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Background and Objective: The presence of toxic compounds, including phenol, due to industrial development, poses a threat to the environment. Utilizing hairy roots has emerged as a potential method to remove these toxins. This review aims to explore the efficacy of hairy roots in absorbing phenol pollutants and the influencing parameters. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive-review method based on existing literature gathered from databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The focus of the study was on the purification of phenol using hairy roots. Keywords such as Phytoremediation, Hairy root, Phenol, and Transgenic roots were used for data collection. Results: Results show successful phenol removal by hairy roots, potentially attributed to abundant production of peroxidase enzymes. Various factors, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), incubation time, pH, plant species, and pollutant concentration, impact phenol removal efficiency. Notably, plants like Brassica napus, rich in peroxidase enzymes, exhibit high efficiency in removing phenol pollution up to 500 mg/L, with H2O2 and within a pH range of 4-9. Conclusion: In conclusion, hair roots possess significant adsorption capacity for phenol. However, phenol concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature influence their performance. Therefore, further research is required to explore optimal conditions for phenol removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To prevent and reduce injuries when using the facilities of parks, it is necessary to provide safe public spaces which have a great impact on various aspects of life quality and social sustainability of the city . Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of parks in the cities of Iran. Methods: This is a systematic review conducted through searching international databases of Scopus, PubMed, web of sciences, and local scientific databases including Civilica, SID, and Magiran and finally using Google search engine until August 2020 . The inclusion criteria included full articles in English and Farsi languages. Key words included "urban park", "playground", "safety" and "Iran". Also, other information obtained from these studies was analyzed using the collected questionnaires. Results: 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, the results of which showed safety indicators were weak to moderate in parks of the metropolitan areas . In the other cities, study indicators have been reported to be poor. Children's play equipment also did not fully comply with safety standards. Also, park lighting was not desirable and in terms of physical access, they were not designed to meet the needs of people with disabilities and children of all ages. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, to prevent the occurrence of injuries and damages caused by playing in parks, safety issues should be considered in environmental planning. It is recommended to pay attention to cases related to child safety, play equipment, health and environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The today s most concerning problem in the world is the morbidity and mortality following covid19 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate different factors and their impacts on mortality rate of covid19 patients. In this review article, recent studies from February 2019 to April 2021 were assessed using English and Persian resources. The keywords were Covid19, mortality rate, underlying diseases, and demographic factors which were investigated through PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Iran Medex, Ovid, Scopus, Scientific information database and Magi ran. At first 298 articles were collected. Then titles and abstracts were assessed. Due to inclusive, exclusive criteria, and aims of research, 51 articles were selected and entered to the study. Underlying diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity could lead to the increase of covid19 complications and mortality by weakening the immune system, producing inflammation, inducing metabolic disorders, coagulopathy, and impairing respiratory system function. Demographic factors like age, sex, race and occupation could affect mortality rate of covid19 patients due to physiologic differences, rate of contacts, and protection measures. The impact of life-style on covid19 complications and mortality and preventing measures needed for modifications could be of high-interest in the future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important consequences of Covid-19 is delirium, which is often overlooked or forgotten. Therefore, it is very important to consider early diagnosis, standard evaluation, and management of delirium symptoms, and it is necessary for the medical staff to be fully aware of its prevalence and proper management. Therefore, this review study was performed to investigate the prevalence of delirium and its consequences in the elderly with Covid-19. In this study, the prism method was used to review and report standard standard review studies. The present study included research published from 2019 to 2021 in the scientific database of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Mgiran. After the initial search, 63 articles were obtained, and finally, by studying their abstracts, 14 articles that were in line with the research objectives were reviewed. Findings from these studies showed that approximately one-third to onequarter of the elderly with Covid suffer from cognitive problems caused by delirium. Therefore, the training of more and more health care professionals active in the medical sector in the field of delirium prevention and management, as part of comprehensive medical-psychiatric care for the elderly is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against nurses is one of the growing problems around the world. One of the concerns of health workers is violence at work, which is one of the effective factors in decreasing the working quality and satisfaction of staff and patients. The emergency department, because of its working nature is an environment full of violence and can easily turn to a place for violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the determination of violence against emergency nurses. This study is a narrative review that searches through databases, Google Scholar. PubMed. SCOPUS, Scientific Jihad Scientific Database (SID), Magiran (Bank of journals of the country). Criteria’s for articles entry included: researches related to emergency nurses, publishing article in Persian or English , the accessibility to the article’s full text. Finally, 15 articles were selected for the purpose of the research. The findings were categorized into 8 main categories, violent characteristics, nurses characteristics, nurses reactions to violence, Reporting rates and reasons for not reporting, violet’s characteristics, Problems that cause violence, Legal dimensions of violence, Violence reduction strategies. Most of the violence against nurses is verbal and then physical; sexual and racial violence have been studied in a few studies. The concerning matter is the low rate of reporting and follow-up after violence which needs to be mitigated by planning and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, scientific output in the field of medical science has grown dramatically, and the determination of the appropriate index for their measurement is necessary. The purpose of the present study is to review the status of existing scientific and index indicators for the evaluation of scientific outputs in the field of medical sciences. In this review study, using Persian keywords (sciences, indexes, journals, universities, researcher) in the Persian Data bases of Magiran, noormags, Irandoc, National Library, Regional Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), Civilica, and Latin Keywords (Scientometric, indicator, Journals, University, Researcher) External databases were searched by Google Advanced Search, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI and Research Gate. In this regard, it is attempted to extract the most relevant documents in the period 2005-2019 as follows. As a result of the keyword search in the article title, 28 articles with valid and reliable information were reviewed. The findings from the studies showed that there is a unity in all studies, which the existing indices alone cannot fully evaluate the scientific outputs, and all researchers in their research sought to provide a new index to complement or replace the indices. Therefore, scientific work is a complex activity that needs to be evaluated by more than one metric and the need to use synthetic indices cannot be ignored. Nowadays, scientometrics has been widely used to better understand the strengths and weaknesses and to predict and predict the scientific status of researchers at medical universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As social networks are increasingly used, the research published through social networks should be evaluated. Hence, new measures were employed to examine the scientific effectiveness of social networks. The measurements taken from social networks, called Altmetrics, provide an opportunity to evaluate research. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of indexed articles of researchers affiliated with Bushehr University of Medical Sciences at the Scopus site in social networks. Materials and Methods: The present applied study used altmetrics to determine articles with the highest altmetrics score. Data was collected form June 22nd to August 23rd, 2018 from Scopus database, and analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) in Excel and SPSS version 20. Results: The findings of this study showed that out of 679 articles incexed for Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in Scopus database, 128 articles in social networks had altmetrics score in different social networks. The study of various networks showed that Mendely (79.79%), Twitter (8.58%) and Dimensions (6.86%) were the most important social networks that users visited or shared through the research articles. Finally, we found a positive and significant relationship between altmetrics and citation indicators of articles, Conclusion: It can be said that altmetrics can be used as a complement to citation indicators to evaluate the performance of researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Environmental burden of disease (EBD) studies are one of the most important needs for determining the current situation, increasing the effectiveness of health policies and programs and prioritizing environmental health interventions. This review article was evaluated the status of the EBD in Iran based on the results of the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, other international studies and national estimates in the country. Materials and Methods: In this study, the researches on the EBD in Iran were identified by searching in the international and national scientific databases and the search results were studied and analyzed. Results: The review of the EBD studies showed that based on the results of the GBD study, the share of environmental risk factors in the total burden of diseases in the country in 2017 according to the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths were about 8 and 13%, respectively. According to the results of the GBD study, the contributions of environmental risk factors in the attributable DALYs in the country in 2017 (a total value of 1,648,329) were as follows: ambient air PM2.5 for 45.0%, occupational risk factors for 25.1%, exposure to lead for 19.4%, unsafe water source for 5.0%, tropospheric ozone for 1.7%, lack of access to handwashing facility for 1.5%, unsafe sanitation for 1.4%, residential radon for 0.6%, and household air pollution from solid fuels for 0.3%. The total DALY rate and death rate attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation in Iran in 2000 were estimated to be 46.2 and 0.7, respectively. The DALY and the DALY rate attributable to elevated levels of fluoride in drinking water due to dental fluorosis in the country in 2017 were 3,443 and 4.14, respectively. The evaluation of the effect of water fluoridation as an environmental protective factor showed that the intervention by reducing the risk of dental caries could fall the DALY and DALY rates in the country by 14,971 and 18.73, respectively. In the period of 2005-2017, the DALY rate (per 100,000 people) attributable to ambient air PM2.5, tropospheric ozone, residential radon, and occupational risk factors rose that the result increases the importance of the preventive measures and controls of these risk factors. Conclusion: There was a considerable difference in the burden of disease attributed to each risk factor in various international studies as well as between national and international studies. The results of national studies on the burden of diseases attributable to environmental risk factors are considered to be more reliable and practical due to the application of more detailed data and conducting subnational evaluations; therefore, the strengthening and continuing these studies at the national and sub-national levels with regard to priorities, needs, and spatiotemporal trends using domestic reliable data and information are necessary and strictly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaning of life is one of the most complex issues that have engaged the minds of many theorists. The meaning of life generally involves having a goal or a sense of a single goal in life. Adolescents experience more conflict and psychological distresses compared with others and seek more to find meaning in their lives. Considering the importance of meaning of life in physical and psychological health of adolescents, this study aimed to review the components related to the meaning of life in adolescents. This study was a review that search was conducted in electronic databases such as Google Scholar SID (Scientific Information Database), Magiran, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Scopus. The related articles, which were concentrated about adolescents' health, were extracted from 1987 to 2016, and after reviewing the abstracts and full text of the articles ultimately, 42 articles were used for writing. The results showed that components such as mental health, identity styles, life expectancy, religion and social communication play an important role in achieving the meaning of life in adolescents. Considering that the concept of the meaning of life in adolescents is a multifaceted phenomenon that is influenced by several factors, it seems that in order to institutionalize the adolescent's meaning of life and improve their level of health, a multiple approach with the participation of the individual, family and social institutions are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]