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Professional skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind that makes to be alert to conditions indicating fraud, management bias, and inconsistencies across evidence. An appropriate level of professional skepticism is essential to a high-quality audit, for this purpose, this paper aims to investigate the effect of partner communication of fraud likelihood and skeptical orientation on the level of professional skepticism in auditor judgments. This study examines the effect on professional skepticism of the partner's communication on the likelihood of fraud (making their own view known, making management's view known or not making any view known) and the skeptical orientation being encouraged (outward orientation towards the veracity of management representations and/or inward towards the fallibility of the auditor's judgment processes). The statistical sample consisted of 185 auditors working in trusted audit institutions of Tehran Securities & Exchange Organization in 2023 who were selected by convenience sampling. To investigate hypotheses and analyze data, an analysis of variance and the SPSS software were used. Results indicate that auditors exhibit higher levels of professional skepticism when the partner expresses management's view, rather than their own view or no view, that there is a low likelihood of fraud. Also finding indicates emphasizing an inward skeptical orientation was not found to be more effective in encouraging professional skepticism in audit judgments than emphasizing an outward skeptical orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i.e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step; Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step; Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step; Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions; Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin and ibuprofen on pain control, in terms of pain intensity and duration of analgesia after extraction of the third molar of the mandible in the maxillofacial surgery department of the University School of Dentistry Islamic Azad Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1399. Material and Methods: The study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 48 patients who were candidates for mandibular third molar surgery. they should also write their pain intensity one hour after taking the second dose of the drug after seeing the first symptoms of pain based on the VAS scale and the duration of their analgesia from the time of taking the drug (which was one hour before surgery for all patients) to the first signs of pain appeared on a piece of paper. Data analysis was performed using Two sample T test power analysis of PASS software version 22. Results: The results of our study showed that the duration of analgesia after Curcumin use is shorter compared to Ibuprofen (P<0.001). This difference was also statistically significant. Also, after taking the second dose of the drug, patients treated with ibuprofen reported less pain intensity, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.39) Conclusion: Ibuprofen compared to Curcumin further reduces patients' pain and also has a longer duration of pain for patients after extraction of the third molar of the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: faculty members should be competent experts and knowledgeable in their specializations and become skillful in teaching and professional attitude. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Medical Education Course in the Education Development Center of the deputy of medical sciences Islamic Azad University. Using Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model in spring 2021. Material and Methods: A sample of 45 faculty members from all over the country was selected by random sampling method. Pre-test and post-test, and feedback questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of training. At the reaction level, the feedback questionnaire was used, which confirmed its validity and reliability. A researcher-made questionnaire was validated by a group of medical education experts for pre-test and post-test, and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, paired t-test and regression tests with SPSS24 were used. Results: The study revealed that the training conducted had resulted in evidence to two of the four levels of Kirkpatrick’s model. The reactions to the training received on average 4.48 of the 5-point Likert scale that revealed overall positive feedback on the evaluation. Pre and post-test to determine learning resulted in a significant increase in knowledge p <0.000. Conclusion: Reffer to Kirkpatrick’s model, Medical Education course of faculty members, revealed overall positive feedback and a significant increase in their knowledge and attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is considered a common sexual problem affecting different aspects of life, and it seems to be rooted in individual's personality. Aim: This paper aims to compare prevalence of sexual dysfunctions between those with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and healthy persons. Method: This is a causal – comparative research. To do so, 700 males and females from Tehran City were screened in 2021, among them 120 persons were diagnosed with NPD and 41 persons were selected through convenience sampling as individuals with disorder. Data of 40 healthy persons were analyzed for comparative purposes. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI3), Female Sexual Functions Index (FSFI) and International Index of Erectile Function (ILEF) were used. Data were analyzed by comparing two independent groups in SPSS, Version 26. Results: In females, there were no significant differences in sexual function (t=1.011, P=0.320), moisture (t=0.537, P=0.595), orgasm (t=-0.539, P=0.594), sexual pleasure (t=0.164, P=0.871) and pain (t=0.999, P=0.327) between narcissists and healthy persons. Difference in sexuality (t=2.289, P<0.05) and arousal (t=2.107, P<0.05) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists. Moreover, in males, the difference in sexual function (t=7.545, P<0.001), sexuality (t=12.871, P<0.001) and erection (t=4.832, P<0.001) in healthy persons was more significant than narcissists, and orgasm (t=-3.426, P<0.01) in narcissists was less than in healthy persons. However, there was no significant difference between sexual pleasure in both groups (t=-0.866, P=0.393). Conclusion: The results show that prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in narcissists is more than healthy persons. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists consider personality traits in diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between cognition and emotion has always been of interest for researchers. Although each area is considered to be separate, but they interact with each other. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the induced impact of the emotions of shame and guilt on working memory performance. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental in which pretest-posttest design has been used. The population in this study includes all the female college students at Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2014-2015 academic year. Firstly, 100 students between 19-23age groups were selected by convenient sampling to complete demographic questionnaire and to do the dual paper-pencil task for the evaluation of the working memory performance. Then, a group of 96 students was matched in three groups of the emotion of shame (N = 32), emotion of guilt (N = 32) and neutral group (N = 32) based on age and working memory performance. Afterwards, participants were asked to carry out the task of recalling emotional memories and dual paper-and-pencil task. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, the descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Results: The results obtained through the use of covariance method showed that after modifying the pre-test scores, the emotions of shame and guilt significantly affected the individual`s working memory(F= 4/95 ،p<0/01). Conclusion: Based on these Results, we can conclude that emotions affect working memory performance, and exposure to negative emotional memories (shame and guilt) interfere with working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify, categorize and analyze the components of social responsibility in Iranian public libraries. Specifically, it seeks to determine the extent to which these components are realized within Iranian public libraries. Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, through a review of English-language research articles, the components of social responsibility in public libraries were identified and categorized into 5 primary dimensions and 11 sub-categories. A conceptual model was designed using a concept sorting method. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was developed based on the identified components. Content validity was established using the Content Validity Index (CVI), with a mean CVI of .80 per item. Reliability was assessed through the split-half method, yielding a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .891. Data collection occurred between January 2023 - June 2023. The sample size was calculated to be approximately 160 participants using Cochran's formula. Then, a systematic sampling technique was employed to select 80 participants from Hosseiniyeh Ershad Library and another 80 from Park-e Shahr Library, both located in Teh-ran. Data collection spanned a period of 45 days. For data analysis, a variety of statistical tests were utilized, including binomial tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and structural equation modeling. Findings: The study revealed a complex structure of social responsibility in public libraries, composed of five primary dimensions and eleven secondary dimensions. These dimensions include popularization of critical rationality, encompassing critical thinking and historical awareness; responsiveness, characterized by reasoned argumentation and a commitment to justice; dialogical rationality, emphasizing freedom of expression and inclusive dialogue; social inspiration, fostering social art and literature; and socialization, promoting privacy, community integration, and public awareness. The findings indicated a general gap between the expected and actual levels of social responsibility in the studied libraries. While no significant differences were observed between the responses of users from the two libraries, demographic factors such as age and income influenced perceptions of social responsibility. Younger individuals (aged 31-40) were less likely to perceive social inspiration as fulfilled, while those with higher incomes (10-15 million Tomans per month) reported lower levels of satisfaction in critical rationality, social inspiration and socialization. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the paths of critical rationality, social inspiration, and socialization were the only significant paths in the model, meaning that dialogical rationality is a factor influencing social inspiration, and the combined effect of these two factors influences socialization. Furthermore, dialogical rationality had the most powerful indirect effect on socialization, suggesting that popularization of dialogical rationality is the most prioritized social responsibility of public libraries. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the components of social responsibility in public libraries. Additionally, it highlights the significance of dialogic rationality in achieving the broader goals of social responsibility within these institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: One of the chronic diseases that has developed widely is chronic kidney disease. Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The experience of hemodialysis and its problems affect people's resilience. Considering the chronic nature of the disease in hemodialysis patients and the need for continuous education and continuous care in these patients and the limited availability of articles, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the continuous care model on the resilience of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 74 patients (37 experimental patients and 37 control patients) undergoing hemodialysis in 2023, at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Tehran. In this study, a simple randomization method with coin toss was used to allocate units in the experimental and control groups. Personal characteristics questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire were used to collect information. In the experimental group, in addition to routine care, the continuous care model was implemented in 4 stages (including four stages of orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation) for one month. The resilience of the patients was measured before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS version 23 and analyzed. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of individual characteristics and average resilience (P<0.05). Based on the results, the implementation of the continuous care model had improved the average resilience score (P<0.001). At the time of follow-up, this difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001) and it was still higher in the endurance test group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients are under high pressure and stress and need higher resilience. This study showed that the continuous care model is useful in promoting resilience and increasing tolerance of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use continuous care model in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Places form part of people's identity. But today, urban places, including neighborhoods – affected by urbanism and urbanization- have lost their meaning, resulting in the weakening of today-citizens’ place identity. However, some old neighborhoods -as Identity-maker elements- may still maintain and enhance citizens’ place-identity, and due to this important role, this calls for double attention. Regarding the importance of this subject, the aim of this research is to analyze the place identity level, and its affecting factors, in one of the oldest neighborhoods in Sabzevar, named Kolah Farangi Neighborhood .This is a survey research, the required data of which, have been collected by questionnaire with simple random sampling, then analyzed using onesample T-test and Pearson correlation and Lambda correlation. In the paper, place-identity has been evaluated with five components, including external evaluation, familiarity, pastcontinuity, place commitment and attachment. Results show that, except of the external evaluation component, other components of place-identity are at the appropriate level and despite the changes that have taken place in the physical context of the Kolah Farangi neighborhood, the neighborhood still has a high level of identity for its inhabitants. Also, the length of residence in a neighborhood, housing ownership status, social interactions and the sense of security, affect the place-identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis exerts a marked impact on the quality of life of individuals experiencing grief. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of life quality improvement treatment and emotion-focused therapy on the cognitive flexibility and vitality of individuals affected by grief due to COVID-19. Material & Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and one control group. In 2021, 30 individuals affected by grief were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups: life quality improvement treatment, emotion-focused therapy, and the control group. Data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The first experimental group received emotion-focused therapy (Leslie Greenberg, 2012), while the second experimental group received life quality improvement treatment (Fresch, 2006). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 27) using analysis of covariance. Results: The results demonstrated that both emotion-focused therapy and therapy based on improving quality of life had a positive effect on behavioral flexibility and social vitality, and the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life on the vitality of bereaved people was more than emotion-focused therapy. Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of both treatments on the flexibility of action and the effectiveness of the treatment to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with grief, psychotherapists can benefit from both two treatments to improve the quality of life and vitality of people with the experience of grief to take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inefficiency in the process of emotion regulation prevents the emergence of efficient behaviors and appropriate coping responses to the situation in marital relationships by the individual, which seems to be influenced by relational beliefs. Aim: The present study aimed to formulate a structural model of marital satisfaction based on relational beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. Methods: The current research was descriptive-correlation based on the method of structural equations and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all married women between the ages of 30 and 50 who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the first six months of 2022, among them 371 women were selected using the random clusters sampling method. The research tools included ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, Relationship Belief Inventory, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The results of the present study showed there is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of positive emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.003, Z=-2.11). There is an indirect and significant relationship between relational beliefs and marital satisfaction with the mediation of negative emotional cognitive regulation (P=0.009, Z=-1.78). Conclusion: The results showed that marital satisfaction is predicted based on communication beliefs with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in married women. It is suggested that couple therapists and family therapists pay attention to relational beliefs and cognitive emotion regulation strategies derived from them in counseling and couple therapy to increase marital satisfaction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Divorce is not only an event but also a process that has short-term and long-term effects on children. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind in children from divorced families and ordinary children. Method: This is causal-comparative research. The statistical population included 180 male and female students between 9 and 12 years old in Districts 5 and 18 of Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022 selected by convenience sampling method and divided in two groups of children from divorced families and ordinary children (n=90 in each group). For data collection, Executive Function System (D-KEFS) (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001), Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999) and Theory of Mind (Hutchins et al., 2012) were used. The research data was analyzed by independent t-test and SPSS 24. Results: The results showed a significant difference in working memory (t=6.08, P<0.05), mental flexibility (t=5.12, P<0.05), inhibitory control (t=7.16, P<0.05), sensory register (t=6.72, P<0.05), sensation-seeking (t=4.65, P<0.05) and sensory sensitivity (t=7.36, P<0.05), and theory of mind levels including level 1 (t=7.12, P<0.05), level 2 (t=7.14, P<0.05), and level 3 (t=9.32, P<0.05). The mean of ordinary children was higher than that of children from divorced families, but no significant difference was observed in the mean of sensory avoiding in both groups (P˃0.05). Conclusion: The status of executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind in normal children was better than that of children from divorced families. Therefore, the use of educational programs to strengthen cognitive dimensions of the mind of children from divorced families with emphasis on executive functions, sensory processing and theory of mind can be effective on improving their cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considering the prevalence of marital conflict and emotional divorce among couples and the role these factors play in the incidence of divorce in society, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group couples therapy based on the acceptance and commitment approach on marital conflict and emotional divorce. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group couple therapy based on the acceptance and commitment approach on marital conflict and emotional divorce. Method: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who had approached the counseling centers of the 2nd district of Tehran in 2020. twenty-four individuals (12 couples) were selected from the above community by an available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 12 individuals (6 couples) and the control group. 12 individuals (6 pairs) were placed. The data collection instruments included questionnaires on marital conflict (Sanaei, 2000) and emotional divorce (Gottman, 2008). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute group couples therapy based on Hayes & Strosahl (2010) acceptance and commitment approach. SPSS version 22 software and the analysis of covariance method were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that group couples therapy based on acceptance and commitment was effective (p=0.002 and, F: 12.228) for emotional divorce (P=0.004, & F: 10.185) and marital conflict (p 0.05.) <). Conclusion: Group therapy for couples based on acceptance and commitment can reduce conflict and emotional divorce by providing couples with a better understanding of marital conditions and the relationship. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be used to reduce marital conflict and emotional divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Identifying related and influencing factors on marital satisfaction is of particular necessity and importance. It seems that attachment styles and loneliness are among the factors affecting marital satisfaction. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between attachment styles and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all women and men who were referred to family counseling centers in Ilam City in 2019 with complaints of marital problems of which 320 people were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data Adult Attachment Questionnaire by Simpson (1990), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1993) and The University of California Loneliness Scale (1996) were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .24 and Amos. 24. Results: In the present study, the results showed that loneliness and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship (β=-.258, P=.001). Avoidant attachment (β=-.189, P=.001) and anxious attachment (β=-.138, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship. Loneliness in the relationship between secure attachment (β=.149, P=.001), anxiety (β=-.043, P=.048) and avoidance (β=-.140, P=.001) and marital satisfaction had a mediating role. Conclusion: The results showed that loneliness mediates the relationship between secure, anxious and avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that couples and family therapists, in counseling and couple therapy, to increase marital satisfaction, should also pay attention to people's attachment styles manifestations and feelings of loneliness caused by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Due to the increase in anxiety caused by corona in students, especially nursing students who deal with patients, it seems necessary to identify ways to deal with it. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and anxiety of Corona among nursing students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive research, 159 nursing students who met the criteria for entering the study in 2019 were included in the study by stratified random sampling. The data was collected through the questionnaire of demographic information, corona anxiety and religious beliefs of George. Data analysis were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Chi-Square) at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that the majority (79.2%) of weak corona anxiety research units had strong religious beliefs (73.6%), and Spearman's test showed that there is no significant relationship between corona anxiety and religious orientation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acting on religious beliefs can reduce people's anxiety in difficult and critical situations, and in this study, because the majority of the research units had strong religious beliefs, they reported low corona anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dark personality traits include a range of socially aversive personality traits that are associated with risky behaviors and other mental health risk factors. However, it is not clear which specific risky behaviors are associated with each Personality trait (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy and Sadism) outlined in this conceptual framework. Aim: Examining the Relationship Between Dark Tetrad of Personality and Domain-Specific Risktaking Behavior Among Iranian Young People was the aim of this study. Method: The Research Design for this study is based on Descriptive Correlational Research method, A sample of 848 Young people was selected with the convenience sampling method from the Tehran using an online research platform. Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale and the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) were used for data collection. The data were Analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Stepwise regression using SPSS version 26. Results: The correlation matrix of the research variables demonstrated that all components of the Dark Tetrad of Personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism) are positively correlated with various domains of risk-taking (Social, Recreational, Gambling, Health/Safety, and Ethical). Among the four personality traits, Psychopathy and Sadism show the highest correlation, while Narcissism and Machiavellianism demonstrate a weaker correlation with risk-taking behaviors. Additionally, only Machiavellianism and Narcissism were linked to risky investments. Conclusion: In conclusion, for more accurate clinical decision-making concerning the relationship between Dark Personality traits and risky behaviors, it is essential to consider the specific and unique relationship between the traits and domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The possible accidents for mountaineers and the importance of safety highlight the necessity of first aid training in the mountains. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated first aid training on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of mountaineers. Material & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 93 mountaineers using the available sampling method and random allocation using permutation blocks of six in three groups of virtual, face-to-face, and integrated training. The intervention was carried out for four weeks. Face-to-face and integrated training groups attended in-person classes, while the virtual training group received the content through WhatsApp messenger during the same period. Participants completed the demographic characteristic form, as well as knowledge, attitude, and skill questionnaires before the intervention and three weeks after its completion, and the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (P<0.05). Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and skills in the three groups before and after the intervention had a significant difference and increased after the intervention (P<0.001). In the inter-group comparison, the face-to-face training group obtained higher scores in attitude (69.58±4.19) and skill (44.06±12.99) compared to the virtual and integrated education (P<0.000214). Discussion & Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the attitude, knowledge, and skill scores of mountaineers in all three groups of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated training before and after the intervention, and the mean scores increased. Nonetheless, the mean score of face-to-face training was higher than that of virtual and integrated training methods. It is suggested that face-to-face training be used to teach first aid to mountaineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with autism are known to have qualitative defects in communication and social interactions, as well as repetitive and limited behaviors. In addition, these children have deficits in joint attention. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the joint attention training program on the neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility of children with high-functioning autism aged 3 to 7 in Abadan City, Iran. Material & Methods: A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group was conducted in 2021 for 30 children with high-functioning autism disorder in Fereshtagan and Noandish centers in Abadan, Iran. The sampling was performed in an accessible way and via the randomized balanced blocks method in the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the assignment and joint attention training program was implemented in the intervention group. The data were collected using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ, Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993), Continuous Performance Task (CPT, Connors, 2004), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Grant and Berg, 1948). The obtained data were analyzed through the multivariate covariance test and at a significance level of 0.05 using the SPSS software. Results: In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of neuropsychological abilities decreased from 7.82 (0.93) in the pre-test to 6.26 (0.84) in the post-test (P<0.001). In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of cognitive flexibility decreased from 7.00 (1.00) in the pre-test to 6.22 (0.70) in the post-test (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the joint attention training program in improving neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility, the implementation of this program is recommended for preschool counselors and psychologists to improve the conditions of children, especially those with high-functioning autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, technological advances have led to dramatic changes in the financial ecosystem and momentum in the traditional structure of the banking industry and the need to review the traditional business models of banks. Therefore, the current study has been conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach to explain the open banking business model in the Middle East Bank. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part consists of middle managers of various branches of the Middle East Bank active in the field of open banking and managers of fin-techs whose statistical sample size was equal to 10 people. Also, the quantitative population of this study is the managers and employees and natural and legal customers of 16 branches of the Middle East Bank in Tehran, which was determined based on Cochran's formula equal to 370 people. The data collection tool in this study is semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews, the data of which were analyzed using the soft systems research method, and in the quantitative part, the data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire were collected and then analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations. Based on this, 94 codes extracted from interviews with experts, were classified into 74 concepts, 16 subcategories and 3 categories of customer-oriented banking, API management and regulatory developments. Quantitative findings also confirm the positive and significant impact of these three components on the open banking business model of the Middle East Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) is an important part of athletes' preparation exercises with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, creating neuro-muscular adaptations and improving sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with weights on nerve conduction speed and functional and skill indicators of seven to ten-year-old gymnasts. Methods: In this study, 24 children with two years of experience in gymnastics (age: 8.5±1.5 years, weight: 32.10±9.40 kg, height: 135±13 cm) voluntarily Participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including gymnastics training and gymnastics training + resistance training with weights. And they trained for 10 weeks. During the research, one group did general gymnastics exercises, and the other group did resistance training with weights three times a week in addition to gymnastics exercises. Before and after the exercises, NCV test, Sargent's jump muscle power tests, agility of 9x4m back-and-forth run, Wells' flexibility, and performing half-back, half-turn and balance skills of Angel were performed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. And a significance level of P<0.05 was considered. Results: The results showed that the NCV in the tibial and peroneal nerves increased significantly in the weight resistance training group compared to the general gymnastics training group. Also, muscle strength in Sargent's jump, agility in 4x9m back and forth running, and the performance of half-back and half-turn skills increased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the flexibility with the Wells test (P=0.870) and execution of Angel's balance skill (P=0.552). Conclusions: 10 weeks of resistance training with weights significantly increases neuromuscular adaptations, NCV, muscle power, agility, and implementation of half-back and half-varus skills in gymnast children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the special importance of customers in emerging organizations, this paper presents a customer loyalty model based on 8 factors influencing: customer loyalty including: trust, quality of service, transfer cost, reputation, commitment, perceived value, and satisfaction in 8 emerging private banks in Tehran. The data collection tool of this quantitative and survey strategy study was a questionnaire distributed among the statistical population of 340 members who were selected by random sampling. Statistical analysis was performed by the regression method and then the ANN model. The results of the regression model showed that the highest influence was for loyalty, trust, quality of service, and empathy on customer perceived value factors. And the most effect on customer satisfaction was for trust, quality of service, empathy, and commitment modes. Customer perceived value and satisfaction were directly related to customer loyalty. The results obtained from the artificial neural network model indicate that it has fewer errors than the regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Domestic violence occurs in different ways in families. Parent abuse is a type of psychological, physical, or financial violence practiced by children against their parents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parent abuse in high school boy students during the coronavirus pandemic. Material & Methods: The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population was all mothers of high school boy students in Khuzestan, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 676 were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, the Parent Abuse Scale (boy version) and demographic inventory were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and t-test using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of physical abuse is 6.2%, emotional abuse 5%, financial abuse 11.4% and parental abuse in Corona epidemics is 4.1%. In addition, the findings of this study compared to the studies before the Corona outbreak showed that the prevalence of parental abuse of high school boy students in Khuzestan province was lower in the context of the coronavirus epidemic. Discussion & Conclusion: Despite the fact that the number of parental abusesin Iranian society is significant, the rate of parental abuse in high school boy students during the Coronavirus in Khuzestan showed no increase. It is suggested to investigate strategies that have created and maintained positive interactions in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary control disorder is one of the most common disorders in children, which has important psychological consequences such as reducing selfconfidence, anxiety, etc. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating aggression in children with daily urinary disorders. Material & Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged 5 to 12 years in two groups (50 girls and 50 boys) and control (50 girls and 50 boys) who referred to the pediatric clinic of Amirkabir Arak Hospital in 1401 and with random sampling. Easy randomization and using Shahim's aggression questionnaire, the level of aggression was measured in two groups of cases and controls, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Results: In this study, 200 children, including 100 in the case group and 100 in the control group, with an average age of 7.17 years (±2.17) participated. No significant relationship was found between the two groups in terms of parents' education, place of residence, socio-economic status, number of children in the family, and history of mental illnesses in the parents. (P>0.05). The mean total score of aggression in the case group (±8.18) was 34.41 and in the control group (±5.17) it was 27.80. The total score of aggression and the mean score of reactive-overactive aggression and Physical aggression and relational aggression were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: In this study, children with daily urinary disorders were more aggressive than non-diseased children. Therefore, screening children with urinary disorders and, if necessary, psychiatric interventions such as teaching anger management methods are very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mothers are more responsible for raising their children, and they are usually the main caregivers of disabled children. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on social avoidance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Material & Methods: This study with a quasi-experimental research design had a pretest, post-test, and a control group. The research sample consisted of 40 mothers referred to Occupational Therapy Centers in Ilam, Iran, in 2021. Then, they were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy based on the protocol provided by Kanter, Bush, and Rush during eight 90-minute sessions in one group session per week[S1]. Information was collected using a social phobia questionnaire (SPI) by Connor et al. (2000) in two stages of pre- and post-interventions. Covariance analysis and SPSS software (version 27) were used for data analysis. Results:Based on the obtained results, at the end of the treatment, the social avoidance scores of the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The study showed that behavioral activation therapy has a favorable effect on reducing the severity of symptoms of social avoidance disorder in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, this treatment is suggested as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments to improve psychological symptoms in these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It seems that education focusing on the perceived threat is effective in informing people about water scarcity. Therefore, due to the position of educated people as role models in society, the present study aimed to assess the effect of education based on the perceived threat on water conservation behavior of students of Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences. Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 62 operating room students of Behbahan Faculty of Medical Science in the academic year of 2017- 2018, selected via multistage random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, perceived threats, and water conservation behavior which was completed by students before the intervention. Thereafter, written and visual messages based on the perceived threat were prepared and presented in PowerPoint format with the cooperation of professors for four sessions in the last minutes of the classroom, and an opportunity was given for group discussion and exchange of opinions. In addition, message posters were installed in appropriate places, such as restrooms, and were sent to students using the SMS system. Two months later, the questionnaires were completed again. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 15) using the Paired t-test, Covariance analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient. A p-value less than 0<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.61±1.32 years. There were 32 (51.6%) female and 30 (48.4%) male students. Before the training, the mean water conservation behaviors, susceptibility, and severity scores were 47.98±16.36, 61.74±21.23, and 59.03±21.09, respectively. After training, the aforementioned mean scores increased significantly to 77.55±14.59, 86±0.54, and 83.38±8.53, and there was a significant relationship between the variables (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The education caused an increase in students' perceived threat to the water shortage crisis and promoted water conservation behavior. It is suggested that similar studies be carried out in other groups to check the generalizability of the results at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Feeling alone and enduring distress are risk factors for suicidal thoughts, while parental bonds are protective factors. However, the complex mechanisms behind these factors have not been identified among people with a history of suicide attempts. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict suicide attempts through distress tolerance, feeling alone, and parental bonds in people with a history of suicide attempts. Material & Methods: The current research is a descriptive-correlational study, and the statistical population included all people with a history of suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 120 people were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools included parental bond questionnaires by Parker et al. (1979), distress tolerance by Simmons and Gaher (2005), feelings of loneliness by Russell et al. (1980), and attempted suicide was made by the researcher. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive methods, including Mean and Standard deviation and inferential statistics (e.g., Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis) using the SPSS software (version 27) and PLS3 statistical software. Results: The results showed that among the predictor variables, feeling alone had the highest predictive power (64.7%), and in the second step, with the addition of parental bond with the mother, it increased to 0.701%, and in the third step, with the addition of Parenting bond with father reached 0.729%, and in fourth step with the addition of distress tolerance, it reached 0.743%, all of which are statistically significant. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, we can point out the influential role of feeling alone in predicting suicide attempts, and the need for families and policy-makers to pay attention to this prominent factor can play a major role in reducing suicide rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is important because it can cause stigma and psychological, family, and social problems in affected people. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of schema therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive-emotion regulation in people with HIV. Methods This is an interventional study with a pretest-posttest design. Thirty people with HIV were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Garnefski et al.’s cognitive-emotion regulation questionnaire - short form (CERQ-SF) was used to collect data. The intervention group received 10 two-hour sessions of group treatment based on Young’s schema therapy model. The data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results ANCOVA showed that group schema therapy affected the use of adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophizing), (P<0.001). However, it had no significant effect on other-blame (P=0.033) and rumination (P=0.102). Conclusion Schema therapy can increase the use of adaptive strategies and reduce the use of maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophizing) of cognitive-emotion regulation in people with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background One of the applications of honey is in wound healing. A stapler normally connects the skin graft to the underlying bed. Due to its high cost and lack of production in Iran, and causing physical damage to the tissue, an alternative method is needed. Objective This study aims to compare the effects of using medical honey and staplers for skin graft fixation in patients with burn wounds in the north of Iran. Methods In this clinical trial, 80 patients with deep second-degree and third-degree burns less than 40% of total body surface area were included and were randomly divided into two groups of honey (n=40) and stapler (n=40). Demographic information and the percentage of burns were extracted from patients’ medical files. The graft rejection, number of hospitalization days, grafted skin displacement, graft contracture, pain severity, existence of edema or hematoma, itching severity, and infection after grafting were investigated and recorded. Results Of 80 patients, 34 were male (42.5%) and 46 were female (57.5%). The mean age of the patients was 39.29±15.42 years. A significant difference was observed in the mean number of hospitalization days after grafting (P<0.001), incidence of infection, hematoma, edema, and severity of pain and itching (P<0.001), which were lower in the honey group. The graft contracture rate was lower in the stapler group (P<0.001). Graft rejection was not observed in any groups. Conclusion The use of medical honey for skin graft fixation reduces the duration of hospitalization and adverse effects such as pain, itching, edema, hematoma, and infection compared to staplers. This method is as efficient as the routine treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The improvement of every administration and health system has always received assiduous attention. One of the processes that every system should pay attention to is empowerment. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the empowerment components of employees working in the Ilam Welfare Organization. Material & Methods: This applied research was conducted based on a qualitative approach and ground theory method in 2022-2023. The statistical population included professors and experts in the field of employee empowerment. Sampling was performed using the available and snowball method, and theoretical saturation was achieved with 15 cases. The interviewees of the research were 15 professors and experts in the field of employee empowerment who had the most experience in the research topic, and the data analysis was performed manually. Results:Based on the findings, 12 components and 24 subcomponents were identified in the field of empowerment of welfare organization employees, including individual skills, group skills and management (causal conditions), ethics, communication (contextual conditions), knowledge and improvement of the work environment (intervening conditions), managerial ability., moral ability, communication ability (strategies), promotion of service to employees, and the use of employees' potential capacities (consequences). Conclusion: Paying attention to skills and management at the individual and group level creates the possibility of employee empowerment in the welfare system. Necessary attention to knowledge and environment on the one hand and management and communication guidelines on the other hand provide the necessary platform and conditions for the growth of employees. The welfare organization will benefit from the effective result of empowerment when it uses its employees and their potential capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Energy homeostasis as a metabolic control pathway can be investigated from different dimensions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as insulin resistance indices, in obese men with type 2 diabetes. Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese men with type 2 diabetes in khoy in 2022 were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: control, aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise. Aerobic and resistance training (three sessions per week) was performed for eight weeks. In the pre-test and posttest stages, the levels of serum adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as the indices of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using Shapiro-Wilk, t-test correlated, and one-way analysis of variance test to investigate intra-group and inter-group effects, respectively. Results: Aerobic and resistance training causes significant changes in fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05). Moreover, in the between-group comparison, aerobic exercise causes significant changes in mean blood pressure, insulin, Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), adropin, and spexin levels in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05). Conclusion: Participation in an aerobic exercise program with moderate intensity exerts more marked effects on adropin and spexin indices compared to resistance exercise. It is recommended to consider aerobic training programs in diabetic people as an effective factor in therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the facts surrounding a person are interpreted as abnormal. The treatment aims to reduce symptoms and the possibility of disease recurrence. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spironolactone on schizophrenia symptoms. Method: In this double-blind analytical and clinical study, 44 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study was carried out in Quds Hospital and centers for psychiatric patients in Sanandaj city in 2019 and 2020. The number of patients decreased to 32 due to drug side effects and unwillingness to continue treatment. The instrument used was the scale test of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Datum were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-tests by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that out of 44 patients studied, 37 (84.1%) were men and 7 (15.9%) were women. The imbalance was due to the small sample size. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex distribution, literacy level, marital status, employment history, and background medication use (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of reducing negative symptoms (P=0.666), positive symptoms (P=0.748) and general symptoms (P=0.342). Conclusion: According to the finding, spironolactone has no significant effect on reducing negative, positive, and general symptoms. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies using this drug (by removing the limitations of this study) and other drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Impaired emotion regulation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) significantly affects their interactions. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a rehabilitation program based on vibroacoustic and virtual reality techniques and evaluate its effectiveness on the emotional profile of children with ASD. Method: The research employed a single-subject ABA design. The population included all children with ASD attending the Zehn ara Rehabilitation Clinic in Tehran in the second half of 2021, from which 5 participants were purposively selected. Initially, the combined program was implemented for 10 sessions of 30 minutes each on two randomly chosen participants from the sample, and after validating the program, three additional participants were included in the study. The Sensory Profile 2 questionnaire (2014) was used in this research. During the baseline phase, at the end of each intervention session, and during a one-month follow-up period, the questionnaires were completed. Data analysis involved visual analysis, percentage of improvement, and percentage of overlapping and non-overlapping data. Results: The results indicated that based on the obtained effect sizes, the intervention had a significant impact on emotional regulation in participants 1 to 5, with 90%, 80%, 80%, 100%, and 90% certainty, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of improvement resulting from the interventions for participants 1 to 5 was 20.08%, 28.75%, 28.24%, 27.24%, and 21.02%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the combined rehabilitation program was effective in improving the emotional profile of children with autism. Therefore; this approach can be recommended as an appropriate intervention for individuals with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Drug abuse is one of the most important health, social and economic problems in many countries, and the world has faced shocking statistics of its prevalence in society in the last three decades. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the psychological well-being of drug abusers. Method: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all drug abusers in addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah during the years 2017 to 2019. From these people, 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). The research tools included Rif Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989) and 8-session life skills training intervention by Khalilan and Aflakifar (2016). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 software and multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The findings showed that life skills training had a significant effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). Based on the results for the six dimensions of mental well-being, i.e. independence, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purposefulness in life and self-acceptance, respectively 0.24, 0.30, 0.31, 0.49, 0.67 and 0.39 in the average difference of the groups was due to the effect of the intervention. Conclusion: Life skills training increases self-control and decreases positive attitude towards drug use in people. By learning life skills training, environmental mastery, independence and other psychological well-being structures can be promoted in people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Any defect and abnormal growth in brain cells in an uncontrolled manner leads to the creation of a tumor and disruption of its normal functional capabilities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise along with nano curcumin supplementation in behavioral-motor disorders in rats with brain tumors. Material & Methods: A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of 5: basic healthy control, four weeks healthy, basic cancer control, four weeks cancer, cancer-nano curcumin, cancer-exercise, and cancer-exercise-nano curcumin groups. One week after the injection of cancer cells in the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main training program on the treadmill (4 weeks, with a speed of 18 meters per minute, 25-40 minutes, three days a week). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using the statistical test of one-way analysis of variance. Findings:The results pointed out that behavioral-motor disorders in the training group, nano curcumin, and the training group-nano curcumin were significantly less than in the 4-week cancer control group (P=0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise, along with a suitable dose of nano curcumin as a therapeutic supplement along with other methods, can reduce behavioral-motor disorders in cancerous rats, possibly by increasing brain blood flow, neurogenesis, and nerve synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs is to correct or eliminate risk factors and ultimately reduce injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular exercises on knee and ankle joint proprioception in male soccer player students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 24 male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury at Khorazmi University of Tehran in 2018 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Two days before the commencement of neuromuscular training, knee and ankle proprioception assessment was performed on all subjects. The members of the experimental group participated in the neuromuscular training program for six weeks (3 sessions per week). Two days after finishing the training, all subjects were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using Shapiro-Wilk, covariance, and paired t-tests. Findings: In this study, among 24 students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury, 12 cases performed neuromuscular training for six weeks. The results demonstrated that knee proprioception (P=0.013) and ankle proprioception (in inversion movement p=0.032, in eversion movement P=0.047) in the experimental group improved significantly after six weeks of neuromuscular training compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the use of neuromuscular training can be recommended to improve the proprioception of the knee and ankle joints and ultimately prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the major problems presented to the mental health of substance users is the presence of suicidal thoughts and beliefs. Paying attention to metacognitive beliefs and schemas predict suicidal thoughts can be considered very important in counseling and psychotherapy. The present study aimed to predict suicidal thoughts based on metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas in male substance users in Ilam, Iran. Material & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study investigated the relationship of suicidal thoughts with metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas in male substance abusers in Ilam, in 2021-2022. A total of 170 male substance users were selected via the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire form, the Beck Suicidal Thought Questionnaire (BSSI), the Wells Metacognitive Belief Questionnaire (MCQ30), and the Leahy Emotional Schema Questionnaire (ESS-P). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions. Findings:The results pointed to a significant negative relationship between positive schema and tendency to suicidal thoughts (P=0.001; r=-0.430). Moreover, there was a significant positive relationship between negative schema and a tendency to suicidal thoughts (P=0.001; r=0.621). Furthermore, a tendency to suicidal thoughts showed a significant positive relationship with anxiety (r=0.334), negative belief (r=0.432), low cognition (r=0.376), negative metacognition(r=0.329), and low selfawareness (r=0.334) (P=0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas can be useful predictors of suicidal thoughts in substance users. Paying attention to these factors can be effective in reducing and preventing suicidal thoughts and creating a model for improving the educational system and preventing suicide in male substance users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Technology-based interventions, such as electrical brain stimulation may be effective in the cognitive and personality processes of substance abusers, including nicotine dependents. Objective We conducted this study to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) using alpha frequency on inhibitory control and impulsivity in nicotine-dependent individuals. Methods We used a pre-test/post-test/follow-up quasi-experimental design with control and sham groups. We selected 30 eligible nicotine addicts from Mashhad using the available sampling method and randomly divided the subjects into three groups. We applied the intervention in eight sessions for 20 minutes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the first group, fake interventions for the second group, and no intervention for the third group. The Fagerström questionnaire, Barrett impulsivity questionnaire, and go-no-go task were used to collect data. After eight sessions, people’s inhibitory control and impulsivity were evaluated and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Also, after two months, we evaluated inhibitory control data with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results The effectiveness of alpha-tACS intervention on short- and long-term inhibitory control was significantly different in the experimental group compared to other groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between these three groups in impulsivity (P=0.700). Conclusion Alpha-tACS intervention effectively increases inhibitory control in nicotine-dependent individuals but does not explicitly affect their impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Treatment measures for ankle sprains include care recommendations, symptomatic therapy, joint immobilization using bandages and plasters, and reconstructive surgery. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the therapeutic effect of bandages and plastering in the treatment of ankle sprain. Methods This study was a randomized clinical trial that was conducted on 78 patients who were referred to the Poursina Hospital emergency room with ankle sprains. Patients who needed treatment after being diagnosed with ankle sprain were included in the study. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups A (plaster) and B (bandage) by a simple random method, and 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the start of the treatment, they were examined for the level of pain. Results The results showed that the amount of pain based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) after three and six weeks in the bandage group was lower than in the plaster group and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Ankle-hindfoot scale (AHS) after 3, 6, and 12 weeks had the same average in the two studied groups. The duration of activity restriction in the plaster group was significantly lower than in the bandage group. The treatment results were evaluated in terms of complete recovery, time to return to work and activity, and pain level. Conclusion Plastering treatment reduces the days of activity limitation and patients return to work and daily activities faster. However, plastering has limitations, such as more cost and limiting the movements of the limbs. For a logical conclusion, there is a need for more studies considering all aspects of applying bandage and plastering methods in ankle sprain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Corona is caused by a viral infection called acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 which spreads rapidly, causing irreparable damage and death. In order to predict and develop treatment algorithms, the study of biomarkers is important in determining the severity of the disease. Therefore, we investigated the correlation of Interleukin 6 IL-6, Lactate dehydrogenase LDH, C reactive protein CRP and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods In this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, the information of 365 coronavirus hospitalized patients randomly selected in Sina Hamadan hospital during 2019 was entered into SPSS 26. The severity of the disease was also measured according to the defined reference and clinical symptoms and classified into two levels. The data were analyzed with gamma correlation instability test, Somers' D at significance level of p value <0.05. Results It was found that IL-6 with a correlation coefficient of 0.506, LDH with a correlation coefficient of 0.291 and CRP with a correlation coefficient of 0.23, all at the level of 0.01 (p value = 0.01), have a positive effect on the severity of Corona disease and the amount of this positive effect is based on Somers' effect coefficient d 0.839, 0.458 and 0.358, respectively. Conclusions Patients with severe COVID-19 have significantly higher serum levels of CRP, LDH and IL-6. Baseline levels of IL-6, CRP, and LDH were closely related to the severity of COVID-19 disease. These laboratory markers can be used as clinical indicators of disease exacerbation and prognosis of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Sexual function is an important part of menopausal women's lives, and changes in it, especially during menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. Among them, 45 were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15, and control group using randomly assigned block allocation method. Therapeutic sessions were held in 8 sessions and each session was held for 2 hours. Data were collected by FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) and were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures analysis via SPSS software, version 24. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ZUMS.REC.1398.328). Results In the post-test and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between both CBT and ACT methods compared to the control group in sexual function respectively (P<0.05, F=17.857), (P<0.05, F=12.115). That is, treatment with CBT and ACT improved the sexual function of postmenopausal women, which had a lasting effect for three months, and there was no significant difference between the groups involved in sexual function (P>0.05, F=0.494). Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy have improved sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it is recommended that these therapies be used to improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women in health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : Social anxiety disorder is characterized by intense anxiety in social situations where the person is likely to be evaluated by others. Aim : The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of contextual schema therapy on emotion regulation and painful physical symptoms in individuals with social anxiety disorder. Method : This study employed an A -B single -subject design. The statistical population included all the people with social anxiety disorder in Mashhad city, in 2021, and 12 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Then, the contextual schema therapy was conducted during 16 sessions of 1 hour once a week for 12 subjects. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) and the Visual Analog Scale (1921) were used in this study. The Subjects answered the questionnaires in the baseline phase, at sessions 4, 8, 12 and 16, and at 3 -month follow -up. The data were analyzed using visual analysis, improvement percentage, reliable change index, and non -overlapping effect size. Results : The improvement percentage (25%<), the reliable change index (1.96<) and the non - overlapping data (75<) indicated the significant effect of the treatment in increasing the reappraisal subscale of all subjects (except subject 12), reducing the expressive suppression subscale of all subjects and reducing painful physical symptoms of all subjects (except subject 7). The improvement percentage at the follow -up showed that the intervention was effective in increasing the reappraisal, reducing expressive suppression and painful physical symptoms. Conclusion : Based on the findings, contextual schema therapy was effective in improving emotion regulation and reducing painful physical symptoms by modifying the modes and the third wave methods. Therefore, contextual schema therapy can be suggested as a suitable intervention for social anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Healthcare workers, who work at the frontline of providing health services, are at risk of occupational stress due to several conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of virtual training based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory on occupational stress of healthcare workers in Bushehr, Iran. Material & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 63 healthcare workers in Bushehr city in 10 comprehensive healthcare centers randomly selected as intervention and control centers (n=5 each). The intervention group received four sessions of virtual training based on self-efficacy theory in the form of a webinar, while the control group received no training. The information of the studied subjects was collected using a questionnaire consisting of four sections, namely demographic information assessment, self-efficacy assessment, and occupational stress assessment before, two weeks, and one month after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Findings: In general, knowledge and self-efficacy increased in the intervention group after training, and changes in knowledge and self-efficacy were significantly different between the two groups during the study period (P<0.001). In the intervention group, occupational stress improved two weeks and one month after training, compared to the pre-training period, whereas in the control group, although the changes were significant, these changes manifested as an increase in stress intensity. There was a significant difference in occupational stress changes between the two groups during the study period (P<0.001), and the condition improved in the intervention group. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that virtual stress management education based on self-efficacy theory could increase knowledge levels and self-efficacy and improve occupational stress in healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type II diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, the prevalence of which is increasing in Iran. The relationship between metabolic control and preventive behaviors is established. Attitude is an important determinant in preventive behaviors. This study investigated the attitudes of patients with type II diabetes towards preventive behaviors for disease complications. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed among 200 patients with type II diabetes referring to diabetes center in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The participants were chosen through convenience sampling. The data was collected through a questionnaire on attitudes towards preventive behaviors for type II diabetes complications. The validity and reliability of this scale were established in a paper by Jahanfar et al. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient was run in SPSS version 19. Results: In total, 129 patients were female and 71 were male, and the majority of the patients had a positive attitude towards preventive behaviors. Level of education (P=0.04), as well as consumption of fruits and vegetables (P=0.00) were significantly correlated with attitudes towards preventive behaviors. However, no significant relationship was found between duration of disease and attitude (P=0.341). Conclusions: The mentioned relationships emphasize the importance of implementing training programs, providing facilities, and adopting appropriate policies to improve preventive behaviors for diabetes complications in both patients and general population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Old age is a critical period in life. Due to advances in technologies and improvement in healthy conditions, the number of aged population is increasing. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychological empowerment program on life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials The study population consists of all women aged 60-70 years referred to a charity foundation in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 24 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Using a pre-test/post-test design, the elderly first completed the life satisfaction index-Z and the attitude towards aging questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received the psychological empowerment program at 8 sessions. After the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data in SPSS software, version 19. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027). Results There was a significant difference in life satisfaction (F=9.673, P=0.006) and attitudes towards aging (F=8.385, P=0.009) between the two groups. The psychological empowerment program significantly improved life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging in older women. Conclusion The psychological empowerment program is effective in improving life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran. It can be used by experts in the fields of counseling, geriatrics, psychology, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Sciatica is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system and may be caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve. Due to the fact that piriformis muscle located near the sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle spasm may put pressure on the nerve and cause sciatica and consequently piriformis syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on pain and inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome. Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. The study population consists of all patients with piriformis syndrome referred to medical centers in Arak, Iran from. Of these, 20 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (n=10) and exercise (n=10). The exercise group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks, while the control group continued their normal life during this period. To examine the differences between the study groups, t-test, Chi-Square test, and McNemar’s test were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.157) and was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT20211003052662N1). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results The Mean pain score in the control group decreased from 95.2 to 90.7 after the exercise, which was not statistically significant (P=0.562). In the exercise group, the mean pain score decreased from 91.7 to 33.4, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.0); Therefore, at 95% confidence interval, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the pain of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0.05). The number of patients with inflamed nerve in the control group decreased from 10 in the pre-test phase to 8 in the post-test phase, but this decrease was not statistically significant (P=0.5). In the exercise group, it was reduced from 10 to 2, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.008); Therefore, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability exercises can reduce pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome. These exercises can be used in the treatment of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Various drugs are used as adjuvants to improve the quality of supraclavicular block method. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to lidocaine in the supraclavicular block method in patients candidate for upper extremity surgery. Methods This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 patients candidate for upper extremity fracture surgery receiving the supraclavicular block method from 2017 to 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups of lidocaine-normal saline (30 mL of 1.5% lidocaine plus normal saline) and lidocaine-dexmedetomidine (30 mL of 1.5% lidocaine plus 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine). The supraclavicular block characteristics and intraoperative hemodynamic changes were measured. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the demographic factors. The mean age of patients was 43.09±10.92 years, and most of them were male. The mean onset time of sensory-motor blockade was faster and the duration of sensory-motor blockade and analgesia were longer in the lidocaine-dexmedetomidine group than in the other group. These differences were statistically significant. There was significant differences in hemodynamic parameters among nine assessment times in each group and between the two groups. Conclusion Adding dexmedetomidine to lidocaine in the supraclavicular block method accelerates the blockade onset and increases the duration of blockade and analgesia after surgery without causing any considerable side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Considering that no study on the efficacy of dexmedetomidine during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been performed in Iran so far, we decided to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing ERCP. Materials and Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was performed (2020) among 80 patients undergoing ERCP grade ASA I, and II who had no asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and no history of allergies to propofol and dexmedetomidine. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (fentanyl and propofol) and (fentanyl and dexmedetomidine). Their heart rate per minute, mean arterial pressure, respiration rate per minute, and blood oxygen saturation at intervals of 5 and 15 minutes after the start and end of the procedure, the level of patient cooperation, and endoscopies satisfaction were compared. Results: Mean age of the propofol group was 63/13±17/88 and the dexmedetomidine group was 16/99±58/55 (P=0.191). Mean heart rate and respiration rate per minute were not different significantly in any of the time intervals. Mean arterial pressure in the propofol group before, 5, and 15 minutes after the start and end of ERCP were higher than dexmedetomidine group (105/95±15/91, 123/75±25/54, 118/10±13/06 and 14/61±117/50, respectively). The percentage of oxygen saturation at 5 minutes and at the end of the procedure was higher in the propofol group (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively) Conclusion: Due to fewer side effects and more satisfaction of patients receiving propofol; this drug is preferred for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to design an organizational structure model based on comprehensive quality and emotional intelligence components in the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire. The components were determined by library study in the form of the initial proposed model and validation by experts in management and healthcare. The research tools included the measurement of consumers' expectations and understanding, Al Omran hospital service quality indicators, and Salovey and Mir's emotional intelligence feelings. Two hundred seventy-three questionnaires were sent online to the samples with random stratified sampling. Exploratory and confirmatory factors were analyzed to check validity and reliability Results: Eight components of quality structure dimensions positively affected eight quality service components, and eight components of quality structure dimensions had the greatest impact on "moral obligation,". It had the least impact on "space beauty" among the eight quality service components. All three components of emotional intelligence positively affected eight components of quality structure dimensions and eight components of quality services. However, emotional intelligence had the greatest effect on "determining strategic goals," and the least effect on the "size" of the quality component. Furthermore, the quality service dimension component had the greatest effect on "moral obligation" and the least on "environmental beauty". Conclusion: Considering the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between structure and quality-oriented services, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors affecting the hospitals' organizational structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterized by distressing somatic symptoms which are accompanied by disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, has wide gender differences in prevalence, which has been less investigated in researches. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the physical (criteria A) and psychological symptom of SSD (criteria B) consist of cognitive, affective and behavioral in female and male patients. Method: This study was a descriptive and causal-comparative research. The participants included 60 Iranian women and 30 men with SSD in the age range of 18-60 years old who participated in the study based on the diagnosis of a psychiatrist by Convenience sampling method in 2021-2022. Data was collected by The Somatic Symptom Disorder-B (2017) Criteria Scale and The Somatic Symptom Scale8 (2014). For data analysis, MANOVA were applied by using SPSS-22. Results: The findings revealed that women with SSD generally showed more psychological symptoms compared to men and in the psychological subscales, affective (P=0.00) and behavioral (P=0.00) was more evident in them, however there was no significant difference between men and women in cognition of psychological subscales (P=0.18) and intensity of physical pain (P=0.13). Conclusion: According of the study, one of the factors of the difference in SSD prevalence can be from less expressing, not less suffering from the disorder in men. Studying the main causes of differences in the affective and behavior of psychological subscales such as cultural origin, can be effective in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]