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Background. Workplace violence in the healthcare system has become an important policymaking issue in recent years and is considered one of the most complex issues for the governmental system. Due to the lack of a similar study in Golestan province, this study was conducted to determine the level of exposure to workplace violence against nurses and the factors related to it. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2021 Where 293 nurses were included after random stratified sampling. The data collection tool was demographic and occupational variables as well as the workplace violence questionnaire and data analysis was done by descriptive statistics methods and Mann-Whitney, Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests in SPSS-23 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results. The average age of the nurses participating in the study was 33.93 ± 7.16 years and their average work experience was 9.82 ± 6.32 years. Among the subjects, 82.6% were women and the rest were men. The prevalence of workplace violence was 86% in one year. Mental and physical violence with a frequency of 79.5% and 42.7%, respectively, had the highest occurrences. Also, 57. 7% did not report any act of violence. In front of these acts of violence, the most reactions were inviting the attacker to calm down (42.3%), discussing the issue with colleagues (23.5%), and not taking any specific action (19.5%). There was a significant relationship between physical violence and gender (P-value=0.024) and department of hospital (P-value=0.003). Sexual violence was also significantly related to department of hospital (P-value=0.046). Also, there was a significant relationship between racial violence and gender (P-value=0.001), department of hospital (P-value=0.028), and work shift (P-value=0.005). Conclusion. According to the results, the prevalence of workplace violence was generally high in one year, but most of the nurses did not report any act of violence. Therefore, medical policymakers and hospital managers should consider improving nurses' communication skills, and security measures, training staff on anger management, and reducing nurses' workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Control on children`s dental anxiety is one of the important & effective factor predicting treatment success. Personality factors & parenting style can be very effective in children`s dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles and child`s dental anxiety and behavior in dental setting. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study done a sample of 126 children aged 4-6 years old and their parents participated in this study in the year 2020. Sampling method was nonrandom and simple. MCDASf questionnaire was used to measure children`s dental anxiety and Bumrind questionnaire was used for scores of parenting styles. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation, Spearman Correlation, and chi-square tests. Results: A significant relationship between the score of authoritative parenting style in parents and pediatric dental anxiety (p value = 0.803, r = 0.022). However, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the score of authoritarian parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = -0.307). Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the score of permissive parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = 0.318). Conclusion: Dental anxiety and behavior in children is associated with parenting style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although medical emergencies are not common in dental offices, lack of appropriate attention to such incidents might result in irreparable complications in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of general dentists in Isfahan in dealing with common medical emergencies. Materials & Methods: A total of 120 general dentists (53 males and 67 females, with a mean age of 41.2 ± 13 years) working in Isfahan were randomly selected for the purpose of this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic variables, data on education history, and dentists’ attitude toward the need for more education and a test with 10 questions on how to deal with common medical emergencies. Data were analyzed with Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests, independent t-test, chi-squared test and Fischer’s exact test using SPSS 22 (α = 0.05). Results: A total of 69 dentists (57.5%) acquired poor scores (0-5), 32 acquired a moderate score (6), 13 acquired a good score (7) and 6 acquired very good scores (≥ 8); 94% of the participants stated that they had not received adequate education in this field, and nearly 97% emphasized on the need for more education. There was no significant difference in the overall mean scores between male and female subjects (p value = 0.38). Knowledge level increased with years since graduation (p value = 0.028). Finally, <30% of the dentists stated that they had all the equipment and essential medicine to manage medical emergencies in their office. Conclusion: Dentists in Isfahan exhibited low knowledge level about proper management of common medical emergencies and were not properly trained for such situations and their offices were not well equipped. This study showed that these dentists believe they need training in this field and past education has not met their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as a health-threatening factors and the most important cause of mortality worldwide and also in Iran. Thus, it seems necessary to intervene in order to increase public awareness of the risk factors and to enhance their motivation for reducing those factors via the theory-based education Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on nutritional behavior of patients with myocardial infarction admitted to the hospitals in Guilan province during 1395-96( 2017-2018). Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled experimental trial. Eighty-six patients with myocardial infarction were randomly assigned into two case (43) and control (43) groups. Data from both groups (demographic and health belief model and nutritional behavior) were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire before and a month after educational intervention. After fulfilling the requirements based on HBM, educational intervention took place in case group. Control group did not receive any kind of intervention, they just received the routine notes from hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 using suitable statistical tests (chi-square test, Spearman coefficient and independent t-test). Results: In terms of demographic characteristics, no significant differences were seen between the groups. Before intervention, no significant differences were seen between mean scores of HBM constructs, awareness and nutritional behaviors in the groups, while after intervention there was a significant difference between them (p<0.001). Results also showed a significant difference in case group before and after receiving educational intervention (p<0.001). But there was no significant change in the control group before and after educational intervention (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that intervention based on HBM, emphasizing awareness and nutritional behavior of patients with myocardial infarction, could have a positive effect on the nutritional behavior of the patients and consequently their health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by impairments in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Type II diabetes is the most common form of diabetes mellitus. The patient's self-care is regarded as the most important factor in metabolic control in diabetic patients. Therefore, the improvement of self-care behaviors is the first step to control type II diabetes. Accordingly, patient education on self-care behavior is necessary to improve the knowledge and skill of these population. Video-based learning is a method to improve self-care behaviors. As a result, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of video-based learning on self-care behaviors in type II diabetic patients. It is hoped that the results will be used to control this disease. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 60 diabetic patients referring to the Diabetes Clinic in Zabol. Systematic probable sampling method was performed for sampling and two questionnaires were utilized for collecting demographic and self-control behaviors in diabetic patients. The intervention group received video-based instructions in four sessions while the control group only received routine cares without any instructions. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 24) through paired and independent t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Chi-square test. In addition, P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results obtained from the independent t-test, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention 54.8 (7.29) and control groups 55.96 (12.17) regarding the pretest scores. However, a significant difference was observed between the intervention 67.86 (11.77) and control groups 57.76 (13.40) in terms of the posttest scores after the intervention and video-based instructions (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results revealed that the implementation of video-based learning methods can have an effect on the improvement of self-care behaviors among patients. Therefore, the utilization of these methods by health care providers can be effective in the improvement of self-care behaviors among diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. Given the importance of the subject in program planning for promotion of the oral health of the community, this study evaluated OHL among citizens in Isfahan, Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 758 adults living in Isfahan, who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire which consisted of 17 questions on OHL in 4 sections of reading comprehension, perception of numbers, listening and decision making. There were 3 questions on oral health behaviors; a question on potential sources for oral health information, the self-assessment of oral health of participants as well as age, sex and education. The citizens were categorized into three groups with inadequate OHL (0‒9), borderline (10‒11) and adequate OHL (12‒17). Ttest, ANOVA, LSD tests, chi-squared, Spearman’s coefficient and multivariate linear regression were applied for statistical analyses verbal consents were achieved. Results: Of participants, 53% had adequate OHL. The mean (SD) of OHL was 11.1 (4.3) of a total of 17. Woman, older adults and those with higher education scored higher for OHL (p value < 0.05). The score of OHL was higher among those who reported favorable oral health behaviors (p value = 0.006). In addition, participants who believed they had a poor oral health status had low OHL scores compared to the other two groups. Dentists, radio and television, and the internet were the main sources of oral health information of citizens in Isfahan. Conclusion: The study showed insufficient OHL among Isfahan citizens. Health policy maker should have prepare oral health programs to promote OHL in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]