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Background. Diabetes mellitus is a condition that causes biochemical and physiological changes in the body. In this study, the effects of carvacrol on blood biochemical factors related to diabetes in diabetic adult rats induced by streptozocin were investigated. Methods. In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: a) control group; b) diabetic control group that received normal saline as a solvent; c) diabetic rats treated with 75 mg/kg carvacrol; d) healthy rats that received 75 mg/kg carvacrol. The experimental groups were induced with diabetes by injecting a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) (Sigma) dissolved in 5 ml citrate buffer (pH=4.5) intraperitoneally. Then, fasting blood sugar, serum insulin level, serum level of fat profile, and testosterone hormones LH and FSH were measured. Results. Fasting blood sugar and serum levels of TG and cholesterol increased significantly in the diabetic control group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, fasting blood sugar and serum TG, LH, FSH, and cholesterol levels in the groups treated with carvacrol showed a significant decrease compared with the diabetic control group (P<0.05). In all diabetic groups, compared to the control group, the amount of HDL, testosterone, and serum insulin decreased significantly (P<0.05). Also, in the groups treated with carvacrol compared to the diabetic control group, the levels of HDL, insulin, and serum testosterone increased. The weight of rats in the diabetic control group decreased significantly; however, in the carvacrol treatment groups, the weight of the rats increased compared to the diabetic control group (P<0.05). Conclusion. Carvacrol can be effective on fasting blood sugar, insulin serum level, serum level of fat, and hormone profile and prevent biochemical damage caused by diabetes in diabetic rats induced by streptozocin. Practical Implications. Investigating the level of lipid profile and hormones in diabetic rats treated with carvacrol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Obesity and being overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The prevalence of being overweight has been increasing over the past decade and it is estimated that more than 2 million people are overweight now. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of some chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Several different approaches like exercise training have already been introduced to combat obesity and overweight. According to previous studies, comprehensive approaches including training exercises, dietary supplements, and medications could provide the best outcome. Metabolic resistance training has been shown as a promising approach to weight loss with higher efficacy compared with other types of exercise training. Moreover, such effects have also been reported for Chlorogenic Acid (CGA). In the current study, we aimed to compare the simultaneous effects of 8 weeks of MRT and CGA on weight loss and lipid profile of overweight women. Methods: We performed an open-label randomized clinical trial on 40 women with overweight. Study participants were women with body mass index (BMI) between 25 to 28 who were physically active over the past 6 months before the study. We used a balanced block randomization method for case assignment. The study participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or a control group. The intervention given to the study participants was a combination of MRT and CGA supplements. Each MRT training session was 45 minutes including 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of MRT, and 5 minutes of cool-down. They also received CGA supplements as a form of green coffee extract (400 mg per day). We collected data on age, weight, height, BMI, medical history, and volume of physical activity for each participant. Data on lipid profiles including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were also collected for each participant at baseline using blood samples. Study participants were asked not to have vigorous exercise two in the last two days leading to blood sampling. Blood sampling was performed from the participant’s right-hand vein at 8 AM and all study participants were fasting in the last 12 hours. The same procedures were also repeated after 8 weeks of intervention. We provided and mean and standard deviation for each continuous variable. The mean comparison between intervention and control groups was performed using an independent t-test. Withing group variability of lipid profile was investigated using paired t-test. We also used a multiple linear regression model to assess the effect of CGA+MRT intervention on the lipid profile of overweight women adjusted for possible confounders. All statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software and P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: We compared baseline characteristics and observed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding age, weight, and BMI. Lipid profile at baseline was also compared between these groups and there was no statistically significant difference (P >0.05). The average BMI change in the control group was 0.4 kg/m2, while it was 0.7 kg/m2 in the intervention group. We also observed a significant decrease in HDL, TC, and TG in the intervention group over the study period (P <0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the control groups regarding the investigated outcomes (P >0.05). The linear regression model showed that after adjustment for the potential confounders the average BMI reduction in the control group was 0.6 kg/m2 higher in the intervention group than the control group and the observed association was statistically significant (P <0.05). We also observed that MRT and CGA intervention has led to more reduction in HDL level on average (Regression coefficient= -8.9, 95% CI= -10.9, -7.0). The effect of the intervention on TG and TC was also statistically significant and the intervention significantly reduced the level of TG and TC in comparison to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training and CGA supplement extracted from coffee beans on the body weight and lipid profile of overweight women. We showed that MRT and CGA supplementation could lead reduce body weight and body mass index in the intervention group. The observed difference compared to the control group was also statistically significant. We also observed a significant effect of the intervention on the level of HDL, TG, and TC. According to our data level of HDL, TG, and TC in the intervention group reduced over the study period and the observed difference was statistically significant compared to the control group. We showed that simultaneous CGA and MRT could reduce body weight and body mass index in overweight women. Such findings were supported by many previous researches. Haghighi et al. showed in a study that participating in eight weeks of aerobic exercise and consuming green tea supplements significantly reduced body weight and body mass index. These findings were similarly repeated in the study of Kanha et al. and they showed that consuming CGA for eight weeks leads to weight loss in mice with a high-fat diet and also improves lipolysis pathways. In a systematic review study by Gerji et al., it was shown that the consumption of CGA supplements and coffee extract can lead to weight loss in overweight and obese people. According to previous studies, participating in MRT courses could effectively increase energy consumption and consequently increase fat burning which leads to weight loss. We also observed that MRT and CGA modified the lipid profile of overweight women. According to our findings, women in the intervention group had a lower level of HDL, TG, and TC after 8 weeks of MRT training and CGA supplementation. Their results were consistent with previous studies. Ghasemi et al, in line with the findings of the present study, showed that participating in metabolic resistance exercises with CGA supplementation leads to positive regulation of the lipid profile of overweight people. Animal studies also showed that MRT training and CGA supplementation could significantly reduce the level of TG, TC, and HDL in rats. Several mechanisms including the effect of CGA on LDL receptors and inhibition of mass absorption were introduced to justify these findings. According to our findings, MRT and CGA supplementation could lead to weight loss and reduced BMI in overweight women with a significant positive change in their lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Recently, a myokine called irisin has been discovered that affects glucose, obesity, metabolism and glucose homeostasis by browning white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of ginger supplementation on irisin, insulin resistance index and lipid profile of obese women following acentocentric and concentric activity. Materials and Methods: Forty girls with body mass index above 30 kg / m2, age 24.86 2 2.87 years, height 159.66 4 4.20 cm and weight 87.42 61 4.61 kg participated in the study. After measuring the maximum oxygen consumption of the subjects Were randomly divided into five groups of supplements and medications. The training protocol consisted of two sessions of acute eccentric and concentric activity. The supplement group consumed 2 g of ginger powder daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after each activity. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Ethical considerations: This study was registered with IRCT201104246178N1 code in Iran Clinical Trial System and all participants received written consent to participate in the study. findings: According to the results of the statistical test on irisin, it was found that the amount of irisin, insulin of this hormone between two types of eccentric and concentric activities of all groups increased significantly and the amount of glucose decreased significantly (P<0.05).It was also found that changes in insulin resistance index between the two types of exercise in all groups had a slight and non-significant increase (P> 0.05). TG and LDL levels decreased significantly (P <0.05) and the results also showed that changes in Tcol levels between the two types of exercise groups decreased significantly (P> 0.05) and complementary groups had a significant decrease (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested that long-term consumption of ginger along with regular exercise can be an effective treatment for lowering glucose and favorable changes in irisin, insulin resistance and lipid profile in obese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Doxorubicin leads to lipid profile disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the lipid profile of male rats after receiving doxorubicin. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 63 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups of 9: control group, sham group: received distilled water. Experimental group 1 received 20 mg / kg/ bw doxorubicin intraperitoneally, experimental groups 2 and 3 received 300 mg / kg/ bw and 600 mg / kg/ bw of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger orally for 2 months, respectively. Experimental groups 5 and 4 received doxorubicin and hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (20 mg / kg/ bw + 300 mg / kg/ bw) and (20 mg / kg/ bw + 600 mg / kg/ bw), respectively for 2 months. After the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected and serum levels of lipid profiles were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and the groups were compared by ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly increased in the doxorubicin group compared to the control group. Serum HDL cholesterol levels in the doxorubicin group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in the groups (20 mg / kg/ bw + 300 mg / kg/ bw) and (20 mg / kg/ bw + 600 mg / kg/ bw) showed a significant decrease compared to the doxorubicin group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Ginger hydroalcoholic extract probably improved its lipid profile after receiving doxorubicin due to its antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a significant relationship between human intestinal bacteria and overweight, obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium residing in the mucosal layer in obese and overweight type 2 diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy or oral hypoglycemic agents comparing with healthy individuals. Methods: Forty insulin-dependent diabetic patients, 40 diabetic patients who were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and 40 healthy people were recruited based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and they were evaluated for lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and Akkermansia muciniphila bacterium. Results: The majority of all study subjects were women, non-smokers with more than four hours activity a day. They were not different in terms of demographic characteristics. FBS level was significantly higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes than in healthy subjects (P <0.001) with no significant difference in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Cycle threshold (CT) level in both group of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (P< .001) and there was a significant difference between two groups of diabetic patients and health subjects in terms of colony-forming unit (CFU), P = 0.001. Conclusion: Akkermansia muciniphila abundance was higher in the healthy subjects comparing with diabetic patients and it was significantly greater in the patients treated with insulin than those who taken oral medications with beneficial metabolic effects, such as lowering FBS levels. There was no significant difference between all three study groups in terms of triglyceride, cholesterol, and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a type of accumulation of fat in the liver cells. Moreover, portulaca oleracea has hypolipidemic properties. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of training and portulaca oleracea supplementation on plasma lipid profile and liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. Methods & Materials The study population consisted of 40 to 60-year-old obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In total, 40 obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. The study groups included training (n=10), training + supplementation (n=10), placebo (n=10) and supplementation (n=10). Before and after the intervention, sonography of the liver and blood tests were performed. The Paired Samples t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the obtained data. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran (code: IR. IAU.RASHT.REC. 1397. 034). Moreover, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT201903090429871). Results The obtained data suggested that 12 weeks of portulaca oleracea supplementation and combination training significantly decreased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol (P=0.001), triglyceride (P=0.00), LDL (P=0.00), and significantly increased serum HDL levels (P=0.00) in the exercise + supplement, supplement, and exercise groups (P<0.05). Liver ultrasound data also improved in the exercise + supplement (P=0.02), and exercise (P=0.00) groups. Conclusion Portulaca oleracea supplementation with combination exercises could be effective in reducing plasma lipids and improving liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In traditional medicine, Dill has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder and also for its hypoglycemic and lipid lowering effects. So, the aim of this study was to determining effect of long-term dill extract supplementation alone and along with regular aerobic training on lipid profile in serum of men hyperlipidemic patients. Methods: 60 male patients with hyperlipidemia after completing consent forms were randomized divided into four homogeneous groups; control, aerobic training, dill extract, and aerobic training along with dill extract. Furthermore, consumption of oral dill essential oil (2 mg.kg-1.day) along with aerobic exercise training protocol for 8-weeks performed (sessions were conducted 3 times a week, each lasting 45 minutes running on the treadmill). Blood samples were taken at two phases (48 hours before and after the last training session protocol) were collected. Results: The levels of the total cholesterol and triglyceride in the experimental groups significantly decreased in compared the pre-intervention period (P<0=032). In addition, -22.75% decreasing in LDL-cholesterol and +49.76% increasing in HDL-cholesterol levels just in the aerobic exercise training along with dill extract was significant in comparison with the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: The combination effects of regular aerobic training and dill supplementation, due to having additive effects in compared to treatment with dill supplementation and aerobic activity alone, more effective treatment methods to improve the lipid profile factors in associated with hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in newsocieties. Dyslipidemia is one of the main causes of coronary artery disease. Since there is notcomprehensive information about this subject, we aimed to survey dyslipidemia in urban and ruralcommunities/areas in Semnan province.Material & Methods: An epidemiologic cross-sectional study was conducted among 3799 persons whowere 30-70 years old in Semnan Province, Iran. Multistage cluster sampling was performed, and subjectswere selected from urban and rural populations of Semnan, Shahroud, Garmsar and Damqan. Data werecollected through questionnaires, then a blood sample was collected from selected patients with 12 hoursfasting for evaluation of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low densitylipoproteins (LDL) levels in urban and rural communities.Results: Totally, 3799 persons enrolled in this study with mean age 41± 10.2 years that 44.6% of themwere male. High TG was seen in 29.1%, high LDL in 11.8% and low HDL in 30.7%. Prevalence of allkinds of dyslipidemia was higher in Shahroud.Conclusion: In conclusion, prevalence of dyslipidemia among 30-70 years old was higher than expected.So that, comprehensive preventive and educational programmes on lipid disorders and related diseases arenecessary.

Background and Objectives: Capecitabine (Xeloda) is an orally administered pro-drug of 5-fluorouraciL which is used as chemotherapeutic agent. Some studies have raised concerns about the lipid profile changes following Xeloda. In this study we examined such probable changes in patients before and after receiving Xeloda. Materials and Methods: Lipid profile changes were measured before and after administration of Xeloda in 100 patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Serum levels of triglyceride t total cholesteroL low-density lipoprotein (LDL)t and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measure at baseline and 3 months after starting Xeloda. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as serum triglyceride>200 mg/dl and hypercholesterolemia was defined as serum total cholesterol>200 mg/dl. Results: A total of 64 male and 36 female patients with a mean age of 61.11±12.51 years (range: 31-68) were recruited. The mean serum level of triglyceride increased significantly from 148.51±39.28 mg/dl at baseline to 194.17±78.88 mg/dl 3 months after taking Xeloda (p<0.001). Similar trends were observed for serum levels of total cholesterol (from 190.29±51.56 mg/dl to 197.86±56.44 mg/dl; p<0.001) and HDL (from 44.35±9.94 mg/dl to 45.94±9.13 mg/dl; p=0.001). Change of serum LDL was not significant (p=0.10). We found that forty-two percent and 15% of patients developed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia 3 months after treatment respectively. Conclusion: Xeloda increases serum levels of triglyceride < total cholesterol and HDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Paraoxonase-1 is an important factor in preventing lipid oxidation and formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. There are conflicting reports on the impact of physical activity on serum level of Paraoxonase-1. This study was done to determine the effect of four weeks of endurance training on serum level of Paraoxonase-1 and lipid profile in non-athlete obese men. Method: In this clinical trial study, sixteen obese healthy non-athletic men randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Subjects in interventional group were practiced endurance running periodic for four weeks, three sessions a week with 65-80% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples collected 48 hours perior the first and 48 hours following the final training. Serum level of Paraoxonase-1 and lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were measured by ELISA method. Results: At the end of the training, the serum level of of paraoxonase -1 increased 15.57% (P<0.05) in interventional group and non-significantly reduced in control group (19.25%). The serum level of serum Paraoxonase-1 in interventional group significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05). The serum level of low-density lipoprotein in interventional group significantly reduced in comparision with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: 4 weeks of endurance training increased serum level of paraoxonase -1 and decreased lowdensity lipoprotein in non-athlete obese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Fluctuation in the homeostasis system is one of the main causes of heart attacks. There are contradectry reports regarding the effect of regular exercise, particularly resistance training on hemostasis indeces. This study was done to determine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on hemostasis indeces and lipid profile in adult men. Methods: In this clinical trail study, 16 adult men were randomly divided into interventional and control groups. Subjects in interventional group participated in a resistance training program including a period 3 days a week for 8 weeks session. Body mass index, level of fibrinogen, protrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet count, D-dimer fibrinolytic factor, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL and LDL were measured for each subject. Results: After 8 weeks of resistance training, the level of fibrinogen, PT, PTT and platelets count were significantly reduced and D-dimer fibrinolytic factor increased in interventional group in compared to controls (P<0.05). Serum level of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL and LDL had no significant change in interventional group in comparsion with the controls. Conclusion: Resistance training reduces hemostasis indeces in adult men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the high prevalence of diabetes and developing cardiovascular diseases through dyslipidemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on serum lipid concentrations and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 52 women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Experimental group (n=27) received 10g/day oligofructose-enriched inulin and control group (n=25) received 10g/day maltodextrin (placebo) for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, anthropometric indicies, hs-CRP and serum lipids levels were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (verision11.5). Paired, independent t-test and ANCOVA were used to compare comparison of quantitative variables. Results: At the end of study, significant decrease was observed in total cholesterol levels mean (28.00 mg/dL, 14.10%), LDL-c (22.00 mg/dL, 21.70%), TC/HDL-c ratio (0.73, 20.70%) and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (0.55, 27.50%) in oligofructose-enriched inulin compared with the maltodextrin group (p=0.03). Changes in concentrations of triglycerides, hsCRP and high-density lipoprotein were not significant in oligofructose-enriched inulin compared to maltodextrin group. Conclusions: Oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation with improving in inflammtion and lipid profile help in management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialized countries after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Despite numerous defenses, the brain is vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. Due to the relationship between olive oil consumption and low cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, this study was accomplished to investigate the relationship between dietary virgin olive oil (VOO) on brain lipids and formation of brain edema in rat stroke models. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 60 Wistar rats were divided into five groups. First and second groups (control and sham) received distilled water, while all three treatment groups received oral VOO for 30 days (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/kg/day respectively). Two hours after the last dose, each main group was subdivided into two additional groups of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for the assessment of neuropathology (brain edema) and intact group for brain lipid analysis. Data were analyzed using one way Anova LSD tests and Pearson correlation. Results: Pretreatment by VOO increased the brain cholesterol ester and cholesterol levels in doses of 0.5 and 0.75 ml/kg/day. VOO in all three doses increased the brain triglyceride levels (p<0.05). Oral administration of VOO in doses of 0.5 and 0.75 reduced brain edema in mice. Conclusion: Results suggest that VOO may be taken as a valuable alternative for the pretreatment of ischemia via inducing some changes in lipid profile and decreasing brain edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 3-5% of all pregnancies. Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) is a universal screening test for GDM between 24-28 of gestation. Plasma glucose is measured 1 hr after ingestion of 50g glucose load. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of plasma lipids in 13-23 weeks of pregnancy with abnormal GCT (Glucose Challenge Test). Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was carried out during 2010-2011. The subjects comprised 575 pregnant women aged 18-35 years old who had referred to two health centers (Kosar and Shahid Soleymani) in Shahr rey -Tehran. The subjects were followed until their 24-28 weeks of gestation. Maternal plasma lipid concentrations were measured at 13-23 weeks of gestation and then all participants were screened at 24-28 weeks of gestation with GCT. A value over 140mg/dl in GCT was considered positive. Results: Logistic Regression analyses confirmed that triglyceride (TG) concentration (OR=1.005, 95% CI= 1.001-1.010) associated with abnormal GCT. No evidence of association was found between GCT risk and plasma concentrations of other lipids (i.e., total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein). In ROC curve analysis, the TG cut-off point in abnormal GCT was 142.5 mg/dl (with 61.3% sensitivity, 60.1% specificity, 73% PPV and 74.63% NPV). Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that TG level at 13-23 weeks of pregnancy can be considered as a predictor factor for abnormal GCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly associated with abnormalities in plasma lipoprotein levels, especially a significantly low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Most treatments for RA, particularly biological drugs, decrease atherogenic index. Improvement in lipoprotein profile has been found to be associated with decrease in inflammation in RA patients. This study was designed to survey the relationship between lipid profile and RA activity index. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 200 randomly selected RA patients. After blood sampling, plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL were measured. The correlations between these indices and disease activity index were then evaluated using disease activity score calculator (DAS28). The collected data was statistically analyzed by SPSS18. Pierson and Spearman correlation coefficients were applied for data analysis. Multiple regression test and factorial model were used to control bias.. Findings: Examination of the relation between LDL levels and RA criteria revealed a direct significant association of 0.13. A significant association of 0.17 was also found between pain intensity (based on visual analogue scale) and LDL levels. Moreover, LDL and tender joints were significantly associated (0.16). There were no statistically significant associations between LDL, joint swelling and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). HDL levels did not show significant relations with ESR, pain intensity and tender joints (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant reverse association between HDL levels and joint swelling (0.16). Conclusion: This study showed that lipid profile and RA were significantly related in many aspects. This finding was in accordance with the results of other similar studies. Therefore, it seems advisable to check the lipid profile of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, especially RA, on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder with lipid disturbances, is associated with increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease and central obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the postparandial lipid level with waist-to-hip ratio and insulin in women with PCOS in comparison with a control group. Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted at Fatemat Zahra Infertility Center in Babol on 20 women with PCOS and 20 healthy women as controls who were matched according to age and had a body mass index between 20 to 23 kg/m². Waist-to-hip ratio, insulin, glucose tolerance test, the levels of fasting and postparandial triglyceride, cholestrol and HDL-cholestrol were all measured and compared between the two groups. Results: In comparison with the control group, women with PCOS had higher levels of postparandial triglyceride (203.6±121.5 mg/dl VS 117.7±41.5 mg/dl, P=0.018), postparandial cholestrol (210.1±36.9 mg/dl VS 169.9±29 mg/dl, P=0.001), FBS (91.6±11.7 mg/dl VS 81.8±14.2 mg/dl, P=0.023), insulin (131.7±25.2 IU/dl VS 75.2±18 IU/dl, P=0.033) and waist-to-hip ratio (0.87±0.06 VS 0.74±0.14, P=0.001). The levels of fasting triglyceride (158.1±68.9 mg/dl VS 118±35.9 mg/dl, P=0.029) and cholesterol (189.9±32.6 mg/dl VS 154±25 mg/dl, P=0.000) in PCOS women were higher than that of the control group. There was no relationship between the level of lipids with insulin level and waist-to-hip ratio. Conclusion: The levels of insulin, fasting and postparandial triglyceride and cholesterol in women with PCOS were higher than the healthy group. It seems that waist-to-hip ratio and insulin level had no effect on this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]