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Aim: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a key crop within the Solanaceae family and ranks as the most significant non-cereal crop globally following major staples such as wheat, rice, and corn. Potatoes can reproduce sexually and asexually via tubers, and plant tissue culture is emerging as an effective method for vegetative propagation, addressing the increasing global demand for agricultural products. Ethylene, a critical plant growth regulator, influences various physiological processes including growth and development. During in vitro culture and due to the wounding of explants, ethylene accumulation can lead to abnormal biological responses, with potato seedlings being susceptible. Thus, investigating the effects of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors such as pyrazinamide (PZA) and AgNO3 on potato growth in vitro is essential. Material and Methods: In this study, potato seedlings were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with concentrations of PZA ranging from 0 to 6 mg L-1 and AgNO3 at 2 mg L-1. After four weeks, the seedlings were harvested and stored at -70°C for later analysis. The growth parameters measured included fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), stem and root lengths, leaf area, and leaf and root number. In addition, biochemical parameters, such as photosynthetic pigment levels, total phenol content (TPC), total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proline concentration were analyzed. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS and PAST software Results: The results showed that the 2 mg L-1 PZA treatment led to the highest FW and DW and increased leaf numbers; however, it was also correlated with a lower number of rooted plants. Conversely, treatments with 6 mg L-1 PZA promoted longer stem growth, whereas control plants exhibited the largest leaf area, and AgNO3-treated plants produced the longest roots. The accumulation of H2O2 in plants treated with ethylene inhibitors was like controls, but total ROS levels soared by 36% in those treated with 6 mg L-1 PZA compared to controls. This suggests a link between reduced ethylene production, oxidative stress mitigation, and enhanced potato growth. Additionally, total ROS was positively correlated with stem length, but negatively correlated with root length. Plants use several strategies to combat the damaging effects of ROS, such as the production of antioxidant compounds such as phenolics. Although PZA did not significantly alter TPC compared to controls, treatment with AgNO3 caused a 61% reduction in TPC. Therefore, PZA did not appear to significantly affect phenolics production in the potato seedlings. Proline, another critical antioxidant in plants, was found to accumulate significantly in the leaves of plants treated with 6 mg L-1 PZA, which was more than 2.3 times higher than that in controls. This accumulation correlated positively with ROS levels at higher PZA concentrations but showed an inverse relationship with photosynthetic pigment levels. The PCA revealed the relationships between the measured parameters and the applied elicitors. The samples were categorized into four distinct groups: 1. Control group: This group primarily exhibited higher FW, DW, and longer roots compared to the treated plants. 2. Low PZA dose group: These plants displayed elevated levels of photosynthetic pigments, TPC, and leaf area. 3. Medium PZA dose group: Correlations were observed with an increased number of roots. 4. 6 mg L-1 PZA and AgNO3 group: These samples contained elevated levels of total ROS and proline. Conclusion: The study concludes that low concentrations of PZA can stimulate growth while inhibiting ethylene production, resulting in fewer growth abnormalities compared to control plants. However, at elevated PZA concentrations, increased ROS levels may lead to oxidative stress, emphasizing the delicate balance in ethylene's role in plant growth and the necessity for further research to optimize conditions for potato cultivation in vitro. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how ethylene inhibitors can enhance potato propagation and possibly other crops in controlled agricultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and anticancer effects of root and sprout samples from Multi-hued Bulk, Black, and Titicaca Quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (AGS). These varieties were cultivated using a complete randomized block design with four replications in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran (research field of Yazd University). Root samples were harvested before seed filling from a soil depth of 30 cm. Once the seed germination and filling stages were complete, 100 g of seeds from each variety were randomly selected without hulling to produce sprouts. The total saponins content, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity (Ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH free radical inhibition) of the hydroethanolic extract (80:20) (obtained using the Soxhlet method, at 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/mL) were evaluated for root and sprout samples of all three varieties. Based on the results, the highest saponin contents (mg/g dry weight) were observed in the Black root (4.24) and Titicaca root (1.7), while the lowest saponin content (0.6) was found in the Black sprout. The Black and Titicaca sprout extracts at 1000 mg/mL had significantly higher total phenolic (172.68 mgGAE/gDW) and flavonoid (128.17 mgQ/gDW) contents, as well as antioxidant capacity compared to the corresponding samples from the Multi-hued Bulk variety and the root samples of all three varieties. The lowest and highest DPPH IC50 values were observed in the Black sprout and Multi-hued Bulk root extracts at 1000 mg/mL (1.11 and 3.15 mg/mL, respictively). The average cell viability of AGS was observed in the Black sprout extract (33.46) and Titicaca (36.11) varieties at 1000 mg/mL, 72 hours after the treatment, respectively. Findings could contribute to the development and accessibility of this medicinal plant for patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina oil contains large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds, which affect the amount of blood factors such as blood lipids. The presence of these compounds reduces the deposition of fat in the veins and reduces the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of factors such as benzopyrene. The aim of this research is to evaluate the safety and effect of camellia oil as an edible oil on the growth, tissue and blood factors of Wistar rats in order to investigate its use in human nutrition. During this period (90 days), 40 male Wistar rats in 4 groups were administered Camelina oil with doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 ml daily compared to the control group, in blood and biochemical parameters such as lipid factors. Blood, ALT, AST, ALP and white and red blood cells were evaluated. In ALT, Cr, LDL, total cholesterol, WBC, PDW and RBC factors, no significant difference was observed between the groups and the control group. But the reduction of urea, TG, AST, RDW, MCHC occurred in different groups compared to the control group, and this reduction was associated with a significant difference. A significant difference was observed in blood glucose level in two groups with 1 and 10 ml diet. Also, the exposure of this oil to the studied doses did not cause any pathological and clinical effects in the studied animals compared to the control group animals in a period of three months. Also, the results of this study showed that due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), tocopherol and other antioxidants, camellia oil can be effective in increasing the immunity of the cellular level of the body and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perishable nature of strawberry fruit is one of the key factors that limit its consumption, specified by its decreased freshness and shelf life after harvest. The suitable packaging conditions, low temperature storage, and desired atmosphere composition inside packaged are important to preserve the quality attributes and extend the shelf life of perishable fruits. In this study, the packaging films based on PLA (such as neat PLA, PLA/TA10, and PLA/C20A1/TA10) with two different gas mixtures (such as 10 KPa O2+15 KPa CO2+75 KPa N2 (MAP-A) and 15 KPa O2+10 KPa CO2+75 KPa N2 (MAP-B)) and a control sample without gas injection on fresh strawberry fruit were evaluated. The effects of the mentioned treatments on some physicochemical properties such as weight loss, total soluble solid, tritratable acidity, pH, and firmness kept at 4 °C for 23 days of storage period were evaluated based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that the weight loss and firmness of strawberry fruit decreased during storage time, while pH value increased. The total soluble solid and tritratable acidity of all the treatments increased throughout the storage time and decreased at the end of the storage time. It has been also reported that fruits packaged in PLA/C20A1/TA10 caused better quality attributes due to lower water vapor permeability and oxygen transmission rate than two films of neat PLA and PLA/TA10. In addition, the gas mixture of MAP-A was more suitable in comparison to MAP-B due to higher carbon dioxide inside packages and lower respiration rate of strawberry fruit. Therefore, the use of nanocomposite film with modified atmosphere has been proposed to maintain strawberry fruit at a low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]