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Background and Objectives: Inactivity is a serious health threat among children and adolescents worldwide. The present study has been performed for comparing the effect of two methods of group education and individual counseling based on the health promotion model on physical activity of female students in high school in Bushehr city. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 102 students were examined in three groups. The participants in the group training and individual training groups received the training using the 5A method in two sessions, based on the health promotion model constructs. All three groups completed questionnaires before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The three groups were homogenous in terms of the distribution of all demographic variables except father's education level and field of study. Comparing the three groups over time showed that there were statistically significant changes in the constructs of perceived benefits (p=0.017), perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001), and commitment to plan of physical activity (p=0.002) between the three groups. Also, both educational groups had a significant increase in self-report of weekly physical activity compared to the control group (p<0.001), but there wasn’t significant difference between group training and individual training group (P=0.158). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that both teaching methods (individual and group) are equally effective in changing students' beliefs about the benefits, self-efficacy and commitment to planning physical activity, as well as improving physical activity based on students' self-report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psychosomatic diseases disrupt patients’ mental order, leading to chronic psychological injuries. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to the disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and utilized Structural Equation Modeling. The study’s statistical population included patients with IBS referred to therapy centers and gastroenterologists in Isfahan in the autumn and winter of 2020-21. The statistical population comprised 340 patients with IBS, selected using a convenient sampling method. The applied instruments included the Psycho-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ) and Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire (HPBQ). Data analysis was conducted via Structural Equation Modeling and Bootstrap test using SPSS23 and AMOS23 statistical software. Results: The results showed that perceived stress, sense of coherence, and health-promoting behaviors directly affect psychosocial adaptation to disease (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap test showed that healthpromoting behaviors have a significant mediation role in the relationship of perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to disease (P<0.01). Conclusion: Clinical therapists must improve psychosocial adaptation to disease in patients with IBS by applying efficient psychological therapy methods such as Health Promoting Behaviors-based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psychosomatic diseases disrupt patients’ mental order, leading to chronic psychological injuries. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors in the relationship between perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to the disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and utilized Structural Equation Modeling. The study’s statistical population included patients with IBS referred to therapy centers and gastroenterologists in Isfahan in the autumn and winter of 2020-21. The statistical population comprised 340 patients with IBS, selected using a convenient sampling method. The applied instruments included the Psycho-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SCQ) and Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire (HPBQ). Data analysis was conducted via Structural Equation Modeling and Bootstrap test using SPSS23 and AMOS23 statistical software.Results: The results showed that perceived stress, sense of coherence, and health-promoting behaviors directly affect psychosocial adaptation to disease. Furthermore, the results of the Bootstrap test showed that health-promoting behaviors have a significant mediation role in the relationship of perceived stress and sense of coherence with psychosocial adaptation to disease (P

The first step in designing any program, including national health promotion strategies, is a deep understanding of health and disease. It requires the acquisition of up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of health by studying the history and evolutionary revolutions of scientific and experimental knowledge in the field of defining health, understanding the factors and processes that lead to the formation of health, the risks that threaten health and ultimately create disease. This article is the first article in a series of articles related to the development of Iran's national health promotion strategies. It reviews the history related to health, public health and health promotion, and provides a summary of the latest contemporary vital knowledge related to health, which we believe, all students, professionals, researchers, managers and policy makers pay health should be equipped with.

Background and objectives: Early childhood caries in childhood has a high prevalence. In the pre-school period, parents are the main providers of children's oral and dental health, so their participation can lead to the success of dental caries prevention programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a health promotion program using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to promote the participation of mothers of preschool children in the fluoride varnish program. Materials and Methods: This research was an intervention study that was conducted based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model from 2021 to 2023 in the city of Kermanshah. First, a qualitative study was conducted by selecting 20 mothers with a purposeful sampling method and using a semi-structured interview. Then, according to the results, an educational intervention was designed and the number of 88 mothers was selected as available. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire and checklist, which was completed in two stages before and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and analysis of covariance, generalized estimating equations, paired t, and McNemar tests and the significance level was considered equal to 0.05 in all tests. Results: The average age of mothers in the intervention group (31.84 ± 4.25) and in the control group (33.11 ± 4.26) years. The findings show the significant effect of educational intervention on improving the average score of predisposing factors from (75.31 ± 6.46) to (90.18 ± 3.50), reinforcement from (5.95 ± 0.98) to (7.88 ± 1.01), enabling from (19.11 ± 3.69) to (26.63 ± 1.94) And the frequency of participation of mothers from (13.63%) to (81.81%) in the said program 2 months after the intervention was compared to before And the intervention group had a significant difference in the average score of these factors compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show the positive effect of an educational program using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on the promotion of mothers' participation in the Fluoride Varnish Therapy program. Considering the comprehensiveness, flexibility, ability to evaluate and the commitment of this model to the principle of participation, it is recommended that the PRECEDE-PROCEED model be considered as a suitable solution for empowering and promoting people's participation in health programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first step in designing any program, including national health promotion strategies, is a deep understanding of health and disease. It requires the acquisition of up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of health by studying the history and evolutionary revolutions of scientific and experimental knowledge in the field of defining health, understanding the factors and processes that lead to the formation of health, the risks that threaten health and ultimately create disease. This article is the first article in a series of articles related to the development of Iran's national health promotion strategies. It reviews the history related to health, public health and health promotion, and provides a summary of the latest contemporary vital knowledge related to health, which we believe, all students, professionals, researchers, managers and policy makers pay health should be equipped with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentists often face challenges in maintaining adequate oral hygiene for orthodontic patients. Nowadays, there are many oral health applications available that, along with interactive education and reminders, ultimately lead to better oral hygiene and desired oral health. This study aimed to investigate the level of use of these applications by orthodontic professionals in our country.Methods & Materials: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, conducted in 2022. Using a convenient sampling method, 188 orthodontic professionals were recruited from the country, and 101 of them completed the questionnaire with informed and voluntary consent. A questionnaire was designed and validated to determine the familiarity and use of education and reminder health applications by professionals, and the data were collected online. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results, and the relationship between variables was analyzed using the chi-square test at a confidence level of 95%.Results: Most of the specialists had some difficulty with maintaining the oral hygiene of their patients. According to the present study, in the case of poor oral health of the patient, more than half (53.5%) of them sometimes had to terminate the orthodontic treatment of their patients. However, the results of the study showed that the orthodontists almost never used oral health education and reminder applications. Instagram was recognized as the most commonly used social network by orthodontist.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need for specialists to have an efficient method of educating and reminding orthodontic patients about oral health. Given the lack of awareness and use of available applications by specialists and the absence of a suitable Iranian application, investment in designing or upgrading health reminder applications tailored to the culture and needs of society is recommended.

Background and Objectives: From the end of 2019 until now, the coronavirus pandemic created an extraordinary situation in the world, which resulted in an unprecedented social, political and economic crisis. The most critical solution to this pandemic is to fully comply with health protocols and public vaccination, which requires informing society and changing people's health and social behaviours. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to preventive behaviors against Corona) SARS-CoV-2( among women in the suburbs of Mashhad using the Pender health promotion model. Materials & Methods: In this Cross-sectional analysis study conducted in 2021, 300 women living in the suburbs of Mashhad were included by multi-stage sampling method, who were satisfied with the research., and a checklist of demographic information and an 82-question questionnaire designed based on Pender's health promotion model (whose validity and reliability were confirmed). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Among the demographic characteristics of job variables (p=0.03), history of corona infection (p=0.01), vaccination (p=0.04), blood pressure (p=0.01), and diabetes (p=0.04) had a significant relationship with the structure of behavioral outcomes. The highest and lowest scores of the participants in the study were in the structure of Perceived Barriers (48.66 ± 12.87) and Commitment to Plan of Action (8.68 ± 1.42). Among the different parts of Pender's health promotion model, perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001, B=0.39), perceived benefits (p<0.001, B=0.13), interpersonal effects (p=0.001, B=0.16), and preferences (p<0.001, B=0.20) had a significant effect on the structure of behavioral consequences. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of preventive behaviors against Corona. As a result, carrying out interventions to increase the self-efficacy of the residents of the outskirts of the city will probably lead to an increase in their behaviors of avoiding Covid-19 in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Numerous challenges within families and contemporary societies stem from adolescent maladjustment. Consequently, understanding the influential factors affecting adaptation holds significant importance, particularly during adolescence when behavioral deviations intensify. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group education based on a healthpromoting lifestyle on the emotional, social, and academic adaptability of gifted adolescents. Method: This research was conducted employing a semi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures alongside a control group. The statistical population included all high school students enrolled in the National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents schools in Sanandaj during the 2021-2022 academic year. The study sample comprised 30 gifted students exhibiting scores below 15 on the adaptation criteria, selected via convenience sampling. These students were subsequently divided into two groups of 15: an experimental and a control group. The intervention for the experimental group spanned eight weekly sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. The data collection tools included the health-promoting Lifestyle questionnaire developed by Walker (1995) and the Sinha and Sing Adjustment questionnaire (1993). Descriptive statistics, covariance analysis, and SPSS software version 22 were utilized for data analysis. Results: Findings indicated that Group Education Based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle significantly increased the overall adaptation score (F = 44.45, p < 0.01), emotional adaptation (F = 32.87, p < 0.01), social adaptation (F = 8.83, p < 0.01), and academic adaptation (F = 23.54, p < 0.01) among gifted adolescents. Conclusion: The study's outcomes suggest that healthcare practitioners and specialists can leverage the Group Education Based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle program to improve healthrelated attributes, particularly in improving adaptation among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based policymaking is a type of policy based on valid, timely, and appropriate evidence. This study aimed to explain the evidence-based policy in education and health promotion to students. The method of the present research was a narrative review. The statistical population included 114 Persian and English articles published between 2010 and 2022 which were indexed in ERIC, ScienceDirect, Sage, SID, Irandoc, Magiran, and Medline databases. The search was done using evidence-based policy, health education evidence, health promotion, health education policy, educational policy and health key words. The search was conducted using the SPIDER framework due to the speciality of the subject being studied. Using Downs and Black checklist for quality assessment, the final research sample included 20 references selected through screening. Thematic analysis was used to codify the texts using the Sternberg method. We extracted 59 concepts and six themes based on coding of the findings. Evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting student health can be categorized into six themes: the necessity for evidence-based policymaking, the characteristics of evidence- based policymaking, the prerequisites of evidence-based policymaking, the impetus for evidence-based policymaking, the barriers to evidence-based policymaking, and the consequences of evidence-based policymaking. Application of evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting students' health, based on global trends, technologies and strategies can lead to efficient education and health promotion policies. This study provided useful, practical guidelines such as filling the theoretical gap, ensuring clarity and motivation, influencing political decisions, and building trust among researchers, the scientific community, and other policy stakeholders to use evidence-based policymaking effectively in students' health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Health systems are responsible for providing healthcare services for all people in a community with reasonable costs. The primary objective was to evaluate and minimize the various expenses the patients incur consistently. The current study aimed to examine the direct non-medical and indirect expenses incurred to hospitalized patients infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2022 at Kosar Hospital in Semnan, Iran to investigate 400 hospitalized patients infected with the COVID-19 Omicron variant. The data were collected using a standardized instrument and conducting interviews with the patient. The descriptive findings were presented as frequencies (percentages) for qualitative variables and as means (standard deviations) for quantitative variables. The statistical relationship between demographic and background variables and the types of costs imposed on patients was examined performing T-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test. Results. The study findings revealed that the patients and their families spent 20,260,000 IRR on direct non-medical treatment and 28,300,000 IRR on indirect treatment. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between demographic and background variables and the types of the costs incurred by patients and their families. The results indicated that a previous lung disease, asthma, diabetes, an admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), a coma in the patient, and COVID-19-induced heart complications were statistically and significantly associated with the direct non-medical costs. Furthermore, it was found that variables such as age, gender, educational status, employment status, engagement in occupational and physical activities, as well as the occurrence of a coma imposed additional indirect costs on the patients and their families (P<0.05). Conclusion. In sum, an infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19 placed a substantial financial burden on the individuals and their households. Various factors may have influenced the magnitude of these expenses; therefore, it was recommended that these factors should be considered when implementing the promotional initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based policymaking is a type of policy based on valid, timely, and appropriate evidence. This study aimed to explain the evidence-based policy in education and health promotion to students.The method of the present research was a narrative review. The statistical population included 114 Persian and English articles published between 2010 and 2022 which were indexed in ERIC, ScienceDirect, Sage, SID, Irandoc, Magiran, and Medline databases. The search was done using evidence-based policy, health education evidence, health promotion, health education policy, educational policy and health key words. The search was conducted using the SPIDER framework due to the speciality of the subject being studied. Using Downs and Black checklist for quality assessment, the final research sample included 20 references selected through screening. Thematic analysis was used to codify the texts using the Sternberg method. We extracted 59 concepts and six themes based on coding of the findings. Evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting student health can be categorized into six themes: the necessity for evidence-based policymaking, the characteristics of evidence-based policymaking, the prerequisites of evidence-based policymaking, the impetus for evidence-based policymaking, the barriers to evidence-based policymaking, and the consequences of evidence-based policymaking. Application of evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting students’ health, based on global trends, technologies and strategies can lead to efficient education and health promotion policies. This study provided useful, practical guidelines such as filling the theoretical gap, ensuring clarity and motivation, influencing political decisions, and building trust among researchers, the scientific community, and other policy stakeholders to use evidence-based policymaking effectively in students’ health promotion

Background and Objective: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been active in the field of health for a long time and have played a key role in it, but these organizations are less known to the public for the promotion of social health and are not much considered by the planners and managers of the health system. This study was conducted to determine the challenges of NGOs’ to promote social health in Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study, 15 Iranian managers and scientific and executive experts of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior, Governorate, and Universities of Medical Sciences of the country were selected by purposeful sampling during 2021. Data were collected using an interview guide and semi-structured in-depth interview methods. After recording and transcribing, the data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The challenges of NGOs to promote social health in Iran were classified into six main themes of planning, organizing, functional, political, economic, and sociocultural challenges, and 33 sub-themes. Most of the participants emphasized the weak role of non-governmental organizations in improving social health and considered it a result of the mentioned challenges. Conclusion: Empowering non-governmental organizations by formulating a strategic and operational plan and attracting financial resources from various government, private, and charitable sectors will greatly help to strengthen them to advance social health promotion programs.

Background and purpose: Oral diseases are the most common health problems in cancer patients, influencing their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of education on oral and dental health behaviour based on the Pender health promotion model in cancer patients.. Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 40 adult cancer patients attending Notovan Physiotherapy and Lymphedema Center in Mashhad, Iran, 2019. The samples were selected by systematic random sampling. The educational intervention based on the Pender health promotion model was delivered in six theoretical and practical training sessions, with a one-week interval between the sessions. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire based on the components of the Pender health promotion model that was completed before the intervention, immediately, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done in SPSS V22, applying descriptive tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Findings showed significant differences in the score for behaviour before the intervention (25.82±4.57), after the intervention (32.41±4.24), and two months later (29.79±3.72) (P

Background and Objective: Physical activity is a very important factor in improving women›s health. The significant decline in physical activity, which is a gift of modernity in rural society, threatens the health of this group of women. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of social empowerment on individual, social and environmental factors on the activities performed in rural women. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental before-after study without a control group. 60 women of Kermajan village were randomly selected and examined. Individual factors based on physical activity awareness questionnaires, physical activity performance (IPAQ), physical activity self-efficacy (ESES), perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity (Sechrist) and social environment with social support questionnaire and physical environment with environmental factors questionnaire in It was measured twice before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done through Will Coxon statistical tests using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The average age of the studied women was (30.45 ± 7.31) years. The average awareness of women about physical activity from (3.72 ± 2.68) to (8.68 ± 1.64), the average self-efficacy from (25.52 ± 6.58) to (63.75 ± 6.73) and the average score of environmental barriers from (9.88 ± 2.65) to (18.87 ± 1.84); The average social support from (2.54 ± 8.33) (to (12.75 ± 4.09), the average amount of physical activity from (186.08 ± 93.08) (to (126.08 ± 104.84)) found significant changes (p<0.001). The average understanding of barriers and benefits changed from (143.60 ± 11.79) to (144.82 ± 9.38), which was not significant (p<0.113). Conclusion: Empowering the rural community can lead to increasing awareness and self-efficacy and the level of physical activity of women and increasing social support for rural women and environmental changes needed in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health promotion is the process of empowering people to increase control over their health promotion. Hospitals should play an important role in promoting health, preventing diseases and providing rehabilitation services. The dominant approach in quality management of hospitals is setting service standards. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) published 5 final standards and 24 sub-standards for the self-evaluation of health promoting hospitals (HPH). This tool has been translated into Farsi and is available to Iranian hospitals through the publisher’s website. These standards along with sub-standards were used in the self-evaluation of hospitals that wanted to establish these standards until 2020. Some Iranian hospitals have also used this tool for self-evaluation purposes. After being revised in 2020, the HPH standards were published 5 final standards and 18 sub-standards, which are aligned with the new global strategy of HPH for 2021-2025. These standards have currently been translated into Persian and are available on the WHO HPH network website for use in the self-evaluation of Iranian hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been active in the field of health for a long time and have played a key role in it, but these organizations are less known to the public for the promotion of social health and are not much considered by the planners and managers of the health system. This study was conducted to determine the challenges of NGOs’ to promote social health in Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study, 15 Iranian managers and scientific and executive experts of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior, Governorate, and Universities of Medical Sciences of the country were selected by purposeful sampling during 2021. Data were collected using an interview guide and semi-structured in-depth interview methods. After recording and transcribing, the data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The challenges of NGOs to promote social health in Iran were classified into six main themes of planning, organizing, functional, political, economic, and sociocultural challenges, and 33 sub-themes. Most of the participants emphasized the weak role of non-governmental organizations in improving social health and considered it a result of the mentioned challenges. Conclusion: Empowering non-governmental organizations by formulating a strategic and operational plan and attracting financial resources from various government, private, and charitable sectors will greatly help to strengthen them to advance social health promotion programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidemiologic transition has caused the hospitals to focus on health promotion strategies in order to improve the health of their patients and staff. It is one of the reasons that justify institutionalizing the concept of prevention and health promotion among all hospital personnel, empowering patients and interacting with society. It is possible to use this high capacity with lowest cost and introduce the concept of improving the health of hospitals into their organizational culture.

Background & Aims The present study aims to determine the fear of COVID-19 in the elderly newly diagnosed with cancer referred to selected hospitals affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods In this longitudinal study, 174 elderly people newly diagnosed with cancer referred to the selected hospitals participated, who were selected using a continus sampling method. To collect data, a demographic form, the Abbreviated Mental Test, and the 7-item fear of COVID-19 scale were used before diagnosis, one month after, and two months after. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. Results Fear of COVID-19 level at the time of cancer diagnosis was moderate (mean score: 17.69±4.74). In the second stage (one month after the diagnosis), the mean score was 14.26±4.09. In the third stage (two months after diagnosis), the mean score was 11.81±4.13. Fear of COVID-19 at the time of cancer diagnosis was significantly different based on marital status (P=0.049), underlying diseases (P=0.014), and perception of health (P=0.004). Conclusion Fear of COVID-19 can disrupt the process of treatment and chemotherapy in elderly patients with cancer. It is recommended to develop interventions to improve the mental health of the elderly with cancer during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Oral diseases are the most common health problems in cancer patients, influencing their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of education on oral and dental health behaviour based on the Pender health promotion model in cancer patients.. Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 40 adult cancer patients attending Notovan Physiotherapy and Lymphedema Center in Mashhad, Iran, 2019. The samples were selected by systematic random sampling. The educational intervention based on the Pender health promotion model was delivered in six theoretical and practical training sessions, with a one-week interval between the sessions. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire based on the components of the Pender health promotion model that was completed before the intervention, immediately, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done in SPSS V22, applying descriptive tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Findings showed significant differences in the score for behaviour before the intervention (25.82±4.57), after the intervention (32.41±4.24), and two months later (29.79±3.72) (P<0.001). In addition, after the intervention, among different components of the Pender health promotion model, self-efficacy, positive emotions, and interpersonal influencing factors increased significantly (P<0.001). At the same time, perceived barriers decreased significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion: The current study supports the positive effect of the Pender health promotion model in enhancing oral and dental health behaviour in adult patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile applications have been proposed as a helpful tool to provide health-related information to people, and this is more important in pregnancy-related mobile applications. This review study aimed to investigate the features of Persian and English mobile apps for self-care in pregnancy. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on all Persian and English mobile applications related to pregnancy in 2022. A search was conducted on Iranian digital app market (Bazaar) and "Google Play", using the following keywords: "pregnancy", "pregnant women", "obstetrics", and their Persian translations. For each app, the extracted information included name, user satisfaction rate, and the features and provided information by mobile app. The total number of retrieved applications was 416 apps. After removing the duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 63 applications were selected for features extraction. Reviewing the features and information provided by the applications showed that the most frequent categories of information included the following items: childbirth and pregnancy (including timing contractions, fetal movement, symptoms of pregnancy and predicting delivery time), restrictions and limitations (including behavioral limits, sexual restrictions, smoking and alcohol, cosmetics and pregnancy and drug use during pregnancy), and monitoring and control tools (BMI Calculator, managing weight gain during pregnancy, control of blood pressure). Paying attention to pregnant women and meeting their information needs could lead to healthier generation. A wide range of mobile applications related to pregnancy are available with many capabilities. Considering pregnant women's need for information and using these apps in self-care, it seems essential to develop and design a series of highquality apps matching pregnant women's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Tobacco use is the fifth risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Iran. This study aimed to analyze the policies and measures of tobacco control in Iran in the last four decades (1983-2021). Methods. The present study is a retrospective policy analysis that used a case study plan based on the Walt and Gilson triangle policy analysis framework to examine the content of tobacco control policies in Iran. Data were collected using tobacco use policies and legal documents and analyzed using documentary analysis. MAXQDA 11 software was used to categorize and analyze the findings. Results. The policies include setting prices and taxes on tobacco to reduce demand; protecting the public from second-hand smoke; controlling the composition of tobacco products; setting regulations on the disclosure of information about tobacco packaging and labeling; educating the public about the dangers of tobacco use; advertising, promotion, and financial support of tobacco; setting measures to encourage smoking cessation and reduce the demand and dependence on tobacco; banning illegal tobacco product trading; banning youngsters from tobacco trading; financially supporting the practical alternatives such as economic activities and research; setting monitoring and evaluation systems; and enhancing the exchange of information. Conclusion. Strengthening the government's tobacco control capacity and formulating a clear and coherent national tobacco control strategy and roadmap, including a mechanism for practical cross-sectoral cooperation between different actors, can reduce conflicts of interest between the actors involved and determine the country's current and future tobacco control policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: From the perspective of health promotion, the most critical mission of hospitals is to change the treatment-oriented mindset to a health-oriented one. Health promoting hospitals seek to institutionalize the concept of prevention and health promotion. Therefore, the current research aims to study Kashan, Aran and Bidgol hospitals in achieving health promotion standards in 2020. Methods: The current study is a descriptive correlational study that was conducted cross-sectionally in 2020. The statistical sample studied was 65 managers and officials of 4 hospitals in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities (1 government hospital, 3 non-government hospitals). Data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s health promotion standards questionnaire. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests to compare the mean performance scores among the hospitals. Bonferroni test was used for parallel comparison of the hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software with a significance level of 5%. Results: Findings indicated that regarding the standards of management policy, patient assessment, patient information and intervention, promotion of a healthy workplace, continuity of treatment and cooperation, performance score of non-government hospitals (private and Social Security Organization) were significantly higher than the studied government hospital in this study (p < 0.001). The total score of health promotion standards in the non-government hospitals was significantly higher than the government hospital (p < 0.001). This difference was significant. Conclusion One of the variables influencing the quality of health promotion standards in hospitals is the type of hospital in terms of ownership (government, non-government). It seems that organizations using government funds, typically, have worked less than other organizations with regard to improving and upgrading their quality. Therefore, managers of government hospitals need to plan for developing standards of management policy, patient assessment, patient information and intervention, upgrading a healthy and standard work environment continuity of treatment and cooperation. Then, authorities need to monitor and evaluate these processes.

Background and Object: Healthy children achieve better educational outcomes, which in turn is associated with improved health later in life. Health promotion schools The World Health Organization is a comprehensive research to promote health and academic achievement in schools. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education provided in health promotion schools on various aspects of students› health. Materials and Methods: The present study was a systematic review. Four international databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and domestic Magi ran and SID databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, were searched using various keywords related to health-promoting schools. The risk of bias was reduced with the participation of two authors who assessed the quality of the study and the eligibility of the articles included. Results: After searching the databases, a total of 1213 articles were found. The age of the students ranged from 5 to 18 years, all studies reported the age and sex of the participants. No studies had long-term follow-up (more than 24 months). Among the studies, 6 studies received positive and significant results from the educational interventions provided in health promotion schools, and 2 studies from the educational intervention did not receive their expected results. Conclusion: According to the results of this systematic review, studies in the field of health promotion schools do not have the necessary quantity and quality. Considering the importance of health promotion schools, it is necessary to conduct more quality studies and support measures from related organizations in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training is one of the new types of trainings in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the ACT training on health promoting lifestyle profile in soldiers. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study which was performed in 2018 with a control group, pre-test, post-test and follow-up (1 month) stages. The study population consisted of 60 soldiers that were part of the revolutionary guards in Tabriz (30 for the experimental group and 30 for the control group) and they were selected by using the convenience sampling method. In the end, 30 people were considered for each group. A Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) was used to collect data. The ACT intervention was performed in eight 45-minute sessions by a clinical psychologist. Results: The total scores of the health-promoting lifestyle and its six dimensions showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.43), but after the intervention, the total lifestyle scores were significantly different between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages except for the exercise variable (P < 0.05). Also, the study showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy training had a positive and significant effect on lifestyle with an effect score of 0.7 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Applying the ACT training due to its underlying mechanism such as acceptance, raising awareness, desensitization, living in the moment, observation without judgment, confrontation and abandonment, can increase compatibility while also improving lifestyle. The ACT training is one of the new types of training in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Having specific physical and mental characteristics, elders require a variety of needs and care. Depression is one the most common psychological issues in elders and neglecting the quality of elders’ medical environment can impact their mental health. Aim: The present research aims to investigate the design of a healing garden at elderly care centers with an approach to improving the mental health of elders suffering from depression. Method: The present research has been conducted quantitatively and through the Grounded Theoury method. The research statistical population included elders suffering from depression residing at Najafabad Ayatollah Modarres Psychiatric hospital in 2020 that from among these individuals, 15 depressed elders between the age of 65-70 years old (8 males and 7 females) were selected through the purposive sampling method. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed through the Strauss and Corbin method in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding in the MAXQDA software. Results: The results are identified in form of healing garden components for improving the mental health of depressed elders including 300 initial (open) and selective codes and 3 main categories: relation with nature, five senses’ stimulation, and space quality for the healing garden’s patients, which had a positive impact on maintaining wellbeing and promoting mental health in depressed elders. Conclusion: This research showed that healing garden components at elderly care centers are effective for developing peace, reducing stress, and promoting improvement in patients’ health. Therefore, it is recommended that care centers are designed considering the healing gardens’ components to provide the opportunity for developing the feeling of rejuvenation and release from all tensions for achieving good health and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Women are the central pillar of social development and the main axis of family health. Success, survival, and promotion of society depend on the health of women in society. Since Health Promotion lifestyle and psychological well-being are important determinants of health, this study was conducted to determine the Health Promotion lifestyle and psychological well-being in women attending the health centers of Arak City in 2019. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, among women who attended health centers in Arak City, 221 women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study by continuous sampling and the form of demographic information, health promoting lifestyle profile-Ii (HPLP-II), and Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaire was completed. Data were described using descriptive statistics of frequency, frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, and data analysis by analysis of variance, independent t-test, and regression using SPSS software v. 19. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Deputy of Iran University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1398.609). Results: The mean health-promoting lifestyle in the study units was 135.96; the mean physical activity components were 16.31; The mean nutrition was 26.41, with the lowest and highest scores, respectively. The mean psychological well-being in the study units was 72.29. The mean components of purpose in life were 10.76, and the mean personal growth was 13.19, with the lowest and highest scores, respectively. Age, chronic diseases, employment, number of children, and alcohol consumption had a significant negative relationship with a health-promoting lifestyle, and a woman’s and her husband’s education had a significant positive relationship with a health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.05). Overall demographic variables predict as much as 13% of health-promoting lifestyles. Age, number of children, and chronic physical and psychological diseases had a significant negative relationship with psychological well-being and economic status. A woman’s and her husband’s education had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being. Overall, demographic variables predict as much as 10% of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Considering that health-promoting lifestyle and psychological well-being are two critical determinants of health, studying these two indicators and the factors affecting them can help Intervention planning to promote women’s physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Due to many professional concerns such as shift stress and job injuries in nursing, male nurses do not pay much attention to their health-promoting lifestyle. Due to the above factors, work-life quality decreases and leads to job dissatisfaction and related consequences such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between a health-promoting lifestyle and job satisfaction in male nurses. Materials & Methods: The present cross-sectional study was a descriptive correlational study. The study population included all male nurses in Ahwaz City working in educational and medical centers. Finally, 108 male nurses were enrolled in the study from May 2019 to September 2019 by the available sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of three parts: 1) Demographic characteristics, 2) Health-promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire, and 3) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v. 22. Results: The results of the study showed that most male nurses (55.6%) have a bachelor’s degree (84.2%), have 1 to 5 years of work experience (68.5%), and are in the age group of 26-35 years (46/2%). The health-promoting lifestyle variable Mean±SD score was 162.16±23.4 at the excellent level, and the job satisfaction Mean±SD score was 56.43±7.98 at the moderate level. There was a significant relationship between some areas of lifestyle promoting health and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The health-promoting lifestyle score of male nurses in this study was good but not favorable in physical activity and stress management. Also, the average score of job satisfaction and areas of opportunities for advancement and leadership style were significant. Therefore, supporting nursing managers in implementing health habits such as facilitating and supporting healthy lifestyle choices and creating positive environmental changes leads to increased health-promoting lifestyles, job satisfaction, and reduced disability of male nurses.

Background: Health promotion includes the concepts of health education, disease prevention and rehabilitation services. Accordingly, the implementation of standards and indicators of health promotion in hospitals is necessary to ensure the quality of the services provided. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of implementing a health promotion hospital plan on the awareness of hospitalized cardiac patients in selected educational hospitals in Yazd. Methods: This was an interventional study, which was performed on 62 cardiac patients referred to 2 selected educational hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. 31 patients from Afshar Hospital (the case group), and 31 patients from Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (the control group) were selected by purposive sampling method. In the case group, in addition to the routine trainings, the subjects received face to face and group educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model and the Guidelines to the American Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Association for 3 months, and were finally given an educational package. The samples in the control group also underwent routine training. Data analysis was performed using a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model, before the educational intervention and 3 months after, using SPSS 23 software, Chi-square and independent t-tests. Results: Awareness scores in the case and control groups before the intervention were 7.90 ± 4.01 and 10.67 ± 5.31, and after the intervention were 21 ± 1.61 and 11.54 ± 5.31 respectively, and a significant difference was seen in the scores of the post-intervention group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of the health promotion hospital plan can be effective in increasing the awareness and improving the performance of cardiac patients. Therefore, it is recommended for hospitals to move towards health promotion.

Background and Objective: Compared to the general population, patients with psychiatric disorders, especially patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy due to its nature, and lack of psychiatric nursing counseling have worse physical health and lower self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychiatric nursing counseling on self-esteem and health-promoting behaviors of patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy in hospitalized patients. Material and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 114 patients undergoing ECT at Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2019. The participants were divided into two groups of intervention (n=57) and control (n=57) by block randomization. Data collection tools included demographic, Rosenberg self-esteem, and health-promoting behaviors questionnaires. The intervention in the experimental group was held in the form of 4 sessions of individual counseling. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation statistics, Chi-square and t-tests in SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of self-esteem score before the intervention in the experimental group (4.01) 21.60 and control (3.51) 21.95 was not significantly different (P=0.542). But the mean score of self-esteem immediately after the intervention in the experimental group (25.47. 3.91) and in the control group (2.79) was 19.11 and two weeks after the intervention, which was significant (P

Background & Aim: Health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD is different in various health care structures, and research in this area can help to identify the existing knowledge gap. The aim of this study was to determine health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD. Methods & Materials: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. A total of 180 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD. The data was analyzed through the SPSS software version 18 using t-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression. Results: The mean age of nurses was 34.58±8.05 years, 84.4% were female and 70.6% were married. The mean score of health promotion nursing activities was 197.10±37.90. Among the dimensions related to health promotion activities, “drugs/smoking cessation” (34.4%) and “self-empowerment” (32.8%) had the lowest frequency. There was a significant relationship between health promotion nursing activities with the work place (P=0.034), age (P

Background and Aims: With the growth of elderly population, attention to their oral health status has become increasingly important. Most of the available studies have been conducted among dependent elders who usually have different oral health statuses and needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the oral health status of independent elderly attending municipal public centers and parks in Isfahan in 2020. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted among 195 elderly people attending Isfahan municipal centers in 2020. The oral health status and the oral health related quality of life (QOL) of elderly were evaluated using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and clinical examinations. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), correlation, independent T-test, Chi-squared and ANOVA using SPSS22 (α=0.05). Results: 69% of the participants (n=133) were male and the mean age was 68.9±3.5. Almost 20% of elderly (n=39) did not have any of their natural teeth. 63% (n=123) suffered from at least two chronic diseases and 38.5% (n=75) had a functional occlusion. The mean score of quality of life (QOL) of elderly and their DMFT was 51.7±6.4 and 20.5±6.3, respectively. A significant and negative relationship was found between the DMFT and GOHAI (P<0.001, r=-0.36). QOL scores were significantly higher in participants with dentures than those without dentures (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the frequency of brushing and the mean of DMFT (P<0.001). In people who did not brush, the DMFT score was higher than those who brushed at least once a day or even sometimes a week. Conclusion: The results indicated that the oral health status of elderly was weak and it would reflect the need for more attention to taking more measures to both prevent the oral problems and to promote oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Social gathering restrictions and quarantine for reducing the spread of coronavirus can reduce social interactions and cause mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. Objective This study aims to investigate the role of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyles in predicting anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Najafabad, Iran Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in April 2021 during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The study population consisted of people aged >18 years old living in Najafabad. Using a convenience sampling method, 225 people were selected and completed questionaries online. Of these, the data of 217 questionnaires were analyzed. Beck Depression Inventory, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, short form of Big-Five-Factor Inventory, and Walker’s Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using Multiple Linear Regression and SPSS v. 24 statistical software. Results The personality traits of neuroticism (r=0.343, r=0.176) and extraversion (r=-0.503, r=-0.375) were positively and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, respectively, and were the predictive of depression and anxiety (P<0.05). The agreeableness trait (r=0.233) was also negatively correlated with anxiety, and was its significant predictor (P<0.05). Among the health-promoting lifestyle domains, self-fulfillment (r=-0.489) and physical activity (r=-0.348) had a negative correlation with depression, while health responsibility (r=-0.285) had a negative correlation with anxiety; they were the significant predictors of depression and anxiety (P<0.05) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Given the effect of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyles on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak, the interventions focused on these components can be effective in improving the mental health of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Divorce is an ancient and social problem in society that the widespread consequences continue long after to this incident. Aim: The present aim this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting mental health and rumination of divorce women. Method: This present research is a simi-experimental plan in which pretest-posttest with the control group has been used. The statistical population of this study is formed of divorced women under the auspices of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization in 2021. For this purpose a total of 50 women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups. Instruments were Rumination Response Style (RRS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The experimental group participated in emotion regulation training to 90–minute 10 sessions during the two months. The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and multivariate covariance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 39.4 and 8.25, respectively. The results showed that after controlling the effects of covariate variables (pretest), effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting health and rumination components include somatic symptom of (F=17.45, P>0.01), anxity (F=25.52, P>0.01), social performance (F=26.99, P>0.01), depression (F=15.47, P>0.01), rumination response (F=75.13, P>0.01) and distraction respons (F=34.42, P>0.01) divorce womens were significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of this study it can be conclouded that emotion regulation training could be an effective intervention in enhancing mental health and reducing rumination. Thus, it is suggested that such intervention be used in family counsling and mental health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: In recent years, social networks have been considered by organizations active in the health sector. They have provided many opportunities for consulting, training, and information sharing and held promises to increase the quality and safety of health care and reduce costs. So it is necessary to study their dimensions and requirements. This study aims to identify the components of the health information social network from the perspective of experts. Methods: This research is an analytical survey using the Delphi method. The statistical population included 28 experts in the field of health information technology in Iran. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was 0.96 according to the Cronbach α coefficient. SPSS software version 19 was used for data analysis. Results: According to this research, the health information social network has 6 dimensions, each has several components (a total of 47 components). These dimensions include services, core users, requirements, information security, evaluation and monitoring, and technical features. Conclusion: The dimensions of this network are based on the collective opinion of experts and are a framework for creating a social network of health information. Its use helps in planning and decision making and providing high-quality health services and leads to quality improvement of health indicators.

Background. Suicide is recognized as a public health issue in Malekan County through a health community assessment. A community-based suicide prevention program was conducted during 2014-2017. Methods. This health system research was conducted in seven steps, including conducting systematic reviews, gathering expert opinions, improving the coverage of suicide attempt records, conducting research to identify regional risk factors, conducting follow ups and managing the individuals attempting suicide, training health gatekeepers, and launching public awareness campaigns. Our goal was to lower the rates of suicide, and suicide attempt by 15% and 20%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was calculated to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals. Result. 821 suicide attempts and 32 suicides had been recorded in the county. 70% of the suicides had been committed by men while the majority of attempters were females (64%). Most of the suicides (18cases-56.25%) had occurred in the spring while the majority of suicide attempts (288cases-35.8%) had been recorded in the summer. The common methods (62%) suiciders used were hanging and poisoning, which increased death risk significantly (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 2.9–76.99). The incidence rates of suicide and suicide attempts reduced from 11.22, and 203 per 100,000 in 2013 to 2.63, and 157 in 2017, respectively. Suicide re-attempts also diminished from 12% in 2013 to 6.7% in 2017. Conclusion. Suicide, SA, and re-attempt were lowered by 75%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. Practical Implications. The practical framework that emerged out of the present study can be used for generating future suicide prevention strategies. Furthermore, our study highlights the need to consider a wide range of contextual factors when developing suicide prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 184 clerics of Birjand through convenience sampling using the Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (National Health Literacy Research Plan) and the data were analyzed using Statistical tests ttest and analysis of variance at the significance level of = 0.05. Methods: In this descriptive-survey study, first, by reviewing the literature, factors related to hospital readiness were extracted. Then, to validate these factors and reach the consensus of the expert group (40 physicians and nurses involved in the front line of the corona), the Delphi method was used. Finally, the identified indicators were ranked and prioritized using the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) technique. Results: The mean score of health literacy of the participants was 122.09 ± 15.09 (average) and in terms of examining the dimensions of literacy the two dimensions of access health and information acquisition (16.83 ± 53.3) as well as judgment and evaluation (18.09 ± 3.44) obtained a poor score. In the study of sources of information in the clergy, the major source of health information was the Internet (59.2%), followed by radio and television (49.3%) and booklets, pamphlets, educational brochures, and propaganda (44%). Conclusion: The level of health literacy of clerics in Birjand is not favorable, and considering the role and position of clerics in society, policymakers' attention to planning and development of health literacy of this reference group seems indispensable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases that need a lot of care. Theories play an important role in improving the quality of care, and Orem's self-care theory is pioneering in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct an integrated review of the application of Orem's theory in the care of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The present study is an integrated review study of articles published from 2010 to 2022 that were collected from databases including SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, Irandoc, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and PubMed using the keywords, such as Orem, self-care, diabetes, Orem model and their Latin equivalents. The study procedure included five stages of text search, text selection, data evaluation, data extraction, and data classification in studies on the application of Orem's self-care model on diabetes. Results: The initial search results included 243 articles. A total number of 14 articles were selected and included in the study after the careful examination of the titles, abstracts, and texts of the collected articles. The majority of studies have been conducted in Iran. All studies were interventional and five articles had a clinical trial design. Moreover, the studied variables included the main components of Orem's theory, quality of life, laboratory factors such as blood sugar or glycosylated hemoglobin, adherence to treatment, self-efficacy, and peripheral neuropathy. All the studies were performed on the adult population and interventions were often conducted in the form of training sessions. In all the studies, interventions had a positive and significant effect on the variables under study. Conclusion: Considering the positive results of interventions based on Orem's self-care theory on the consequences of diabetic patients, it is recommended to remove the barriers to the application of the theory in the clinic. Furthermore, efforts should be made to translate knowledge and support upstream organizations in this regard. It is also suggested to pay attention to the acute complications of diabetes, study this disease in the pediatric population, and perform interventions with strong plans for researchers interested in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Elderly is an important period of human life, and the elderly population in Iran is increasing. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between quality and lifestyle health promotion behaviors among the elderly in Hamadan, 2015. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 retired elderly over 60 years selected by cluster sampling method in Hamadan retirement centers. A standard questionnaire for quality of life and lifestyle was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software, chi-square, and correlation analysis. The significance level was considered 5%. Findings: Lifestyle in the elderly was undesirable (61.3%), and 38.7% had a moderate quality of life. Physical functioning was the most undesirable aspect of lifestyle, and physical activity was the most undesirable aspect of quality of life. The results of the Chi-squared test showed two significant relationships between lifestyle status and gender as well as the quality of life with gender (p

Introduction: Health promotion services has a significant impact on health system, and hospitals are the best places for health promotion and preventive services. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of implementation of standards and activities of health promotion in hospitals (HPH) in four areas of health promotion. Methods: This was a descriptive-survey study, and the research environment of hospitals in Golestan Province, Iran. The managers, authorities, and experts being in contact with the process of HPH standards and activities (n = 80) were our sample population. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to gather data, and analysis was performed using one-sample t-test. Results: Standards and activities were implemented in hospitals with good and desirable level in the dimensions of staff (6.01) and patients (5.60), and moderate level in the dimensions of environment (4.22) and society (4.03); the efficacy was in a significant level (P < 0.01). Moreover, the comparison of dimensions with Friedman test showed that the dimension of the staff and society had the highest and lowest level of implementation. Conclusion: Some of the standards and activities of the health promotion hospital are being carried out in hospitals. Therefore, achieving and fully implementing of these standards and activities for improving the quality of health services and improving the situation of hospitals require to encourage policymakers and healthcare managers, create consistent policies for the knowledge promotion and train of health promotion skills (patients, staff, and community), and promote health centers and turn it into a healthy work environment, cooperation, coordination, and interaction with all stakeholders (internal and external).

No abstract available (Letter to editor)

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Pender's Health Promotion Model constructs and applying nutritional supplements in patients with hypertension in rural areas of Isfahan Township, Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 233 patients with high blood pressure were selected from rural health centers in Isfahan Township. Patient’s dietary intake was assessed by a 3-day dietary questionnaire, and cognitive factors and a commitment to nutritional approach with Pender Health Promotion Model. The relationship between dietary intake and nutritional approach was studied as well. Findings: There was an inverse and significant relationship of 0.316 between sodium intake and knowledge (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation of 0.121 between the benefit score and the sodium intake (P = 0.002), but no relationship between other criteria (perceived self-efficacy, behavioral sensation, status affecting, and social support) and sodium intake. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between Pender Health Promotion Model and nutritional approaches for controlling blood pressure. Therefore, it is recommended to use Pender Health Promotion Components in health units associated with hypertension.

Background and Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recursive chronic disease with no definitive cure. This study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of interventions that aimed to empower patients to improve the consequences of IBD. Materials and Methods: In a systematic review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, from 2000 to May 2021, using “self-care OR empower”, “self-efficacy OR self-management”, “self-control OR self-confidence OR self-determination”, “inflammatory bowel disease OR IBD OR Crohn disease OR ulcerative colitis” as keywords. Two reviewers separately performed the search, screening of the studies. Results: In total, 13 papers were finally included in the study. Most of the interventions aimed to increase patients’ awareness of the effects of the disease and how to prevent its recurrence, foster self-management, self-care, and stress management skills. The majority of interventions were made through consultation, lecture, textual educational material, telephone calls, and computer-based communication. The most prevalent positive effects of the interventions were reduced anxiety, fewer problems with the disease, fewer visits to the hospital, and increase the quality of life. Conclusion: the educational interventions based on empowerment can be effective in improving the adverse effects of IBD. These interventions can positively affect patients’ clinical and psychological health and can also increase the quality of life. The most prevalent strategies used were self-management skills and anxiety/ stress management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Health promotion standards are designed to meet the physical, mental and social needs of patients, staff and the community. So, this study aim was investigated the preparedness to implementation of health promotion hospital(HPH) standards from nurses’ perspective in the military hospitals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. 400 nursing staff of three selected military hospitals in Tehran selected by quota and simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire of the WHO regarding HPH standards in 5 dimensions. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using ANOVA test at 95% CI. Results: The mean and standard deviation score for the management policy, patient evaluation, patient information, and interventions, providing a healthy workplace, continuity, and cooperation, and the total score were (38.71 ± 8.23), (17.37 ± 4.61), (16.3 ± 10.99), (32.8 ± 53.58), (41.55 ± 10.30) and (146.26 ± 29.13), respectively. The mean differences for the total score and two dimensions of patient management, and evaluation policy were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The mean differences for the three dimensions of information and patient interventions, creating a healthy work environment, continuity and cooperation were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was necessary preparation to establish the HPH standards in military healthcare centers from nurses’ perspective. These hospitals have proper planning in this field. To improve the preparedness of HPH standard implementation, it is essential to be given priority to the three dimensions of creating a healthy work environment, patient evaluation, and continuity and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The World Health Organization encourages hospitals to implement the health promoting hospital plan to improve health service quality. The aim of this study was to self-assessment status of health promotion in hospitals and identify existing strengths and gaps. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey in which 9 educational hospitals were selected through census sampling. Health promotion self-assessment tools were used for the data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Results: In most hospitals, the status were good regarding the health promoting policy in the hospitalchr('39')s mission, the availability of information to other patient organizations, providing information on high-risk diseases, recording patient information and follow-up training to patients and families in outpatient counseling, referral or during discharge. But the status were poor in terms of policies for participating in Health Promoting Hospitals Network, allocating specific funding for these services, revising guidelines for evaluating health promotion needs of patients, training new staff on hospital health promotion policies, implementing staff smoking cessation programs, Staff awareness on the organizationchr('39')s health promotion policy, a written plan to work with partners, and a specific process for exchanging patient information between organizations to continue patient care. Other standards evaluated average in most hospitals. Conclusion: The average evaluation of most elements of standards indicates the unorganized implementation of some health promotion activities in hospitals. It is essential to organize and reinforce existing on-going activities, regular self-assessment of health promotion activities, and design interventions based on self-assessment results.

Background & Aim: Health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD is different in various health care structures, and research in this area can help to identify the existing knowledge gap. The aim of this study was to determine health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD. Methods & Materials: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. A total of 180 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD. The data was analyzed through the SPSS software version 18 using t-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression. Results: The mean age of nurses was 34.58±8.05 years, 84.4% were female and 70.6% were married. The mean score of health promotion nursing activities was 197.10±37.90. Among the dimensions related to health promotion activities, "drugs/smoking cessation" (34.4%) and "selfempowerment" (32.8%) had the lowest frequency. There was a significant relationship between health promotion nursing activities with the work place (P=0.034), age (P<0.001), gender (P=0.022) and marital status (P=0.014). Conclusion: The health promotion nursing activities for the elderly with COPD was above moderate levels. In-service training programs and internal conferences are needed especially in the area of counseling behaviors and smoking cessation in order to improve the professional competency of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that affects the physical, mental, and emotional aspects of life. The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of health-promoting behaviors and self-management behaviors in the relationship between stressful life events and health-related quality of life in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all diabetic patients aged 25-75 years who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Zabol from January to March 2016 (n=550). The sample consisted of 400 patients who were selected via the convenience sampling method. They completed the life stressful events questionnaire, health-promoting lifestyle profile, diabetes self-management questionnaire, and diabetic patient's health-related quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) and LISREL 8.8 statistical software using structural equation modeling. Results: Based on the results, the direct path of stressful events to health-promoting behaviors and self-management behaviors was negative and significant (P<0.01); moreover, it was negative and non-significant to the health-related quality of life (P<0.01). The direct path of health-promoting behaviors and self-management behaviors to health-related quality of life was positive and significant (P<0.01). In addition, it was found that the indirect relationship between stressful events and health-related quality of life was mediated by health-promoting behaviors and self-management behaviors (P<0.01). Conclusion: These findings indicate that health-promoting behaviors and self-management behaviors can play a significant indirect role in reducing the negative effects of stressful events on health-related quality of life. Strengthening positive psychological characteristics and reducing risky constructs, such as stress and its perception, as well as the development of intervention programs and their application, can help improve the health-related quality of life among diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Building a favorable future for the health system is strongly emphasized in the upstream documents, but the nature of the future is fraught with uncertainty and has a fundamental feature such as invisibility. Today, the health system of the country is witness-oriented and has linear and deterministic thinking. Scenarios are the best learning tool for managing uncertainty, which makes it possible to re-read the structure and boundaries of existing health systems, as well as to understand the nature and role of stakeholders in pursuing sustainable health systems. The purpose of this study is to help mobilize material and human resources through the scriptwriting process to build a favorable future that the key actors of this system can plan so that in the future citizens can be physically comfortable in addition to equitable health care. Achieve psychological, spiritual and social as well. Materials and Methods: In this study, using in-depth interview tools and a questionnaire governing the Maktor software with 25 health system experts in the 2019 and relying on the process of scriptwriting at the University of Norway in four steps of analyzing trends and actors in the field of health as The first step is to determine the drivers as the second step, the development of scenarios as the third step, and finally the evaluation and strategic recommendation as the fourth step to design the scenarios of the health system at the national level. Results: The findings include four scenarios. The goal of the first scenario as a desirable scenario, Equity in the collective dimension and wellbeing in the individual dimension, in the second scenario as a possible scenario, the goal of that Equity in the collective dimension and ignoring wellbeing in the individual dimension, in the third scenario as a possible scenario goal of wellbeing in the dimension Individual and neglect of Equity in the collective dimension, and finally the fourth scenario as a scenario of disaster in which there is neither wellbeing in the individual dimension nor Equity in the collective dimension. Conclusion: In order to move away from the disaster scenario and approach the desired scenario, the country’s health system needs to change the paradigm from therapist to caregiver in such a way that multiple care promotes health, disease prevention, and treatment. Diseases and rehabilitation are integrated and, in this integration, the most important policy will be health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Public-private partnerships can provide the health systems with the required resources to prevent disease, render effective care services, and promote individual and community health. The purpose of this study was to review application of the public-private partnership model in the delivery and promotion of health services to investigate the scope of this model and its success in health systems. Information sources and selection methods for the study: This critical review was conducted by conducting a search in the databases of ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, ‌SID, and Magiran using a combination of the following keywords: public-private partnership, health promotion, health delivery, health improvement, health service, health care services, and providing health services. No time limit was considered in the research process. A total of 238 articles were extracted and reviewed. Results: Finally, 12 eligible articles were studied, which resulted in 4 main themes: public-private partnerships and prevention, public-private partnerships and infectious-communicable diseases, public-private partnerships and chronic diseases, and public- private partnerships and clinical health services design and information. Conclusion: The public-private partnerships were successful if supported and organized by the government. In most studied articles, the extent of private sector participation and its benefits were not clear. So, clarification of the interactions between these two sectors will increase the confidence of policymakers in public-private partnerships.