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Abstract Background and Aims : Burning mouth (BMs) is a chronic burning sensation involving the mucous membrane of the mouth, usually without associated clinical signs and laboratory findings Present study was under taken to determine the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome in people over 20 years old in city of Zahedan and was done in 2019-2020. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighty-four individuals over 20 years old were randomly selected from 20 health centers in Zahedan City, including 229 women and 155 men. Their oral mucosa was examined by a Dentistt and a guestionnaire from was completed for them. Statistical tables and graphs, frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 19. Results: Twenty-nine people reported burning mouth (7.6%). Of these, 13 patients had burning mouth without systemic disease, oral lesion and denture and were considered primary BMS, and 16 patients had systemic disease, oral lesion and denture, and were classified as secondary BMS. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that it seems that age of BMS is lower in Zahedan population than other studies. The females and tongue were the most gender and location and the average age of the patients was lower than the available average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since orthodontic removable appliances might be infected with fungi and bacteria, they need to be cleaned using natural disinfectants and chemicals. This study aimed to compare the clinical impact of thyme essence and Fluconazole solution on the amount of Candida albicans colonies and Streptococcus mutans accumulated on the removable appliances in orthodontic patients. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 21 patients were selected who used the wear Hawley’s retainer for 24-hours. Patients were divided into three groups of seven. One group first washed the plaque with soap and water and then spray thyme essence all over it at a 5-centimeter distance (4 times on each side). In the other group, as before, the plaque was washed and from the same distance as before, the fluconazole solution (10 mg/ml) was sprayed on all surfaces 4 times. In the control group, the retainer was washed every night only with soap and water. After one month, the retainers were delivered form patients. The two samples were then separated from the Kami platelets and sent to a laboratory for microbial culture. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, T-test (α = 0.05). Results: The use of thyme essence increases the mean area of Candida albicans inhibition, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p value = 0.03). The effect of Fluconazole solution on this mean area )Candida albicans inhibition zone( was not significant compared to that observed in the control group (p value = 0.5). In the group in which thyme essence was used, the mean area of Streptococcus mutans inhibition, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p value = 0.05). When Fluconazole solution was used, the mean area of Streptococcus mutans inhibition, was not significant compared to that observed in the control group (p value = 0.071). Conclusion: Compared to Fluconazole solution, thyme essence functions more effectively in increasing Candida and Streptococcus mutans inhibition zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Candida species are normal flora in the human body and are the main cause of hospital infections in people with underlying disease. The purpose of the present study was comparison of the conventional and molecular laboratory methods in identifying different species of Candida to find the optimal method. Materials & Methods: 60 Candida isolates were obtained from oropharyngeal candidiasis patients and recognized using laboratory routine methods including germ tube production, culture on CHROMagar medium, API 20 C AUX kit and molecular ITS sequencing method. The concordances between the methods compared to the molecular method were measured by the kappa coefficient using SPSS 16.0 software. Findings: Out of 60 Candida isolates, 10 isolates (16.6%) in germ tube formation test, 8 isolates (13.33%) in the API test, and 9 isolates (15%) in the culture on CHROMagar medium have different results in comparison to the ITS sequencing method. Germ tube (k= 0.90) and culture on CHROMagar medium methods (k= 0.66) showed the highest and the lowest agreement with the molecular method in the identification of Candida albicans species respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that conventional methods alone cannot diagnose all Candida species and molecular methods such as ITS sequencing can be used to confirm the identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Candidiasis is an oral infection that is caused in most cases by Candida albicans contamination.It is found as a symbiotic fungus in the oral cavity of 30-60% of healthy subjects. In this study, confirmed cases of oral candidiasis and its relationship with predisposing factors, prevalence of the infection and its variants were studied in patients referring to the Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran. Materials & Methods: In present cross-sectional study, all the patients' medical records in the Department of Oral Medicine, Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, from May 2013 to May 2015 were reviewed. The necessary data were recorded in the relevant datasheets and analyzed with Fisher’s exact and chi-squared test using SPSS 17 (α = 0.05). Results: Of 13377 medical records evaluated, 123 confirmed candidiasis cases were found. A statistically significant relationship was observed between oral candidiasis and age (p value = 0.004) and use of dentures (p value < 0.001).However, there were no significant relationships between candidiasis and gender (p value = 0.240), smoking and alcohol use (p value = 0.383), use of various medications (p value = 0.180) and different systemic conditions (p value = 0.908). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, lower age groups were at a higher risk for oral candidiasis. In addition, some types of oral candidiasis such as denture stomatitis and angular cheilitis were more common in patients wearing dentures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Dentists have usually a critical role in diagnosing oral cancer lesions in their early stages. In this study we aimed to assess the senior dental students and dentists' knowledge, attitude and behaviors regarding oral cancer, in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was designed to assess the current practice, knowledge and attitude of general dentists working in Isfahan-Iran and senior dental students regarding oral cancer lesions. The questionnaire was consisted of questions to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding diagnosis, risk factors and prognosis of oropharyngeal cancerous lesions. The frequencies of answers to questions in sections of practice and attitude (just for dentists) and sum score of questions in knowledge section were calculated and compared using statistical analysis regarding age, sex, duration of experience and practice setting (public/private) of participants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square, linear regression and logistic regression. Results: 139 questionnaires from dentists and 57 questionnaires from students were returned. Mean score of dentist' knowledge was 5.41 out of 13(CI95%=5.03-7.79). No significant differences were observed among dentists regarding their experience (P= 0/001). Just one fifth of the dentists in our survey reported to performed oral cancer examination for all of their patients in age of 40 and above and just about 34% of dentists gained acceptable level of knowledge. Among senior dental students the status of knowledge was better as about 58% of them gained the level of acceptance (P=0.01). Conclusion: Although dentists were willing to follow the diagnostic protocol for oral, they mostly were unsatisfied with the level of their knowledge. Therefore, this study highlights the need for educational planning and training activities with regard to the risk factors and early detection of oral cancer in general dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Candida albicans is a pathogenic yeast that causes oral, vaginal and systemic infections. Oral candidiasis is treated with antifungal agents, particularly triazoles such as fluconazole. However, the overuse of fluconazole has resulted in the emergence of azole-resistant strains of Candida. This study tried to evaluate the sensitivity to fluconazole in strains of C. albicans clinical isolates from oral candidiasis of AIDS patients by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. Methods: The study included 66 C. albicans isolated from oral candidiasis of AIDS patients. C. albicans ATCC10231 was used as sensitive control and C. albicans ATCC76615 as resistant control. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole for all isolates were determined by broth microdilution assays for yeasts according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The MICs were evaluated after 48h of incubation at 35°C. The disk diffusion test was performed according to the procedure outlined in CLSI M44-S2 document. Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg/ml of methylene blue was used and the results were read after 24h incubation at 35°C. Findings: Significant differences were not observed between broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods for evaluating the sensitivity of isolates to fluconazole. Conclusion: However, while broth microdilution is a difficult, time consuming technique, disk diffusion test is a quick and simple method for determining the sensitivity of yeasts to fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]