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Background and Objective: Paraoxonase-1 is an important factor in preventing lipid oxidation and formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. There are conflicting reports on the impact of physical activity on serum level of Paraoxonase-1. This study was done to determine the effect of four weeks of endurance training on serum level of Paraoxonase-1 and lipid profile in non-athlete obese men. Method: In this clinical trial study, sixteen obese healthy non-athletic men randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Subjects in interventional group were practiced endurance running periodic for four weeks, three sessions a week with 65-80% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples collected 48 hours perior the first and 48 hours following the final training. Serum level of Paraoxonase-1 and lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were measured by ELISA method. Results: At the end of the training, the serum level of of paraoxonase -1 increased 15.57% (P<0.05) in interventional group and non-significantly reduced in control group (19.25%). The serum level of serum Paraoxonase-1 in interventional group significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05). The serum level of low-density lipoprotein in interventional group significantly reduced in comparision with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: 4 weeks of endurance training increased serum level of paraoxonase -1 and decreased lowdensity lipoprotein in non-athlete obese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds and Objectives: Physical inactivity adversely affects the lipid profile. Based on the inconsistent and sometime contradictory results about the effects of endurance training and Garlic supplementation on lipid profile, this study was conducted to investigate the concurrent effect of endurance training and Garlic supplementation on body composition and lipid profile in sedentary young males. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six inactive healthy males were randomly divided into four groups, first group underwent endurance training and received garlic supplement (TG), second group only received garlic supplement (G) in third group endurance training plus placebo was implemented (TP), and fourth group only received placebo (P). Garlic capsule was prescribed two times per day (each capsule contains 500 mg allicin) over a period of 4 weeks. The training groups performed aerobic exercise including 30-45 minutes running at 60 to 75% of maximum heart rate. In addition to measuring the anthropometric variables, two blood samples were taken before and after the interventions and were analyzed for lipid profile. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. Results: We observed no significant difference among groups in body composition and triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels (p>0.05). Yet, HDL-C levels significantly decreased in TG group compared to pre-test levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the present study garlic supplementation along with endurance training had no significant effect on TG and LDL-C levels. Yet, HDL-C levels increased in TG group. Therefore, garlic supplementation along with endurance training might have favorable effect on lipid profile but further studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule sICAM-1 has been identified as an biomarker of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks endurance training on soluble intercellular adhesion molecules -1 (sICAM -1) (cardiovascular inflammation factor) and lipid profiles on elderly men. Methods: Among elderly men who volunteered to participate in this study, 24 persons were chosen randomly as the samples and were divided into two groups: control group (n=12) and experimental group (n=12).Training schedule was performed in 12 weeks, 3 sessions a week, using determined time and intensity (between 50 - 75 % HR max).Blood sampling was conducted after 14 hours of fasting and 24 hours after the last session of training, both in a similar condition. The commercial kit of Diaclone, made in France, was used for biochemical analysis and evaluation of sICAM-1 values. The laboratory kits of Pars Azmoon Company i.e. Hyperion model of Elisa Reader instrument was used for evaluation of lipid profile values. Resulting data were analyzed using SPSS15 software and Kolmogrov-Smirnov, both t-dependent and t-independent at a meaningful level (α ≤ 0.05). Findings: The results of this study revealed that 12 weeks of endurance training has a significant reduction in sICAM-1 values (P≤0.05) which is a new biomarker for the prediction of cardiovascular accidents, however, no significant reduction (P≥0.05) observed in lipid profile values of elderly men(TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C). Conclusion: By noticing significant reduction in inflammatory biomarker of sICAM-1, contrary to the lack of significant reduction in lipid profile caused by endurance training, perhaps sICAM-1 biomarker can be introduced as a more sensitive and accurate marker for the prediction of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]