediating role of moral identity in the mentioned relationship was confirmed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant relationship between perceived social support and suicide tendency on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that the training of skills to strengthen social protection and recognize distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the authorities of schools and the country, and should be on the agenda. They should be placed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Social issues and harms caused by rapid changes in human societies are essential issues that have always occupied the minds of sociologists and thinkers. Children and teenagers are one of the most vulnerable groups in today's society. Working children are all people who are under 18 years of age and are directly or indirectly involved in earning money. The theory of social pathology is more reliable than the theory of social disorganization to explain the problem of children. According to this statement, it can be said that the working children of the poor marginalized classes have not been able to adapt in the face of social changes in Iran. It seems that the increase in working children is due to the adaptation of deprived families from the process of power, wealth, and dignity in an unbalanced society. The mutual influence approach is valuable for understanding specific images about children. In general, the importance of working and street children in the city due to the lack of social abilities and skills to correctly and dynamically face the social environment and their dependence on adults to meet their needs and go through the stages of their growth and development is more than other groups. It should be noted that this social phenomenon is understood as a part of the general structure of society. Today, child labor is more prevalent in developing countries of the world. Millions of children are working at a young age to support themselves and their families. Children work in different forms in factories, mines, farms, and different service sectors. Their work is part-time, full-time, seasonal, or permanent. Child laborers receive their wages in various forms of money, some of them do not receive money for their work, and in return for their work, they receive little housing and food. Institutions such as family, education and religious institutions, government, and mass media under social changes cannot fulfill their obligations towards socialization and normalization of children and adolescents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the expansion of child labor in Sari City. Methods: This survey study was approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1399.142 in the Code of Ethics Commission of the Islamic Azad University of Babol branch. This research is of applied type and descriptive-correlation branch. The statistical population of the research includes all the working children of Sari City and the statistical sample was selected based on Cochran's formula, 200 people. In this research, multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling were used. Results: To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests were used with spss24 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of the research variables and its dimensions was more than 0.7. In this research, by using inferential statistics, the relationship between the variables of weak social cohesion, class inequality, inequality of access to public services, weakness of support programs, and breaking of social norms and working children were measured, and the relationship of all variables was confirmed. Conclusion: According to the theoretical issues and theories of the current research and the results obtained from the current research and the previous research that has been done in this field, it can be said that various micro and macro factors are involved in the formation of the phenomenon of working children, including At the macro level, they can be pointed to economic and class inequality, lack of support from organizations and institutions, and marginalization, and at the micro level, they can be the family's cultural poverty, family breakdown (parents' addiction, parents' divorce, parents' death, (they are going to prison) and being physically abused by their parents, which brings with it social harms, including children turning to deviant jobs, delinquency and engaging in risky behaviors. Child labor has an internal contradiction that goes back to the two concepts of play and belonging to the world of adults and play to the world of children. This definition refers to the excessive exploitation of children by rich people in the early period of industrialization. In the past, children participated in food production and services. The results showed that these variables of weak social cohesion, class inequality inequality of access to public services weak support programs, and breaking social norms have a significant relationship with working children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is a non-invasiveness, affordability, and the possibility of repeated use during surgery without significant time consumption. One of the attractions of this modality is the real-time imaging of the lesion. According to the nature of brain tumors, tissue movement can occur in each step of the surgery (including opening dura and start of resection). Thus, real-time intraoperative ultrasonography significantly helps the surgeon to identify the real-time location of the mass and close structures Methods: Between 2019 and 2022, patients with brain tumors were evaluated. To select the samples, 33 patients with intra-axial brain tumors were initially selected. Then, the decisions of two neurosurgeons were collected regarding the possibility of gross total resection of tumors in these cases. As a result, 4 patients were excluded from the study, and 29 patients were included. In the next step, tumor resection was performed using IOUS. According to the pathology results, 10 patients with pathologies other than glioma were excluded, and 19 patients with glioma lesions were evaluated. The patient was admitted with a brain tumor, and initial imaging was done. During surgery, the ultrasound probe with a sterile cover entered the surgical field before opening the dura. The exact location of the tumor was determined over the dura, and so the dura was opened. With the ultrasound guide, the location of the lesion was determined, and the resection of the lesion began. Then, ultrasound was performed intermittently to determine the tumor area, and surgery continued until the complete resection of the lesion. Within 72 hours after the surgery, an MRI was performed to evaluate the extent of resection. In order to measure the tumor volume, MRI images with the same cut distance were evaluated. Therefore, the tumor area in all MRI imaging slices was added together and multiplied by the slice distance. Then, the amount of resection was calculated by comparing the volume of the tumor before and after surgery. Results: 19 patients were selected to participate in the study. Three patients died after surgery and during hospitalization and were therefore not included in the follow-up, but only in the pre-surgical examinations. The characteristics of the patients are listed in table 1. In this study, there were 7 women and 12 men, whose average age was 46.5 years (average 40 years for women and 50 years for men). Most of the patients were middle-aged adults. Regarding the alertness and functional status of the patients, the average GCS was 13, and the median GCS of the samples was 14. The minimum GCS was 9, corresponding to a 58-year-old man with recurrent glioblastoma. Also, the median KPS of the patients was 80, the minimum of which was 10 and related to the same patient with glioblastoma recurrence. Regarding the location of the lesions, most of the lesions were observed in the frontal lobe and mostly on the left side. In 32% of patients (6 out of 19 patients), the tumor was located in the eloquent area, and the lesion had an ill margin in 17 out of 19 patients. 3 patients died after surgery and they were excluded from the analysis. In the remaining 16 patients, the average length of surgery was 3 hours, with a minimum of 1.5 hours and a maximum of 5 hours. The average intraoperative bleeding was 350 cc. Also, in examining the consciousness, the average GCS was 10.4 in one hour after surgery, 12.3 in 6 hours after surgery, and 12.8 in 24 hours after surgery. The average length of hospitalization in 16 patients with glioma who survived was 9.3 days, with a minimum hospitalization time of 3 days and a maximum of 38 days. In 16 patients of this study, the size and amount of tumor resection were calculated according to the imaging done before and after the surgery. The mean size of the tumor in pre-surgical imaging was 30.44 cc. The smallest tumor was 3.5 cc in a 47-year-old woman with complaints of headache and convulsions, whose lesion was located in the right parietal, with glioblastoma pathology. There were no lesions left in imaging after surgery. Also, the largest tumor was 74 cc in a 52-year-old man with a complaint of anxiety. In imaging, a butterfly-type glioma was observed with frontal involvement on both sides (predominantly on the right side). In the postsurgery examination, only 56% of the tumor was resected, which happened due to the proximity of the lesion to the lateral ventricle and preventing the opening of the ventricle. In the post-surgery imaging, the mean tumor size was 4 cc. In evaluating the extent of resection, an average of 90.5% of the tumor was resected. The largest residual tumor of 32 cc was related to the patient with a butterfly tumor, which was mentioned earlier. Out of 16 patients examined, 11 patients were extubated in the operating room. The reason for non-extubation in 5 other patients was low GCS. Based on the extent of resection, the amount of resection was divided into three categories: gross total resection (GTR) with a tumor removal rate of more than 95%, subtotal resection (STR) with a tumor removal rate between 80 and 95%, and partial resection (PR) with a tumor removal rate of less than 80%. According to this classification, there was only one patient with partial resection in the study. In the comparison between the amount of resection and the complications after surgery, it was observed that resection of GTR is related to the amount of dysphagia experienced by the patient after surgery. It was also observed that the rate of extubation in women is significantly higher than in men. All 6 women in the study were extubated in the operating room, whereas only 5 out of 10 men were extubated during surgery. The study did not find any correlation between complications and the amount of tumor resection or bleeding, nor hospitalization of patients. However, more comprehensive studies are needed for a more detailed investigation. Conclusion: Ultrasound during surgery can be used as a modality in brain tumor surgery because it has efficient results, and its use is easy and cheap. Although ultrasound cannot be considered as a substitute for other modalities during surgery to monitor the patient, its use can be beneficial for the patient. Among the important advantages of using ultrasound during surgery that were observed in the patients of this study, we can mention the possibility of detecting the ventricles in the periphery of the tumor and preventing entry into the ventricle during surgery, which prevents the occurrence of significant complications such as ventriculitis. One of the reasons why complete resection was not performed in some patients was the long interval between preoperative imaging and surgery, which caused some tumor foci to be missed during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: At the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, the corona virus disease spread rapidly throughout China. The beginning of 2020 brought a new challenge to mankind, which was the corona virus or the Covid-19 virus, and it became a global health threat. Corona virus disease is caused by severe acute respiratory disease. The acute syndrome of the corona virus is an epidemic that affects all people and Covid-19 has had a serious impact on thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Research demonstrated that mindfulness-based training can effectively relieve the negative psychological consequences of the outbreak of Covid-19 and help restore well-being, especially for the most vulnerable people. Mindfulness has made people better cope with quarantine conditions and the Covid-19 pandemic. Mindfulness training can direct attention to breathing and keep people away from negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and fear during the corona epidemic. Mindfulness is caused that individual recognize gradually their mind and thinking styles which are come regularly and habitually and also other benefits of mindfulness is to increase their patience, appreciating and awareness of their body. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness if mindfulness therapy on dysfunctional attitudes, of Covid-19. Methods: For the present quasi-experimental study, which was performed with a pre-test-post-test design, among Covid – 19 patients with an age range of 18 to 60 years who were living in Isfahan city in the year 2020. The statistical sample of the current research consisted of 30 people who recovered from corona disease living in Isfahan city in 2020 and among them 30 people who got corona virus were selected through convenience sampling on the purpose based on the entry criteria and were randomly placed in to two experimental and control groups. In each group, there were 15 people, 9 men and 6 women in the experimental group and 5 men and 10 women in the control group. To collect the data Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Wiseman and Beck, 1987) was used and the Mindfulness Therapy Program Intervention was applied and the treatment protocol used in the present study consisted of eight 120- minute sessions, which have been studied in various studies according to Kabat-Zinn et al.'s (1990) protocol, and the results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on ineffective attitudes. Finally, in the current research, in addition to using descriptive indices including frequency, mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics were used to examine hypotheses from univariate covariance analysis using SPSS version 20 software at a significance level of p<0.05 for statistical analysis of data. Results: The results of ANCOVA analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in ineffective attitudes (P=0.005), in the post-test stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mindfulness treatment program has reduced dysfunctional attitudes in the experimental group compared to the control group. The calculated effect size or eta squared value indicates that 26% of the changes in ineffective attitudes scores were due to the effect of the independent variable (implementation of the mindfulness treatment program). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the research findings, it can be stated that the hypothesis of the research was confirmed that eight sessions of the treatment of mindfulness has been effective in reducing dysfunctional attitudes of Covid – 19 patients. The current research, like other researches, has limitations, including the method of data collection online and virtual. The limitation of the equal number of demographic information in each group of samples and treatment follow-up can be mentioned as limitations of the research. The age range of 18 to 60 was one of the criteria for entering the research, and the findings of the results cannot be generalized to those under 18 and over 60. In the current research, only the effectiveness of mindfulness has been investigated, so other treatment approaches have not been investigated. Since the present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental study design, it may also be one of the important beginnings for other studies in the future and critical situations. The present study has practical implications for counselors, psychotherapists, educational management and policy makers. In order to confirm or not confirm the long-term effectiveness of the training given in connection with the consequences of Corona, more research should be done by other researchers. It is also suggested that the effectiveness of this treatment approach should be followed up for several months. It is suggested that the effectiveness of mindfulness on other variables such as psychological well-being, quality of life, mental health, spontaneous thoughts, and styles of coping with stress and fear of corona should be done. The results of the research are useful and practical as a non-drug treatment for people in the corona and post-corona period. Therefore, mental health professionals are advised to pay special attention to dysfunctional attitudes and coping strategies and plan to prevent and reduce the complications and risks of dysfunctional attitudes. A variety of face-to-face and online training and treatment programs are recommended by mental health experts to reduce dysfunctional attitudes for healthy people, infected with Corona, and people who have experienced bereavement caused by Corona. Since there are parts of the country without access to the Internet and mobile phones, and also elderly people may lack the necessary skills to use smartphones, therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures along with the observance of health protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between reserves and insulin demand.RBP4 is one of these adipocytes whose serum concentrations increase in different models of rats with type 2 diabetes and people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the interactive effect of High Intensity Exercise Training (HIIT) and n-chromosomal royal jelly on RBP4 and AMPK gene expression in liver hepatocytes and glucose levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Intense interval training is usually performed with intensities above 90% of the maximum heart rate and short rest periods and a training duration of less than 20 minutes. Royal Jelly is a yellowish white substance secreted by the submandibular glands of worker bees and by the queen bee is consumed throughout its life and the larvae during the growing period. Due to their anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory effects, various drugs are obtained from Royal Jelly. Evidence from studies shows that the possibility of RBP4 and AMPK gene expression in soleus muscle plays an important role in increasing consumption glucose. Therefore, this article intends to report the interactive effect of HIIT and consumption of n-chromosomal royal jelly on glucose regulatory factors. Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of rats. After 20 weeks of high-fat diet, rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg STZ per kg body weight. Mice with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg / dL were considered to have type 2 diabetes. Mice were treated in 4 groups: 6-head diabetic control, 8-period periodic training, 7-head Royal Jelly, 8-head Periodic Exercise, and 8-head Royal Jelly training group and training protocol and gel-royal gavage. The HIIT protocol consisted of eight weeks of aerobic exercise, five sessions per week with a gradual increase in extreme frequency from 22 to 38 meters per minute and a rest period of 16 to 22 meters per minute for 15 to 34 minutes by running on a treadmill. Running time increased from 16 minutes in the first week to 34 minutes in the eighth week. At the end of the training period and 48 hours after the last training session, the experimental training groups and after 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by ether anesthetic. Blood samples were collected from the heart. Glucose was measured using an auto-analyzer. Insulin measured by a special kit of Pars Azmoun Company. The insulin resistance index was calculated using the formula and gene expression was also determined by RT-PCR. To describe the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the differences between groups and twofactor analysis of variance and effect size index were used to compare the effect of each of the independent variables. Significance level it was considered p≤0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), pervasive developmental disorders are divided into the categories of autism, RAT, child collapse disorder, and Asperger's (2). Meanwhile, autism disorder is one of the diseases of the group of pervasive developmental disorders, which is characterized by persistent destruction in mutual social interaction, communication delay or deviation, and limited stereotyped communication pattern (3). The characteristics of this disorder, as well as the sometimes difficult and late diagnosis, the appearance of symptoms after a normal child's development, the lack of definitive and effective treatments, and the not very favorable prognosis, can put severe psychological pressure on the family. And the parents of the child should impose (4). Fascination is caused by the balance between the skill required to perform the activity and the challenge caused by the activity, so that if the challenge is more than the skill, anxiety is created, if the challenge is less than the skill, boredom and if both challenge and skill are low, apathy. appears (7). On the other hand, it is important to have the spirit and attitude to help in the work environment, especially for educators of special children such as children on the autism spectrum, because in the educational environments of children with autism, there are different views about the attitude towards seeking help. Helping attitude depends on the perceived benefit and perceived threat of help-seeking. Perceived benefit means that a person sees help-seeking as an effective strategy to promote learning, while perceived threat refers to the threat to a person's self-worth that arises by admitting the need for help (8). In general, there are few studies about the attitude towards the use of the selected approaches in this research, repeating and comparing the effectiveness of the intervention method is of great importance. By repeating this treatment method on the teachers of autistic children, if the previous results are confirmed, additional evidence is provided, and if the previous evidence is not confirmed, it provides new windows for research. Based on the researches, no research has been done in Iran regarding the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach in the educators of autistic children with emphasis on the attitude to help and fascination related to work. Based on this, despite the need to conduct a detailed study and deal with the details of the phenomenon in question, the present study tries to answer the question of whether mindfulness based on spiritual schemas has an effect on the attitude towards help and fascination related to the work of educators of autistic children. Is it effective? Methods: In order to conduct the present semi-experimental research, which was carried out with a pre-test, post-test follow-up design with a control group, among male and female trainers of autistic children in private rehabilitation centers (Golhai Chalus, Nik-Andishan Sari and Mendan Sepid Babol) in Mazandaran, which in In the third quarter of 2019, 30 people were working in these specialized centers (under the cover of welfare organization) and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Then the subjects completed the help-seeking attitude (HAS) questionnaires of Nickel J.S. (1998) and Bakr's passion for work (2008). received for half an hour, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. After the end and 2 months later, all subjects completed the questionnaires again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Aging is a process of deterioration over time. On the other hand, the prevalence of heart diseases has increased with the increase in life expectancy. Important genes that play a role in the aging process are related to telomerase activity, which plays an important role in heart health. are considered a strong stimulant for the telomere system. Also, coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble vitamin, which improves cardiovascular function. The general purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of six weeks of aerobic training along with Q10 supplementation on TRF1 and TRF2 gene expression. Heart tissue was from aged male Wistar rats. Methods: The current study was a developmental study and its method was an experimental one. The statistical population of the current study was 17 old Wistar male mice aged 88 to 96 weeks with an average weight of 404 grams from Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Company. This research was conducted in the physiology laboratory of Shahid Rajaei Tarbiat University. All mice had the same environmental conditions in terms of air temperature (25±2) degrees Celsius, relative humidity (55±5) and day-night cycle (12-12 hours) of light and darkness. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups including 3 groups of three (exercise sham-supplement sham-control) and two groups of four (aerobic exercise-aerobic exercise and supplement). Laboratory animals were used and approved by the research ethics committee of the Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Ethics ID: IR.SSRC.REC.1401.051) and conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Tarbiat University, Shahid Rajaei. This study was conducted with a post-test design for measuring TRF1 and TRF2 and a pre-test-post-test design for measuring Vpeak and lee index. The independent variables of the research included aerobic exercise and Q10 supplement, and the dependent variables included TRF1 gene and TRF2 gene. At the beginning of the study, the animals were familiarized with the environment and trained on a treadmill for two weeks. Finally, after the last familiarization session and after 48 hours of rest, Vpeak [the maximum amount of VO2 (oxygen consumption) during an exercise test is increasing in which all VO2max criteria are not fulfilled (11) and the Lee index of all subjects were measured. The incremental test started with a speed of 5 m/min and a speed equivalent to 5 m/min was added every three minutes. The time to reach fatigue was determined by the mice's inability to run on the treadmill. Based on the maximum speed obtained, the training protocol was designed for six weeks and five sessions per week for the training groups, and then the training protocols were started (1, 2). Vpeak is measured every two weeks to determine training intensity (14). The program of moderate intensity aerobic training (MICT) is as follows: in the first week, it was performed with an intensity of 65% of Vpeak for 15 minutes, and in the sixth week, it reached an intensity of 70% of Vpeak in 30 minutes: the subjects before starting the protocol with an intensity of -40 50% of Vpeak was heated for 5 minutes and cooled down after completing the protocol. The sham group was given sesame oil by gavage to give stress. The aerobic exercisesupplement group was given 20 mg of fat-soluble Q10 supplement per kilogram of body weight combined with 0.5 cc of sesame oil by gavage for 42 days. The bodyweight was given to the aerobic exercise group. The supplement was prepared from its manufacturing company called Nano Kimia Salamat (15, 16). 48 hours after the end of the protocols and the last training session, Vpeak and Lee's index were measured, and also the height and weight of the mice were measured every week. Nasoanal length[cm]] ×1000 was used. 48 hours after the last training session, the samples were anesthetized with a combination of xylazine 5 to 10 mg/kg and ketamine 50 to 100 mg/kg. Then the heart tissue was extracted and washed with PBS and transferred to a negative 80 centigrade freezer and then transferred to the laboratory for tissue analysis using standard kits for gene expression by PCR method (2, 3, 17). Specialized laboratory processes were performed to measure the expression level of TRF1 and TRF2 genes and to measure telomere length using Real time-PCR method. Quantitative real time-PCR was used to measure the gene expression levels using special primers. Amplification of TRF2 and TRF1 genes as well as GAPDH reference gene was done to measure gene expression by real time PCR based on the standard method. To measure the decrease or increase in the expression of TRF1 and TRF2 genes, its expression was compared with the expression of internal control genes. For this purpose, F and R primers and cDNA were added to the master mix and the final volume was prepared for Real time PCR reaction. The primers used were prepared from Cinagen company, made in Iran. (18, 19) Then the real time PCR process was performed using the QIAGEN machine and each reaction was performed in duplicate. After the reaction, the raw data was extracted and the amount was calculated. Expression of genes was done using method 2-ΔΔCt. (20) After collecting the raw data, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data distribution. Then, in order to statistically analyze the data and compare between the groups two-way ANOVA test was used, and because the groups were unequal, the Scheffe test was used. Correlated T-test was used to check the changes of stabilizing variables. All statistical calculations were done using SPSS26 software at a significant level of P≤0.05. Excel2013 software was used to draw graphs. Results: Based on the obtained results, there was a significant difference between the groups after six weeks of aerobic training along with Q10 supplementation on TRF1 and TRF2 gene expression. (P≤0.05) Conclusion: In general, the present study showed that aerobic exercise along with Q10 supplementation increases the expression of TRF1 and TRF2 genes in heart tissue. Therefore, according to the above result, it is possible to cautiously recommend aerobic exercise along with Q10 supplementation for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Melanoma cancer is one of the most common types of skin cancer. In this cancer, skin cells grow uncontrollably and divide rapidly. Cytokines play an important role in regulating immune function. Cytokines also play an important role in the onset and proliferation of various cancers. Cytokines, especially interleukin-8, play an important role in tumor growth. Interleukin-8 also plays a role in angiogenesis, tumor volume growth. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of diseases is considered by traditional medicine experts. Various studies have shown that nettle extract is involved in several biological and biochemical activities, which have the potential to treat various disorders that affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, genitourinary system and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In recent years, endurance exercise has been introduced as a safe intervention in preventing and improving the quality of life of people with cancer. However, the therapeutic aspects of exercise training and the mechanisms of effect of this type of exercise on effective indicators and cancerous tumors, especially melanoma, are still debated and less research has been done to identify the effective mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on IL-8 and Tumor volume gene expression in mice with melanoma. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult male rats with weighing 300 to 350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups, including groups of: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. This research, which is the result of a working group, was approved by the code of ethics No. IR.IAU.M.REC.1399.008 in the Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch. Humidity of 55 5 5% and light cycle were maintained at 12:12 with proper ventilation. Animal feed and water were freely available until the end of the protocol. B16F10 cells were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. These cells were selected because the cell type was the same as the studied mouse species. The cells were cultured in M199 medium and when the cell density reached 80%, they were prepared for injection into mice. Exercise training was performed on a treadmill for six weeks and 5 sessions per week. Mice were trained for 10 to 15 minutes at a speed of 10 meters per minute for 5 days in order to get acquainted with the treadmill for a week. From the second week, the overload phase was performed for three weeks until the end of the fourth week. In the next steps and every day of training, 3 minutes of activity time and one meter per minute were added to the treadmill speed. At the end of the fourth week, the speed of the treadmill reached 28 meters per minute for 60 minutes of activity. One week after induction of melanoma cancer and through implantation of the tumor under the skin. To prepare the extract of nettle, some stems and leaves of nettle were collected and washed in small pieces, then dried in the open air and powdered. Then aqueous extract of nettle was prepared. the experimental group consumed 30 mg / kg / day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last session of endurance activity. RT PCR was used to measure the expression of IL-8gene . Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of data distribution and Levin test was used to examine the homogeneity of variance. Also, to investigate the significant changes in each of the research variables, one-way analysis of variance was used between different groups and if a statistically significant difference was observed, Tukey post hoc test in ANOVA program was used to determine the location of intergroup differences. Results: The results of the present study showed that consumption of nettle extract and aerobic exercise significantly reduced the expression of interleukin 8 in the experimental groups compared with the control group (p = 0.125, p = 0.278, = 0.174, respectively. p). IL-8 gene expression decreased in experimental groups compared to control group; But it did not reach a significant level. These results showed that physical exercise reduced the expression of IL8 gene and also these values were reduced in the extract group and the extract and exercise (combined) group, but the relevant values were not significant. The results also showed that tumor volume was significantly reduced among the experimental groups compared to the control group (p = 0.021, p = 0.136, p = 0.047, respectively). The results also showed that tumor volume in the experimental groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The results of this study showed that exercise and exercise and extract (combined) could cause a significant reduction in tumor volume, but the reduction in the extract group was not significant compared to the control group. Conclusion: The data of the present study show that endurance training combined with nettle extract has an effective role in reducing the expression of cytokine interleukin 8 in mice with melanoma and since the reduction of this cytokine is associated with a decrease in tumor volume. Overall, it can be concluded that endurance training can modulate the levels of angiogenic cytokines within the tumor and also regulate inflammatory cytokines. Also in tumor tissue, cytokines are produced by tumor cells. In mice, treatment with nettle extract is likely to be enhanced due to increased antioxidant mechanisms. The activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and glutathione content (GSH) were also increased. One of the prominent symptoms of cancer is resistance to apoptosis, which indicates that the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an important anti-cancer mechanism. In addition, patoltin inhibits proliferation by an apoptotic activity in several tumor cell lines. Its role in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cell lines occurs by activating apoptotic pathways. Nettle extract contains other compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and homovanilic acid, all of which are associated with anti-cancer properties. These activities may also be attributed to the flavonoid content of nettle. According to the results of this study and some similar studies, it can be concluded that physical activity and consumption of nettle extract can play an effective role in controlling the progression of melanoma cancer, reducing tumor volume, prevention and even treatment of melanoma cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Researches show that in every sport, elite athletes have special physiological, neurocognitive and motor characteristics (4-6). Therefore, knowing these characteristics, especially in elite athletes, helps trainers and experts in sports science to identify the right people in line with scientific talent and to optimally design training programs necessary to achieve sports success. (7). soccer is a team sport where players face complex movements such as running with a quick change of direction, with or without the ball, and its people have different characteristics and according to the nature of this sport and the environment in which the game is played, both From the size of the field, playing environment, playing time, playing systems and skills and conflicts in this sport, many factors play a role (8). Therefore, it is natural that it also has special motor needs, knowing them will help researchers to prepare the necessary programs according to the special needs of this sport. In this regard, the results of some studies support the opinion that the difference in the performance of elite soccer athletes is related to their motor characteristics more than any other factor (10, 11). Hoyt et al. (2014) in a study evaluated the motor profile of elite female soccer players in international competitions and the effect of team ranking on the physical demands of the game. A decrease in high-intensity running was reported in the 60- to 75-min and 90-75 min intensity periods compared to the 0- to 15-min period of 22.4% and 26.1%, although maximum game speed distances remained unchanged (12). In another research, it was found that the soccer pass test and soccer shot test are valid and reliable protocols for evaluating the differences in the performance of motor skills of soccer players (15). Identifying and developing effective talent for elite players is a major challenge for National Olympic Committees, youth academies, coaches and budget allocations. However, no research has been done in the field of identifying the special motor characteristics of young elite football players in the country. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the question of what are the special the motor skills in the elite players of soccer national team in the Iranian men under 23-year? Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive research in the three levels of description, explanation and discovery was formed by 200 elite male soccer players under the age of 23 in Iran. The sampling method was counting and the number of samples was (control, passing in motion, shooting, dribbling and heading) and group motor skills (creating space, combination play, transition from attack to defense, transition from defense to attack and group press) in the elite soccer players was evaluated using standard tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims safe nursing care is the use of knowledge and skills by nurses to provide quality patient care and it is considered one of the health goals in intensive care units. The feeling of being supported by the hospital play a key role in achieving this goal; it can lead to job satisfaction, good job performance, and patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine the relationship between perceived organizational support and safe nursing care in nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) of public hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 200 nurses working in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022, who were selected using a quota sampling method. Eisenberger et al.’s perceived organizational support scale and Rashvand et al.’s safe nursing care questionaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was done in SPSS v.16 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test). Results The mean score of perceived organizational support was 23.20±9.57, which was lower than the cutoff point. Safe nursing care was at a favorable level with a mean score of 322.89±34.1. The perceived organizational support had no statistically significant correlation with safe nursing care and its dimensions. Conclusion Despite the unfavorable perceived organizational support of ICU nurses in Tabriz, their safe nursing care is favorable. There is no statistically significant relationship between their perceived organizational support and safe nursing care. This finding is probably due to the prevailing rules and professional beliefs in the work of nurses, which has caused the care provided to be safe despite the perception of low organizational support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Breast cancer (BC) is one of the important challenges of the health system due to its impact on marital relationships. This study aims to compare sexual function and sexual distress of women with and without BC. Materials & Methods In this case-control study, 75 women with BC and 75 healthy women from Zanjan, Iran participated. Data were collected using a demographic form, the female sexual distress scale-revised (FSDS-R), and the female sexual function index (FSFI). Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 20 using the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results The mean age of patients was 36.49±6.53 years and the mean age of controls was 36±0.72 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of some demographic variables such as age, educational level of women and their husbands, occupation of women and their husbands, place of residence, and number of children (P>0.05). The mean score of FSFI in all subscales in the patient group was lower than in the control group. This difference was statistically significant only in the dimension of desire (P=0.003). regarding the sexual distress variable, the mean FSDS-R score of healthy women was lower than that of women with breast cancer, but this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The difference between women with and without breast cancer is significant only in the desire domain of sexual function. There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sexual distress and in other domains of sexual function. The sexual problems of women with BC require consideration and support, and provding counseling in terms of sexual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims The present study aims to determine the fear of COVID-19 in the elderly newly diagnosed with cancer referred to selected hospitals affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods In this longitudinal study, 174 elderly people newly diagnosed with cancer referred to the selected hospitals participated, who were selected using a continus sampling method. To collect data, a demographic form, the Abbreviated Mental Test, and the 7-item fear of COVID-19 scale were used before diagnosis, one month after, and two months after. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. Results Fear of COVID-19 level at the time of cancer diagnosis was moderate (mean score: 17.69±4.74). In the second stage (one month after the diagnosis), the mean score was 14.26±4.09. In the third stage (two months after diagnosis), the mean score was 11.81±4.13. Fear of COVID-19 at the time of cancer diagnosis was significantly different based on marital status (P=0.049), underlying diseases (P=0.014), and perception of health (P=0.004). Conclusion Fear of COVID-19 can disrupt the process of treatment and chemotherapy in elderly patients with cancer. It is recommended to develop interventions to improve the mental health of the elderly with cancer during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Admitting a child to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) brings various physical, psychological and social consequences for parents. Supporting parental self-efficacy is a step to ensure successful implementation of pediatric care. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions to reduce anxiety and stress and improve self-efficacy of parents. Although mobile-based education has been used for patients in many studies, its use for family caregivers of children admitted to PICU is limited. This study aims to assess the effect of a mobile-based educational program on the anxiety and self-efficacy of mothers with children admitted to PICUs in Iran. Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, participants were 60 mothers of children admitted to the PICUs of hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran from April to August 2022. They were selected using a convenience sampling method and were divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a mobile-based educational program for four days, one session per day, each for 60 minutes. For the control group, routine education was given by the ward nurses. Data were collected by Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory and Schwarzer & Jerusalem’s general self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean self-efficacy score in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the pre-intervention score (from 19.60±4.01 to 21.87±5.13; P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (from 18.53±4.23 to 19.30±5.40; P=0.393). In the intervention group, the mean anxiety score decreased significantly compared to the pre-intervention score (from 47.33±5.52 to 43.63±5.27; P=0.001) but no significant difference was observed in the control group (from 48.30±6.88 to 46.43±9.02; P=0.131). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety and self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention (P>0.05). Conclusion Nurses can reduce anxiety and increase the self-efficacy of mothers of children admitted to PICUs by using other measures along with virtual education, which requires more research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Healthcare providers are responsible for providing services to mothers and infants during disasters. The purpose of this study is to determine their educational needs for maternal and newborn care during disasters in Iran. Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2017 on 208 healthcare providers (nurses, practical nurses, and midwives) from nine armed forces hospitals in Tehran, Iran who were selected by a census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable face validity, content validity, and structure, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software, version 16. Results The mean score on the educational needs assessment scale was higher in the fields of sexual violence management (4.30±0.01) and information management (4.28±0.01), indicating the high need for education in these areas. The lowest scores were in the fields of postpartum care in newborns (2.19±0.96) and responsiveness (2.98±0.89). In total, the educational needs of healthcare providers were high (3.3±0.43). Conclusion The readiness of healthcare providers in Iran to provide maternal and newborn care during disasters is low and needs more attention. Therefore, it is recommended to compile and revise university educational programs and implement continuous education programs based on the results of this study in the proposed areas (especially sexual violence management and information management) in a regular, periodic, and continuous manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]