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Background and Objective: Early diagnosis of internal root resorption is a challenge in endodontics. Image-processing filters are applied to facilitate image interpretation for diagnostic or treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of contrast alterations in detecting internal root resorption in CBCT images. Materials and Methods: Fifty single root teeth with were splited mesiodistally in this in vitro case-control study. Artificial internal resorption lesions were created in cervical, middle or apical areas. CBCT images were taken before and after cavity preparation. CBCT images was evaluated by two radiologists in low, intermediate and high contrasts. The data were analyzed using Kappa and MacNemar tests on SPSS software. Overall accuracy was evaluated with sub curve analysis of ROC. Results: Low contrast images had the highest sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy (all 100% for first observer and 92, 100, 96% for second observer, respectively). In apical area in low, intermediate and high contrasts, sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 100%. There was a significant difference with reality in high contrast-cervical resorption group (P=0.016). Conclusion: The low contrast may be an acceptable processing filter in detection of internal root resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]