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Background & Aim: Due to the increase in anxiety caused by corona in students, especially nursing students who deal with patients, it seems necessary to identify ways to deal with it. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and anxiety of Corona among nursing students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive research, 159 nursing students who met the criteria for entering the study in 2019 were included in the study by stratified random sampling. The data was collected through the questionnaire of demographic information, corona anxiety and religious beliefs of George. Data analysis were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Chi-Square) at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that the majority (79.2%) of weak corona anxiety research units had strong religious beliefs (73.6%), and Spearman's test showed that there is no significant relationship between corona anxiety and religious orientation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acting on religious beliefs can reduce people's anxiety in difficult and critical situations, and in this study, because the majority of the research units had strong religious beliefs, they reported low corona anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Control on children`s dental anxiety is one of the important & effective factor predicting treatment success. Personality factors & parenting style can be very effective in children`s dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles and child`s dental anxiety and behavior in dental setting. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study done a sample of 126 children aged 4-6 years old and their parents participated in this study in the year 2020. Sampling method was nonrandom and simple. MCDASf questionnaire was used to measure children`s dental anxiety and Bumrind questionnaire was used for scores of parenting styles. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation, Spearman Correlation, and chi-square tests. Results: A significant relationship between the score of authoritative parenting style in parents and pediatric dental anxiety (p value = 0.803, r = 0.022). However, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the score of authoritarian parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = -0.307). Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the score of permissive parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = 0.318). Conclusion: Dental anxiety and behavior in children is associated with parenting style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Drug abuse can have harmful effects on the health of the body, especially oral health. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral manifestations of addicts in four maintenance centers in Tehran in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients' demographic data were recorded in a questionniare, then oral and teeth were clinically evaluated. Data were analyzed by chi square, Kruskal- Wallis, Mann U-Whitney and Spearman tests with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The study was performed on 392 addicted individuals. Among this population, 192 person (49%) were women and 200 person (51%) were men. The mean age was 34.9±9.4 years. Methamphetamine & morphine were the most commonly used drug among women and men, respectively. At least one oral lesion was present in 31% of women and 18% of men. The erythematous and spongy gingiva with round margin was the most frequent oral manifestation. There was a significant relationship between the duration of addiction withdrawal and all of the variables of color, consistancy, marginal contour and gingival tissue in men (p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between DMFT index and duration of addiction in women (p <0.001) and men (P<0.05). About 75% of the subjects had dry mouth and dental attrition , which increased with the duration of addiction. Conclusion: Methamphetamine & morphine were the most commonly used drug among women and men, respectively. Dry mouth, spongy and erythematosus gingiva were the most common oral lesions in the addicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The seventh instruction of the Health System Reform Plan has been implemented since May 05, 2014 in order to promote natural delivery and reduce unnecessary cesarean rates. The present study aimed to investigate the cesarean section frequency and its causes and after the implementation of the Health System Reform Plan. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study analyzed the existing data collected by questionnaires, checklists, and interviews. To this end, 1240 samples were systematically selected based on file number from May 05, 2014 to May 06, 2015. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Chi-square test, Pearson’s test, and Cramer test. Results: The cesarean section rate was 47.57% before implementing Health System Reform Plan, but it reduced to 38.70% after the implementation. Accordingly, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.02). The two groups had a significant difference in the causes of elective cesarean section (p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the causes of emergency cesarean section (p=0.08). After the implementation of the Health System Reform Plan, no case of elective cesarean section was performed (p=0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of the study (8.87% reduction in cesarean section), Health System Reform Plan succeeded in achieving its specific goal in the first year of its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Mammography is a sensitive and specific test that is used for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Mammography screening behavior is one of the behaviors that early study on its stage of change can be used in proper planning and effective interventions for performing mammography screening behavior. This study was done with the aim of determining mammography screening behavior stage of change among women aged 40 and older in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive population-based study, 384 women aged 40 and older were recruited by random sampling method in the city of Isfahan. Mammography screening behavior stage of change was determined by the Rakoweski stage of change questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical chi-square and ANOVA at the significant level of α = 0.05. Results: The mean age of the women was 52.24 ± 8.22 years. The results indicate that 36.2%, 21.1%, 4.2%, 6.2%, and 32.3% of the women studied were in the stages of Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action, Maintenance, and Relapse, respectively. The statistical analysis show that there were some significant correlationship between age (p<0.0001), education (p= 0.009), married status (p= 0.011), insurance status (p= 0.025) and income level (p= 0.009) with the stages of change. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the majority of subjects were in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and that a low percentage of women were in the action and maintenance stages. Therefore, appropriate intervention based on stage of change for promotion of mammography screening behavior seems to be essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]