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Background & Aims: Environmental air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems and the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) has identified it as the fifth most dangerous human and environmental health hazard in the world. So, they are facing the problem of air pollution on a local, regional and global scale. Toxicity associated with air pollutants can cause a variety of health effects on humans such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and even death (1,2). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 800,000 people worldwide die prematurely each year from these diseases caused by air pollution (3). Suspended particles (Including PM2.5) are major air pollutants in terms of public health hazards. PM2.5 particulate matter penetrates deeper into the lungs and causing some of the more dangerous health effects compared to PM10 (2). Ahvaz city with an approximate population of more than 1 million people, an area of 220 square kilometers, and the capital of Khuzestan province is one of the cities in the southwest of Iran. In recent years, due to industrialization, the amount of environmental pollution, including air pollution, has been increasing in this metropolis. This study aimed to estimate the health effects of PM2.5 pollutants on years of lost life (YLL) and expected life remaining (ELR) indicators in the air of Ahvaz city from 2008 to 2017 using AirQ+ software. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a statistical population of 10 years for residents of Ahvaz. In this study, the long-term health effects of PM2.5 pollutants on YLL and ELR indicators in the air of Ahvaz city during the period years (2008-2017) were estimated using AirQ+ software. PM2.5 pollutant data were collected from environmental and meteorological organizations in Ahvaz city and the health effects of PM2.5 were estimated. In the next step, this data was processed by Excel software and the data processed by Excel was given to AirQ+ software. Data processing was performed using overlapping Excel sheets in the Excel environment and R and Minitab software. Also, the validation of PM2.5 data for ambient air quality in Ahvaz city was performed based on the methodology of WHO and Aphekom (16,17). PM2.5 averaging data and ELR and YLL data for the entire population in the age range of 0-64 and over 64 years were processed and entered into AirQ+ software. Also, the significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant concentration and ELR was investigated with the Pearson correlation test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The average annual variation of PM2.5 concentration was very variable the highest concentration was 70.72 micrograms per cubic meter in 2010 and the lowest was 41.97 micrograms per cubic meter in 2014. In all measurement years, the concentration of PM2.5 was higher than the WHO standard with a range of variations between 4.2 and 7.7 times. The highest number of YLL for ten years in the age group of 0-64 years, was 412.77 years in 2010, and the lowest number of YLL for the age group of 0-64 years, was 135.79 years related to 2014. Also, the maximum and minimum YLL for ten years for the age group over 64 years was 1135.96 years for 2010, and 262.88 years for 2014, respectively. For ELR, the highest value for the total population of Ahvaz city during ten years, at all ages for 2014 was equal to 72.56 years and the lowest in 2010 was equal to 62.17 years. Conclusion: In all years of measuring PM2.5 (2008-2017), the amount of this pollutant in the air of Ahvaz city has been more than the WHO standard, and its range of changes between 4.2 to 7.7 times more than the standard (10 Micrograms per cubic meter). Therefore, Ahvaz is considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. The polluting factors of this city include the geographical and topographical location, the phenomenon of dust, increased transportation, being close to the Arabian desert and the large deserts of the neighboring countries, and the increase of important production industries such as oil and steel (21,22). The maximum and minimum YLL for all ages in Ahvaz city were 1548.73 years in 2010 and 398.67 years in 2014, respectively, which are linearly related to PM2.5 pollutant concentrations. The highest and lowest PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in 2010 and 2014 in Ahvaz city. From the results of this study, it was estimated that in all the studied years, people over 64 years old had higher of YLL than people aged 0-64 years. The ELR index can be useful in evaluating all the plans made in the field of health and well-being of the population. Prolonged exposure to relatively low concentrations of ambient air pollution results in a significant reduction in the ELR index (30). A comparison of the results with the Iranian standard and EPA showed that in all years the ELR from 2008 to 2017 was lower than the standard. The highest ELR index was 72.56 years (2014) and the lowest was 62.17 years (2010). The values of this index had a significant relationship with the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants. The ELR index decreased and increased with increasing and decreasing the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants, respectively. By examining the significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant concentration and ELR in Ahvaz city through Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of 5%, the correlation coefficient showed a value of -0.97, indicating a negative correlation between these two parameters. It seems that in the west of the country, the number of days off due to dust has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, the use of AirQ+ software not only for Ahvaz but also for other cities in the west of the country can be a powerful tool for estimating the lost years of life and reducing life expectancy attributed to PM2.5 pollution. Therefore, estimating the long-term health effects of YLL and ELR exposure to various air pollutants, including PM2.5, can be very useful to evaluate plans for health, population well-being, and the development of general environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Urinary incontinence is defined as a complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine. This new definition includes a significant range of women who have rarely experienced accidental leakage events. As a result, some studies have estimated the prevalence of urinary incontinence at 60%. Stress urinary incontinence is the most common type of urinary incontinence and is a term used to describe involuntary urination during physical activity such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects, etc., when the pressure inside the bladder exceeds the pressure. The urethral closure arrives, it is used. Numerous factors, such as sphincter dysfunction, pelvic floor muscles, connective tissues, or nerve structures, may cause or develop urinary stress incontinence. Approximately 4% to 35% of adult women worldwide suffer from stress urinary incontinence. Limited studies have been conducted on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Iran. In the study of Rashidi., The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in Iranian women was 46%. In the study of Bakui., Which studied the prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence in women referring to health centers in Babul, the frequency of postpartum urinary incontinence was reported to be 19.4%. Urinary incontinence is a distressing condition emotionally, physically, socially, and economically. It has been shown to be associated with embarrassment, anxiety and depression and has a significant negative impact on quality of life. Despite the widespread impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life, only a small number of women seek treatment and most of them live in silence, so the disease is never diagnosed or treated. Because most women do not seek treatment in the early stages of urinary incontinence (for example, mild to moderate urinary incontinence), they eventually present with advanced symptoms (severe urinary incontinence), at which time there is an opportunity to prevent or help regress the disease. It is demolished. Given this situation, the need for appropriate prevention and treatment to reduce the negative impact of stress urinary incontinence on women's lives is clear, and most research on current therapies for the management of stress urinary incontinence seeks to improve patients' quality of life. Non-surgical interventions are recommended by the International Association of Incontinence as the first line of treatment for uncomplicated urinary incontinence in women. Pelvic floor muscle training is the basis of non-surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence. This treatment is based on the hypothesis that training to identify and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles by increasing the support of the urethra and bladder and improving the function of the urethral sphincter muscle neutralizes the weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The easiest way for women to train their pelvic floor muscles is to insert cone-shaped weights into the vagina and then contract the pelvic floor muscles to prevent the weight from falling out. On the other hand, the timing of pelvic floor muscle contraction, which is transmitted from the brain to the muscle by the nervous system, is an important factor in controlling urination. In other words, when there is a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure during sneezing, coughing, etc., the pelvic floor muscles must unconsciously and reflexively activate their rapid contraction fibers to prevent involuntary leakage of urine by neutralizing the increase in pressure, but In people with stress urinary incontinence, the coordination and timing of pelvic floor muscle function is impaired during increased intra-abdominal pressure, and the reflex and subconscious function of the pelvic floor muscles is impaired in response to a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which means that Although having strong muscles in the pelvis is necessary for proper contraction, a timely contraction is also necessary to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. In other words, a strong muscle that is not activated in time during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure cannot prevent urinary incontinence. Since the negative effect of urinary incontinence on daily activities and quality of life of women is very significant and women with more severe urinary incontinence and weaker pelvic floor muscles have lower quality of life, it is necessary to take measures to increase the contractile strength of pelvic floor muscles and promote health. Think of the urinary tract. Also, according to research, the result of cone therapy is recognizing and strengthening the pelvic floor muscles and does not play a role in the simultaneous action of rapid fibers of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles when increasing intra-abdominal pressure, if, as mentioned, the timing of urethral closure Timely contraction of the pelvic floor muscles is an important factor in controlling urination and should be considered. Therefore, it seems that in addition to strengthening the pelvic floor muscles with the vaginal cone, there is a need to train movement control strategies (control motor) to change the timing of pelvic floor muscle contraction and start their activity while increasing intra-abdominal pressure to the Knack maneuver (speed and coordination). It is said to be necessary to prevent involuntary leakage of urine. Miller et al. In their study justified the effect of the Knack maneuver as an immediate method and early response to pelvic floor exercise regimens that are widely used in women with stress urinary incontinence. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of vaginal cone with the Knack maneuver on the severity of incontinence and quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence compared to the vaginal cone. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial that was performed in the pelvic floor dysfunction clinic of the Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iran, during the years 2021-2022, 76 patients with stress urinary incontinence were present who were randomly assigned to two groups of vaginal cones and were randomly divided into two groups: vaginal cone with the Knack maneuver and vaginal cone. Participants in both groups were finally accepted after an initial evaluation session. The initial evaluation included educating patients in plain language about the anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles, their proper contraction, and the benefits of therapeutic cones for the women participating in the study. Complete urine test (analysis and culture) to rule out participants' urinary tract infections, specific examinations of women in standard lithotomy with an empty bladder, and no vaginal bleeding. Pelvic visceral prolapse was also considered and the degree of each type was determined based on the POP-Q system, which is a standard approved by the International Continent Control Society and recorded in a special sheet. Grade 3 and 4 prolapses removed the sample from the study. Therapeutic interventions were performed for 12 weeks for both groups. The cone treatment protocol was common for both groups, and the intervention group received Knack exercises in addition to the cone treatment protocol. All patients before and after the intervention were evaluated for the severity of urinary stress incontinence due to increased intraabdominal pressure and the number of involuntary leakage of urine with Urinary Diary, pelvic floor muscle contraction with Dynamometer and quality of life with Incontinence quality of life questionnaire. Paired and Wilcoxon t-tests were used for intragroup analysis and Independent Sample t-test and Mann- Whitney tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: There was a significant difference between all values before and after the intervention in each group (P<0.05). Also, comparison between treatment groups showed significant differences in quality of life (P=0.02), pelvic floor muscle contraction strength (P=0.00), urine leakage due to increased intra-abdominal pressure (P=0.01) and the number of leaks (P=0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the treatment of cone protocol with the Knack maneuver can be suggested as a treatment strategy for patients with stress urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Every organization has an identity that is based on organizational culture. Organizations, like individuals, have personality, which is called the culture of that organization. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components of organizational culture in medical universities and present a conceptual model using the Delphi technique. Methods: To conduct the research, semi-structured interviews with 15 experts, including university professors in the field of organizational culture at Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and the Delphi method were used. In this paper, three basic steps of qualitative methods included; Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding and then the validity of the extracted codes was checked by Delphi method. Results: The findings showed that in the case of creating and forming friendly groups in universities of medical sciences in order to improve relations and proper cooperation in terms of presenting ideas, opinions and also solving problems, it creates a favorable organizational culture in universities. Medical science will be.in this section, the survey has been conducted in several stages to reach the consensus of the experts for the components. The components identified in the qualitative phase were presented to 15 experts in the form of a closed questionnaire. Then the average answers were calculated using Excel software. The purpose of the Delphi method is to reach the most reliable group agreement of experts on a specific issue, which is done by using questionnaires and asking experts' opinions, repeatedly, according to their feedback. This process continues until the average numbers become stable enough. In this research, the minimum average value of the answers is 3.5 and the difference of opinion for the Delphi averages is 1 (the lowest number in the response spectrum). If the average response is less than 3.5 or the amount of disagreement is greater than 1, the corresponding component will be removed. In the first stage of Delphi, the identified components were presented to the experts in the form of a 5-option Delphi questionnaire, and the average answers were calculated. At this stage, the average answers given for the components of risk acceptance, the importance of work to satisfy personal needs, personal influence, the effort to participate in the public-private sector, and creating an atmosphere without fear and intimidation were less than 3.5, and therefore this component were removed from the process. Kendall's coefficient of agreement in the first stage was equal to 0.569, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the second stage of Delphi, the Delphi questionnaire was again provided to the experts and the average answers and also the average difference with the previous stage were calculated. At this stage, the average difference in all identified components is less than 1, but the average components of voluntary coordination and voluntary presence of people to carry out assigned tasks, sensitivity to the needs, desires and personal problems of organization members, creating a communication network and alliance with Good people, the independence of employees and team members for how to do work and design a happy and stimulating work environment was less than 3.5. Therefore, these components were also removed from the process and the third round of Delphi was conducted. Kendall's coefficient was 0.590 in the second stage, which shows that the experts' agreement in this stage is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components is below 1, and also the average of all identified components is higher than 3.5. Also, Kendall's coefficient was obtained in the third stage equal to 0.690, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage is almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated according to experts and therefore these indicators were approved. According to the results obtained from the Delphi method, finally 8 main components and 54 secondary components were identified. According to the number of experts, the content validity index of CVR is confirmed. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient in all components is above 0.7, which shows the acceptable reliability of the components questionnaire. Conclusion: The purpose of the current research was to analyze the components of organizational culture in universities of medical sciences using the Delphi technique. Based on the results, 8 main components and 64 sub-components were identified as organizational culture components in medical sciences universities. First, the questionnaire made by the researcher and the answer package was provided to the experts. Then it was done by Delphi method in three rounds until we reached the agreement of the experts for the components. In the first round, 5 sub-components and in the second round, 5 other sub-components were removed from the study process. Kendall's coefficient in the first and second rounds is 0.569 and 0.590, respectively, which shows that the experts' agreement in these two rounds is average. In the third round, the average difference in all components was below 1 and also the average of all identified components was higher than 3.5. Kendall's coefficient was also obtained at 0.690 in the third stage, which shows that the level of agreement of the experts in this stage was almost high. Therefore, all the indicators that entered the third round of Delphi were evaluated and approved by experts. Therefore, in the end, 8 main components and 54 sub-components were identified. According to the results of this study, the components of organizational culture in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences include shared responsibility; team orientation; The main result; desirable communication pattern; adaptability; governance and leadership; The emphasis is on details and ideation and individual creativity. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that in universities of medical sciences, the factors that define the organizational culture of the university are joint responsibility and cooperation among the members of the organization, attention to teamwork, correct communication., friendly and favorable among the members of the organization, accuracy in the results and considering it important, adapting the members of the organization to the conditions and problems created, the presence of a competent and capable manager in the university, emphasizing the details of the problems of the university and trying to provide a solution for it. It is a collective and team form, as well as expression of creativity and ideas by all members of the university. If groups are formed in a friendly manner in universities of medical sciences to create cooperation and proper relationships to solve problems and also to present ideas and opinions, a favorable organizational culture will be implemented in universities of medical sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the universities of medical sciences of the country pay attention to teamwork and cooperation among the members of the organization so that they can use the opinions and ideas of all people. If all employees have a sense of responsibility in the university and adapt themselves to the conditions, it can be said that an organizational culture has been implemented in the university. The requirement for this is to pay attention to the details available in the university as well as the results obtained from the cooperation of the members of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Anxiety is one of the issues that human beings have always been involved with over time (1). One of the characteristics associated with anxiety and quality of life is self-compassion. Compassionate people feel better about themselves and therefore experience more satisfaction in interpersonal relationships. Self-compassion is one of the factors that reduce anxiety (7). Another thing that seems to be related to anxiety due to its special nature is social skills. And is one of the variables that has a significant effect on mental health and can play a major role in mental health and therefore anxiety (12). However, among the disorders that can disrupt social success is anxiety, and the destruction of social relationships is one of the biggest consequences of this disorder, although anxious people are eager to have social relationships (14). One of the methods that affects the cognitive aspects is the reciprocal behavior analysis method, which is an interactive treatment method that emphasizes the cognitive, rational and behavioral aspects of the treatment process and aims to increase people's awareness and power to make new decisions. In doing so, they change the course of their lives. One of the therapies that deals with emotions and its effects on anxiety has been studied is emotion-focused therapy (17). In view of the above, the researcher seeks to answer the question whether there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of group therapy focused on emotion and the analysis of reciprocal behavior in social intimacy, social acceptance and compassion for anxious clients of counseling centers in Isfahan? Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow-up period. To conduct this study, among the anxious clients of Tohid Counseling Centers in Isfahan in the spring and summer of 1399, whose anxiety disorder was identified through clinical interview and SCL- 90 questionnaire, 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. 20 people were divided. Before the beginning of the intervention, all individuals had a sample questionnaire of Nef (2003) selfcompassion questionnaire with 26 questions and 6 components, Miller and Lefkourt (1982) social intimacy questionnaire with 17 questions and two components and Marlowe and Crown (1960) social acceptance test. They completed 33 questions before, after and one month after the interventions. Also, the experimental group received emotion-focused treatment interventions and interaction behavioral analysis therapy interventions received 12 sessions of 120 minutes of treatment, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro and Wilk test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of the two types of interventions on self-compassion. It was also found that both emotion-focused group therapy and interaction behavioral analysis therapy were effective compared to the control group. However, the mean score of selfcompassion in group therapy focused on emotion and interaction behavior analysis is not significantly different. Another finding showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of two types of interventions on social intimacy. It was also found that the mean scores of social intimacy in the emotion-focused treatment group and interaction behavior analysis and the control group were significantly different. Comparison of means shows that emotion-focused therapy and behavioral analysis are effective. But the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy is greater than that of reciprocal behavior analysis. Finally, it was found that there is a difference between the effectiveness of two types of interventions on social acceptance. Also, the mean scores of social acceptance in the emotion-focused treatment group and the interaction behavior analysis group and the control group are significantly different. Conclusion: Explaining the results, it can be said that reciprocal behavior analysis is one of the most effective psychological theories. It causes a more correct orientation in life, which has a positive effect on people's verbal and non-verbal behaviors and brings peace and people experience more pleasure in life. Also, emotion-focused therapy is that emotion is the foundation and determining factor for self-organization at the beginning of its construction (20). On the other hand, it can be said that the teachings of exchange analysis in the field of caress and strategies for providing caress, intimacy, free expression of feelings and self-disclosure in an atmosphere of psychological security and mutual empathy, can reduce the negative confrontation among anxious people. . Finally, approaching bitter mental and emotional experiences is often a difficult and tedious process for clients. The therapist's mission in this area, in addition to creating an effective relationship, is to teach emotion regulation skills. The creators of emotion-based therapy believe that emotion regulation is a process rather than a training program with a specific protocol, and in this respect the therapist's work is more like a work of the waist than a low-knowledge task (20). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Aging indicates physiological and biological changes in humans that are associated with a decrease in physical strength and cause changes in the anatomy and physiology of the body. It has been reported that at a rate of one percent per year, muscle mass decreases from the age of 30 to 60 and increases from the age of 60 onwards. The incidence of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, as well as chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and cancer are increasing, all of which can be affected by a decrease in muscle mass (1). Autophagic activity has been shown to decrease with age and may contribute to the accumulation of damaged macromolecules and organs during aging. Failure in the autophagy process exacerbates age-related diseases such as nerve damage or cancer (5). p62, a classical autophagy receptor, is a multifunctional protein located throughout the cell and involved in many signal transduction pathways, including the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway (7). p62 is an autophagy substrate used to report autophagic activity. Recently, p62 has been shown to deliver ubiquitinated proteins, including tau, to the proteasome for degradation. In addition, it can be a shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to facilitate and control the quality of cytosolic proteins (6). It has been well established that regular exercise improves physical function and brings important health benefits that inhibit many pathological diseases such as cancer as well as cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases (8). Exercise promotes phenotypic adaptation in skeletal muscle, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, fiber deformation, and improved insulin sensitivity (9, 10). Regarding the effect of exercise on changes in autophagy, it has been reported that aerobic and resistance training leads to changes in autophagy indices (11, 12). Atroastetin is a type of statin that has a reducing effect on cholesterol production, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and tissue protective effects in some pathological conditions (15-17). Study of mechanisms affecting the process of autophagy following exercise, including continuous and intermittent exercise with atroastetin supplementation can improve this process (22). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight continuous and interval exercises with atroastetin supplementation on mRNA p62 expression in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study. 63 old male Wistar rats (mean weight 300 to 350 g) categorized into eight groups that included; 1) healthy control group, 2) diabetic control group, 3) diabetic group + continuous exercise, 4) diabetic group + interval exercise, 5) diabetic group + supplement, 6) diabetic group + continuous exercise + supplement, 7) diabetic group + interval exercise + supplement, and 8) saline group. Diabetes was induced by injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. continuous and interval exercise program was performed, which included running at a speed of 15 to 29 meters per minute for 5 to 22 minutes for continuous aerobic exercise and six 2.5-minute sets with four minutes of rest between each set for interval exercise. Atherostatin supplementation with dose of 20 mg per kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally daily. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups at the p <0.05. Results: The results showed that P62 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in all groups compared to the healthy and diabetic control group (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the other groups (p<0.05). (fig. 1). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that despite the decrease in P62 mRNA expression in the experimental groups compared to the control and patient groups, no significant difference was observed between the other experimental groups. It seems that taking atroastetin supplementation, despite its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect, has no effect on the process of autophagy, which can be due to the amount used during the training period or the short-term use of atherostatin. Exercise has been reported to induce autophagy in skeletal muscle. Key autophagy proteins, including p62 and LC3-II, change significantly after exercise. These changes are consistent with an increase in autophagy after exercise. Tarawan et al. (2019) reported that exercise significantly reduced P62 in the muscles, which is more pronounced at moderate intensities. The researchers argued that at moderate intensities relative to high and low intensities, autophagic activity decreased after exercise and recommended moderate-intensity exercise (25). Exercise by phosphorylating Akt can inactivate the autophagy pathway through the PI3K-Akt-MTOR mediated pathway. Due to its unique properties, muscle fibers seem to play a significant role in the activity of autophagy and proteins involved in this process (26). Mejías et al. In the study showed that eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training in elderly men and women significantly increased LC3II / I, Atg16-12 and Bcl-2, but p62 expression decreased significantly (11, 12). Therefore, it is thought that exercise play a decisive role in inhibiting autophagy. Jamart et al. (2013) concluded that low-intensity exercise after fasting increases the activity of autophagy in skeletal muscle, which is due to a decrease in Akt pathway activity compared to satiety (27). The results of the present study showed that compared to the control and disease groups, P62 mRNA expression was significantly reduced; However, this decrease was not significant between the training groups and the training groups with supplementation. These results appear to be influenced by research methodology that the duration of the training period was insufficient or that the dose of atroastetin was low. continuous and interval exercise with atroastetin supplementation with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on muscle cells is thought to reduce autophagy activity, resulting in a significant decrease in P62 mRNA expression compared with the patient group. In fact, exercise reduces the onset of autophagy in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats by improving the antioxidant system and reducing the release of cytochrome c. However, the amount of reactive oxygen species has been reported to be high in animal and human species with type 2 diabetes (28). Therefore, continuous and interval exercise with atroastetin supplementation has been able to reduce autophagy markers, including P62 mRNA. There were some limitations in the present study, such as the lack of measurement of other autophagic indices such as LC3-II. It can also be noted that PI3K-Akt- MTOR autophagy pathway indices are not measured. Therefore, a study measuring these indicators in elderly samples with type 2 diabetes is recommended. According to the results, it seems that continuous and interval exercise with atherostatin supplementation can reduce P62 mRNA in elderly type 2 diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Adolescence is one of the most sensitive periods of a person's life, one of the most important tasks of psychologists and counselors is to pay attention to the problems and problems of teenagers. Part of teenagers' tensions and problems are caused by the transformation of normal growth; such as growth and hormonal change, and another part is caused by the changes that occur in connection with the change of role in the society, that if the teenager does not have the necessary skills to deal with individual and interpersonal issues, adverse consequences will occur. In fact, most teenagers are faced with low self-esteem and negative self-concept, confusion, increasing negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, and as a result, reducing adaptive and positive functions. One of the problems that teenagers face during their lifetime is the fear of negative evaluation. Some people make a negative and unique evaluation of the event, which causes a constant fear and dysfunction in them, which can be internal (like I am incapable) or external (like, no It is not a safe place. Such evaluations create powerful emotions such as anxiety, anger, regret or guilt and symptoms of arousal, and these symptoms motivate the person to control the symptoms by adopting some methods. In turn, it causes the intensification of malfunctions. One of the sources of severe and continuous fear of a person is the evaluations he makes of the event or its results, negative evaluation of the event including negative evaluation of the emotions that occurred during the event and inappropriate event and negative evaluation of the feeling. The actions and activities that occurred during the incident and the inappropriate event and the negative perception of the responses of others and the perception of sustainable change in life after the event. One of the sources of persistent and intense fear may be a type of cognitive processing style during the event, which is called psychological failure. In order to deal with the fear of negative evaluation, psychotherapists investigated and pursued different treatment methods. Among the psychotherapy methods, we can mention therapy based on acceptance and commitment, as well as reality therapy. Reality therapy is a type of therapy that can be used for all people who have problems. Not denying the reality, taking responsibility and, accordingly, planning to achieve the goals, is one of the most important human needs in the life process, which is given importance in this therapeutic approach. Reality therapy is based on the choice theory. Reality-therapy considers behavior to include four components of performance, thinking, feeling and physiology, which we have direct control over two components of performance and thinking and indirectly over feeling and physiology. This treatment method emphasizes facing reality, accepting responsibility, recognizing basic needs, making moral judgments about the rightness or wrongness of behavior, focusing on the here and now, internal control and, as a result, achieving identity. Considering that the researchers are of the opinion that for fertility and progress, the society should nurture people with high mental health and considering that so far there has been no research to investigate and compare the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy on fear of evaluation. The negativity of the students has not been addressed, and considering the importance of treating the students' malfunctions, as well as with the aim of preventing damage and improving the level of mental health, the necessity of conducting this research is revealed. Therefore, the current research aims to answer this basic question: Is there a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and reality therapy on the fear of negative evaluation of female secondary school students? Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research community consisted of all female students of the second year of high school in Fasa city in the academic year of 2021-2022. From this, 45 people were selected among the eligible people and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). For the first group, an intervention based on acceptance and commitment was applied, and for the second group, reality therapy was applied, and the control group did not receive any type of therapy. Research data with the help of the short version of Lori's fear of negative evaluation scale (1983), collection; and it was analyzed using analysis of covariance and Tukey's follow-up test. Results: The findings of the covariance analysis showed that the therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy significantly improved the fear of negative evaluation in the post-test stages (p<0.01); However, no significant difference was observed in the post-test between the two experimental groups. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that these treatments play a significant role in improving students' fear of negative evaluation, therefore, by identifying and introducing students to treatment centers and receiving psychotherapy protocols. Their mental health can be improved. Also, in explaining the effect of reality therapy on the fear of negative evaluation by the evaluator, it can be said that people with high scores in fear of negative evaluation are easily disturbed by their emotions in stressful situations and have high levels of chronic anxiety in different periods of family life. And conversely, people with a low fear of negative evaluation, because they have a clear definition of themselves and their opinions, can choose their own direction in life and in extreme emotional situations that lead to involuntary behavior and decision making in many people. Fails don't lose control and make decisions based on reason and logic. For this reason, these people will be less in critical situations with appropriate decision-making, because they will solve problems at the right time and in a more appropriate way, and they will face fewer unsolved problems. Behaviors, qualitative world and lack of external control can help to increase management and reduce the fear of negative evaluation in relationships, especially academic relationships. As a result, it can be said that reality therapy based on the theory of choice helps to choose responsibility and self-control and freedom. It also teaches people that they have acquired a successful identity and can make better choices based on reason and logic and away from emotion in their decisions and without believing in controlling behavior. And felt by others, and in this case, they become more positive people, and with choices without mixing with others, they experience a quality life, more successful communication, and more compatibility, and have less fear of negative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Multiple Sclerosis or MS is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, which causes physical changes in the body and limits the performance of patients. Multiple sclerosis or M. S. is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to this disease being the most common cause of disability in adolescents. This disease leads to many mental disorders in people, among which anxiety thoughts and lack of hope for life and future are more than other negative consequences of this disease. Also, among the complications of this disease, it can be mentioned that the person's performance drops, which affects the way patients play their personal and social roles in their lives. On the other hand, research results show that patients with chronic debilitating diseases such as MS also face other specific problems related to their disease. These problems increase secondary complications and limit independent life and have negative and destructive consequences on patients' lives. This disease and similar chronic debilitating diseases lead to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and create a background for their depression. Depression in these patients generally appears with aggression, irritability, anxiety, sociability, and specific reluctance. Depression is a motivating factor for the deterioration of the patients' disease, and the presence of depression in these people causes biological changes for the patients. Depression in these patients is accompanied by chronic fatigue, reduced quality of life and reduced results of drug treatments. Therefore, knowing the factors related to depression in these patients is one of the most important mental health factors and a productive factor in the disease process. On the other hand, research results show that the prevalence of MS in women is much higher than in men. Research results show that the prevalence of MS in women is 2 to 3 times higher than in men, and this rate is in the age range of 20 to 40 years. Life expectancy is one of the key indicators of human development, which is influenced by factors such as income, education, health and nutrition, and can help patients with chronic and debilitating diseases such as MS in better treatment of their disease. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety thoughts and life expectancy of women with MS living in Tehran. Methods: The current research can be classified from different dimensions. This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group and using the selection of test and control group subjects. The method of collecting information was library (using books, theses, publications, reliable internet sites, using information) and the method of collecting information was field and questionnaire. The statistical population of the current study includes all women with MS living in Tehran who are members of the MS Association of this city. The sample of the present study was based on the purposeful sampling method and included 30 people with this disease who were randomly divided into two experimental groups including 15 respondents and 15 controls. The collected data are related to the year 2019. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy for 8 1.5- hour sessions, which was not done for the control group. The current research tools include the hope scale of Schneider et al. (1991), which includes the THS Trait Hope Scale (1991), the CHS Children's Hope Scale (1993), the SHS State Hope Scale (1996), and the Wells Anxiety Thinking Scale (1994). Also, Wells' Anxious Thoughts Scale (1994) is a multidimensional tool for assessing worries. The content of this questionnaire was obtained from interviews with patients with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. The analysis method in this research was based on multivariate and univariate covariance analysis as well as variance analysis with repeated measurements. Results: The results of the current research, which were obtained from different age groups; So that it includes 20% of the respondents in the age group of 20 to 30 years, 46.67% in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 20% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 13.33% in the age group of 51 to 60 years. and also, 13.33% of subjects in the control group are in the age group of 20 to 30 years, 40% in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 20% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 26.67% of the subjects in age group are 51 to 60 years old, it shows that the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety thoughts and life expectancy in women with MS, a member of the Tehran MS Association, and cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce the negative and destructive consequences of MS. improve S in these patients.. heal and provide the basis for improving their quality of life. In other words, the application of cognitive-behavioral treatment methods based on cognitive strategies in challenging thoughts and inefficient cognitive and behavioral systems through skill training can be effective in improving the life expectancy of women with MS. Cognitive behavioral therapy with the mechanisms it brings is effective in reducing anxiety thoughts and increasing people's life expectancy. In fact, the key concept in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and its more positive effectiveness than drug therapy is improving anxious thoughts and increasing life expectancy in accepting reality and responsibility for what has happened and the change that should occur. Although these people feel better by taking the drug due to the change in the chemical process related to brain neurotransmitters, they do not consider themselves responsible for this phenomenon. Also, tasks such as functional analysis, skill training and a feeling of mastery and empowerment are created in people, which are effective in increasing the motivation of treatment or at least continuity in treatment and avoiding irrelevant thoughts such as rumination. Therefore, it can be expected that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been able to increase the life expectancy of women with MS. The assumption of the normality of the distribution of the scores of the experimental and control groups in the variables of anxious thoughts, resilience and life expectancy according to the output results of the software, indicates the verifiability of the results. This means the normality of all data in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up comparison groups. Also, the non-significance of Levin's test in most cases, which is equal to (P<0.05), shows that the assumption of homogeneity of variances has been confirmed. Conclusion: The richness of the present study is that patients with MS. They are prone to other diseases in the field of psychology, which we call multifaceted. Institutions related to the affairs of these patients should always consider the consequences of this disease. Therefore, the results of this research show that patients with MS are more likely to suffer from depression, and suffering from depression along with chronic motion sickness, including MS, can overshadow these patients even more. and this affects the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, focusing on resilience and creating sparks of hope and motivation in these patients can increase their vigor and vitality and facilitate the path of disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: According to the World Health Organization, aging is a biological period with its own dynamic and out of human control, starting from the fertilization and ending with death (1). Balance control is the foundation of human ability to move and function independently (2). By increasing age, changes are made in the systems related to balance and movement. Structural and functional changes in the central nervous system have the most visible effect on motor performance (3) and the risk of falling increases in the elderly (4). Decreased mobility and balance along with the fear of falling can lead to decrease motor performance (6). The result of falling is injury, which can have physical and psychological consequences. It also causes costs for the individual, family and society (7). Therefore, according to the growing trend of the elderly population in the world, the need to pay attention to the importance of intervention strategies in the field of improving balance has been noticed by researchers. One of the individual or group-based intervention strategies is Fallproof program, which was proposed in response to the needs of the elderly at risk of falling. This theory-oriented program with a multidimensional approach is effective in improving balance, mobility and reducing the risk of falling in the elderly (11). By proper design of exercice interventions, as well as repeatedly exposing the elderly to task demands and changing environmental conditions with the aim of reducing balance disorders, balance and mobility and falls can be affected to some extent. Fall prevention programs target the underlying injuries associated with postural instability through a comprehensive screening and evaluation protocol and its multidimensional planning approach (3). Considering Fallproof program is known as one of the effective programs in the field of rehabilitation of the elderly, and also by reviewing the previous studies, it was found that no study has been done regarding the optimal intensity of these exercises; Therefore, assuming the efficiency of Fallproof training on balance of the elderly, we investigated the effect of high and low intensity Fallproof group-based training on balance of the elderly at different ages. Methods: The current semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and its statistical population consisted of 55-77 years community-doweling in Tehran. After announcing the readiness of the volunteers, 60 people (26 men and 34 women) were clinically evaluated by a physician before any physical activity to confirm their physical and cardiovascular health. According to the research criteria, participants were divided into low intensity (20 people), high intensity (20 people) and control (20 people) groups by targeted sampling. Before evaluation, Fall Proof Health and Activity Questionnaire was used in order to obtain information about the general state of health, lifestyle and physical activity patterns. It was consisted of 22 questions, which provided three questions in the field of physical activity and exercise patterns in addition to knowledge of diseases, types of diagnosed injuries, and drugs used by participants. Fullerton's advanced balance (FAB) scale was used as a pre-test and post-test to evaluate the multiple dimensions of balance in functionally independent elderly and examines musculoskeletal, sensory, and neuromuscular systems, which may be involved in disorders. The test consists of 10 items which are: stand with feet together and eyes closed, reaching forward to object, turn in full circle, step up and over, tandem walk, stand on one leg, stand on foam with eyes closed, two-footed jump, walk with head turns, reactive postural control. Two experimental groups participated in Fallproof group-based program three times a week for eight weeks (45 minutes per session), While the control group only participated in the pre-test and post-test. The exercises included center of gravity (COG) control, posture strategies, multi-sensory, strength and endurance, flexibility and gait pattern enhancement to improve the sensory, motor and skeletal-muscular system involved in maintaining balance (3). This research mainly focused on group-based training using entertaining games. The participants were asked to cooperate with each other to accomplish all of the tasks. As soon as the intervention was completed, the participants were evaluated again in the post test, using the (FAB) scale. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normal data and Lune's test was used to evaluate the equality of variance of the variables. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements (composite analysis of variance) and Bonferroni and Tukey post hoc tests were used at a significance level of 0.05 For data analysis. Results: The results of the Paired sample t test showed that Fallproof group-based training with low intensity improve the balance of the elderly 55-65 years. In addition, the results revealed that high-intensity Fallproof group-based training improve the balance of the elderly 55-65 years (P<00.5). The results showed that low-intensity Fallproof group-based training improve the balance of the elderly 66-77 years. The results revealed that high intensity Fallproof group-based training improve the balance of the elderly 66-77 years (P<00.5). There is a significant difference between the balance of 55-65 year in Fallproof group-based with low and high intensity (P<00.5). The results showed that the balance of high-intensity Fallproof training improved by 4.20 units compared to low-intensity. Also, there is a significant difference between the balance of 66-77 years in Fallproof group-based training with low and high intensity (P<00.5). The results showed that the balance of high-intensity Fallproof group-based training improved by 4.40 units compared to low intensity. The findings of the composite variance analysis test revealed that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test, and the exercises improved the balance of the elderly from the pretest (24/33) to the post-test (28/65).The results indicated that there is a significant difference in balance between the age of 55-65 years and 66-77 years, and the balance of the age group of 55-65 years (28.033) is significantly better compared to the age group of 66-77 years ( 24/95). The results showed that there is a significant difference in balance between the high training intensity and low training intensity groups and the balance of the elderly in the high intensity group (28.72) is significantly better compared to the low intensity group (26.37). In addition, the results showed that there is no significant difference in balance between the high and low training intensity groups in the pre-test. However, in the post-test there is a significant difference in balance between the high and low training intensity groups and the balance of the high intensity group (32.90) was significantly better compared to the low intensity group (28.60). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that eight weeks of high intensity Fallproof group-based training are more effective in improving balance in the elderly. According to the obtained evidence, older people were also able to use the benefits of participating in high intensity Fallproof group-based training. Therefore, it can be concluded that this program is probably an effective strategy to improve balance which will reduce the risk of falling to some extent in the elderly. Many specialists and those who work with the elderly can use Fallproof group-based training with high intensity along with other exercise protocols to improve balance and motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The continuous erosion of the environment, which originates from human exploitation, has more or less faced all the countries of the world with this serious demand to put sustainable development methods compatible with the environment on the agenda. Organizations are one of the main threats to the development of environmental sustainability and are also considered key players in environmental protection. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and rank the bases, strategies, and consequences of implementing green human resources management with the attitude of continuous organizational development of employees of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The study method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts from the headquarters of Iran University of Medical Sciences, and the statistical sample of this section was 14 people, who were considered as interviewees using the principle of saturation. In this project, the researcher first qualitatively examines the research topic with limited participants, and then based on the qualitative findings, he takes action to build the desired tool. A mixed methods study requires the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data in which the data are collected simultaneously or sequentially. The statistical community in the qualitative section includes experts from the headquarters of the Iran University of Medical Sciences who have the following characteristics: familiarity with the concept of human resource management and sustainable development, with a management experience of at least 7 years and a doctorate or master's degree in the relevant field. In this research, 14 people were considered as interviewees using the principle of saturation. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part included the employees of the headquarters of the Iran University of Medical Sciences in the fields of green human resource management and sustainable development, and the number of the statistical sample according to the available sampling method is 341 people. In this research, the purposeful sampling method was used to determine the samples. In the qualitative part, theme analysis (open, central, and selective coding) was used. Theoretical coding is the process during which the data are analyzed, conceptualized, and placed next to each other in a new way, and it is the main process during which the theory is compiled based on the data. In this method, there are three main pillars "concepts", "categories" and theorems. In this method, theories are formed based on "raw data". After a semi-structured interview, a researcher-made questionnaire was obtained, which includes platforms, strategies and The platforms in this research include the components of political factors (2 items) and economic factors (4 items) as well as strategies including the components of educational strategies (2 items), cultural strategies (3 items) and legal strategies (3 items). ) and also the consequences included the components of environmental consequences (6 items), social consequences (7 items), physical consequences (5 items), and economic consequences (7 items) which were created by using a researcher's questionnaire and a 5-point Likert scale. It was measured from very high to very low. The reliability of the dimensions was confirmed because Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability coefficient were higher than 0.7. It was considered from 0.05. Results: In the quantitative part of this study, the opinions of 341 people were used to collect data, of which 219 respondents were men and 122 were women. According to the results, 55 respondents are in the age range of 30 to 40 years, 198 people are in the age range of 40 to 50 years, and 88 people are over 50 years old. According to the results, 59 of the respondents have a bachelor's education, 111 have a master's degree, and 171 have a doctorate and above. The statistical characteristics of the research model to identify and rank the platforms, strategies, and consequences of implementing green human resources management with the perspective of sustainable organizational development of employees of Iran University of Medical Sciences are given in Table 1. According to the results, political factors ranked first among the bed components (0.943). Among the components of the strategies, cultural strategies were ranked first (0.890) and among the consequences, social consequences were ranked first (0.919). The output related to the platforms is shown. The model fit index of the examined sample is 0.671, which is except for large sizes. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the tested model is a good fit for the examined sample. Also, considering that the factor loadings of all obvious variables of the model are more than 0.5 and the significance is more than 2.58, it can be said that the present structure has good validity. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the bases, obstacles, and strategies of implementing green human resources management with the approach of sustainable organizational development of the employees of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The platforms for implementing green human resources management have 2 components as follows: Political factors: supporting laws and regulations and the supervision of law-making organizations. This research showed that in order to initiate a change or its successful implementation, we need supportive laws and regulations. When government agencies and legislators consider supporting laws for the implementation of green human resource management elements, these laws are implemented as guidelines in the organization, which facilitates an important part of the implementation process. Economic factors: available organizational resources, the organization's budget for advertising, modification of spending patterns, and financial support from other institutions. In line with laws and regulations, the support of organizations and legislative institutions can bring important economic consequences for the organization. Green human resources management leads to the creation of educational mechanisms, and cultural and legal mechanisms. Also, these mechanisms on the creation of fashion consequences which include environmental consequences, social consequences, physical consequences, and economic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Domestic violence, which is often called intimate partner violence, is usually directed at women and includes any physical, psychological, or sexual abuse. The most common form of violence against women worldwide is domestic violence or physical and emotional violence and sexual abuse of women by their emotional partners. Women are not the only victims of domestic violence. Sometimes they commit violence, but usually, the violence committed by women is more of the type of violence to defend themselves, on the other hand, the violence committed by men is mostly behaviors aimed at forced control. However, women are estimated to comprise 85% to 95% of victims. Youth exposed to parental violence are more likely to be victims of bullying or cyberbullying and are less likely to seek professional help. Various factors, including mental health issues such as antisocial and borderline personality disorders, anger and controlling behaviors, contextual factors such as childhood abuse experience, poverty, and economic crises, social factors, and lack of gender justice play a role in the occurrence of violence. Surveys conducted in different parts of the world show that ten to more than fifty percent of women have been mistreated by their husbands in some way, and nearly one-third to half of them have experienced physical abuse along with psychological violence. The economic and psychological burden of domestic violence is associated with a wide range of broad and negative consequences for society. From a societal perspective, the costs of being a victim of violence are extensive. These costs include costs related to increased health care use, such as emergency room and doctor visits, costs related to legal services, costs related to lost productivity and absenteeism, job instability, and reduced academic achievement. The existence of violence among family members leads to mental and emotional injuries; therefore, this research aimed to understand and analyze women's experience of domestic violence, the injuries caused by it, and their coping strategies during the Covid-19 era. Methods: Domestic violence against women is a phenomenon with broad concepts and dimensions. In this study, by using the phenomenological method, an attempt is made to obtain a deep understanding and recognition of the lived experiences of women who have been subjected to violence; the participants of this research are 12 women who had first-hand experience of the studied phenomenon. This number continued based on data saturation until we felt that new information would not be obtained, but to be sure, two more interviews were also conducted, but of course, no new data was obtained and the study reached theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed using the seven-step colaizzi method. Also, to validate the results, the findings were informed to the participants and explained to them, and their opinions were sought over the phone. This step was done by the main researcher, who all the participants confirmed the accuracy of the results and acknowledged that the results of this research fully reflected their feelings and experiences. In addition, all typed interviews and extracted concepts and coding were emailed to a distinguished professor at Kansas State University who has authored more than a hundred articles on the topic of intimate partner violence. This researcher has also conducted studies on violence in Iran. All levels were approved by him. Finally, the use of different processes led to the validity, transferability, verifiability, and reliability of the study. The research tools in this study included the following: During the interview, the conversations were recorded with the consent of the interviewees to check the information carefully. The data was collected through an in-depth and open-ended semistructured interview. The researcher's preference was face-to-face interviews, but two of the interviews were conducted online at the request of the participants and the other ten interviews were conducted face-to-face at the counseling center following the protocols. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim in Persian; By asking general questions about the conditions and situations where the violence happened, one of the researchers tried to get the participants to enter into a conversation, and by gaining the trust of the participants and creating an empathetic dialogue, a suitable space for presenting honest answers. In this study, the duration of the interview varied from 45 minutes to 90 minutes. For coding and analyzing the data, the seven-step Claysey method was used. Results: Data analysis (11 sub-themes and 2 main themes) shows the vulnerability caused by violence (psychological and personality vulnerability, children's vulnerability, couple's relationship vulnerability, spouse's family vulnerability, physical vulnerability) vulnerability of high-risk behaviors) and women's coping strategies to prevent more violence (searching for new hobbies, seeking help from family and relatives, seeking professional help, taking refuge in religion and spirituality, taking refuge in the law). Conclusion: Based on the experience of women, the results of this research showed that domestic violence, especially in stressful situations and crises, leaves a lot of vulnerability in different areas of the family system. Also, women have experienced different solutions to reduce violence. It seems that the professional help of counselors and psychiatrists based on psychological interventions and drug therapy has been more effective to control anger, and aggression and restore the relationship. Health officials must pay as much attention to mental and psychological issues as physical issues and psychological services are covered by insurance. Face-to-face interviews in pandemic conditions with masks and compliance with health protocols had limitations. Also, due to the norms of the society and customs as well as respect for modesty, it was not easy for the participants to talk about the violence along with the audio recording, especially since honor and keeping the behavioral problems of family members a secret is a cultural value. Domestic violence is related to all members of the family. It is better to research violence from the perspective of men and children to understand the needs, desires, and concerns of all family members. Also, the participants of this study were from the urban middle class, and there is a much more serious level of violence in the lower classes of society and marginalized people, which needs research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. This genetically heterogeneous condition can be sporadic or inherited as an autosomal trait. One of the most important causes of sporadic gastric cancer is environmental factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection. In recent decades, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been widely used to treat gastrointestinal problems. New researches raise concerns about the link between PPIs and gastric cancer. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) seen in various malignancies is a set of epigenetic changes associated with promoter methylation and down regulation of the tumor suppressor genes. The present study investigated the methylation profile of MINT2, MINT1, MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions in patients with gastric cancer. The MINT1 gene, also known as Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 (APBA1), is located on 9q and encodes a protein which is involved in signal transduction processes. Studies have shown a significant increase in MINT1 hypermethylation in gastric cancer tissues significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The MINT2 gene, or Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding, family A, member 2 (APBA2), has been mapped to the 15q region. Abnormal methylation of MINT2 has been identified in the blood and peritoneal fluid of patients with gastric cancer suggesting that it can be used as a predictor of peritoneal micrometastasis. The next two gene regions, MINT25 and MINT31, are functionally different. In fact, MINT25 is the Matrix metalloproteinase 24 (MMP24) gene, located at 20q. Studies have shown that MINT25 hypermethylation is a specific molecular marker for gastric cancer screening. The MINT31 marker is located at 17q in the non-coding region upstream of the CACNA1G gene, which is a T-Type Calcium Channel. MINT31 plays an important role in regulating CACNA1G expression. Studies have shown that hypermethylation of the MINT31 region can be used as a predictor of gastric cancer progression. Based on these findings, the present study investigates the methylation profile of MINT2, MINT1, MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions in patients with gastric cancer. Another goal of this project was to investigate the correlation between this methylation profile and patients' clinical characteristics. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, patients with adenocarcinoma gastric cancer between the ages of 50 and 85 years old were studied. The age matched control group included non-cancerous gastrointestinal patients who referred for endoscopy. Tumor and control tissue samples were collected by endoscopy. Collected tissue samples were extracted using the GENTBIO kit and DNA samples were kept at -20. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation pattern of selected gene regions. Bisulfite treatment was performed by Bisulfite Conversion Kit (ZYMO RESEARCH). Briefly, bisulfite solutions were prepared according to the kit instructions and were added to the samples. The mixtures were incubated for 5 hours then centrifugation was performed. In the next step a combination of BL buffer and carrier RNA were added to the products. The samples were then thoroughly mixed with ethanol and transferred to Epitect columns. BW wash buffer and BD desulfurizing buffer were used in later stages to improve DNA quality. For each reaction of PCR we used 2X PCR-master mix, 0.5µl of each forward and reverse primers with a concentration of 10μM and 50ng DNA. The following temperature program was applied: 15 minutes at 95°C, 35 cycles including 20 seconds at 95 °C, 30 seconds annealing with variable and specific temperature for each pair of primers, extension for 25 seconds at 72°C and final extension for 5 minutes at 72°C. The annealing temperature of the primer pairs was standardized between 51-60°C. PCR products were evaluated by 8% polyacrylamide gel stained with silver nitrate. After collecting and extracting the results, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Methylation profile of MINT2, MINT1, MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions was assessed on polyacrylamide gel after treatment with bisulfite and MS-PCR. Each gene was amplified by a pair of primers for methylated (M) and a pair of primers for non-methylated (U) regions. In case of positive methylation of one or two genes, the situation was considered CIMP-Low phenotype and in case of positive methylation of 3 or 4 genes, phenotype was recorded as a CIMP-High. If the methylation of all four genes was negative, the CIMP-Negative phenotype was recorded. The results showed that CIMP was positive in 52.9% of gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, which included 41.2% CIMP-Low and 11.7% CIMP-High. MINT25 with 76% positive had the highest methylation rate. Interestingly, no positive cases of MINT25 were observed in the control group which could confirm the specificity of this marker. MINT31 was next with 53% positive cases. In control samples for three promoter regions, methylation results were negative and only two positive cases were observed regarding MINT31. MINT1 and MINT2 genes were evaluated positive in 17.7% and 11.8% of cases, respectively. According to these results, there was a statistically significant correlation between PPIs and methylation of MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions. Considering all 4 gene regions as CIMP phenotype, the significance of the results was reduced, which could be due to the low sample size of positive cases in MINT1 and MINT2. Contrary to expectations, no significant link was observed between the Helicobacter pylori infection and methylation of each gene alone. However, the CIMP-Positive phenotype showed a stronger association with Helicobacter pylori infection than individual genes, although this association was not reached the significant level. Conclusion: Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that despite the discovery of several predisposing genes, scientific evidence still indicates the important role of environmental factors in its development. Studies have shown the effective role of epigenetic changes in gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation of many genes has been studied in gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic instability, characterized by hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands, is known as the CIMP phenotype. CIMP-positive tumors indicate that hypermethylation has occurred simultaneously in the promoter regions of several tumor suppressor genes. This leads to inactivation of gene transcription and consequent loss of their function. So far, different gene sets have been selected to study CIMP in a variety of cancers, due to the heterogeneity of histological features in tumors and patient populations. In the present study, the promoter regions of MINT1, MINT2, MINT25 and MINT31 in patients with gastric cancer were examined and the results confirmed the presence of CIMP-Low and CIMP-High phenotypes in these samples. In our study, the correlation between methylation pattern and clinical characteristics of patients was also investigated. Statistical analyzes showed a significant link between methylation of MINT25 and MINT31 promoter regions with the PPIs. Evidence from several studies suggests that long-term use of PPIs is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. However, some studies have suggested that this risk may be limited to people with a history of Helicobacter pylori infection or precancerous lesions of the stomach. Because PPIs induce hypergastrinemia and cellular hyperplasia, they could increase the risk of gastric cancer. Overall, the results of our study show that the CIMP phenotype can be introduced as a biomarker in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, although the methylation profile selection should be standardized based on the characteristics of each population. The results of our study showed that among the 4 proposed gene regions, MINT25 has a statistically significant correlation with gastric cancer and also with a history of PPIs, which indicates the importance of studying this marker in Iranian patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Soccer is one of the most popular sports that is played by men and women, children and adults at different competitive levels. Metabolism and high energy demand in soccer training and matches, accumulation of lactic acid due to long-term play and short time between two halves of the match, do not allow the player to fully recover and rebuild his energy sources. This, in turn, can lead to the weakness of the body's immune system and, as a result, cause muscle fatigue. Some studies revealed that the pressure caused by playing soccer increases creatinine, urea and derivatives of white blood cells (leukocytes, monocytes and granulocytes), red blood cells and nitrates, and as a result, it causes disturbances in performance. The increase in urea production during sports activity indicates an increase in protein catabolism. An increase in serum values and a decrease in urinary values after sports activity indicate a decrease in kidney function in the elimination of waste products caused by heavy sports activity. According to the results of some studies, energy drinks consumption increases the metabolic rate, increases sports performance, or both. Hype energy drink (HED) is one of energy drinks that contains large amounts of taurine and caffeine. Taurine, which is the most abundant amino acid in type 2 muscle fibers, increases the strength of athletes and muscle hypertrophy and helps protein synthesis and muscle contraction ability. Also, caffeine has a lot of energy and many physiological effects, such as increase in plasma epinephrine concentration, release and reabsorption of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as increase in muscle contraction. However, there is little information about the effects of energy drinks on markers of kidney damage caused by exercise. The results of limited studies showed that the consumption of energy drinks during exercise caused a significant change in the serum levels of urea and creatinine. White and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not increase compared to resting state, but the results of other research showed a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels. Considering the contradiction of previous research results and the lack of research on the effectiveness of energy drinks on kidney damage markers and hematological indicators in football, the main goal of the current research is to "investigate the effect of HED consumption on hematological and kidney damage indicators of soccer players after match. Methods: Twenty-two male soccer players competing in Division 2 league with mean age of 91.36+1.20, weight of 70.50+8.01, and body mass index of 22.58+0.93 voluntarily participated in the study. All participants had at least 5 years of soccer experience and during the past year, they practiced 2 hours a day, at least 3 days a week. They were informed about the nature of experimental procedures, including potential risks and benefits and then, received written consent. The experimental protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee of Islamic Azad University of Rasht Branch, Iran, according to Helsinki Declaration Guidelines. All participants were subjected to two different conditions (HED and placebo consumption), under similar conditions (ambient temperature 20±1 °C and relative humidity 70±5). The two different conditions of the research were separated by 14 days to allow enough time for recovery between the tests and ensure the absence of caffeine's effect. In order to avoid diurnal effects, both experimental sessions were held in the early evening hours. Once, the participants consumed HED (2 servings of 250 ml per day) for 5 days before the soccer match, the day of the match and one day after the match. HED contains 99.1 kcal, carbohydrates, protein and fat, taurine, caffeine, glucuronolactone, vitamins, inositol, B6, B12, flavor and color. Participants were instructed to drink one serving with breakfast and one serving with dinner. Blood samples were collected before the race, immediately after the race, and 1 day after the race. All tests were performed at the same time of day to minimize the effect of circadian variation. In the second condition, a placebo drink was administered by an expert. Food industries without caffeine and taurine were prepared, which contained 50 mg/liter of sodium saccharin and 2.5 mg/liter of vitamin C powder supplement. It should be noted that both energy drinks and placebo were iso-calories. On test days, players were asked to eat lunch at 1:00 p.m., consume the cooled drinks in opaque and pressed plastic water bottles during (0.5 + 1 minute) under the supervision of the researchers at 4 p.m. At 5:00 p.m., the participants first warmed up for 15 minutes to increase the body temperature and improve the efficiency of the nervous and muscular system, then they were divided into two teams and played a soccer match in two halves. They played one minute with a 15-minute break between the two halves. During each trial, they were allowed to drink water to prevent dehydration. The measurements were done in 4 stages. Collected data using analysis of variance with repeated measurement of intersection at the level of significance of α=0.05 was analyzed. Results: The results showed that immediately after the football game, there was a significant difference in the levels of serum creatinine, hematocrit and white blood cells between the two conditions of HED and placebo (P = 0.001). Also, compared to placebo, consumption of HED 24 hours after the game caused a significant decrease in red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urea and creatinine (p=0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that the consumption of Hype energy drink causes a decrease in the levels of some enzymes of kidney function such as urea and creatinine and a decrease in the levels of some hematological parameters such as white and red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin, and improves the performance of soccer players 24 hours after the match through accelerating the return to the initial state. Of course, due to the lack of scientific evidence in this field, it is not possible to make a definitive statement and the need to conduct more research in this field seems necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Psychological pressures caused by modern life and rapid social changes that are formed under the influence of the rapid growth of industrial life have major effects on human mental health and can lead to disorders such as social anxiety (2). This disorder is defined as an obvious fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the person is exposed to attention and criticism by others. People with this disorder are extremely afraid of doing inappropriate behavior or showing signs of anxiety in social relationships and try to refuse to be in public places (3). The issue of anxiety is so broad that it even involves the main organs of the body, for example, it is known that the brain is the central regulator of emotions, physical symptoms, thoughts and behaviors that explain many psychological problems. . Research studies showed that social anxiety disorder is related to dysfunction and brain waves (12). On the other hand, by examining the relationship between the underlying mechanisms of the thalamocortical brain and psychological states, it has been shown that by making optimal changes in the rhythm and frequency of brain waves, using neurotherapeutic methods, optimal changes can be made in a person's neuro-psychological states. (13). One of the methods of neurotherapy is neurofeedback. People can be aware of the cortical activities of the brain through neurofeedback. Basically, neurofeedback is a kind of biofeedback that tries to teach the patient some kind of self-regulation by recording the electrical waves of the brain and giving feedback to the person. So that in a conditioning process, a person learns to voluntarily change his brain waves using the feedback he receives from the device (14). Now, considering the prevalence of social anxiety and considering the importance of the role of brain-nerve waves and psychological factors in the emergence and continuation of social anxiety and the fact that there was no research on the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment as a neurotherapeutic method on social anxiety, and considering the importance Choosing the right treatment for these people, the researcher is trying to answer the question of whether neurofeedback treatment has an effect on the level of social anxiety and mental rumination of people suffering from social anxiety. Methods: In order to conduct this semi-experimental and applied research, which was conducted in the field and with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan, among the people suffering from social anxiety referring to counseling centers under the supervision of the welfare organization in Shahin Shahr city in 1400 (150 people) ) a number of 30 people were selected as a sample in a targeted manner and diagnosed based on the cut-off point of Jarbak's social anxiety questionnaire (1996) and were divided into experimental (neurofeedback) and control groups (21). Next, the experimental group received neurofeedback treatment for 25 sessions (three sessions per week) under the supervision of the researcher. During neurofeedback, the subjects were seated on a comfortable chair in a quiet room, and electrodes were attached to the scalp using special glue according to the international 10-20 system (28) and the electrical changes from the brain surface were continuously recorded. was taking place The neurofeedback device is a tool equipped with a computer system that was used for neural feedback training. The data measurement tool included Jarbak's social anxiety questionnaire (1996) and Hoeksma and Maro's rumination response scale (1991). Finally, descriptive statistics (tables and graphs) and Shapiro-Wilk tests, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to analyze the data using spss software version 24. Results: Due to the inequality of covariances, the modified Greenhouse-Geisser test was used to report the within-subject effects of social anxiety and its dimensions and mental rumination, and the results of the Wilks's lambda test for the effects of time and the time*group interaction were significant (<0.01). P). Also, the results for the average scores of social anxiety at the time of the results showed a significant difference (F=41.15 and P=0.001) between the different stages (time) of measurement (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) as well as the interaction of the measurement time with the group as (F=13.86 and P=0.001) is significant, in fact, the results show that the average scores of social anxiety and its dimensions in the test and control groups were significantly different from each other at different times of measurement (Table 1). The results of the inter-subject effects also showed that the mean social anxiety scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different from each other (F = 18.77 and P = 0.001). The obtained eta coefficient is equal to 0.472, which indicates that more than 47% of the changes in the average scores of the experimental group were related to the provision of neurofeedback treatment. Finally, the results of the Bonferroni test in the test and control groups in the 3 times of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in Table 3 show that there is a significant difference between the average social anxiety scores of the research groups in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test (P<0.01) and the follow-up phase. There was a significant difference to the pre-test (P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed in the average scores of social anxiety in the post-test stage compared to the follow-up stage (P<0.01). Conclusion: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on social anxiety and mental rumination of people suffering from social anxiety in Shahinshahr. The findings showed that neurofeedback treatment was effective on social anxiety and mental rumination of people suffering from social anxiety. In explaining this finding, it can be said that neurofeedback has the ability to improve the activity of the middle and lower frontal areas and can regulate their activity. In addition, regulating the activity of the middle frontal gyrus reduces anxiety (34). In fact, anxiety is considered as an aspect of reducing self-regulation of the brain, and when the EEG is obtained from the patient, the state of anxiety is clearly evident; In addition, when the brain starts to self-regulate, its activities and functions improve (35). In fact, when the client is placed in the neurofeedback process, there is a good opportunity to learn to condition his brain wave pattern and increase the optimal level (32). Of course, the main reason for the effectiveness of neurofeedback can be attributed to the increased activity of the anterior cingulate cortex, which is responsible for modulating cognitive and emotional processes in the brain (33). With a quick look at the different dimensions of social anxiety, it is clear that these dimensions are somewhat consistent with what neurofeedback treatment is looking for. In fact, social anxiety includes the fear of speaking in public, which leads to a person's avoidance of starting or continuing conversations in groups, classes, public, or parties by reducing the effectiveness of verbal communication (36). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: According to the report released by world health organization (WHO), the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction- cardiogenic shock (STEMI-CS) is one of the important factors in patient mortality within hospitals (1), (2), (3), (4). CS and its related complications need a huge financial and medical burden. Some researchers stated that high mortality and complication rates of STEMI-CS patients are associated with the lack of effective early preventive treatments. Given the risk of CS and the different risk factors associated with it, accurate clinical risk prediction tools need to be developed to accurately predict the onset of CS. Recently, researchers have been used various machine learning methods to predict the risk of mortality in STEMI-CS patients. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods were developed to establish predictive models to identify the in-hospital mortality risk of STEMI-CS patients. The existing methods achieved encouraging results; however, their performance is not ideal, and more effort is needed to improve the performance. The aim of this study is to present a hybrid machine learning method for predicting the risk of mortality in STEMI-CS patients. Our proposed method combines a powerful swarm intelligence strategy, anti-coronavirus optimization algorithm (ACVO) with support vector machine (SVM) in risk prediction phase. The proposed model is compared with standard support vector machine (SVM), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) on a real-world benchmark dataset. Methods: To predict the mortality status of STEMI-CS patients, we proposed the ACVOSVM algorithm. The proposed method is a hybrid machine learning algorithm that combines the SVM with ACVO algorithm to identify the most effective parameters on the death of patients. The incentive mechanism of using ACVO is to optimally configure the parameters of SVM to improve its prediction performance. The proposed ACO-SVM is also useful in determining the optimal subset of features and treatment strategies that have the greatest impact in predicting the status of STEMI-CS patients. The proposed approach models the problem of predicting the status of patients as an optimization problem. In order to determine the most effective features in predicting the survival or death of STEMI-CS patients, the proposed ACVO-SVM model is trained with different combinations of patient characteristics and adopted treatment strategies. Then the best combination of features that provides the highest performance is considered as the superior combination. To select the most effective features, first all the features are considered for training the SVM model, then the remaining features are ignored one by one and the model with the same structure is trained. The models were compared based on accuracy, recall rate, F1 criterion. Finally, the best model is used to predict the status of patients in test dataset. The data set used to evaluate the proposed method includes 410 records of patients hospitalized due to STEMI-CS complications in Shahid Madani Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The collected data is related to a 10-year period from 2009 to 2018. This data set includes five categories of main characteristics, which are demographic characteristics, type of myocardial infarction, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and type of treatment used. It should be noted that 80% of the records of the data set are considered as training data, and 20% of the records are considered as the test data set. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB software. Results: Among M1 to M5 feature combination models, the experimental results show that the M1 model has higher performance on the training and test dataset in terms of predicting the patient's condition compared to other combination models. Model M1 includes the combination of characteristics of age, sex, type of myocardial infarction, smoking, percutaneous vascular interventions and coronary artery bypass surgery. This shows that considering the mentioned features has the greatest effect on the final condition of STEMI-CS patients. The results are in line with previous studies (2), (3) in this field, which stated that age, gender, smoking, coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous vascular interventions have the greatest effect on the mortality rate of patients. The M2 model ranks second in terms of efficiency in determining the status of patients, which shows that smoking also has a greater effect on the mortality of patients with STEMI-CS. Also, the M3 model indicates that the use of the balloon pump treatment strategy, along with other demographic symptoms of the patient, history of heart infarction and smoking have a great effect on the mortality rate of patients. In summary, it can be concluded that the demographic characteristics of the patient such as age and gender, smoking, history of illness and the use of coronary bypass surgery and percutaneous vascular interventions have a great impact on the mortality of STEMI-CS patients. The proposed ACVO-SVM approach is compared with several other popular approaches, which include: standard SVM model, LASSO regression, ANFIS, and XGBoost. The experimental results justify that the proposed ACVO-SVM outperformed its counterparts. Conclusion: In this study, a hybrid supervised machine learning model was presented to determine the status of patients with cardiogenic shock due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The proposed ACVO-SVM model uses an ACVO optimization algorithm to estimate the optimal parameters of the SVM model, making the SVM training process more efficient. The proposed model was evaluated using a dataset of patients with cardiogenic shock and the results were compared with the LASSO, ANFIS, XGBoost, and SVM models. The results showed that the proposed method worked well compared to other proposed classification models. We also found that age, gender, type of myocardial infarction, smoking, percutaneous vascular surgery, and coronary bypass transplantation surgery are the most effective factors for survival in STEMI-CS patients. In this research, the models were evaluated on a small dataset. Therefore, one of the necessary tasks to improve this research is to evaluate the proposed method and other counterpart models on large datasets to determine their strengths and weaknesses. Another limitation of this research is the lack of examination of all factors affecting the survival of STEMI-CS patients, such as blood sugar level and duration of ischemia. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate all factors affecting the mortality of STEMI-CS patients to improve the quality of classification and prediction of the final status of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The family is the first and most unique social institution and the health and well-being of a society is owed to the health and satisfaction of its members (1). The most prominent factor in the collapse of the family is the damage called divorce, which has devastating effects on the individual, the family and the community. Divorce may take place formally or legally or informally when the couple cohabites without intimacy and interest (2). Divorce is no longer an individual problem. Rather, it is a multi-stage process that is significant not only in terms of its effects on spouses and their children, but also because of its negative effects on society and the economy in general (7). In fact, emotional divorce is "the last step in a marriage." The rate of emotional divorces in the country is twice that of formal divorces. No action has been taken in relation to emotional divorce at home and abroad, and usually most actions are based on the emotional and emotional pressures of couples after divorce. The most important cause of divorce is the irresponsibility of the spouse (husband and wife) and the lack of adaptive skills. One of the barriers to marital problems and incompatibility, such as emotional divorce, is love addiction (10,11). Although, at present, love addiction has not yet found its place in psychiatry, there is now a greater understanding of behavioral addiction in the mental health literature (14). What is a missing link in the effects of emotional divorce can be a spouse with a high sensitivity to rejection that leads to marital bondage. Sensitivity to rejection is defined as anxious expectations of rejection, a state of defensive expectation. For quick understanding, it is a strong reaction to rejection that can be a potential barrier to conflicts in intimate marital relationships between spouses. Sensitivity to high rejection in one or both spouses can lead to personal discomfort as well as maladaptive behaviors that can damage the marital bond (15). One of the most important ways to form a cohesive family is family education, and if the teachings are appropriate to the knowledge of individuals and attractive, it can provide the necessary information transfer (17). Imago is a couple therapy approach, developed by Hendrix to improve the quality of a couple's relationship (18). Schema therapy is also a relatively new treatment method for the treatment of chronic and persistent disorders (22). Schema examines how people think, how they perceive and process, and how they remember information. Inconsistent schemas lead to bias in the interpretation of events (23). Among the factors affecting the mental health of human beings, the family has a very important role, many mental and behavioral abnormalities of human beings are rooted in the family. Emotional divorce makes the couple sick and the children of the family suffer the most. Prolonged coldness of the relationship can cause depression and isolation of couples and mental disorders in them or lead to a series of infidelities that will cause serious harm to the family and society. Recognizing the symptoms and problems that lead to emotional divorce can be the first step to change. And identifying therapeutic interventions that improve couples' interpersonal relationships is clinically and theoretically important. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of the effectiveness of schema therapy and imago therapy approaches on sensitivity to rejection and love addiction in emotional divorce. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up (quarterly) design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was the people who referred to Shahid Mofteh Judicial Complex in the west of Tehran in 2019. Purposeful sampling was used in this study. 137 clients who had referred to this branch to file a marriage complaint or request for divorce were selected according to the inclusion criteria and willingness to participate in the study. Then 101 people were initially evaluated according to Cochran's formula by the Emotional Divorce Questionnaire. After the number of clients reached the desired volume based on experimental theories, at least 15 people were considered for each group, and 45 people were randomly assigned to one of three groups: schema therapy, imago therapy, or control group. Interventions in two groups of schema therapy and imago therapy were held in parallel during 12 sessions of 90 minutes in groups and weekly. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test with repeated measures were used. In these analyzes, the effect of the control variable was removed from the dependent variable and then the groups were compared with each other. Results: The results showed that no significant difference was observed between the groups in the pretest. But in the post-test and follow-up, there was a significant difference between the mean of love addiction and rejection sensitivity in schema therapy and imago therapy with the mean of the control group at the level of p <0.01. Imago therapy approach was more effective in the love addiction variable than the rejection sensitivity variable in the schema therapy approach. Conclusion: The results showed that schema therapy and imago therapy have a significant effect on sensitivity to rejection and love addiction compared to the control group in people involved in emotional divorce. Comparison of the two treatments showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of the rejection sensitivity variable by schema therapy and the mean of the imago group. It also showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of schema therapy and imago therapy in reducing the variable of love addiction and this difference was in favor of the imago therapy group. The results in the follow-up phase are stable. We believe that the effectiveness of schema therapy is due to structural changes in the patient's personality, which is the goal of any schema therapist, and not only because of symptom improvements as a result of structural changes, but also due to initial emotional irregularity due to maladaptive regulatory strategy. Pathologies), gives way to emotional regulation (adults). Schema therapy and the need for new therapies, which can bring complete recovery to patients, will be a powerful boost to the study of new clinical applications of this model (34). Imago therapy training promotes dialogue between spouses, increases self-understanding and understanding of spouses, understanding of one's own childhood and spouse's childhood, as well as self-confidence (46). According to research, love addiction seems to be abundant in people who have an insecure attachment style as a child and have a dependent personality and abandonment-instability schema. In fact, it is the prominent role of childhood that can have a significant impact on the creation of early maladaptive schemas as well as the creation of dependent characters and as a result addiction to love and emotional relationships in adulthood. Sensitivity to rejection often leads to distortions and misinterpretations of one's spouse's actions. Rejected children are also more likely to behave aggressively. People who experience high levels of rejection sensitivity experience greater levels of psychological anxiety if rejected. In fact, people addicted to love typically lose interest in activities outside of romantic relationships such as close friends, hobbies, and sports. And experience academic or work difficulties due to lack of focus on other areas of life (47). The present study, like other researches in the field of behavioral sciences, has faced limitations. Available sampling method Instead of nonrandom sampling, use self-reporting tool that can be considered as an internal interfering variable. schema therapy and imago therapy can be used to reduce the effect of rejection sensitivity and imago therapy can be used to reduce the variable of love addiction in people involved in emotional divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Endometriosis is a common female disorder that affects 6 to 10% of women. Histologically, endometriosis is the excessive appearance of fibrotic tissue around the stroma and endometrial glands. Fibrosis in endometriosis is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays critical roles in various diseases (1). B-catenin plays the main role of wnt intracellular transformation pathway in vertebrates. B-catenin is a multifunctional protein that functions both as a transcriptional and as a membrane and cytoskeleton interface protein (2). Several studies have shown that aberrant activation of wnt/b-catenin signaling may play a role in the pathology of endometriosis (3, 4). On the other hand, it has been shown that the lack of movement and vitamins lead to the creation of various factors in the development of diseases, and various factors such as immune system defects, genetics, hormones and environmental conditions have an effect on the improvement of the disease. In order to reduce the symptoms of the disease, increase the healing process and improve the quality of life of the patients, researchers emphasize the implementation of appropriate interventions (5). It has been shown that aerobic exercises are one of the training methods to improve the performance of infertility and women's diseases. Studies show that low-intensity aerobic training, by creating a protective mechanism, reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress in uterine tissue, systemic inflammation, and as a result improves immune responses (14). It has also been shown that vitamin E reduces the pain caused by endometriosis by inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid and also inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin through the action on phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenar enzymes (18, 19). The results of the investigation by Giampolino et al. (2019) indicate that there is a direct relationship between the group of vitamins and the recovery of endometriosis (20). In general, endometriosis is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology, and most of the details of this disease are still unknown; Therefore, the need for extensive research to obtain information for the pathophysiology of this disease is essential. Therefore, according to the studies conducted, no research was found on the role of physical activity and vitamin consumption, especially vitamin E, on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway of endometriosis rats, so in the present study, the researcher seeks to answer this question. Does a period of regular swimming exercises and vitamin E consumption have an effect on the changes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in ovarian tissue of endometriosis model mice? Methods: Methods: This study was of an experimental type, and 30 8-week-old female Wistar rats with an average weight of 202/85±15/62 grams were purchased from Pasteur Institute. In order to create an endometriosis model, first, adult rats were anesthetized using ketamine and xylazine. Then, using a scalpel, an incision was made in the skin of the flank area in the pelvic area. After opening the abdominal muscle and the peritoneal area, first, the ovarian tissue was removed along with a part of the fallopian tube tissue. Then it was placed in a sterile container with one cc of PBS (phosphate buffer solution). Then each tissue was cut into one piece by one millimeter. The tissue pieces, which were 4 pieces for each mouse, were transplanted to the right pelvic muscle wall area, to the abdominal peritoneum area, to the anterior abdominal wall muscle area, and to the fat around the ovary. Then, the surgical area was sutured and the mice were transferred to the corresponding cage (22). After the induction of the model, the mice were randomly divided into 6 healthy control groups, sham, endometriosis, endometriosis + vitamin E, endometriosis + swimming, endometriosis + swimming + vitamin E. The endometriosis group remained two weeks after the creation of the model until the end of the study, and the healthy control group was maintained for 8 weeks, and the endometriosis + vitamin E group started receiving the supplement on a daily basis and in the form of gavage two weeks after the creation of the model. The amount of 200 kg/mg body weight of rats was maintained for 8 weeks until the end of the study. The rats of the endometriosis + swimming groups swam 5 days a week until the end of the research period in a water tank with dimensions of 50 x 50 x 100 cm with a temperature of 30-32 degrees Celsius during 8 weeks. . The duration of training in water was 30 minutes daily until the end of the training period (23). In order to eliminate the acute effect of swimming training and vitamin E consumption, animal sampling was done 48 hours after the last swimming training program and vitamin E consumption. For this purpose, first the animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed, and after sacrifice, the transplanted tissues related to the endometrial area were evaluated for histology and genetic studies. Real time PCR technique was used to examine the expression of wnt and β-catenin genes in each group. After the laboratory analysis of the tissue samples, considering the normality of the distribution of the data from the parametric test including the one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test at the significance level of P≤0.05 to investigate the changes in wnt gene expression and β-catenin was used. All statistical operations were performed using SPSS23 software. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the research variables are presented in Table 2. Data analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between different research groups in the expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin genes (p═0.044, 0.048). The results of the follow-up test also showed that the expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin genes in the endometriosis group were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p═0.035, 0.014). Swimming, vitamin E, and a combination of swimming + vitamin E were associated with a decrease in Wnt and βcatenin gene expression, and the endometriosis + swimming + vitamin E group had a significant decrease in β-catenin gene expression compared to endometriosis and endometriosis + vitamin E (p ═0.048, p ═0.05) and a non-significant decrease in Wnt gene expression (p═0.464, p═0.730). Conclusion: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling cascade that plays a prominent role in various biological processes and the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as early embryonic development as well as organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. . Although the Wnt/β-catenin pathway exhibits many benefits, its dysregulation causes a wide range of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease (24, 25). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin has also been reported in patients with endometriosis or endometrial cancer. Abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the endometrium can lead to both embryo implantation failure and severe endometrial pathogenic changes such as endometrial cancer and endometriosis (26). Also, evidence shows that patients with endometriosis have higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines (27). In order to reduce these symptoms, increase the healing process and the quality of life of patients, researchers have emphasized the implementation of appropriate interventions (28). Studies have shown that the consumption of food supplements and vitamins such as vitamin E, as well as exercising, controls the amount of estrogen in the body and helps to reduce the symptoms of endometriosis (29). In the current research, the effect of a swimming training program along with vitamin E consumption on the changes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in endometriosis model mice was investigated. One of the important results of the current research is the abnormal increase in the levels of Wnt and βcatenin in the endometriosis model rats compared to the healthy group, which decreased with the intervention of exercise and vitamin E compared to the endometriosis group. In general, the results of the current research indicate that the regulation of Wnt and β-catenin gene expression in the normal state in the process of endometriosis can improve the level of this disease, and swimming exercises and the simultaneous consumption of vitamin E in the normal state of the Wnt /β-catenin pathway will be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Depression is a feeling of extreme sadness and grief that can range from mild frustration to a feeling of great despair (1). Depression affects the quality of married life of individuals and impairs their performance more than anxiety disorders and as much as the most common medical diseases (2). In this regard, the development of intimacy between spouses is the first step towards creating a desirable marriage (5); Therefore, establishing and maintaining intimate relationships in marriage is a skill and an art that, in addition to early mental health and healthy experiences, requires the acquisition of skills and the performance of special tasks (6). In this regard, research shows that the root of many marital problems is the lack of intimacy and communication problems between spouses (2). Dissatisfaction with intimacy may lead to increased conflicts, decreased marital satisfaction, and emotional and psychological problems (7); In today's society, couples have severe and pervasive problems to establish and maintain an intimate relationship, and often seek treatment to re-establish levels of trust and satisfaction in their relationship, especially issues related to emotional-communication ties with important people in life (9). People who have difficulty developing intimacy often seek counseling for their marital problem, while increasing and improving intimacy is often one of the goals of couple therapy (7). Therefore, various therapeutic interventions have been performed with people with low quality marital relationships, and it has been confirmed that one of the effective therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of marital relationships and promote marital intimacy is to enrich marital life training based on Glaser theory of reality therapy. Considering the above and the importance of married life on the one hand, the negative impact of depression on life on the other hand and considering the impact of reality therapy on married life, therefore, by reviewing research conducted at home and abroad, research on the impact of reality therapy on Intimacy and marital satisfaction have not been performed in depressed married women. On the other hand, policymakers, researchers and psychotherapists in our country have not paid much attention to preventive methods and these methods need more scientific study, so the present study is necessary. Methods: For the present quasi-experimental and applied research, which was conducted with the experimental and control group and the pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up research plan, 30 depressed women referred to two counseling and psychology centers in Mashhad in 1398 (94 people) were 30 people. They were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups: reality therapy and control. After completing the consent form, they completed the Walker and Thompson Marriage Intimacy Questionnaire (1983) and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989). Then, the subjects of the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes under the reality therapy program of Duba et al. (2009). Immediately after the intervention and two months later, the questionnaires were completed again by the subjects Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Shapirovilk tests, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc using SPSS software version 23 were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The results showed that the mean marital intimacy of the experimental groups in the post-test stage increased compared to the pre-test. It was also found that group reality therapy intervention compared to the control group increased marital intimacy after the test and stability in the follow-up phase of married women. It was also found that the difference between the mean of marital intimacy between pre-test and post-test and follow-up stages was significant (P = 0.001) but the mean difference between post-test and follow-up was not significant, indicating that the results in follow-up did not return and the effect of intervention was stable. . Another finding showed that the average marital satisfaction of married women in the experimental group increased in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. It was also found that group reality therapy intervention compared to the control group increased marital satisfaction after the test and stability in the follow-up phase in married women. The results of post hoc test showed that the mean of marital satisfaction between pre-test and post-test and follow-up stages was significant (P = 0.001) but the mean difference between post-test and follow-up was not significant, indicating that the results in follow-up stage did not return and the effect of intervention was stable. have been. Conclusion: The results showed that the mean of marital intimacy in the experimental group increased in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. It was also found that training has been able to affect marital intimacy in the post-test and follow-up stages, and this effect has remained stable until two months after the end of training, according to the results of the Bephrone post hoc test. In the above explanation, it can be said that in reality therapy, it emphasizes on cultivating a sense of responsibility to satisfy the basic needs of oneself and one's spouse and liberation from external control; Therefore, people may not have paid enough attention to their own needs and the needs of the other party, because meeting each other's needs in the marital relationship is one of the important factors in improving marital intimacy; However, attending reality therapy training sessions has been able to draw their attention to these important issues and to consider them in practice (2). Therefore, teaching how to look at these needs and meet them has been able to help couples. (20). As a result of reality therapy training, awareness about the intensity of couples' needs and creating a sense of responsibility has increased, and as a result, satisfying their needs has been able to play an important role in creating and improving sincere relationships. Another finding showed that the mean of marital satisfaction in the experimental group increased in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. It was also found that these trainings were able to affect marital satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up stages, and this effect remained stable until two months after the end of the training. In explaining the results in terms of the effect of reality therapy, it can be said that Glasser's emphasis on accepting responsibility for each person's behavior helps people to examine and examine their own behavior instead of addressing their spouse's behavior and putting him or her under a magnifying glass. Play their part in problems and reduce marital satisfaction And thus improve their relationships; Reality therapy counselors based on Glasser's concepts try to increase couples 'trust, intimacy and marital satisfaction in their clinical interventions by increasing responsibility in couples and teaching communication skills, and strengthen couples' sense of commitment; Another factor that Glasser considers effective in strengthening and stabilizing marital relations is the couple's attention to each other's wants and needs; They learn to satisfy their own and their spouse's needs through loving behaviors (22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: In the last two decades, education experts have paid more attention to the categories of cognition and motivation. Cognition involves some mental abilities and actions such as knowledge, comprehension, recognition and thinking, and motivation is related to issues such as emotion, attitude and evaluation (1). In this regard, motivation for academic achievement is one of the most important issues in the field of educational psychology and in this regard is considered as one of the most important predictors of academic performance. Research has shown the effect of cognitive processes and motivational variables as appropriate predictors of academic achievement as independent variables (1,2). One of the major variables that affect academic motivation is learning strategies. And one of the components of these learning strategies is the metacognitive strategy that is used in natural learning processes as self-regulatory learning (3). Another component that seems to be related to self-regulatory learning and academic achievement is self-efficacy. Which can affect almost everything, from mental states to behaviors and motivations (7). In general, adolescence is a period of evolutionary cycle during which self-efficacy beliefs affect psychological outcomes. In this period, people face new challenges and how to cope and adapt to these challenges is partly influenced by the individual's self-efficacy beliefs (8). Considering the above and the importance of self-efficacy and motivation in academic achievement on the one hand and the importance of controlling behaviors for academic achievement on the other hand, so unfortunately with the review of research conducted inside and outside the country, research on the subject was not found. For this reason, the researcher seeks to answer the question of whether the training of self-regulatory learning guides (cognitive and metacognitive) affects the components of self-efficacy, academic motivation and students' mental health or not? Methods: The present study is experimental. To conduct this research, 46 first-year female students (second year) of Astara high schools who were studying in the 97- 96 academic year were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly selected. The two groups (23 experimental and 23 control) were divided. Then the questionnaires of motivational beliefs and self-regulatory learning strategies (MSLQ), academic motivation (AMS) and general health (GHQ 28) to collect data in the pre-test by Subjects completed. Subjects in the experimental group were trained in self-regulated learning strategies for two sessions per week for eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Finally descriptive statistics and Shapirovillek test, paired t-test and independent t-test using SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of the experimental group in the post-test increased compared to the pre-test in the components of self-efficacy and academic motivation and decreased in the component of mental health (Table 1). On the other hand, it was found that there was a significant difference between the subjects in the experimental group who were trained in self-regulated learning strategies and the control group who did not receive any training in the variables of self-efficacy and academic motivation at the level of (p <5%). There is. But this difference is not seen in the mental health component. (Table 2). Conclusion: The results indicate the effect of teaching cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies on the variables of self-efficacy and academic motivation, but this effect was not observed in the mental health variable. It is possible to create a greater sense of autonomy and self-efficacy by changing the conditions of teaching and learning so that students can play a more active role in their learning process. Therefore, it is suggested to consider self-regulatory strategies as part of educational interventions in order to make learners more efficient. Another result of this study was increasing academic motivation in students who have benefited from the training of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. This result is also consistent with the findings of Poor Mohammad and Esmaeilpour (2015). They had high motivation and academic achievement (1). Another result of the present study was that teaching learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) could not increase the mental health of students in the experimental group. This result is consistent with the findings of Tavakolizadeh (2011). He rejected the effect of teaching cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies on the mental health of second year middle school male students. The results showed that teaching learning strategies in the experimental group compared to the control group did not show a significant difference in terms of mental health status (19). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Conflict is an inevitable fact of human existence that can arise among members of a team such as a professional basketball team. Basketball coaches, as team leaders, must identify and manage the sources of conflict between players. This is important because of the human and social nature of sports can also happen in women's basketball. The premise of this issue is that lack of conflict control in the team reduces the effectiveness of the team. Some coaches in teams perform better when there is a conflict in the team and have a different relationship with other coaches, and some coaches seem to lack strategies for resolving the conflict to increase effectiveness in be a team.No systematic review of the use of conflict management and problem-solving strategies and communication with players and the effectiveness of the basketball team, especially among Iranian women coaches, has been examined. Understanding how to select aspiring coaches may be helpful to the players and managers who work with these club coaches. Coaches can help players and stakeholders develop coping skills to compensate for the problem-solving aspects preferred by teammates. The value of the present study is that, since so far little has been reported on the value of conflict management strategies, conflict identification and the process that coaches go through at different stages of the basketball game, especially when some of these processes These include team members' conflicts. A conflict can affect a period of competition, and a loss can overshadow the performance of players and coaches and eventually be transferred to the team. Therefore, considering the importance of psychological components in problem solving management, the aim of the present study was the effect of conflict management psychology components on the effectiveness of women's basketball teams. Methods: The present research method is descriptive and falls within the scope of field research. Initially, in order to obtain the number of coaches present in the competitions, the 2021-2022 period was prepared by interacting with the competitions section of the basketball federation, a complete list of teams, and telephone numbers, supervisors and head coaches, and questionnaires were distributed online among coaches. For the effectiveness of the teams, the results and ranking of the matches were used from the official website of the Basketball Federation, which is publicly available. The researcher was responsive at all stages of completing the questionnaire to any ambiguities and doubts that educators may have encountered. The statistical population included all the coaches of Iranian women's basketball club leagues. Statistical sample was obtained from the coaches of 41 teams, leagues (category 2, category 1 and superior) of Iranian adult women's basketball club, which included 118 coaches (37, league coaches 1, 44, coaches of league 2 and 37 coaches of Premier League). Collected. The sampling method was non-random (targeted). Three different instruments were used for measurement. The research questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first section collects demographic information from coaches, demographic questions about age, coaching degree, education, coaching experience, and work experience with the current team. The second and third sections show the main research questionnaires that mention their psychometric properties: Robbins Conflict Management Strategies Questionnaire was used as a research tool in this study. This questionnaire measures five conflict management styles in three cases. The measurement tool includes a conflict management strategies questionnaire that includes 30 questions in three dimensions of competition, cooperation and avoidance. The coach-athlete relationship questionnaire consisted of 11 items and was used in three subscales of commitment, closeness / intimacy and complement / complementarity, and the intimacy and closeness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software with a confidence level of 0,05. Both the independent variable and the dependent variables were quantitative and continuous and were measured at the distance scale level; hence, the statistical model was multivariate regression. Predictions of the effectiveness of the results and performance of the teams that led to their wins and losses were obtained from the official website of the Basketball Federation. Finally, structural equation modeling was performed using LISREL software. Results: According to Pearson correlation coefficients, it can be said that there is a significant positive relationship between the component of "no coping strategy" related to "conflict management strategies" and "effectiveness". Thus, with the increase of "nonconfrontation strategy" component in the coaches of women's basketball teams, "effectiveness" also increases and with its decrease, "effectiveness" also decreases in the coaches of women's basketball teams. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the "complementary / complementary" component related to "coachplayer interaction" and "effectiveness". Thus, with the increase of "complementary" component in the coaches of women's basketball teams, "effectiveness" also increases and with its decrease, "effectiveness" also decreases in the coaches of women's basketball teams. It can also be argued that no significant relationship was observed between the components of "commitment" and "closeness / intimacy" related to "coach-player interaction" and "effectiveness". Conclusion: The results showed that the model with emphasis on these indicators has a fit and has high efficiency in describing the relationships between variables and explaining the effectiveness variable through the variables of conflict management strategy and coach-player interaction. The experimental results of this dissertation also provide more support for the concept of the use of conflict management strategies using analysis at the team evaluation level. This means that team coaches are close to each other in their general tendencies to deal with team conflicts with effectiveness in understanding management, and the role of avoidance strategy means that coaches understand conflict management. Therefore, the results of this article can be helpful in contemporary and future trends in basketball management factors, and coaches can use conflict management to improve the results and improve the player-coach relationship by guiding effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: One of the challenges for middle school students is learning mathematics. Researches show that due to the complex nature of mathematics, using effective and efficient self-regulation learning strategies and having motivation is related to success in mathematics. Measuring self-regulated learning is one of the research fields that play a key role both in developing theory and for intervention. Historically, the tools used to measure self-regulated learning rely on researchers' conceptualizations of self-regulated learning as a construct and have been used to expand theories. To measure self-regulated learning, various tools and methods have been used, such as structured interviews, self-report questionnaires, as well as direct measurement of students' behaviors, such as behavioral effects and observing behaviors. To measure self-regulation, several self-report questionnaires have been created, among which we can refer to the self-regulation questionnaire, self-regulation questionnaire, motivational strategies questionnaire for learning, academic self-regulation learning scale, and teacher scoring scale of self-regulation strategy list. All these questionnaires, except the selfregulation strategy list questionnaire, have been translated into Farsi and their psychometric properties have been studied. Self-report questionnaires are considered to be the most widely used tools for measuring self-regulated learning and have many benefits such as ease and low cost of design, implementation, and scoring, and they allow students to report their thoughts and motivational thoughts that are not visible to others. Mathematics requires solving multistage problems, learning different strategies, and using concepts correctly. For example, students who have high progress in mathematics often use self-regulated learning strategies effectively and efficiently when learning different theories and applying ideas, while students who have poor progress in Mathematics students use these strategies to a lesser extent. Learning strategies and self-regulation are some of the most important factors influencing the quality of learning. The purpose of this study was to predict math self-efficacy based on selfregulation processes and determine the convergent validity of the self-regulation learning strategies questionnaire with the math self-efficacy source scale? Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional and correlational survey. After approving the proposal and receiving the implementation license from the university and coordination with the Education Department of Saveh City, 610 students (317 girls and 293 boys) of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of the first secondary school online and by sampling method in Available were selected. To collect data, study questionnaires were first uploaded to Google Docs; then their link was provided to the school officials, and with their help, it was provided to the participants. In the end, after completing the number of samples to the appropriate extent, the data collection was stopped. To maintain confidentiality, the students were assured that the information obtained from the research would be analyzed as a group and that their individual information would remain completely confidential. At the end of the data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used, which were analyzed in the SPSS software environment. Results: The results showed that self-regulation was a predictor of students' mathematical selfefficacy (p=0.05, β=0.76). Also, the self-regulation questionnaire had a convergence validity of 0.874 with the mathematical self-efficacy questionnaire. The coefficients of recognition power indicate that all the items of the questionnaire on self-efficacy strategies have good and high recognition power because most of the correlation coefficients of the item-total score are above 0.40 and the highest recognition coefficient is related to item 24 and the lowest recognition coefficient is related to items 15 and 22. The correlation between students' scores in the self-regulation questionnaire and its subscales with their scores in the math self-efficacy questionnaire showed that all coefficients are statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.01, which indicates the convergent validity of the self-regulation questionnaire. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it can be said that students who use more self-regulated learning strategies have a higher sense of mathematical selfefficacy and vice versa; That is, students who use little self-regulated learning strategies have a lower sense of self-efficacy in mathematics and do not consider themselves competent and competent in terms of mathematics. The feeling of self-efficacy increases the student's selfconfidence and interest in studying. Increasing self-confidence and interest in the lesson makes the student try to use all the available methods and facilities to learn mathematics. It makes the student try to act independently in learning mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: A person's attitude towards drugs is a type of thinking that may be logical or irrational. This type of attitude is often spontaneous, unconscious and permanent and cannot be easily changed. One of the methods that helps an addict to get to know himself is to examine the type of attitude and create a negative attitude towards addiction. Researchers have identified various reasons, including pressure from friends and peers, rebellion against parents, escape from life's adversities, emotional turmoil, alienation or rejection by others, life history, attachment styles and personality traits. Addiction is considered effective. As mentioned, one of the important factors that can have a significant effect on a person's attitude towards addiction is the person's attachment style. Many believe that addiction is a coping mechanism and attachment style can play an important role in the development of addiction, such as addiction to smoking, drugs, alcohol, and the InternetIn general, despite the fact that the student period is a sensitive and risky period and there is a possibility that students will be drawn towards drug use and addiction, modifying students' attitudes towards drugs can help prevent addiction in the university and society. May it be useful. In this regard, the current research intends to investigate the role of attachment styles and emotional schemas in predicting the general attitude towards addiction among students; Therefore, the researcher is looking for an answer to this question: do attachment styles and emotional schemas predict the general attitude towards addiction in students? Methods: The current research is descriptive (correlation) and survey in terms of its purpose and applied. The statistical population of this research includes all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch in the academic year 2019-2019. available (online method due to the spread of corona disease through virtual networks by distributing the link of the online questionnaire-press online-) participated in the research. The attempt was to select the sample in such a way that all students such as natives and non-natives, girls, boys and different faculties should be present in the research. Results: After higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment has the largest contribution in predicting attitude towards addiction. The correlation coefficient of these three variables with the attitude towards addiction is 0.437, and these three variables have been able to predict nearly 20% of the changes in the attitude towards addiction, which is significant. The weight of avoidant attachment (B=0.246) (t=3.684) shows that this variable with 99% confidence can, along with variables of higher values and mental rumination, attitude In relation to addiction, in this research sample, explain that if the study sample is generalized to the main population, the weight of avoidant attachment will be 0.246 (Beta), finally, the higher the score of avoidant attachment, the more positive attitude towards addiction. It will be more. Table 3 shows that about 20% of the total variance of attitude towards addiction is explained by higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment. Other variables did not have a significant role in predicting positive attitude towards addiction. Conclusion: The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' attitudes towards addiction based on attachment styles and emotional schemas. The results of the regression analysis showed that higher values, mental rumination and avoidant attachment in three steps are able to explain about 20% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction in a meaningful way in students. These schemas cause bias in people's interpretations of events, and these biases manifest themselves in interpersonal psychopathology in the form of misunderstandings, distorted attitudes, false assumptions, unrealistic goals and expectations. When emotional schemas are activated, it negatively causes bias in information. On the other hand, the temptation of materials goes through a process and each of the parts of this process can have a different contribution in speeding up this process, which according to the contribution of each one can prevent the temptation. This cycle starts with an arousing stimulus, and this stimulus, by affecting each part of the process, causes the person to be tempted. Inconsistent emotional schemas such as mental rumination increase temptation in people suffering from substance abuse. Maladaptive emotional schemas, such as being uncontrollable, which mainly refer to the suppression, avoidance and non-acceptance of emotions, prevent emotional processing and lead the person to use ineffective strategies, causing the continuation and intensification of unpleasant emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The concept of readiness for change has been proposed in organizational studies. Due to its abstract nature, there is a willingness to change different definitions of this structure. Readiness for change is defined as individual beliefs, feelings, and intentions about the limits and capacity of the organization to successfully implement changes and that this amount of changes will be beneficial for themselves and their organization. Researchers emphasize that it is necessary to prepare for change before any planning, implementation, and change management. The first stage of Lewin's modification model shows unfreezing (opening) when the perspective of change is agreed upon. At this stage, people are involved and affected by possible changes in what is happening. Readiness for change is the basis of a person's willingness to progress in the "change process". Researchers in this field have always been asked the question of what factors affect readiness for change. Most researchers examine the factors related to readiness for change in two categories: individual and organizational factors. Individual factors for predicting individual readiness for change include self-management, personal capacity, values and beliefs, demographic characteristics, general attitudes, self-efficacy, individual resilience, variety of skills, emotional commitment, health, and Compatibility noted. The researchers in the studies conducted on the preparation for change are of the same opinion on the issue that the main and central cognitions and beliefs provide the preparations for the preparation for change. Beliefs, as relatively stable structures, are one of the most important individual characteristics that can explain a large part of a person's feelings and thoughts. It seems that an individual's readiness for change can be the result of a person's positive beliefs about himself and the world. On the other hand, social-cognitive theorists consider factors related to the individual (beliefs, motivation, and personality) as mediators between external stimuli and behavior. Therefore, it seems that examining the role of beliefs, motivation, and personality in readiness for change will help to fully and comprehensively understand this structure. Personality is one of the durable and unique characteristics that can change in response to different situations. Because among the personality traits identified by personality theorists and the five big factors of personality i.e. neuroticism, extroversion, openness, adaptability, and conscientiousness have been agreed upon by psychological experts. The theory of self-determination shows that the optimal functioning of Rome requires satisfaction and three psychological needs for autonomy (understanding the source of the internal cause), competence (feeling effective), and connection (feeling a meaningful connection with others). The researchers suggested that instead of making a list of independent variables that predict individual readiness for change, researchers should investigate the factors that mediate or moderate these relationships, in a detailed manner of the readiness profile. To clarify the change. In general, despite the existence of many theories and research in the field of readiness for change, it is necessary to explain the factors related to it. In this research, the role of self-determination as a mediating variable is investigated. It seems necessary to examine the effective factors in individual preparation for change in the student society, which can play an important role in the implementation of change programs. The researches that have been conducted so far on the structure of readiness for change are mostly in the field of organizational management and organizational change. According to the researcher's searches, no research was found that examined the relationship between readiness for change and basic beliefs and personality traits, and self-determination. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fit the structural model, to predict readiness for change based on basic beliefs and personality traits with the mediation of self-determination in students. Methods: Descriptive-correlation research method and structural equation modeling analysis method. The research population includes all undergraduate students in the faculties located at Azad Rodhen University, who were selected as a sample using the method suggested by Schumacher and Lomax (2004) and the multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they were asked to fill in the questionnaires. They answered and after removing the distorted questionnaires, finally, 375 questionnaires were examined. To collect data from the questionnaires of Neo McGarry and Costa (1985), basic beliefs of Kathleen Webstein (1992), readiness for change, Slow (2006), and self-determination with basic psychological needs. LaGuardia et al. (2000) were used. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that all fit indices support the optimal processing of the structural model of the research with the collected data. Among the personality factors, openness and extroversion are positive, and neuroticism and conscientiousness factors negatively and significantly predict readiness for change. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that cognitive-social factors and personal factors (beliefs, motivation, and personality) are considered mediators between external stimuli and behavior. The current research, like most research, has limitations that it seems logical to recognize in order to conduct future research and try to reduce or eliminate these limitations. The current research was conducted on undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Rodhan branch, so caution should be taken in generalizing its findings to other students. The lack of familiarity of many students with research and research affairs was managed with the briefing session. Only using self-report questionnaires, especially for evaluating thoughts was one of the limitations. Therefore, it is suggested to examine the research topic in other regions of the country due to the existence of different cultural and ethnic conditions in order to examine and compare the research results with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: In general, divorce is the most common destructive consequence of conflict, and the high rate of divorce in Western countries confirms it, so that its prevalence reaches more than 50% (5). Various factors are influential in divorce, one of them is schemas. A schema is an abstract representation of the distinctive features and salient elements of an event. Many primary schemas are formed early in life and confirm themselves in later life experiences, even if they are no longer applicable (8). But one of the variables that is related to the pathology of marital relations is cognitive flexibility (13). Cognitive flexibility is a person's assessment of the controllability of the situation, which changes in different situations (13). Cognitive flexibility enables a person to deal effectively with pressures, challenges and other emotional and social issues. Flexibility means abilities such as changing a person's perspective or adapting to rules, demands and new environmental conditions (14). Considering the above contents and the negative impact of divorce on personal and social life on the one hand and because the effect of three variables of cognitive flexibility, primary maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation have not been analyzed together in predicting the tendency to divorce, also specifying the variables Related to divorce, in order to prevent this social problem, the researcher is trying to answer the question whether the divorce tendency score can be predicted based on cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, and initial incompatible schemas in Iranian couples living in Iran and Canada? Methods: The current research is practical and of the correlational type, and to do it, 250 couples (140 couples living in Iran and 110 Iranian couples living in Canada) were selected from among the Iranian couples who were inside Iran and Canada and 5 years had passed since their marriage. The condition of having the conditions to enter the research (having at least 5 years of cohabitation among couples living in Iran and couples living in Canada, having at least 3 years of living experience among couples living in Canada and informed consent to participate in the research) by available sampling method were selected as samples. Also, the criteria for withdrawing from the research were unwillingness to continue participating in the research and undergoing psychiatric or psychotherapy treatment. Couples living in Iran, men or women, living in areas 9, 10, and 11 of Mashhad Municipality and couples living in Canada were among the people who referred (men or women) to financial advisors in Toronto in the summer, fall, and winter of 2017 (from July 2018 to March 2019). . Then, all the subjects were asked the Johnson and Morrow (1986) Divorce Propensity Questionnaires, Young (1990) (short form, third edition, 90 items), Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010) cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation (Gross and John, 2003) completed. Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Kalmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression at the first type error level of 0.05 and SPSS software version 21 were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Based on the results obtained from Table 1, the correlation between initial incompatible schemas with the divorce tendency score was positive and the correlation between cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation with the divorce tendency score was negative. According to Table 2, the standard regression coefficient (beta) for self-directedness is 0.500, impaired performance is 0.713, cutting and rejection is 0.816, impaired limitation is 0.231. According to the statistical value of t obtained from the variables of self-management and impaired functioning, other orientation, cut and rejection, the impaired limitation predicts the tendency to divorce is positive and significant. Based on the results obtained from Table 3, the correlation between initial incompatible schemas with the divorce tendency score was positive and the correlation between cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation with the divorce tendency score was negative. Based on Table 4, it is clear that the standard regression coefficient (beta) for cognitive flexibility is -0.280, self-management and impaired performance is 0.251. According to the statistical value of t obtained from the variable of self-management and impaired performance, the prediction of the tendency to divorce is positive and significant, and for the variable of cognitive flexibility, the prediction of the tendency to divorce is negative and significant. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, cognitive flexibility and selfmanagement and dysfunctional performance were able to predict the divorce tendency score in couples living in Canada, it can be concluded that family communication patterns, motivational structure and psychological flexibility were the factors affecting the emotional divorce of spouses. . Therefore, the results of the present study can be used to prevent couples from divorcing. Also, the results indicated that there was a negative and inverse relationship between emotion regulation and the tendency to divorce. In marital conflicts, revenge and spite had given place to compatibility; They regulated their negative emotions and responded positively. People with emotional instability and impulsivity were considered undesirable spouses, while people with stability and open and expressive emotions had happier relationships. In this way, it is clear that emotion regulation is an important principle in determining the quality of the relationship. In the life of most couples, there are differences, but how to manage these emotional impulses is important. Relationships serve as the primary developmental context for the successful acquisition of emotion regulation skills. Conversely, emotion regulation skills are a prerequisite for full engagement in social relationships. People who enter adulthood and married life without these skills face problems (31). The results of the correlation test showed that there was a relationship between the initial incompatible schemas and the tendency to divorce. To clarify this result, it can be said that the increase of these schemas was associated with the increase of divorce. With the increase in the presence of primary incompatible schemas, marital satisfaction and intimacy decreased. According to Yang and Brown (2005), early maladaptive schemas are self-damaging emotional and cognitive patterns that are the result of not meeting basic needs in the child's primary environment in relation to parents and are repeated throughout life and affect the interpretation of experiences and Relationships with others are affected (33). Because incompatible schemas are ineffective, they lead to dissatisfaction and lack of intimacy in marital relationships and provide the basis for separation, and that is why divorce occurs. According to Yang, those whose schemas are placed in the field of rejection and exclusion cannot establish a safe and satisfying relationship with others and believe that they do not need stability, security, love and belonging (34). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Currently, insurances and their coverage is an important issue for people in society, during which health can progress or decline and help to improve social and economic security and reduce people's concern in accessing health services. Treatment, prevention of poverty due to disease, creation of a healthy and dynamic society and economic growth, etc., ultimately leading to the strengthening of national security. Disclosure of financial information of insurance companies is necessary because if insurance companies do not plan and implement strategies properly and do not review them according to environmental changes, it will lead to bankruptcy. In the area of financial disclosure of insurance companies, leaders must keep their team informed and share information freely, the most important role of a leader in such a system is to set a clear direction, be clear about how to get there and stay on track. The regulation "Reporting and Disclosure of Transparent Financial Information in Insurance Institutions" approved by the Supreme Council of Insurance, is currently the only document requiring the disclosure of information by insurance companies, the entirety of which alone does not meet the needs of this industry. In addition, despite the short time for the approval and implementation of corporate governance in Iran's insurance industry and the lack of full implementation of these regulations, the Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Securities and Exchange Organization and the resistance of commercial insurance companies, which can be a reason for weakness, Whether it is the inadequacy of the notified instructions and the lack of a mature, comprehensive and appropriate model or the lack of executive guarantee for its implementation, we are witnessing the weakness of financial reporting in Iran's insurance industry. One of the performance evaluation indicators of the insurance industry is the insurance penetration rate (dividing the production insurance premium over the GDP), which indicates the effect of the insurance industry on the GDP. This index does not have a good coefficient compared to the region and the world. Therefore, by effectively monitoring and guiding insurance companies through the "reporting transparency model", protecting the rights, assets and capital of shareholders and beneficiaries remains immune from managerial greed. At present, a large part of the structural problems of Iran's joint stock companies can be attributed to such things as the inefficiency of the companies' performance, not respecting the rights of the beneficiaries, the lack of accountability of the board of directors, and the lack of constant monitoring of the companies' performance. Since the health insurance system is the most important tool in providing, maintaining and promoting health, the lack of transparency of the financial information of the health insurance system will cause concern and anxiety in the society and weaken the national security, hence the purpose of this research. The design of the financial reporting transparency model is in the field of health insurance. Transparency is essential as a tool for the growth and development of society, therefore, the correct discovery and identification of factors affecting the transparency of financial reporting from the perspective of different groups can turn financial reports into an important source of reliable information for users. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the transparency of financial reporting in order to introduce the factors affecting the transparency of health insurance financial reporting. Methods: The statistical population consisted of 11 professors familiar with the subject of health insurance and accounting with at least ten years of experience, who were selected purposefully and using the snowball method. Also, in order to collect data, a questionnaire based on the DANP method was used. By reviewing the literature on the transparency of financial reporting and by reviewing the research literature and applying the opinion of expert using the fuzzy Delphi technique in the screening of factors, 54 factors affecting the transparency of financial reporting were identified and identified in 12 groups. Results: The findings showed that the factors affecting the transparency of financial reporting were categorized into 12 groups, which include the establishment of internal control system, meritocracy in the hiring of managers, evaluation of the quality of financial reporting, intra-unit political communication, intra-unit economic communication, transparency of financial reporting., economic development in health insurance, establishment of accounting standards, establishment of accounting rules and requirements, need for transparency of financial reporting, control over financial and operational policies of the company, pressure and competition of the capital market were categorized. The research results showed that the clarification of financial reporting procedures with a weight of 0.0345, the revaluation method in identifying assets with a weight of 0.0311, the existence of rent and political connections of individuals with a weight of 0.0309, and the application of the rules established in the company with a weight of 0.0308 were ranked first to fourth. Conclusion: Therefore, considering the importance of financial reporting transparency in insurance, it is recommended to the insurance organization to consider rewards and benefits for companies with high financial reporting transparency and punishments for companies with low financial reporting transparency, so that companies can improve their position from in terms of financial reporting transparency and appropriate information, they are taking steps. In this way, health insurance can benefit from the quality consequences of proper disclosure (such as optimal allocation of resources in the economy and information efficiency). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: There are different definitions of patient satisfaction provided by researchers. In general, the definition of patient satisfaction includes the patient's expectations and the excellence of health care and medical services (1). Various factors are involved in creating patient satisfaction, which include nursing care, medicine, support and various organizational departments (2). Information related to patient satisfaction can be used in many health-care facilities and designs and be effective in improving the quality of health care (1). The importance of patient satisfaction is that if this is achieved, the patient will establish a better and more appropriate relationship with the treatment team, and in this way, recovery will be accelerated. By building trust towards hospital personnel, the patient will be more cooperative in treatment procedures (3). According to the above content, it is clear that firstly, the level of patients' satisfaction with hospitals is very low compared to the rest of the world, and on the other hand, the conducted researches have considered other dimensions that are contrary to the dimensions of the present research. In the context of the subject, it has not been done in Gorgan hospitals, so in this study, we investigated the level of patients' satisfaction with the health and treatment services of Gorgan Philosophical Hospital in order to add a point to the existing information in this field in order to solve the existing deficiencies. For this purpose, a satisfaction questionnaire was completed by the patients and the obtained information was analyzed. Methods: The current research is a descriptive-cross-sectional type that was conducted in 1401. For this purpose, from among the patients who were admitted in the departments of internal medicine and male surgery (Milad), neurology and psychology (Aghaz), CCU, general department (Pegah), internal medicine and female surgery (Shafaq) and maternity ward, available during a 173 patients were selected as samples. Then, the satisfaction level of referring patients was investigated using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by the professors of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. The questionnaire contained demographic information including age, gender, level of education and the department where the patient was admitted. Questionnaire topics include security with one question, reception with two questions, department secretary with one question, medical staff with 5 questions, nursing staff with 8 questions, nutrition with 5 questions, laboratory with 3 questions, pharmacy with one question, discharge and cashier with 4 questions, imaging with 3 questions and amenities with 13 questions. Results: Out of 173 patients included in the study, 13 patients were excluded due to the incompleteness of the questionnaires and their lack of consent to participate in the study. A total of 160 patients were examined. The demographic information of the patients is presented in Table 1. According to the information obtained, the age of men was higher than the age of women, while the number of female participants was higher than that of men. The educational level of most of the participating patients (38%) was diploma and most of the patients (25%) from Milad department of the hospital participated in this The frequency distribution of patients based on different health and treatment services provided in Philosophical Hospital is presented in Table 1. The most satisfied was with "doctors' encounter" where 129 people (80.62 percent) gave an excellent answer. The lowest level of satisfaction was "providing necessary training regarding the amount of tariffs and service insurance coverage" where 83 people (51.87%) gave an excellent answer. Of course, the lowest level of satisfaction was related to "how to provide ambulance services" that not all patients used this service. The most weak answer was related to the question of "providing necessary information for admission" and 7 people (4.37) gave this answer. Conclusion: Based on the results, more than 50% of patients had an excellent opinion on all the services provided. In general, in the medical staff department with 5 services, on average, 73.25% of patients had an excellent opinion and 19.50% had a good opinion. In general, patients' satisfaction with the services of the nursing staff was slightly lower than that of the medical staff. The importance of satisfaction with nursing services is to the extent that it affects patients' satisfaction with the entire hospital services (6). In this regard, Aiken et al. (2018), in an extensive study on patients discharged from 161 British hospitals, point out the important role of the quality of nurses' work and the presence of the right number of professional and experienced nurses in patients' trust in nurses and doctors (7). In the nutrition department, on average, 63.22% of the patients gave an excellent response and 29.37% gave a good response to the service. The highest level of satisfaction was related to "time of food distribution" and the highest level of satisfaction was related to food quality. In the laboratory department, on average, 58.33% of patients gave an excellent response and 28.33% gave a good response to the service. In this department, the percentage of patients with no response was increasing. This result is worth considering. In the departments of pharmacy, discharge and fund, imaging and comfort facilities, the satisfaction of the patients gradually decreased, which should be noticed by the hospital officials. In the security department, reception and department secretary, the responses were mostly excellent and good. But the presence of 7 weak answers in "providing the necessary information at the time of admission" was significant and requires more cooperation of the admission staff. In this context, Moin et al. (2016) investigated the satisfaction of 400 patients with the emergency services in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Tehran. The findings showed that 91.3% of patients had satisfactory satisfaction. The highest level of satisfaction was with the medical staff. The lowest level of satisfaction was reported in the received costs, the facilities of the emergency department compared to the comfort facilities and park clinic affairs. They stated that the status of health insurances, activating hospital staff, equipping comfort facilities and finding committed and experienced human resources were the things that needed more attention from the managers of the mentioned hospital (3). In our study, similar to the study of Moin et al., satisfaction with the medical staff (doctors and nurses) was more than other services. Overall, patient satisfaction is one of the factors that increase patients' loyalty to the hospital and its services. In this regard, Yousefi et al. (2017), in the study of the factors affecting the loyalty of patients to the hospital brand in the educational and therapeutic hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, named three factors affecting the increase of loyalty, which are patient satisfaction, trust and commitment. to the relationship in the hospital (14). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today, human resources are considered the most important capital of organizations, and it is clear that people are the main factor in the survival of organizations in the field of competition With the complexity of the environment and the creation of diversity of different cultures and occupations, the role of human resources has gradually changed. Dynamic organizations to operate in this competitive world, in an effort to create opportunities for today's organizations, need creative, flexible and responsive forces and on the other hand, they are attracted to these talents, and organizations that cannot manage their human resources according to today's norms will be doomed. Career developments facing organizations have caused the strategies and plans that have been determined in advance to not respond to the future needs of the workforce in these organizations; Based on this, during the past decades, there has always been the issue of how to successfully implement the human resources talent management system in public organizations. Considering that both talent management and innovation agents seek to achieve a common goal, which is growth, development and effectiveness. It is possible to assume the point of intersection between these two variables. And in the meantime, it is very important to examine the effective components from the psychological and cognitive aspect such as emotional intelligence. Also, considering that the municipal sports organization of Tehran city needs talented human resources and providing new products with an innovative approach and improving the current business environment in order to achieve optimal effectiveness and efficiency according to its mission, conducting such a research at this time of Time seems necessary. Methods: The statistical sample of the present study included all the managers and experts of the sports organization of Tehran city in the number of 272 people who were selected in a purposeful way. The participants of Phillips and Roper's (2009) standard talent management questionnaire including 38 questions and four components, the emotional intelligence questionnaire of Brackett et al. They completed the component voluntarily. The instrument had good validity and reliability. In the data analysis section, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, the method of structural equation testing was used to test the hypotheses of this research using Lisrel software version 8.8. Results: The results show that the model had sufficient fit (RMSEA = 0.08) and the indices of IFI, GFI and NFI indices are.49, .43 and.41, respectively, which indicate the appropriate fit of the model. A significant causal relationship was reported between talent management and emotional intelligence of managers, also the relationship between talent management and organizational innovation was significant, in addition, talent management showed a significant causal effect through the mediating variable of emotional intelligence on organizational innovation. Conclusion: Although a review of the research conducted in this field shows that innovation in organizations is a growing scientific branch, but the effectiveness of talent management and its value creation is still not properly understood in sports organizations. In addition, the number of studies related to emotional intelligence and talent management in sports organizations is very small and requires more research in this field. Since employees with higher emotional intelligence overcome problems better and have a better relationship with their colleagues. The social self-awareness of the employees has increased and can have a favorable effect on the performance of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The family is the first and smallest social unit in which a person experiences collective life, and group and cooperative behavior for the first time and builds his cultural-social identity. A healthy person is the product of a healthy family, and social health is undoubtedly related to family health. The family is the most suitable system for meeting the material, mental and spiritual needs of human beings, and it has provided the best platform for providing the security and peace of mind of the members, raising the new generation, socializing the children, and meeting the emotional needs. For people, the starting point of family formation is when a man and a woman marry each other and get married to form a family. What is being paid attention to today, along with psychological issues, is the issue of cognitive flexibility. In general, the ability to change cognitive signs to adapt to changing environmental stimuli is the main element in operational definitions of cognitive flexibility. This factor requires the ability to communicate with the present and the ability to separate the person from inner thoughts and experiences. People with flexible thinking positively adjust and change their mental structure according to the environment and overcome stressful and stressful situations by accepting and tolerating them to achieve optimal mental health. Another component of research is perfectionism. Perfectionism is a motivational component that includes the individual's efforts to reach the perfect self; In other words, people have a strong drive for perfection, unrealistically high standards, compulsive effort, and all-or-nothing thinking about outcomes in the form of complete success or complete failure. These people are so scrutinizing and critical that they cannot accept their faults and mistakes or failures in different aspects of life. Of course, reaching perfection and flourishing hidden and potential talents and abilities is very valuable in itself, and in this valley, perfectionism is a positive and desirable thing, but what was mentioned is the extreme or negative aspect of perfectionism. The characteristics of perfectionism are defined in three dimensions: self-centered perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and societyoriented perfectionism. It seems that people's perfectionism originates from their illogical and distorted views and thoughts; therefore, to treat these people, it is necessary to be familiar with cognitive biases and thinking errors, as well as to identify how these errors appear in perfectionism. Various methods have been used to improve psychological components in people. One of these methods is a treatment based on acceptance and commitment, whose clinical effectiveness has been shown in various research to improve the psychological components of different people. Treatment is based on acceptance and commitment, which is a combination of ways of accepting and paying attention to awareness along with commitment and changing behavior, and this approach teaches people to accept their thoughts without judgment instead of challenging them, and the goal is to People should learn to identify their life values and plan and act based on them. Action therapy is one of the treatments of the third wave of behavioral therapy, which is theoretically based on the theory of the framework of mental relations, which is how the human mind creates suffering and the useless methods of dealing with it, as well as alternative contextual approaches for It explains these areas. The treatment based on acceptance and commitment is studied by teaching this point to the sample group, i.e. overweight women, life is mixed with suffering, man cannot approach his desires by avoiding and abstaining, and by distinguishing between tolerance and Accepting and emphasizing the point that tolerance is accompanied by suffering and hides passivity in itself while accepting pain (instead of suffering) is accompanied and does not stop a person from moving; Maybe it follows the weaving. Also, accepting the fact that a valuable life is accompanied by suffering and moving in the path of values requires commitment, and words do not replace experience and can strengthen the tolerance of failure. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to answer the question, is the therapy based on acceptance and commitment effective on cognitive flexibility and perfectionism in married women? Methods: The research method is semi-experimental with two experimental and control groups, and the statistical population of the research includes all married women of 25- 50 years of age who announced their desire to participate in the research in virtual space, and their number was 120. According to the research method, 30 people were voluntarily and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people for each group) using the available sampling method. Data collection was done by Wall Wadner and Denier's cognitive flexibility and Hill et al.'s perfectionism questionnaires, and the intervention was done by acceptance and commitment protocol. Also, the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mean value and standard deviation for the cognitive flexibility variable in the experimental group were 20.65 and 6.941 in the pre-test and 73.11 and 2.915 respectively in the post-test and the control group in the pre-test. 67/13 and 3/871 and in the post-test it is 67/20 and 3/840 respectively. Also, the mean value and standard deviation for the perfectionism variable in the experimental group in the pre-test were 191.60 and 12.046 in the post-test respectively, and in the control group in the pretest 184.53 and 16.203 respectively. In the post-test, it is 183/80 and 15/001 respectively. According to the table, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the total cognitive flexibility and perfectionism test group. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the total score and the subscales of the cognitive flexibility and perfectionism questionnaires in the pretest and post-test in the experimental and control groups of married women. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on cognitive flexibility, it can be concluded that the awareness of the intensity of needs and the psychology of internal control is a predictive factor of people at risk. Therefore, it can be suggested that these factors are identified and necessary information provided in consultations using this technique. This study, like all other studies, has some limitations, which can be mentioned as follows: Since the present study was conducted on married women, caution should be observed when generalizing it to married men. Also, the geographical area investigated in this research was Tehran, so the generalization of its results to cities and provinces should be done with caution. According to the results of this study, it is suggested to hold a therapy workshop based on patience and commitment in the direction of flexibility and perfectionism for married people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Due to the negative effects of cancer, various methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used to treat cancer and are used as primary methods in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the success rate of this treatment is not enough and the death rate due to it increases every year, and a series of necessary strategies are needed to control this deadly disease (5). In general, the main characteristic of cancer cells is uncontrollable cell proliferation and resistance to programmed death, so an agent that causes apoptosis in cancer cells can be known as an anticancer substance (8). Among various cases, probiotics control the digestive enzymes of animals and humans, inhibit cancer agents in the body and in laboratory conditions, and also play an important role in suppressing compounds and tumors caused by cancer in laboratory animals (9, 10). HT29 is not only used to study the biology of human colon cancers, but is of particular interest in studies focused on digestion and accessibility due to its ability to express the characteristics of colon cells (11). HUVEC are human umbilical vein endothelial cells used to study endothelial cell function and pathology (eg, angiogenesis). Primary isolated HUVECs are probably the most popular used in research, as human umbilical vessels are more readily available than other blood vessel types (8). Today, due to the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer, this issue is considered as an important global health challenge, and in the past few decades, it has been shown that the imbalance in the intestinal microbiota is related to the rate of various chronic disorders, including cancer. Oral administration of different strains of probiotics can prevent the occurrence of cancer or reduce the incidence of inflammation after surgery (12). Therefore, the researcher is trying to answer the question whether probiotic properties and toxic effects of Lactobacillus cell extract isolated from dairy products of Gilan province have an effect on HT-29 cancer cell line and normal HUVEC cell or not. Methods: In order to carry out this research, lactobacilli were first isolated from dairy samples, then morphological, biochemical, genetic and phylogenetic identification was performed on them. Using sequencing and then analyzing the determined sequences on the NCBI site, Lactobacillus fermentum species (L. Fermentum) was detected with 88.61% homology and its phylogenetic tree was drawn and registered as Limosilactobacillus fermentum GL strain. The isolated lactobacillus extract was affected on the HT-29 cancer cell line and normal HUVEC cells, and the survival of the cells under the effect of lactobacillus was determined using the MTT test (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was investigated. Finally, considering that all the tests were performed in triplicate, Minitab ver16 software and GraphPad Prism ver9 software were used to determine the mean (One-Way Unstacked ANOVA) and standard deviation, respectively (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that the bacteria were gram positive, catalase negative, oxidase negative, negative movement, no growth at 15°C and growth at 37°C and 45°C. Also, molecular analysis showed the amplification of S rRNA16 gene in two of the 4 samples. Further, the blast results showed that the desired sequence of one of the samples with 61.88% similarity belongs to Lactobacillus fermentum. Then, the phylogenetic tree resulting from the analysis of S rRNA 16 sequence was performed by NCBI genome database and MEGA 7 software, and its relationship with other bacteria is shown. Finally, gene registration was done from the sequence obtained in the NCBI database and the desired bacterium was named Limosilactobacillus fermentum GL. Also, the results of cell viability were evaluated using the MTT colorimetric method. Based on the results, cytoplasmic extract in concentrations of 0.5, 0.75 mg/ml did not significantly change the cell viability of HT-29 cells, and concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2 mg/ml increased cell viability by 4.87±50%, respectively, decreased 8.61±40%, 5.80±25%. The IC50 value of cytoplasmic extract for HT-29 cells was 1.43 mg/ml. Also, the results of the cytotoxicity study showed that the concentrations used of the cytoplasmic extract had no inhibitory effect on the normal HUVEC cell line for 24 hours (P<0.05). Conclusion: Despite recent advances in cancer treatment strategies, cancers are one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Although some anticancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been used with varying degrees of success in many types of cancer patients, these treatments are expensive and have harmful side effects including cardiotoxicity, diarrhea, intestinal strictures, and Inability to effectively absorb nutrients. Probiotics have been suggested as supplements to increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments (24). The results showed that the concentrations of 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/ml of lactobacillus extract can reduce the cell viability by 50±4.87, 40±8.61 and 25±5.80% respectively during 24 hours. . Based on the MTT test, a concentration of 1 mg/ml of the cytoplasmic extract inhibited 50% of HT29 cells and had no toxic effect on normal HUVEC cells. In a study after 24-hour treatment of HT29 cells with 109 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, cell survival decreased by 78% (13). Probably, in the future, these species or their metabolites can be used as food supplements or additives with anti-cancer activity, and for the production of such products, the selection of Lactobacillus strain is of high value (4). As shown in the results, the cell extract of Limosilactobacillus fermentum GL had important effects on growth inhibition in HT-29 cells by suppressing cell proliferation. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of the effects of probiotics on cancer cells have not been fully defined (4). It should be noted that the bacteria used in this study (Limosilactobacillus fermentum GL) were isolated from traditional dairy samples of Gilan and their anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects were investigated for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The family, as the founder of the personality, identity, values and intellectual standards of children and the place of learning the culture, norms, values and gender roles that exist in societies (2). In fact, given the importance of early moral development, children learn responsibility from their parents and learn to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions (3). Research has shown that families affect cognitive and emotional development through their relationship (6). Also, among human skills, none may be as important and effective as beliefs about self-efficacy defined as individuals' beliefs about their ability to control life-changing events (12). The tasks that human beings face throughout their lives are very wide and varied; As a result, the self-efficacy feature can be used and examined in specific spectrums. When a person has self-efficacy in situations in his life, he can experience more responsibility as a result (14). Other research in this field has shown that self-esteem affects interpersonal communication and responsible behaviors, social communication, and constructive thinking skills. Emotional development can follow a family communication pattern (15). In other words, emotion regulation can also affect human behaviors, such as responsibility. In this context, it has been shown that training emotion regulation skills can be considered as part of programs that create and increase responsibility (19). In addition, it has been found that a person who can control emotions and feelings experiences more responsibility (20). Based on the above, the researcher seeks to answer the question that what role does the family communication model play in adolescents 'responsibility with mediating the role of students' self-efficacy and emotional regulation? Methods: This research was a correlation in the form of structural equation model. To conduct this research, 352 students (163 boys and 189 girls) were selected from the second year high school students in Shiraz in the academic year 2010-2011 using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Were selected as a sample. The method of conducting the research was that the researcher first referred to the education and training of Shiraz city and after explaining the purpose of the research and the satisfaction of the officials and with a referral letter in hand, referred to the schools and questionnaires of communication patterns of Koerner family and Fitz Patrick (2002) distributed and collected the self-efficacy of Scherer et al. (1982), the Grosso John (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire, and Soroush (2011). Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equations using SPSS-23 and AMOS-22 software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the relationships between many exogenous, mediating and endogenous variables are positively and negatively significant. And the range of correlation coefficients between all studied variables is from -0.001 to 0.86. In addition, the relationships between the research variables were significant at the level of 0.01 and 0.05. Another finding showed that dialogue affects responsibility through self-efficacy (p = 0.02, β = 0.32) and cognitive reassessment (p = 0.01, β = 0.18). . Also, compliance through cognitive reassessment affects responsibility (β = 0.06, p = 0.05). However, suppression between dialogue (p = 0.92, β = 0.0001) and compliance (β = 0.04, p = 0.10) does not have a significant mediating role on responsibility. Self-efficacy and cognitive reassessment are significant between the relationship between dialogue orientation and family compliance orientation and responsibility. On the other hand, it was found that the direct and indirect path (self-efficacy and cognitive re-evaluation) of dialogue to responsibility and the indirect path of compliance (cognitive re-evaluation) to responsibility are significant. Also, the coefficient of determination of responsibility (R2 = 0.46) is higher than the coefficient of determination of self-efficacy (R2 = 0.10), cognitive re-evaluation (R2 = 0.13) and repression (R2 = 0.7). Finally, the results showed that the self-efficacy prediction based on dialogue was approved and the compliance prediction based on self-efficacy was rejected. Also, the prediction of cognitive reassessment based on dialogue and compliance was confirmed. But in the field of repression, only conformity could predict repression, and dialogue could not predict repression. The liability prediction was approved based on dialogue and Conformity was not able to predict liability. The prediction of responsibility based on self-efficacy and the prediction of responsibility based on cognitive reassessment were confirmed. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed in the context of predicting liability based on suppression. On the other hand, it was found that self-efficacy between dialogue orientation and mediation responsibility is significant. However, self-efficacy is not significant between compliance orientation and mediation responsibility, and also, it was found that only cognitive reassessment between dialogue and compliance with mediation responsibility is significant. Conclusion: In the explanation of the present research, it can be stated that in the direction of dialogue, the person in the family can express his / her opinions, hear the arguments of family members and present appropriate arguments himself / herself, and skills Achieves a variety of topics such as problem solving, effective communication, emotion control and management; Because the individual is influential in important family decisions and has gained the necessary independence (22). These provide the basis for the development of abilities and belief in them, and thus verbal persuasion creates a source of self-efficacy (31). Also, when a person has a conversation in the family environment, he / she can get acquainted with different opinions according to the arguments that are put forward in the family environment on various issues (5); And he can use adaptive strategies to regulate his emotions and learn different cognitive skills. As a result, he knows that his thoughts, emotions and behaviors are under his control and he can look at events from different angles and perceive them (26). This confirms that external situations do not affect the individual, but it is his thoughts that create behavioral and emotional consequences (32). Also in the direction of conformity, the individual tries to avoid conflict and to experience mutual dependence with the family. In this regard, the cohesion of the family is high and the family has a hierarchy and emphasizes the relationships within the family and the interests of the family are paramount (5). All of these, especially the emphasis on matching one's views with others and emphasizing the interests and values of the family, can provide the basis for understanding phenomena and events from different perspectives. Can use cognitive reassessment strategy. When adolescents use this strategy, they can eventually experience responsibility (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Neural activation is associated with increasing energy requirements, and increasing peripheral Lactate (LA) concentration in response to severe exercise, enhances LA supply as an energy substrate to meet acute neurological needs. The acute speed and football exercises may affect cognitive function by increasing LA concentration and nervous activation. Increasing the neurocognitive performance of growing adolescent boy players an important role in their physical performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Although speed interval and plyometric training in football players may lead to progressive fatigue and activate the central nervous system and subsequent cognitive disorders, it may also positively increase neurotrophines such as BDNF or IGF-1 and affect brain neutrophils and neurological function. According to this evidence, we assumed that BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 increase in response to a football training session, which may be associated with increasing neurological function of adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an acute speed and plyometric football-based exercise on plasma concentrations of BDNF, BNG and IGF-1 neural proteins, which may play an important role in enhancing cognitive abilities. And the effect of speed and plyometric training activity on the concentrations of nerve proteins in blood circulation. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted in two sessions, including an intervention and control session. After calling in Tehran's schools, 20 adolescents 14-15 years of age were selected and accessible as a sample, and randomly participated in 2 sessions of speed and plyometric exercises and control sessions. All subjects are familiar with how to perform speed exercises (RAST Test) during a familiarization period (two sessions). On the day of the main test, after 12 hours of fasting, the test was referred to the test site and the first blood sample (5 cc) was taken from the antiquiobital vein. After the standard breakfast of the subjects, we were wearing sportswear and after ten minutes of general warming up the speed training included six times a maximum of 35 meters with a 10-second recovery between each run. After the test was performed, the plyometric exercise was executed, including a pair jump and one -foot barriers, jump on barriers with 180 degrees rotation, zigzag jump and one foot forward, jump on obstacles with both legs and legs Single-tofoot jumping on the barriers of single -foot and throwing a medicine ball, on the sides, with 12 repetitions. The active rest between turn was considered two to three minutes (29). The subject's heart rate was performed during the controlled exercise (Polar heart rate monitor) and the exercise in the range of 80-90 % of the heart rate. The second blood sample was taken immediately after the training session was completed. All sampling steps for each subject were performed under the same conditions and the BDNF and NGF levels were measured through the USA-made Kit. The IGF-I levels were measured through the ELISA methods and IGF-I Kit. Cognitive neurological function was also measured through the Stroop test (ST) before and after the training session. In this study, the Polish paper version of ST was used. ST consisted of 71 words written with colored ink. The task of the participants was to name the font color regardless of the written word. For statistical analysis, the research data are first described using the mean and standard deviation, then the changes before and after all the variables of the two sessions were calculated and analyzed using the dependent stroop test. A significant level was considered to be P≤0.05 and SPSS 16 was used to perform statistical calculations. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the somatic specifications of the research subjects was as follow: Weight (59.7±3.2), Body mass index (21.4±1.3), Fat percentage (21.7±2.8), and Fat free mase (41.10±4.1) The results of the present study showed that BDNF data changes were significantly different in training and control session (t19=12/89, p<0/001). In the exercise session, the BDNF rate increased by approximately 2.5 times compared with control session. NGF data also showed significant differences in both sessions before and after acute speed and Plyometric training (t19=4.89, p<0/001). Regarding the plasma levels of IGF-1 also the results showed a quite significant difference in comparison of two sessions (t19 =2.89, p=0.019). The time of implementation of the stroop test at two sessions of training and control in the preceding and later times also showed significant differences that in the exercise session the test was significantly reduced than the control session (t19 =3.89, p=0/009). The test time in the exercise session decreased from 59.3s to 53.1s. There was no significant change in the control session at the time of stroop performance (58.6 s and 59.3 s). These findings show that acute speeds and plyometric exercise are useful for improving post exercise cognitive performance in adolescent. Skeletal muscle contraction during high-intensity exercise increases BDNF levels in the brain, and the speed and plyeometric exercise protocol is a more effective and preferred intervention to raise BDNF levels than traditional exercise mode, with moderate intensity. Acute speed and plyometric exercises increase human cognitive function. Improvement of cognitive function may be the synthesis or release of neurological proteins that are adjusted by high blood LA after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the current findings suggest that acute plyometric and speed training enhances human cognitive performance. The improvement in cognitive performance may be from the synthesis or release of neuroprotective proteins modulated by high blood LA concentrations after exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: In recent years, different vision training has been used to improve visual skills and performance. One of these trainings is sports vision training. Sport vision training, that uses stimuli in optometric tasks (2,3), sport-specific videos or images (4), or stroboscopic interruption of vision (5,6), has been proposed under the idea that improving vision with oculomotor exercises, which might be associated with motor actions, would improve performance. For instance, Abernethy and Wood (2) used generic stimuli (e.g., alphanumeric symbols, shapes, patterns and colors) presented to athletes in a form of painted charts or apparatuses. Participants had to respond with simple ocular adjustments, which in some cases were combined with simple motor actions, such as pointing or touching targets (7). Although an increasing interest in vision training for sport performance, whether vision training would have a transfer to the field-sport setting remains unclear. Most of the intervention studies employed tasks based on optometric stimuli (e.g., hart charts and Marsden ball) and on computer programs (e.g., D2 Dynavision and Eye port) requiring simple ocular adjustments, and generic movements of hands as responses (2,3,11-14). The lack of evidences for supporting sport vision training efficacy to improve performance has been proposed to be related to methodological approaches resulting in a lack of ecological validity of the training stimuli (15). As such, generic and automated nature of the motor actions required as response might have limited the potential effects on the sport performance. This lack of transfer seems to support the idea, proposed in ecological framework by Gibson, that perception and action have a direct circular relationship mediated by the information within external environment (i.e. affordances), rather than by internal representations (16). Although the results of various studies have shown an improvement in visual skills and athletic performance based on sports vision training; but the main challenge is to examine the qualitative process versus the quantitative processes. Considering that balance is one of the main components in hockey (25), and considering that balance is created from the interaction of three visual, atrial and sensory- motor systems (26), The main question is whether sports vision training can improve the balance (kinetics) of hockey players or not? Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of sports vision training on balance and gaze behavior. Methods: The current study, according to the predicted goals, was a quasi-experimental research and the research design was pretest-posttest. Also, the current study was applied in terms of using the obtained results. Participants in the current study were 40 male hockey novices aged 15 to 20 years who were selected by convenience sampling. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of sports vision training and control. Criteria for inclusion in the study include normal vision, binocular vision, right leg and right hand. Exclusion criteria include withdrawal from the study, absence on the day of the test, and injury at various phases of the study. The measuring instruments included a force plate form and an eye tracking system. The present study included pre-test, intervention (practice) and post-test phases. In the pre-test phase, participants stood on a force platform to measure their balance. Participants were asked to stand barefoot on the force plate for 30 seconds while looking at the marked spot in front of them and trying to maintain their balance. At the same time, an eye tracking system was used to measure the gaze behavior of participants in performing balance skills. In the intervention phase (practice), which lasted for nine weeks and two sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes; the training group performed the relevant exercises while the control group performed their daily activities. The post-test phase was performed exactly after the last training session. At this phase, participants were asked to stand barefoot on the force plate for 30 seconds. At the same time, an eye tracking system was used to measure the gaze behavior of participants in performing balance skills. Data analyzed with paired sample t test and independent t test. Results: The results showed that the anterior-posterior displacement of the center of pressure was significantly improved by pre-test (29.25) to post-test (24.45) mm. Other results indicate that there is a significant difference between the groups in the anteriorposterior displacement of the center of pressure, and the sports vision group with an mean difference of 4.30 mm has a lower center of pressure displacement compared to the control group (P <0.05). Other results showed that the lateral-midlateral displacement of the center of pressure was significantly improved by pre-test (45.80) to post-test (39.90) mm. Other results indicate that there is a significant difference between the groups in the lateral-midlateral displacement of the center of pressure, and the sports vision group with an mean difference of 7.15 mm has a lower center of pressure displacement compared to the control group (P <0.05). Also, other results showed that fixation was significantly improved by pre-test (188.70) to post-test (248.60) ms. Other results indicate that there is a significant difference between the groups in fixation, and the sports vision group with an mean difference of 52.014 ms has a longer fixation compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the current study showed that sports vision training improved balance and increased fixation of participants, so the results of the present study emphasize the importance of sports vision training on behavioral (balance) and process (fixation) characteristics. As a result, coaches and professionals working with novice hockey players are advised to pay attention to these exercises beforehand and use them in field and laboratory environments to improve performance and movement process. Also, according to the research results, trainers are advised to pay special attention to sports vision exercises and their possible effects on gaze behavior so that they can at least overcome the negative effects (psychological and physiological pressures). Although the current study and previous studies in this field have provided considerable insight into the value of sports vision training in understanding conscious perception, note that this work has been done almost exclusively using information processing paradigms. Other paradigms, such as ecological psychology and nonlinear dynamics, can provide new methods for the research gap identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Children with learning disabilities do not have problems with intelligence and motivation and are not lazy or deaf and dumb. In fact, most of them are as smart as others and are healthy in terms of brain, but this difference affects the way they receive and process information (4). Researches have mentioned three factors of children's characteristics, family aspects and social environment as the main and influential factors in the occurrence of children's disabilities (5). Therefore, methods that can simultaneously affect more aspects of these factors will have more and more stable therapeutic effects. Play therapy is one of these lasting and effective methods (6). Among the new methods of play therapy that are used for children with behavioral or functional problems are therapy and philial therapy. The results of various researches support the effectiveness of therapy on depression (8), anxiety (9) and behavioral problems (7) in children. In fact, this approach is a combination of interpersonal theories of human development, such as object relations theory, Balbi and Inworth's attachment theory (10). On the other hand, filial therapy, as a play therapy method, is a structured and direct theory for working with parents and children (11). Filial therapy is designed as a treatment program for children with emotional problems. In this intervention approach, children play with their caregivers and find out that they are lovable and important (12). These methods simultaneously affect the family environment, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and the psychological characteristics of children, this multifacetedness highlights the therapeutic importance of this method. One of the psychological characteristics in children that may help students with learning disorders or deepen their problems when facing stressors is coping behaviors. Coping behaviors or skills refer to cognitions that control stressful situations and become more specific along with the growth of children and adolescents (14). Therefore, the researcher is trying to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the effectiveness of play therapy in two ways, therapeutic and filial, on students' coping behaviors or not? Methods: The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-testpost-test-follow-up plan with a control group. For this purpose, the statistical population of the present study includes 183 male and female students with learning disabilities in Isfahan city, 54 students (30 boys and 24 girls) with learning disabilities without mental disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, and obvious physical and sensory motor disorders with mothers without obvious clinical symptoms. They were selected as available for cooperation. Then they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (18 people in each group). In the previous stages, immediately after and 2 months follow-up, they completed the Hernandez (2008) Coping Behavior Questionnaire. Also, to check and diagnose the learning disorder, the clinical interview was used based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5, which was conducted by a child psychiatry specialist. And the teenager took place. In the following, the Terapoly play therapy group gave its program based on the guide of Booth and Jerenberg (2019) to the first experimental group of 10 one-hour sessions (once a week for 10 weeks) and the filial therapy group gave its program based on the guide of Brighton et al. (2006). and Kalam et al. (2013) conducted 10 one-hour sessions (once a week for 10 weeks) to the second experimental group. Finally, the data were analyzed using software version 26 and using the multivariate analysis of covariance method. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of all three components of coping behaviors, including deviation from the problem, coping with the problem, and destructive coping, had a significant difference over time. Table 3 shows the results of intersubject analysis. Based on this table, the average scores for the dimension of deviation from the problem (F = 8.98 and P = 0.001), the dimension of coping with the problem (F = 6.91 and P = 0.002) and the dimension of destructive coping (42 F=83 and P=0.001) were obtained, which indicates that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The results showed that filial therapy and therapy play therapy has been effective in improving the coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities. Also, based on the results of Table 4, there was no significant difference between the average of all three components of coping behaviors in the two experimental groups in the post-test phase (P<0.001), which shows that both methods equally affect the components of deviation from the problem and coping with the problem. and destructive coping have been effective. The results of the Bonferroni test in Table 5 show that the average scores of the components of deviation from the problem, coping with the problem, and destructive coping in the post-test and follow-up stages are significantly different from the pre-test stage, but there was no significant difference between the average scores of the post-test and follow-up stages. It indicates that the average scores in the post-test and follow-up stage have changed compared to the pre-test stage and managed to maintain this change. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that therapy and filial therapy methods are effective in improving coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities. In explaining this finding, it can be said that both therapy and filial therapy methods have been able to leave a positive impact on the improvement of dimensions related to the coping behaviors of students with learning disabilities with a different structure (19). Because Teraplay is a type of short-term interactive play therapy that focuses on attachment-based games in the form of active games to create better relationships between parents and children. The therapist takes more responsibility for the progress of play sessions, as characterized by more attachment, empathic behavior, interactive play, interpersonal eye and body contact (24). Thus, in the present study, both parents and therapists helped the children in the test groups to strengthen their self-esteem and sense of competence and self-efficacy by providing playful challenges. Challenges caused frustration for children who learned how to face challenges and stress with the help of play (25). On the other hand, the emotional release capability of play is another explanation for the effect of parent-child play therapy, which helps children externalize their emotions in a completely safe and comfortable manner, and finally, these capabilities, when used in the context of parent-child play therapy are used to help not only children, but also mothers who have been placed in the role of coach and play therapist during play therapy to help their children get rid of the stresses and pressures of everyday life (16). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Ballet is not only a dramatic sport but also an activity with high physical needs. In ballet jumps and rotations, delicate movements, high flexibility and the final transition to the en pointe are performed in women (1). Every position and step in ballet requires postural control (2), and researchers consider static and dynamic balance and weight movement to be very important for motor function in ballet (3). A determining factor in maintaining balance is the size of the support surface, and ballerinas must perform some movements on very little support surface (3, 4). Doing these techniques on young ballerinas who have not had enough proper training can lead to numerous injuries (5). Balance is a key component of motor skills for maintaining posture and performing complex sports skills. It seems that maintaining balance and use training programs to improve it is a good solution that will help reduce the amount of falls during training or competitions (23). Balance is achieved through a variety of sensory input information to the CNS, including visual, vestibular, and sensorimotor (24, 25). It seems that by simultaneously stimulating the superficial and proprioceptive senses and creating sensory integration, it can increase the cortex's awareness of the organs and increase the balance this causes proper control during movement (9). Proprioceptive sense refers to the ability to integrate sensory information received from mechanical receptors and thus determine the position and movements of the body in space. Mechanical receptors for proprioceptive sensation in the muscles of the lower limb, soles of the feet, and around the ankle joint provide important information about the displacement and movement of the body mass center, as well as the characteristics of the impact surface for the CNS (7). Proprioceptive training includes activities that challenge the ability of the target joint to find and respond to input information about the position of the joint (11). Some evidence suggests that improving the proprioception of agonist muscle groups strengthens and stabilizes limb coordination, thus leading to improve movement during ballet (12, 13). Conversely, some studies show that ballerinas are more dependent on visual information to maintain balance (3, 14). Accordingly, the question of whether it is possible to increase balance by strengthening the sense of proprioception and also enhance performance in ballerinas has not been studied and needs to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of open or closed eyes balance training on static and dynamic balance in adolescent ballerina girls. Methods: Twenty ballerina girls aged 8-15 years with a history of 6 months to 1 year ballet training were selected and divided into two groups of ten: 1- closed-eyes balance training (proprioceptive training) in addition to routine ballet training and 2- open-eyes balance training in addition to routine ballet training. Both groups participated in balance training for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 30 minutes to 1 hour each session) (15). The training movements used in the balance section were 14 items and were used from simple (exercises with hand support, with two legs and without interference) to complex (exercises without support, with one foot and with interference by the trainer) (14). 48 hours after the end of the last training session in both groups, post-test was taken. Stork balance test and star excursion balance test were used to measure static and dynamic balances, respectively. Before starting the research protocol, to eliminate the learning effects, the samples were asked to perform stork and star balance tests several times during the routine ballet training period. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine the data. If time was significant, the paired t-test was used to examine the post-test changes compared to the pre-test in each group, and if the group was significant, the independent t-test was used to examine the differences between the two groups in the post-test. Significance level was set at 0.05. All calculations were performed using SPSS statistical software version 21. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the group (F1, 9 = 7.50, P = 0.023) and time (F1, 9 = 593.64, P = 0.001) effects on static balance were significant. The results of paired-samples t-test showed that there were significant difference in static balance scores between pre-test and post-test in the closed-eyes (P = 0.001) and open-eyes (P = 0.001) groups. The results of independent-samples t-test showed that static balance was significantly increased in the closed-eyes group compared to the open-eyes group (P = 0.006). The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the time effect on dynamic balance (dominant foot and non-dominant foot) was significant but the group effect was not significant. The results of paired-samples t-test showed that there were significant difference in dynamic balance scores between pre-test and post-test in the closed-eyes (P = 0.001) and open-eyes (P = 0.001) groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that both types of balance training with open and closed eyes significantly improved static and dynamic balances in adolescent ballerinas. The result of the present study on the effect of exercise on dynamic balance is consistent with the results of Yalfani et al. (2017) (17), Ashoury et al. (2016) (18), and Sadeghi Dehcheshmeh et al (2015) (19). The results of the present study showed that closed-eyes training significantly increased static balance compared to the open-eyes training group, but in the dynamic balance there was no difference between the two groups. Gebel et al. (2018) set a minimum training duration of 12 weeks for significant balance improvement but found that 8 weeks could also be effective (15). In the present study, eight weeks of exercise improved balance in both groups, but the short duration of exercise probably had an effect on the results. Another reason could be the use of more static exercises in the present study, and therefore the significance of static balance in closed-eyes exercises compared to open-eyes exercises can be explained. The next point to consider is that open-eyes balance tests were used to assess balance in the present study, and it is possible that different results will be seen in closed-eyes balance tests. Finally, in the present study, the effect of exercise on ballet performance was not evaluated, and the stork and star tests used in the present study provide the opportunity to use more visual information to maintain balance, and as mentioned Ballerinas are more dependent on visual information to maintain balance. Therefore, if the ballet performance was evaluated according to its dynamics, it could be effective on the results. One of the limitations of the present study was the low volume of research samples, which was due to the small number of athletes active in this field according to the research criteria. Also, due to being in the growth ages, the age range of research samples was wide and it was not possible to form research groups in a more limited age range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Aging is a period that is associated with gradual, progressive and spontaneous erosive changes in most organs and physiological functions of the body. In fact, human beings have many problems that affect their lives as they enter old age. Common physical problems among the elderly that occur as a result of certain diseases or as a result of the aging process include loss of balance, postural control, difficulty in gait and gait control, muscle atrophy, weakness and dysfunction, and decreased strength (1). Balance is a complex motor skill that describes the body's postural dynamics in preventing falls. With the onset of old age, changes in the function of the musculoskeletal system, vestibular system, sensory system and visual system occur as physiological systems involved in balance, and the elderly are exposed to serious injuries due to imbalance, including bone fractures and Places long disabilities (1, 2). It is one of the effective factors in improving the balance of athletic performance, but older people have problems in performing these exercises due to movement restrictions due to chronic pain, low level of physical fitness, as well as fear of imbalance and falling. Research has shown that water has a beneficial role in rehabilitation in injured people due to its special properties such as buoyancy, relaxing role on muscles and reducing tension, reducing pain caused by environmental stresses such as weight pressure on the lower extremities, as well as People with special disabilities, such as the elderly (9). According to the above, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercises and sports activities in water on the balance of injured elderly athletes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 retired athletes with knee and ankle injuries were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups of control and water exercise. Dynamic balance and static balance of subjects were measured before and after the exercise intervention. The star excursion balance test (7) was used to measure static balance and the star balance test (11) was used to measure the dynamic balance of the subjects. The intervention included 8 weeks of water balance exercises. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis software. Results: The results showed that in the static equilibrium index, the main effect of test sessions (F1,28= 184.90, P= .001, η² = 0.738) and group (F1,28= 19.84, P= .001, η2 = 0.524) was significant. In the dynamic equilibrium index, the main effect of the test sessions(F1,28= 317.40, P= .001, η² = 0.689) and the group (F1,28= 55.33, P= .001, η² = 0.511) was significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that selected water sports exercises improved static and dynamic balance of elderly athletes with a history of knee and ankle injuries. The results of the present study are in line with the results of previous research, including the research of Guillamón et al. (2019), Askari et al. (2018), Padua et al. (2018), Mousavi and Ghazalian (2020) and Dokht Abdiyan et al. (2016), all of which have beneficial effects of exercise in water mentioned (8, 12-15) was consistent. Retired Athletes are a group of seniors who, in addition to the problems that arise in the normal course of old age, are also involved in chronic injuries during their professional sports career. In some cases, the presence of such chronic sports injuries can increase the problems many times over. Exercise in water can improve the motor function (9, 10) of the elderly by developing the capabilities of the central nervous system as well as motor coordination. One of the limiting factors of motor function in injured people is chronic pain caused by injury (16). It has also been shown that these individuals are limited in their daily activities due to chronic pain and excitatory stress-induced stress (17, 18); On the other hand, to prevent age-related complications that include the destructive process of the nervous system as well as skeletal muscles, and exercise can be a preventive and therapeutic process (18). The use of the aquatic environment due to its properties can reduce the fear of falling in the elderly with the buoyancy it creates (9, 10); Therefore, the elderly can easily exercise and enjoy the benefits of exercise. On the other hand, due to the fact that body weight on land causes pressure on the lower limbs and thus increases stress on nerve endings and as a result increases pain in injured limbs, they usually have problems for training on land; Therefore, according to the characteristics of aquatic environments, these people can benefit from the benefits of rehabilitation exercises as well as physical activities by adjusting their weight due to the special conditions of water (19, 20). In general, it can be said that exercising in water by increasing neuromuscular function improves balance in elderly athletes with a history of lower limb injuries. Balance and gait problems and maintaining a proper walking pattern are complications of aging that are much more severe in the elderly with a history of severe sports injuries to the knee and ankle. Exercise has its limitations due to the physiological problems of the aging process, especially those suffering from diseases such as osteoarthritis, chronic joint injuries, and mobility disabilities. Therefore, despite the benefits of physical exercise, it should be considered that doing this type of exercise on land due to some psychological and physical problems of old age, especially in people who suffer from diseases and injuries such as joint pain and have limitations. They are, it is difficult.Therefore, due to the low risk nature of water, water exercises can be used to improve balance and gait indicators. The results of the present study showed that participation in 8 weeks of selected water sports exercises led to improved gate parameters such as stride length, step frequency, walking speed and endurance as well as static and dynamic balance in elderly athletes with a history of severe knee and ankle injuries This exercise method can be used to prevent the complications of old age, especially in the elderly who have a strong sports history and have suffered severe ankle and knee injuries during their professional sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today, organizations are facing a competitive environment that is accompanied by amazing developments in which changes are constantly taking place, and markets do not have a fixed situation, and the political and legal frameworks often change and go along with these management developments. Organizations are faced with complexity, the speed of communication has increased, and organizations are required to examine and respond to customer requirements. In the meantime, large organizations with traditional structures do not have the necessary strength and flexibility to align with these changes, and for their survival, they are forced to change their structure or equip themselves with tools that can face and align with global developments. To obtain in this framework, education is one of the most basic necessities of a society in order to harmonize with these changes. Because education is an important part of individual and social activities. As UNESCO has announced in its global report, almost one out of every five people living today is a teacher or serves as a teacher in the formal education system and is in charge of educating the new generation. In this connection, many thinkers have identified a solution to this problem in the preparation of human resources. Therefore, efficient human resources can be considered the most important capital of an organization. Therefore, any process that improves the capability of human resources according to the type of work and activity is a capital-increasing process, the result of which is directly reflected in the quality and quantity of the system, which with the help of empowering human resources it is obtained. It can be said that the main capital in the education system of any country is its human resources, which become effective in the development of the society through knowledge, restraints and specialized motivations of their jobs. Teachers play an important role. Therefore, today, schools that equip their educational system with such precious capital, show more competitive advantage among their peers, because the excellence of schools in a close competition depends on skill, creativity, and independence. Knowledge and ability of teachers are dependent. In this connection, the present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the cultural and psychological empowerment of the first year secondary school teachers in Tehran. Methods: The research method was part of mixed research in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included university experts, including managers and senior experts in education, and in the quantitative part, it included all the teachers of the first year of high school in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size in the qualitative part with theoretical saturation (10 people) and in the quantitative part is estimated to be 300 people based on Morgan's table, and for the selection of the sample in the qualitative part, purposive sampling was used and in the quantitative part, stratified random sampling was used. The data collection tool was an interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with 144 questions and 17 components based on a 5-option scale in the quantitative part. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire at 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis using smartpls3 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that psychological cultural empowerment included organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, organizational management systems, and its consequences include improving interpersonal ability, management and leadership ability, and the ability to create events. Conclusion: In the current research, two dimensions of psychological and cultural empowerment of secondary school teachers were pointed out and it was stated that today's teachers need more cultural and psychological empowerment because they are responsible for educating a generation that is supposed to be the future builder of the country. For this purpose, they must first have such ability so that they can transfer it to the students. In this research, it was found that when it comes to the psychological and cultural empowerment of teachers. It means mental and emotional empowerment, knowledge, and overall empowerment. Ensuring the health and mental health of teachers through the implementation of personality, mental and emotional tests and planning to prevent them from developing mental disorders are ways to ensure their mental health. Also, special attention should be paid to the intrinsic and psychological characteristics of teachers and their behavior, sense of acceptance of responsibility, appropriate social behavior and ability to adapt to the educational environment should be evaluated. It is in this way that one can have confidence in the ability of teachers and know that they are suitable options for educating students. In addition, teachers should be empowered in terms of knowledge and have an understanding of the logical relationships of phenomena and the interpretation of information, and be familiar with philosophical and scientific schools and their views, as well as a detailed understanding of tasks, tasks and educational phenomena of the school or the educational system of the society to better understand the work environment. Perceptual ability is also one of the other factors of psychological and cultural ability. It is imperative for teachers to have the power of analysis to diagnose problems correctly and to have the ability to make correct judgments about behaviors and the cause of those behaviors, as well as the ability to integrate different ideas and methods to achieve goals. In the current research, various factors affecting the psychological and cultural ability of teachers were also pointed out and it was determined that the organizational culture governing the education system and schools determines the degree of flexibility, adaptability, participation, and independence of teachers. A favorable organizational culture based on participation guarantees the psychological and cultural ability of teachers. In addition, the flexible organizational structure, decentralization, and the degree of risk-taking of the educational institution affect the ability of teachers. Of course, one should not neglect the rules and regulations, supervision and control of communication skills and mutual relations, value creation and wealth creation, welfare facilities, the number of salaries and wages, rewards and appreciation, and attention to satisfaction and respect. These cases determine the cultural and psychological ability of teachers. In general, it can be said that the practical components of cultural-psychological empowerment among teachers include the promotion of interpersonal competence, management, and leadership competence, and the ability to create event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today's world is the world of science, knowledge, and information, and the progress of every society is based on the expansion of information. Since the nature of higher education is to create information and exchange knowledge, it is reasonable to accept it. Developments in information technology have transformed schools and universities, and this seems inevitable. In the last century, which is the period of transition from the industrial age to the age of information and communication. Compared to the past, education has changed significantly both in terms of quantity and quality and speed of presentation. According to the experiences gained in education, it should be accepted that electronic education has become one of the necessities of life and has facilitated the teaching and learning process for professors and students. This use can be seen in the methods of teaching, taking units, lesson exercises, discussing and exchanging opinions with professors and their colleagues. The accessibility of people has expanded to such an extent that it is used to meet the daily needs of life. The ever-increasing growth of information technology in the world has made many people have access to the Internet in such a way that the speed of this movement is well evident in developing countries, including Iran. Terms such as e-commerce, egovernment, e-education, e-society, etc., when they enter societies, require the use and application of information technology in different fields more than it seems. Information technology is one of the tools that can win in today's competitive arena by absorbing and applying correctly, accurately and quickly. Meanwhile, the development of the educational system in the era of information and communication technology is one of the main challenges of educational policy makers. The main purpose of using information and communication technology in higher education is to increase the efficiency of educational processes and improve the educational processes of students. Due to the ability to send content and course materials to the whole world at the same time, the ultimate goal of educational institutions to adapt to communication and information technologies is to serve newer and larger groups outside of their physical reach. Provide training. In the educational system of the 21st century, the use of information and communication technologies in the teaching and learning process has received much attention, and the issue of electronic education has been raised. This type of education is a foundation of the application of communication technology, professional and academic psychological concepts, based on common criteria and standards, which takes a special form according to the goals, needs and existing realities of societies. Electronic education has promised this to mankind. With the passage of time, place and borders, it can easily enter any home and fill the thirst of education with learning. Electronic learning is a better educational system for the new generation. This system includes many activities such as knowledge delivery, advanced training system, good coding, regular information updates, etc. E-learning is generally dependent on advanced computing and information technology infrastructure. The role of technology in the educational system is effective and can make it universal, simple, flexible and easily accessible. As a result, it can be concluded that today's education system needs new technology to make it more advanced and the education system better. Electronic education means the use of electronic information transfer tools to transfer information and knowledge, which include computer-based education, intranet-based education, web-based education, new paradigms and information technology products that humanity lead to a great educational revolution. The transition from the industrial society to the information society is not necessarily an evolutionary movement, but a structural leap. Therefore, for the first time, it is possible for countries to jump from a backward position to an advanced position. Meanwhile, the amount of development and application of information and communication technology in education is considered the most important indicator of progress, and virtual education or electronic education is considered the most important factor of scientific and cultural leap. In this research, an attempt is made to identify the challenges in the mentioned field after examining and studying e-learning and the capacities of using elearning at different levels of medical education. Using the obtained information and the current situation, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the individual characteristics of the students of medical sciences universities and learning through electronic education, and the main question of this study is whether the individual characteristics of the faculty members of the universities of sciences Does medicine have a significant relationship with learning through e-learning? Methods: The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. In terms of data collection, it was a descriptive-field method. The statistical population of this research includes professors of Khuzestan universities of medical sciences, who are 680 people, and the sampling method in this research is a simple random method considering that the number of the statistical population is known. The current research questionnaire includes 7 main indicators and 32 items. The content-form validity of the present research questionnaire was obtained from the consensus of experts and experts based on the Delphi method. Data analysis in the quantitative part, the descriptive statistics of the professors of medical sciences universities of Khuzestan province are presented and Spearman's correlation coefficient is used. Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between individual faculty characteristics (gender: 0.985, education status: 0.652, age: 0.432, job experience: 0.501) and learning through electronic education. There is no significant relationship between experience in e-learning with a coefficient of 0.125 and learning through e-learning. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the personal characteristics of faculty members of medical sciences universities and learning through e-learning, so trying to achieve optimal personal characteristics in the direction of education is considered important. This research, like other research, has some limitations, for example, considering that this research was conducted on the faculty of the Khuzestan University of Medical Sciences, the results of this research should be cautiously shared with other institutions, bodies, and organizations. The country extended. Also, due to the large number of questions and the time-consuming completion of questionnaires by experts, there is a possibility of bias in the results. Another limitation of this study was the difficulty in arranging and coordinating the appropriate time and place for some experts to answer the questionnaire. According to the results, it is suggested that the regional connections with the headquarters area and the role of universities in the development of virtual education need to strengthen the supporting role of the headquarters area in providing infrastructure and financial resources and more independence to the universities in planning and implementing the development of virtual education. Also, one of the most important factors in achieving such an environment is the training of management and experienced support staff who have the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and skills to guide students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Aging is a result of physiological changes, such as a higher level of stress, functional impairment, decreased hormone production, and decreased metabolic rate, which can lead to catabolism and degeneration of organs (1). These processes lead to progressive loss of nerve extensions, bone mass, skeletal muscle mass, and strength. These are phenomena that disrupt the ability to perform daily life activities, reduce the quality of life and increase the risk of falling (2). Decreased ability to maintain balance may be associated with an increased risk of falling. In the elderly, falls usually lead to injury, loss of independence, associated illness, and premature death (22). Mobility, being strong and steadfast can help the elderly to remain independent, increase selfconfidence and well-being with age (23). Cognition, the ability to think clearly, learn, and remember, often changes with age. Although some people develop cognitive impairment or other types of cognitive decline, many older people experience fewer changes in memory and thinking (12,13). The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association determined that cognitive function can be divided into six key areas (13). These areas include executive function, attention, learning and memory, language, motor-perceptual function and social cognition. The areas that are especially shocking for this research are memory, executive function, complex attention and social cognition, memory is the ability to encode, store and retrieve information (14). Anxiety, depression and cognitive decline are common problems in the elderly population. which contribute to significant mental complications and illness (19). Group movement and mindfulness exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the body and improve neural flexibility and multitasking ability. Group exercise and mindfulness include lots of fun cardio, strength and balance movements that increase heart rate, and can improve flexibility and reduce the risk of some diseases in the elderly (23). Methods: The present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, with two experimental groups and one control group and a one-month follow-up test. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the elderly in District 5 of Tehran. The participants were selected by the Federation of Public Sports in Tehran. It was done by purposeful sampling. 60 people with an average age of 60-75 years, in the movement group (20 people), the mindfulness group (20 people), and control group (20 people) were included in the research. Fullerton-Rose & Loches (2006) Advanced Balance Clinical Instrument: This scale is a performance-based measure that broadly refers to various dimensions of balance. The brief cognitive status test was used to screen and evaluate the cognitive status of the elderly. This test was created by Folstein (1997) (7). The short form of the depression scale of the elderly was used to screen and examine the depression status of the elderly. This questionnaire, was created by Sheikh and Yasavij (1986), consists of 15 questions. The method of conducting the present study was that after receiving the code of ethics (Ir.iau.srb.rec.1399.147) from the National Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, a pre-test was taken from the participants. Then group movement intervention and mindfulness intervention were conducted for 12 weeks and after the end of the interventions, all the participants were tested in two rounds. Research data analysis: Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. In the inferential statistics section, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and its presuppositions and Benferoni's post hoc test were used. All statistical tests were analyzed at a significance level of 500, and SPSS version 24 software was also used for data analysis. Results: In this research, the assumptions of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test including normality test, homogeneity of variance matrix, homogeneity of variance of groups, homogeneity of variances and homogeneity of regression coefficients were implemented and investigated. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test indicated the normality of the data distribution of the variables used for variance analysis. The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurement show the difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores of emotional state (moderate depression, anxiety), cognitive state, overall balance score. The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurement in depression showed that the difference between the depression post-test scores in the groups of group movement intervention, mindfulness exercises and the control group was significant for the source of group changes (F=7.88, P<0.05). Using Bonferroni's post hoc test, it was shown that there is a significant difference between the group movement intervention group and the control group (MD=0.691, P=0.001) and also between the mindfulness exercises group and the control group. The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurement of anxiety showed that the difference between the post-test anxiety scores in the groups of group movement intervention, mindfulness exercises and control was significant for the source of group changes (F = 7.88, P<0.05). Using Bonferroni's post hoc test, it was shown that there is a significant difference between the group movement intervention and the control group (MD=0.747, P=0.001) and also between the mindfulness exercises group and the control group. Conclusion: The present study, which was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness and comparison of group movement intervention and mindfulness on balance, emotional state and cognitive performance of the elderly with and without mild cognitive impairment, shows the positive effect of group movement intervention and mindfulness on improving balance, emotional state and cognitive function. The results of the research showed that group movement exercises and mindfulness exercises have a positive and significant effect in the post-exam. No significant difference was observed between the balance scores of the two groups of group exercise and mindfulness in the post-test. These very interesting findings show that not only exercise training can improve metabolic parameters, but if it is a group exercise, it improves motor, emotional and cognitive performance. Increasing motor, emotional and cognitive functions is important to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, the results of the present study show that group movement intervention and mindfulness in healthy elderly people can be implemented well. Adaptation and training causes continuous changes in the physiological parameters of motor, emotional and cognitive functions, and if it is group motor training, it changes to a greater extent. The present findings may contribute to recommendations for people of retirement age to cope with long-term declines in physical function, metabolism, and health. This research recommends that it is never too late to participate in exercise training to improve motor performance and that group exercise intervention is superior to mindfulness training. In addition, continued group exercise and mindfulness seem to help improve the maintenance of several parameters related to overall body function and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i.e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step; Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step; Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step; Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions; Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Depression is a common and debilitating disease that affects more than 300 million people worldwide (1). Depressive disorder is associated with unemployment, poor physical health, impaired social functioning and, especially in severe cases, with suicide. Therefore, depressive disorder carries a great burden due to the increase in economic costs and the loss of productivity and demand in health care, not only on individuals but also on the whole society (3). with depression also stated that they are classified as "common mental disorders" (4) Although these symptoms have specific diagnostic thresholds, they affect the quality of life and social and occupational performance and cause pressure on the person and the economic status of the population in the scale becomes larger (5). Various methods have been proposed and recommended to reduce anxiety and depression and improve mental health. One of the non-medicinal, simple and uncomplicated methods for treating anxiety and depression is aromatherapy or aromatherapy, which is the use of volatile oils or aromas extracted from flowers and aromatic plants in order to promote therapeutic goals, and through inhalation, Inhalation and massage are performed (6). Aromatherapy using aromatic plant oil is effective in reducing anxiety, pain, fatigue and healing skin wounds (7-9). Massage is one of the most important non-drug interventions to reduce the level of anxiety (10). The use of aromatic plant oils in the traditional medicine of Asian nations including China, India and Iran has a history of thousands of years (12). In this regard, jasmine oil is widely used in different countries in order to benefit from its benefits. Jasmine oil is a sweet smelling substance that is prepared from the jasmine plant (Jasminum officinale) (14). Widely used in aromatherapy, this type of essential oil contains aromatic plant compounds that have various health benefits, including skin care and stress reduction. This plant has analgesic, sedative and anti-depressant properties (15). The results of some studies show that aromatherapy can help improve the physiological and psychological indicators of sick people (18, 19). There is little information about the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety, depression and mental health of people suffering from depression. On the other hand, the use of different medicinal plants in a traditional way has become widespread in the treatment of many ailments and also in the improvement of mental states. By reviewing the research done, no research was found that investigated the benefits of relaxation massage with jasmine oil to reduce depression and improve mental health. Therefore, considering the lack of sufficient information in this field, the need to conduct more studies is felt. Considering the benefits of massage therapy on many symptoms and psychological problems on the one hand and the positive effects of jasmine oil on the other hand, Does six weeks of relaxation massage with jasmine oil affect the level of anxiety, depression and mental health of middle-aged women with depression? Methods: In this semi experimental study, 30 middle-aged women (age 42 ± 3.06 years) with depression based on the DSM-IV standard were randomly divided into 2 groups; control and relaxation massage with jasmine oil. Experimental group received Relaxation Massage with Jasmine Oil for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 30 to 45 minutes each session. Spiel Berger, Beck and GHQ28 questionnaires were used to measure anxiety, depression and mental health of the subjects before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test at the P<0.05. Results: The results showed that relaxation massage with jasmine oil improved the mental health of middle-aged women with depression compared to the control group (P=0.001). Also, the mean score of depression and anxiety was significantly lower in relaxation massage with jasmine oil group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that six weeks of relaxation massage with jasmine oil significantly reduced the anxiety of middle-aged women with depression. The results of this research are consistent with the findings of Alavi et al. (2013) who showed that aromatherapy with jasmine oil significantly reduces anxiety in pregnant women (20). Some aromatherapy studies show that essential oils, including jasmine oil, may affect biological factors such as heart rate, stress level, blood pressure, breathing, and immune system function (14). In aromatherapy, the absorption of jasmine oil through the skin causes a message to be transmitted to the brain area called the limbic system. This region is involved in the control of emotions and also affects the nervous system (22- 24). Therefore, it is possible that jasmine oil along with massage has led to the reduction of anxiety in middle-aged women with depression through the effect on the limbic system. Also, the present findings show that six weeks of relaxation massage with jasmine oil significantly reduced depression in depressed middle-aged women. There is evidence that aromatherapy can effectively reduce symptoms of depression. The stimulating and activating effect of jasmine oil can be useful for relieving depression and improving mood (14). When inhaled, jasmine oil affects brain activity and mood, and participants reported feeling more positive and energetic (22). The results of the present research also indicate the beneficial effects of jasmine oil in reducing depression symptoms. Finally, the present findings show that six weeks of relaxation massage with jasmine oil significantly improved the mental health of middle-aged women with depression. This finding is consistent with the results of Shahrjardi and Darvish (2013), who showed a significant improvement in the mental health of women with cancer after the massage period (29). Jasmine flower contains benzyl acetate, lymal alcohol, benzylic alcohol, indole oleanolic acid, dacosterol, hesperidin and active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins and jasmine (30-32). It is possible that jasmine oil along with massage has led to a significant improvement in the mental health of middle-aged women with depression through the compounds found in jasmine. In the present research, after six weeks of relaxation massage with jasmine oil in middle-aged women suffering from depression, the level of mental stress has decreased and the patients have the feeling that they have the same abilities as other people and thus feel more self-confidence. have obtained Therefore, relaxation massage with jasmine oil can help to improve the mental health of patients suffering from depression, and as a behavioral intervention and complementary treatment, it can play an important role in improving the mental health of patients. One of the positive effects of relaxation massage with jasmine oil is regulating the amount of neurotransmitters in nerve cells and as a result establishing balance in the person's nervous function and reducing mental abnormalities. By performing a relaxation massage with jasmine oil, the level of stress decreases due to the secretion of a number of hormones from different glands and the effect on the nervous system, as well as increasing the consumption of oxygen (14). There were also some limitations in the present research, including the non-use of other massage methods. Overall, one can benefit from its mental health benefits by using relaxation massage with jasmine oil, as shown by the present findings. According to the findings of this research, according to the results of the research, it seems that relaxation massage with jasmine oil can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve the mental health of middle-aged women with depression. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it is suggested that middle-aged women suffering from depression receive relaxation massage with jasmine oil to reduce the negative consequences of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Leptospirosis is a common infectious disease between humans and animals, which is of particular importance in terms of global spread. The cause of the disease is Leptospira bacteria. This bacterium is gram-negative and spiral-shaped and belongs to the Leptospiraceae family and the Spirochetes branch (1,2). The genus Leptospira is divided into 20 species (9 pathogenic, 5 intermediate and 6 saprophytic) based on phylogenic and DNA analysis. Saprophytic species (eg L. biflex). Leptospira species cause a common disease called leptospirosis. Leptospira settle in the kidney tubules of animals (susceptible mammals) and because of this the host animals remain infected for a long time and expel the bacteria (7). Livestock (cows and sheep) are sources of leptospirosis and should be taken care of to prevent transmission of the disease to humans (8,9). Leptospira species remain in the environment for a long time, transfer to humans through damaged skin and mucous membranes, mortality and economic losses are considered as an important global health issue (2,7,10). Every year, half a million cases of leptospirosis (45 cases per 100,000 people) are reported worldwide (11). Leptospirosis is more common in hot seasons and in tropical and rainy regions of the world (11,12). The incubation period of leptospirosis in humans is about 10 days and may be asymptomatic (12). The clinical face of this disease is so variable that it is considered as a disease with a thousand faces and it can never be diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms alone, so diagnosis is more based on trusting the laboratory in showing and observing the cause of the disease. And the accuracy of laboratory methods is stable. Definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis is based on laboratory tests such as bacterial culture, ELISA test, MAT and PCR (16), which is the standard serological method for identifying leptospirosis antibodies according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which is a method It is cheap with acceptable sensitivity and it is possible to access it (17) and it shows the wide presence of Leptospira in the world (16). Bacteremia develops within 7-10 days after symptoms of infection by Leptospira and antibodies can be detected in the blood (18,19). The aim of the present study was to investigate leptospirosis seroepidemiologically among the farmers of Kohdasht in Lorestan province by microscopic agglutination method (MAT) and also to determine and obtain the serovars infecting people in Kohdasht region. The results obtained from the present research can provide a lot of help to researchers in medical and veterinary sciences of the country, and it is also very useful in human and animal health and rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients. Methods: The study was conducted on the blood samples of 200 cattle farmers of Kohdasht in February 2013. After selecting the livestock farms, he went to the livestock farm and took 10 cc of blood samples from the hand veins of the people who were active in livestock farming. After the complete collection of samples, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and measurement of serum contamination were performed to determine the contamination of serum samples with Leptospira serovars on blood serum samples. The results obtained from the MAT method were analyzed with SPSS software (Version 16) through Chi-square and Fisher's test. P<0.01 was considered as significant difference. Results: 48 serum samples (24%) were positive among 200 tested sera at the 1:100 dilution. Serum samples were shown positive reaction with two L. Grippotyphosa and L. canicola serovars. The prevalence of Grippotyphosa 66.67% and Canicola 33.33% were resulted by MAT. 31 samples (64.58%) were related to males and 17 cases (35.42%) females among 60 positive samples. The highest prevalence of Leptospira serovars was founded in more than 50 years group with 16 cases. P. value based on gender was 0.01. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Leptospira pathogenic species can survive for a long time under suitable environmental conditions (humidity and temperature). Domestic animals (cows, sheep and dogs) are considered important as hosts of this bacterium in the spread of leptospirosis and play a significant role (20). Leptospira is released into the environment through the urine of animals. Human infection with leptospirosis is caused by contact with the urine of infected animals (21). Diagnosis of leptospirosis is difficult for many doctors, and its definitive diagnosis is possible with laboratory methods. The MAT method is universally used as a reference test for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. In the present study, the prevalence of leptospirosis among farmers in Kohdasht was 24%, and the serovars Gripotiphosa and Canicula had the highest prevalence, respectively. The P value of p<0.01 was significant for gender and showed that leptospiral infection is different according to gender. All over the world, studies on the prevalence of leptospirosis have been carried out. In Iran, in 2004, the prevalence of leptospirosis in Gilan University Hospital was reported by Honarmand et al. to be 24.6% (22). In 2016, in a serological study of leptospiral infection of sheep using the MAT method in Ahvaz, Hajikolaei et al. reported the occurrence of 14.9% leptospirosis and the highest number of leptospirosis serovars was related to Pomona with 14 cases (43.8%), respectively. canicula with 7 cases (21.9%) and ictrohemorrhage with 4 cases (14.5%) (23). This study showed that transmission of leptospirosis is carried out by sheep as hosts, so livestock farmers are prone to leptospirosis. A study was conducted on dairy cows in Hamedan industrial farms in 2009 by Bahari et al., out of 80 blood samples, 18 were positive for Leptospira and the highest serovar prevalence was Canicula (21.25%) (24). This study is another proof of the susceptibility of livestock farmers to leptospirosis. In 2008, Agampodi et al. conducted a study on 404 patients with fever in Sri Lanka using the MAT method, of which 155 patients were found to have leptospirosis. In this study, the prevalence of serovars Pyrogenesis (28.7%) and Hardjo (18.8%) was reported (25). In 2012, Ngbede et al. conducted a study in Nigeria using the MAT method on 142 blood samples of cows slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, and 5 samples were found to have antibodies against Hardjo serovar (26). Goris et al. in 2013 in the Netherlands in a study they conducted on sick people concluded that serovars Ictrohemorrhagia, Hardjo, and Gripotyphosa cause severe leptospirosis in humans (27). In 2014, Dreyfus et al. used the MAT method to investigate the risk factors of leptospirosis among 567 slaughterhouse workers in New Zealand. They found that 11% of the workers had antibodies against Hardjo and Pomona serovars in their blood serum (28). Leptospirosis is related to occupation and environment (29). Floods and inundation as well as contact with animal waste are the most important factors of leptospirosis infection (30). Leptospirosis may lead to failure of liver, kidney and many organs of the body. In general, leptospirosis is spreading, so disease control should be considered. it is concluded that livestock farmers are one of the groups at risk of leptospirosis due to the presence of different leptospira serovars in animals. Livestock farmers can prevent the occurrence of leptospiral infection by controlling their safety and health. The results of this study are very useful in the research of medical and veterinary sciences as well as human and animal health and rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients and provide a lot of information to researchers in disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a devastating effect on global health systems with a ripple effect on all aspects of human life, and the outbreak of this disease began as an acute global emergency on January 30, 2020. Different governments have implemented various strategies such as border closures, travel restrictions, and quarantines even in the countries that make up the world's largest economies, raising fears of an impending economic crisis and economic stagnation. Its pandemic had a significant impact on world economic growth, and estimates so far show that the virus could reduce global economic growth if current conditions continue and increase the risk of global economic recession by approximately 2% per month, similar to what will happen during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Therefore, it is important to identify the appropriate solutions for the market to be active and the economy wheel to move, so that these solutions can play an effective role in dealing with the spread of the coronavirus and increasing the public health of society while increasing the economic cycle. The present age is the age of communication and information. In this era, the use of the Internet is expanding and it forms an important part of people's lives. Nowadays, people use the Internet and virtual space for shopping, collecting information, having conversations, and many other activities. Meanwhile, social media are the most popular parts of virtual space for public use. Social media are a group of Internet-based tools that are based on the ideological foundation and web technology and allow users to create content and exchange it. Unlike traditional media that send a one-way message to customers, social media is an ideal tool for continuous and two-way conversations with customers. Social media marketing forces organizations to use social media applications to complement traditional business methods and offers them a new way of relational evaluation. Give It seems that due to the ambiguities and limitations in the field of social media marketing, medical equipment sellers do not take much advantage of this marketing tool in the conditions of the corona disease. At the same time, all the market players need to use new methods of income generation to face threats such as many consumers and buyers not visiting in person due to the fear of corona disease. In addition, despite conducting numerous types of research in the field of social media abroad, this important field of science in the market of medical equipment has been less investigated in the current conditions of the market and especially its corona conditions. . It seems that considering the internet penetration rate of 82.12% in Iran, it is necessary to investigate and solve the issue of social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment in the conditions of corona disease, considering the existing foundations of the society; Based on this, this research aims to clarify the role of social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment in the conditions of the corona disease with the foundation's data theorizing approach. With this method, the researcher intends to produce a theory that has a deep connection with the data. As a result of this research, with the aim of identifying, categorizing, and designing the development model of social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment in the conditions of corona disease, with the approach of data theorizing, the foundation, with an emphasis on qualitative and quantitative evaluation, developed the development model of social media marketing in the purchase of equipment. Medicine deals with the corona disease, which is a basic and absolutely necessary field to deal with the field of social media marketing in the current market conditions. Therefore, the researcher seeks to design the development model of social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment in the conditions of corona disease in order to improve the general health of the people of the society with two qualitative and quantitative approaches and to answer this question: the qualitative paradigm model of social media marketing in How is the purchase of medical equipment in the conditions of corona disease to improve the public health of the society? Methods: The statistical population of this qualitative study included all academic experts and experts in the field of marketing, most of whom were members of the faculty of universities in the country, as well as experienced people in the field of marketing, especially the marketing of medical products and equipment. The statistical sample size was 25 people until reaching theoretical saturation through semi-structured Delphi interviews. Results: The results showed that the categories were identified in the form of 41 categories, 136 conceptual codes and 256 items (measures) and in the heart of the 6 structures of the paradigm model in the form of causal conditions (8 categories, 49 items, and 28 concepts), the main phenomenon and central: social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment, (3 categories, 40 items, and 13 concepts), strategies (5 categories, 46 items, and 19 concepts), background conditions (8 categories, 49 items, and 32 concepts), conditions Intervenor or mediator (8 categories, 37 items, and 29 concepts), and consequences (4 categories, 35 items, and 15 concepts) were placed. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that paying attention to the qualitative model of the development model of social media marketing in the purchase of medical equipment in viral crisis conditions can be a fundamental and necessary basis for dealing with the field of social media marketing in viral crisis conditions. Be in the market the use of social media has become a big social phenomenon as group applications, online tools, and technologies that encourage and enable participation, dialogue, free-thinking, creation, and socialization in a group of users. . Social media have several features in common. One of the most important features is that most of these sites rely heavily on usergenerated content, where it is the users who largely determine the product offered by the company. Do The large customer base has made social media very popular not only among users but also among companies that use social media as a marketing communication medium. Marketing programs based on social media are usually focused on creating content that can attract the attention of users of social sites and encourage them to share the desired content on social media. In this way, the message of the desired company/person/organization is transferred from one user to another in the form of a chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Several studies have reported that obesity causes vascular disorders in all tissues such as the heart and even the central nervous system along with disorders in the function of the hypothalamus, in such a way that these disorders in the nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus as the center of homeostasis and control of satiety and hunger can cause a significant increase in weight at different ages and even in children. Recent studies have led researchers to the etiology of this global epidemic and have drawn their attention to the influence of genetics, environmental factors, social and behavioral factors. Appetite is a physiological response to eating food, and behavioral signals and energy fluctuations throughout the day regulate the appetite in the central nervous system. Among these, the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin can cause the development and evolution of some behaviors related to appetite through the regulation of the interval between two meals and the role of this neurotransmitter in inducing satiety. On the other hand, some studies have shown that moderate and intense sports activity and even intense intermittent exercise led to an increase in serotonin levels, which can have an effect on the caloric intake of obese women. In addition, recently, the attention of sports science researchers has been drawn to the use of medicinal plants effective in fat metabolism. Among medicinal herbs, there has been a recent increase in interest in naturally sweet herbs such as stevia and garlic. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on serotonin gene expression and serotonin receptor in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats. Methods: 35 obese male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (24 grams of fat, 24 grams of protein and 41 grams of carbohydrates per 100 grams) were divided into seven groups, including: 1) Sham. 2) stevia supplement, 3) garlic supplement, 4) endurance exercise, 5) stevia supplement+endurance exercise, 6) garlic supplement+endurance exercise, and 7) healthy control. The training groups performed incremental endurance training for 15-50 minutes at a speed of 15-25 meters per minute, five sessions per week for eight weeks. Garlic and stevia supplements were added to the diet of the supplemented groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg. 48 hours after the last training session and in a state of 12 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylosin (15 mg/kg) in a ratio of 3 to 1. Further, after ensuring complete anesthesia and painlessness, rats were perfused with 10 cc of 9% sodium chloride to drain the brain tissue from the blood. In order to extract the brain tissue, first the rats were completely restrained and after cutting the upper part of the skull, the brain tissue was carefully separated, and after weighing and washing, they were placed in special tissue preservation cryotypes and immediately cooled to -80 were transferred. The qReal Time PCR method was used to measure the gene expression levels of the variables in the brain tissue. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for the data analysis. All statistical methods were performed using SPSS version 26 software at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: Regarding serotonin, the results showed that there was no significant difference in serotonin gene expression level between the healthy control group and the sham group (P = 0.903). Also, there was no significant difference between the sham group with stevia (P = 0.856), garlic (P = 0.994), endurance training+stevia (P = 0.303) and endurance training+garlic (P = 0.094). However, the results showed that the serotonin gene expression level of the endurance exercise group was significantly higher than that of the sham group (P = 0.000). Another important result is that there was no significant difference between the stevia and garlic groups (P = 0.996). However, adding endurance training to stevia had a significant effect on serotonin gene expression, so that the level of serotonin gene expression in the stevia+exercise group was significantly higher than the stevia group (P = 0.022). Also, adding endurance training to garlic caused the level of serotonin gene expression in the garlic+exercise group to be significantly higher than the stevia (P = 0.005) and garlic (P = 0.021) groups. Finally, the expression level of serotonin gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the serotonin receptor, the results showed that the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the healthy control group is significantly higher than the sham group (P = 0.003). Also, the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in stevia (P = 0.000), exercise (P = 0.000), exercise+garlic (P = 0.002) groups was significantly higher than the sham group. From other important results, it can be stated that the level of serotonin receptor gene expression in the stevia group was significantly higher than that of the garlic group (P = 0.000). Adding endurance exercise to stevia caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly lower than the stevia group (P = 0.000). But, adding endurance exercise to garlic caused the serotonin receptor gene expression level to be significantly higher than the garlic group (P = 0.006). Finally, the expression level of the serotonin receptor gene in the exercise group was significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise with stevia supplement with AMPK activation mechanism activates hormone-sensitive lipase, improves fat and sugar metabolism and increases the expression of metabolic proteins in the hypothalamus. Therefore, it seems that consumption of stevia and aerobic exercise have synergistic effects in modulating and increasing serotonin in the brain tissue of desert rats exposed to high-fat food. Therefore, it can be concluded that endurance training with stevia supplementation synergistically affects the appetite control protein. However, more studies are needed on the changes in serotonin and serotonin receptor levels following the exercise and supplements used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Considering that today the progress and success of any society depends on its members, it can be said that the progress and development in any group is owed to the human resources of that organization (1). One of the most important factors that indicate correct management and can increase the efficiency of the organization is paying attention to psychological issues (2). Human resources and their success are related to psychological and sports characteristics. In other words, the development and progress of the real performance of the countries has different indicators, one of the most important of which is sports (3). The importance of physical training and exercise is increasing day by day (4). The categories of culture and sports have a close and close relationship with soft war, and they basically overlap with each other (5). The target point of soft war is cultural customs, beliefs, and beliefs that in a calm and tension-free atmosphere, one can engage in cultural bias by creating special tastes (6), which should take into account psychological characteristics. People have different influence in this direction (7). The study of people's behavior is in the field of psychological activities (8). The Middle East region, like Iran, has always been the focus of other countries due to its geographical features and natural resources. This issue has caused problems in this region and wars in this region (9). The definitions related to war and terrorism show that paying attention to the management of war and terrorism as well as investigating the effects of war and terrorism is one of the most important and current issues in the societies (8). One of the areas that is definitely under the influence of war and terrorism is sports. Sports and war and, in this regard, psychological characteristics and other factors have interacted (13), because sports as a bridge between nations play an important role in strengthening communication between societies. Also, sport creates solidarity in regions and communities (14). In this regard, the intelligence and tact of those involved will make the sport always experience the refinement of the system's respected beliefs and the value in this field will be brought to the fore based on religious and jurisprudential foundations, and finally it will not be attacked by the strategy of soft war (8). In various researches, sports, war and politics have been examined (13) and they found that sports are under the influence due to the occurrence of disputes and wars, and on the other hand, sports can be implemented in societies to reduce the effects of war (17). Cleland (2019) specified in his research that war causes problems in this regard due to damage to irrigation structures (14). On the other hand, Cha (2013) specified that terrorist activities cause the image of sports events to be damaged (15). Shariati Goodarzi (2014) pointed out that terrorist activities cause the audience of sports events to decrease (11). The lack of research in the fields of sports and war has caused that, in the first stage, solutions to reduce the negative effects of war and terrorism on the image of sports in Islamic countries are not available (18) and in the second stage, it has caused the few programs and activities carried out with this purpose to gain Major and essential successes should not be made (19). According to the guidelines of Islam in various areas including war, the use of Quranic verses, hadiths and Islamic orders regarding war can reduce war and terrorism as well as improve the state of sports (11). This problem caused the present research to be conducted with the aim of studying the psychological and non-psychological dimensions and investigating the solutions of the negative effects of war on the society. Methods: The current research is applied research and in terms of the data collection method, it was conducted in the field. The statistical population included experts knowledgeable about sports and politics. After identifying these people (n=34), all these people were identified as the research sample based on the whole number sampling method. In order to identify these samples, the purposeful sampling method was used. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The whole research data analysis process was done using Superdesign and BT Topsys solver software. Results: The results showed that 87.5% of the people participating in the research are men and 12.5% are women. 81.22% had a doctoral degree and 18.78% had a master's degree or lower. The results showed that the military war has an effect of -0.198 on the image of Middle Eastern sports. Also, psychological warfare has an effect of -0.387 on the image of Middle East sports. Conclusion: The present research determined that the war in military and psychological dimensions as well as the presence of terrorism causes the reduction of the image of sports in Islamic countries. It was also found that war and terrorism, due to their negative effects, reduce the image of sports in Islamic countries. This issue shows the destructive nature of war and terrorism on various aspects including sports. Although sport has a wide potential in the world and even according to previous researches (7,10,11,20,21) sport has a positive role in improving the political situation, but sport itself suffers from some unpleasant political events such as war and terrorism. It is found that it is in line with the background of the research (14,15). This issue shows that the relationship between sports and the international environment is a two-way relationship that can both lead to the reduction of some international tensions and be affected by the tensions formed at the international level. It seems that war and terrorism are closely related to sports. Meanwhile, the high tensions in the Middle East in recent years have made sports unable to play a central role in reducing these tensions, and this has caused the image of sports in Islamic countries to decrease. On the other hand, it seems that the interference of some foreign countries has caused the tensions in the Middle East so that sports cannot play a central role in the development of relations in Islamic countries. War affects sports due to the occurrence of negative psychological currents. On the other hand, various researches pointed to the negative effects of terrorism on sports (17,20,21,22). Mental toughness and psychological factors are among the factors of success and excellent performance of athletes (23), but stress and mental wars are considered negative factors in performance (24). Mental health is at risk based on alcohol, stress and many other factors (25). It seems that the military and psychological war as well as the occurrence of terrorism in two aspects cause problems for the sport of Islamic countries. In the first stage, this war and terrorism caused physical destructive effects on Islamic countries, which caused the lack of development of some sports infrastructures. According to the results of this research, some suggestions are made: creating a sports television network for sports in Islamic countries in order to establish sports communication, accepting the hosting of important sports events by Islamic countries and cooperation between Islamic countries in order to take pride in holding these events, holding regular sports competitions for the solidarity of Islamic countries and extensive media coverage of these competitions to broadcast at the international level, holding symbolic sports competitions between Islamic countries with tension to reduce the existing tensions, inviting prominent sports teams to participate in Islamic countries and holding joint camps and competitions to expand the sports interactions of the countries Islamic with other countries. In short, war has a negative and significant relationship with the image of sports, and this reduction itself has bad psychological effects on the sports community. According to the results of creating a sports network covering the sports of Islamic countries, it is the best solution for managing and controlling war and terrorism in the way of improving the image of the sports of Islamic countries with emphasis on Islamic verses and traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Nowadays, imaging of the blood supply of the heart muscle by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) due to its non-invasive nature and providing information with physiological value and low cost compared to the valuable angiography method. It is highly diagnostic. But these images undergo changes and artifacts under the influence of factors, the result of which is the reduction of the diagnostic accuracy of the images and false positive cases. During the detection process, several physical effects such as attenuation, scattering, and collimator response function affect the frequency of emitted photons; this leads to the destruction of the contrast and as a result of reducing the quantitative and qualitative accuracy of the images. Attenuation, as the most destructive factor of SPECT images, reduces the quality of SPECT images of heart blood supply and reduces the sensitivity of tests related to the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases, and for non-uniform environments, especially in nuclear imaging of chest areas. And the heart is necessary to produce a map of patient attenuation coefficients. The existence of scattered photons is also one of the main factors of error in quantization; the detection of scattered events affects the contrast of the lesions and causes the lack of image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, to correct the attenuation and scattering of the rays in the heart images quantitatively and qualitatively, patterns are needed in SPECT systems. Due to the importance of the topic, various research groups around the world have presented their research and results on correcting the effect of scattering of rays and also correcting the effect of weakening the rays. If there was no limitation of energy resolution, it was easily possible to identify the scattered rays and prevent them from being recorded in the image. Because we know that scattered rays lose energy. Because gamma rays are single energy and their energy amount is completely known. Therefore, each photon with less energy will represent scattered rays, but due to the limited energy resolution of the gamma camera, a range is usually considered on the sides of the main energy, which is called the energy window. It is assumed that the photons recorded in this energy range are primary photons, but in fact, many photons scattered in the body are also recorded in this window. These scattered rays do not carry correct spatial information and lead to a decrease in image resolution and contrast and quantization errors in the image. In nuclear medicine, instead of researching and examining the patient or processing the image of the patient, simulated images can be examined. Simulators can provide information about each of the image destruction factors. The purpose of this research is to propose a new method for scattering correction, in this research, a combination of Monte Carlo and modeling is used for the rapid production of scattered views, and in the proposed method, the two-matrix method is used, this method At the stage of generating mathematical views, dispersion is added and this problem leads to the removal of scattered rays. As a result, an image is reconstructed that is free from the effects of attenuation and non-ideal dispersion and leads to an increase in contrast and improvement of power. Detecting waste, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, and increasing the accuracy of quantification. Methods: In this study, the effect of applying attenuation and dispersion correction using two energy windows (DEW) and three energy windows (TEW) methods in cardiac aspect imaging was investigated and evaluated, and to simulate cardiac aspect imaging, a special code similar to SAR Monte Carlo GATE was used as the SPECT imaging system and XCAT digital phantom with activity distribution and realistic attenuation map was used to model the human trunk. Results: Comparison of image contrast improvement in different modes of attenuation and dispersion correction shows that the highest image contrast is obtained from the (TEW1+AC) method with an average increase of 25% and MSE in different modes of attenuation correction. And the dispersion compared to the reference image was reduced from 51.5% to 54.5%. Compared to the reference image, MSE decreased from 1.4 in Un_Cor to 1.15, 1.13, 1.12, and 1.14 in AC+TEW1, AC+DEW, AC, and AC+TEW2, respectively, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increased up to 71% in all methods of applying dispersion correction along with attenuation correction compared to applying attenuation correction (AC). Conclusion: In this study, the effect of attenuation and dispersion correction in 5 non-correction modes, with attenuation correction, attenuation, and dispersion correction using two-window and three-window methods with triangular approximation and three-window with trapezoidal approximation on We evaluated XCAT phantom simulated images and heart muscle perfusion images by SPECT method and 4 different parameters were used to compare and evaluate the images, including profile, contrast, mean squared error (MSE) and signal to noise. According to the results of the quantification of reconstructed images, it is possible to apply dispersion correction along with attenuation correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Attention to psychological issues has always been emphasized by psychologists and it has been mentioned as a field for predicting behaviors and identifying the causes of behaviors. The importance of psychological issues is so great that today, by examining the psychological dimensions of people, many problems and dilemmas of their lives can be identified and solutions can be applied to manage it. This has led to attention to the psychological dimensions of important and key people more than ever. In the meantime, psychological ability as one of the important characteristics of successful people has always played an important role in people's success. The use of psychological empowerment capabilities in individual domains has led to its use as an internal force to strengthen individual behaviors and attitudes. This issue has led to various studies to improve the psychological empowerment of individuals and extensive efforts to improve the level of psychological empowerment among all groups. One of the important issues that affect the behavioral aspects of people along with psychological empowerment is moral behaviors. Ethical behaviors play an important role in the development and promotion of ethics. Nowadays, ethical behaviors due to their impact on the environment have been identified as an important factor in the development of ethics. Ethical behaviors cause people to have an important understanding of the importance of morality and to do their utmost to develop and spread morality. Using the capabilities of psychological empowerment and ethical behaviors to improve individual performance can improve the productivity of individuals and groups. Understanding the role of psychological empowerment and ethical behaviors in some variables such as competitiveness, while creating scientific evidence in this area can lead to the formation of strategies to improve competitiveness. Due to the destructive nature of some aspects of competitiveness, the use of psychological empowerment capacities and ethical behaviors can play an effective role in the formation of desirable and positive competitiveness. In view of the above, in the present study, the researcher seeks to answer the question: Do psychological competence and moral behavior affect competitiveness? Methods: The present research is a descriptive-survey research and from the purpose perspective, it is one of the applied researches that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the present study included managers and deputies of municipalities in the north of the country (242 people). Also, to collect data in the present study, three questionnaires of psychological empowerment of Park and SEO (2019), which include 4 questions. In the present study, the reliability of this questionnaire was determined to be 0.81. Loser (2013) questionnaire was used to assess moral behavior. This questionnaire consists of 15 questions. In the present study, the reliability of this questionnaire was determined to be 0.84. Ozdemir and Aslan (2012) questionnaire with 11 questions was used to assess competitiveness. In the present study, the reliability of this questionnaire was determined to be 0.80. Finally, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the natural distribution of data and structural equations were used using SPSS software version 20 and PLS version 3 software to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that psychological empowerment has an effect on competitiveness of 0.234. It was also found that ethical behavior has an effect on competitiveness of 0.694 (Table 2). It was also found that the research and model variables have a good fit (criteria higher than 0.7). On the other hand, considering that the desired value of this Q2 index is higher than 0.32, it can be said that the rate of Q2 index in the identified factors is in a favorable position (Table 4). Finally, considering that the desired value of GOF index is higher than 0.36, it was found that the research model has a good fit in all indicators. Conclusion: The present study found that psychological empowerment improves competitiveness. In other words, improving the level of psychological empowerment increases the level of competitiveness in its positive aspect. Psychological empowerment seems to create positive capacities among people. Psychological empowerment means the release of forces, the inner strength of individuals as well as the provision of opportunities and opportunities for the development of talents, abilities and competencies. This has led to the psychological empowerment of positive capacities to improve the abilities of individuals and thus improve the skills to perform competitively. This issue has caused that in the present study, psychological empowerment due to its capacities and ability to influence the behaviors and attitudes of individuals improves the competitiveness. The present study also found that ethical behavior improves competitiveness. In other words, improving the level of ethical behaviors improves the level of competitiveness of individuals. It seems that moral behaviors by promoting values and ethics cause people's behaviors to be done properly to improve success. In other words, moral behaviors cause people to have a good level of behavior and as a result, have a good performance in order to achieve success. Ethical behaviors will be the initial basis for the formation of a suitable atmosphere in groups and organizations in order to improve performance, and this issue causes ethical behaviors to improve the context for improving competitiveness. This issue has led to the present study to improve the ethical behaviors to improve the competitiveness of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of suicide based on resilience and cognitive distortion with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents. Methods: The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptivecorrelation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002). Results: The findings showed that the standardized factor loading for all questions is more than 0.4. It can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at a significance level of 0.05. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Further, in order to confirm the factor analysis model and document the obtained results, it is necessary that the fit indices of the model are acceptable. The following table shows the indicators used along with their values. In the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI) and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) have all been calculated at a reasonable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indices, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. Also, in the research model, the chi-square value of the degree of freedom is 1.485 and smaller than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.040 and less than 0.08. The comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) are equal to 0.96, 0.86 and 0.96, respectively, and all of them are at a very favorable level, so the model shows a good fit and is approved. The findings showed that the existence of a relationship between resilience and suicide tendency is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.149.Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and inverse relationship between resilience and the tendency to commit suicide. On the other hand, the existence of a relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent (resilience) and dependent (suicidal) variables, Baron and Kenny's test was used. According to the conceptual model of the research, in addition to the direct relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency, its indirect relationship can also be obtained through the mediating variable of moral identity. Based on the findings in the first stage and the initial model, which considered only the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendencies, this relationship is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.340. In the next step, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of resilience and tendency to commit suicide. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.340 to -0.149 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency is confirmed. Also, the investigation of the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide was determined. In the first stage and the initial model, which only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next step, the mediator variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency is confirmed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant relationship between resilience and tendency to commit suicide on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that teaching resilience skills and recognizing distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the school authorities and the country and should be on their agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Today, unlike in the past, each person's ability to learn is not dependent only on his intelligence and talents. In addition to the intrinsic factors of intelligence and talent, according to new theories, non-intrinsic factors such as self-regulatory strategies are considered effective in learning. Self-regulation was first proposed in 1967 by Bandura. There are several definitions of self-regulation, which shows that researchers have not reached the same view on this component, but it should be noted that the common denominator of all definitions, self-regulation is a set of psychological efforts to control the internal situation., To achieve long-term goals. In general, self-regulation refers to the ability of individuals to control their thoughts, emotions, and behavior, and studies have shown that people with high self-regulation are at a higher level in terms of interpersonal relationships, mental health, and academic achievement. Take. Students with academic self-regulation are hard-working and innovative learners and do not simply give up in dealing with issues and problems, they consider learning as an active process during which some responsibility must be taken. Accept and in case of problems try to understand what they need to solve it. There are several definitions of self-regulation, which shows that researchers have not reached the same view on this component. Several definitions of self-regulation will be presented below, but it should be noted that the common denominator of all definitions is self-regulation. Introduce psychological efforts to control the inner state to achieve long-term goals. Self-regulation of learning is one of the important and effective components of students' education and various studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between this component and other psychological components that in some cases these results are not consistent with each other in general and Given the above, the purpose of this study is to answer the question whether successful emotional adjustment and intelligence can predict self-regulation of learning? Methods: The method of the present study is a correlation. The statistical population of the present study was male and female high school students in Tehran, which according to statistics numbered over 500,000 students, and using the Cochran's formula, 400 subjects is enough for this population, but for more validity of the results, 600 the student was selected as a multi-stage cluster. To conduct the research, the research license was first obtained from the university to refer to schools in Tehran. Then, in coordination with the education of Tehran, educational districts and schools were selected. At this stage, three districts were selected from among the 19 districts of Tehran to represent the socio-economic status of the whole city, and one girls' school from each district. A boys' area was selected. In the next step, the schools were referred to and the purpose of the research was explained to the school principals. Attended a meeting and after explaining the research and agreeing to cooperate, completed the Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (SRQ-A); Successful Intelligence Questionnaire; they completed the Emotional Adjustment Scale (EAM). Results: The results of this study were analyzed using SPSS-18 software and simultaneous regression analysis method and the results showed that successful emotional adjustment and intelligence were positive and significant (p = 0.001) Predict learning self-regulation. Conclusion: Conclusion: The aim of this study was to investigate the question of whether emotional adaptation and successful intelligence can predict learning self-regulation? The results show that emotional adjustment and successful intelligence have a significant relationship with learning self-regulation and in addition, they have the ability to predict this component positively, which means that the higher the emotional adjustment and successful intelligence. Learning self-regulation will also be higher. In order to investigate the factors affecting learning self-regulation, numerous studies have shown the existence of complex and strong relationships between different psychological components and learning self-regulatory strategies. In explaining the relationship between successful intelligence and learning selfregulation, it can be said that children with high successful intelligence have less stereotyped thinking, and this issue causes them to use different approaches to solve their problems in different situations, and this ability gives them Help achieve the goals. Also, children with high successful intelligence learn about different uses of information and also how to use this information in different life situations, and this meditation on their information increases selfregulation and higher motivation in learning, which is one of the reasons. Another effect of successful intelligence is on the growth of learning self-regulation. Also, high successful intelligence causes more goal-oriented behavior. In other words, self-regulation and successful intelligence act in the same way because both cause students' goal-oriented behaviors. It shows the deep connection between these two components. Another component that has been considered in the present study is emotional adjustment and its relationship with learning selfregulation. Studies have shown that high emotional adjustment in students makes them less involved in marginal issues. And become dangerous, such as criminal groups, physical conflicts, etc., which in turn leads to a greater focus on goals and better self-regulation of education. The emotional adjustment also allows students to better control their negative emotions towards the environment or some subjects, and this plays an important role in their academic self-regulation, while if they can not control their negative emotions towards the subjects. And control environment will have low academic self-regulation. On the other hand, it should be considered that low emotional adjustment will cause more aggression and abnormal behaviors in the school environment, and this will lead to punitive behaviors by school officials and parents, which will cause the whole educational process of knowledge. The learner will be impressed. In other words, emotional regulation does not directly but by affecting the student's behavior, and the feedback he observes from his behavior affects the whole process of student's education and academic self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented changes and alarmed many aspects of our existence. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the countries were quarantined, many people were in their homes due to social distancing and with the stress of facing an uncertain future and fear of death and loss of family members, and also economic problems caused by the disease caused psychological problems in many sections of the society (1). Wearing a mask is one of the non-pharmacological intervention measures that can be implemented effectively with minimal cost and without disrupting social activities (2). Also, one of the important strategies to prevent the spread of disease during sports activities in public environments, whether outdoors or in gyms, is to use a mask; In this regard, research results show that wearing a mask during sports can prevent the virus from spreading into the air and other people from contracting the corona virus (3, 4). The importance of wearing a mask went so far that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that everyone wear a face mask for more than two years; especially when exercising indoors or when in public places (5). Despite the recommendation that people should use a face mask as a daily habit, wearing a mask during physical activity or sports may potentially have negative effects on the physiology. Therefore, masks should not be used during intense physical activity; because they lead to a decrease in the quality of breathing. Also, sweat can cause the mask to get wet faster, which makes breathing difficult and causes the growth of microorganisms (6, 7). Studies by Person et al. (2018) also show that wearing a mask in a 6-minute walking test has an effect on the heart rate of healthy adults (8). In this regard, the studies of Mapelley et al. (2021) showed that the increase in the feeling of shortness of breath with the use of a protective mask during exercise is more intense (9). The COVID-19 outbreak is having a profound impact on almost every aspect of life. Universal mask coverage is recommended as a means of controlling this disease. Regular exercise in a safe environment is an important strategy for healthy living in this crisis (1). Since gyms and public spaces may be sources of virus transmission, masking may become an integral part of physical activity (7). On the other hand, one of the main problems of using a mask is that it can prevent breathing. Also, the mask is gradually moistened and its resistance to incoming air increases (18). According to the mentioned materials, the purpose of this research is to compare the effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic and resistance) with a double-layered medical and fabric mask on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of young non-athletes. Methods: In this semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design, among untrained young men with an age range of 35-25 years (average age 29.40 years, average height 175.30 cm, average weight 73.37 kg and body mass index 23.56 kg/m2 ) Tehran city, 40 participants were selected purposefully and randomly in four groups of 1- combined exercises with medical mask, 2-combined exercises with cloth mask, 3- combined exercises and 4- control. In this research, the shuttle run test was used to measure VO2max of the subjects; then, using the relevant formula, the estimation of the VO2max level of the subjects was calculated. The intervention phase was conducted in eight weeks and 3 sessions every week and every other day, the exercise groups performed a combined exercise program (aerobic-resistance training) using a medical mask, a cloth mask and without a mask. During this time, the control group was doing their daily activities. The obtained data were analyzed using paired sample t-test, analysis of covariance and post hoc Benferoni test. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 24 at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that combined exercise training significantly increases the VO2max of young men (P<0.01), but other results showed that the use of a medical mask and cloth mask decreases the VO2max compared to the training group without mask (P<0.01). Also, other results showed that there is no significant difference between cloth and medical masks in cardio-respiratory indices of young men (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that combined exercises both with the use of masks (medical and cloth mask) and alone (without the use of masks) significantly increased the VO2max of young men. In line with the current research, Jimeno-Almazán et al. (2023) showed that combined exercises increase the maximum oxygen consumption in patients who have recovered from Corona (24). Also, PrietoGonzalez et al. (2022) showed that combined training increases the VO2max in recreational endurance athletes (25). In addition, Khalifi et al. (2022) in a review study showed that combined exercises, compared to aerobic exercises and separate resistance exercises, cause more improvement in heart and sweat factors in middle-aged men (26). In examining the effect of mask on VO2max, the findings of our research showed that combined training with either fabric or medical mask reduces VO2max in young men compared to combined training without mask. In line with the findings of the present study, Driver et al. (2022), reported a decrease in VO2max during sports activity with a cloth mask (5). Umutlu et al. (2021) also reported a decrease in VO2max during exercise with a surgical mask (35). Although in these two studies, the acute effect of sports activity on VO2max was investigated, but probably the cumulative effects of training sessions are also related to the acute effect of training sessions, and the adaptations resulting from long-term training are also consistent with the training response on VO2max. Overall, the results of this research showed that the use of combined exercises with and without the use of a mask increased VO2max in non-athletic men. Also, the results of our research showed that using a mask during sports training reduces VO2max improvement compared to training without a sports mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Every year, in Iran and the world, many researches are conducted in the field of stress, anxiety and depression, especially in the field of treatment, and on the other hand, the lives of people who are involved with these problems are greatly disturbed and the inefficiencies caused by these problems make their lives miserable. It seriously affects and in general due to the very high prevalence of these disorders, huge time, energy and costs are imposed on individuals and governments every year, both in the field of treatment and in the field of research. Mental disorders have gained special importance due to the current tense world, which among mental disorders, anxiety, stress and depression have a long history and high prevalence and have attracted the attention of researchers. Anxiety, stress and depression have been considered throughout the history of psychology due to their unfortunate consequences and high prevalence. Knowing the causes of these disorders and effective treatment solutions for these disorders have always been considered, and therefore, many researches have been conducted in this field and a large amount of financial and human resources have been allocated to them. Although a lot of money has been spent on these issues, the results of the conducted research are not consistent and even sometimes contradictory results are obtained in the research. Therefore, the application of contradictory research results, publication, interpretation, evaluation and recognition of their weak points requires a solution based on the correct review and analysis of the research background, the use of conflicting evidence and the use of a combined method. For this reason, we take help from meta-analysis for this matter. In fact, meta-analysis is a method that can be used to infer the differences in the conducted research and to combine the results of various and numerous researches and extract new and coherent results and remove what causes bias in the final results and to solve problems and reach it contributes to more accurate results. The result of the research that has been done in order to present and improve the treatment methods is a very high volume of studies that have contradictory and scattered results. Therefore, this issue makes it difficult for researchers and therapists to draw conclusions and provide treatment services. Therefore, the application and use of meta-analysis research method can play a significant role in organizing the scattered results and resolve the contradictions in the data. Statistically, meta-analysis discovers the relationships between characteristics and research findings by converting the results of previous research into a common scale. The necessity of this research and metaanalysis research in general is due to the low sample size studied in intervention studies. The results of such studies are estimated to be biased compared to studies with larger samples. In these cases, the meta-analysis method by combining related studies and calculating the effect size of the investigated hypotheses is actually evaluated with larger samples. The findings of this type of research will be fruitful both in the field of science and research development and in the field of application and treatment and will bring many advantages. Researchers, professors and students can use the information and results of the research to choose the exact and correct area of their research, in other words, by determining the areas that need more research, it becomes possible to expand the theoretical area, also if the results are, show the ineffectiveness of treatment, a research field will be provided so that those interested in that field of treatment can review and make effective changes in the treatment protocol and in future research, they can improve and improve treatment methods. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze the results of the research conducted in the field of the effectiveness of integrative treatment approaches on the occurrence of depression symptoms by using the meta-analysis technique. Methods: The study method was meta-analysis, and its statistical population included Persian studies, which were searched for Persian language articles in the databases of specialized Persian journals with keywords integrative, integrative approach, integrative treatment, integrative therapeutic approaches, integrative group therapy, integrative positive psychotherapy and Depression, separately and in combination, were searched. As a result of the search process, 16 articles related to the topic were obtained and after the process of removing studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were removed and 9 articles were found suitable for this meta-analysis. CMA2 software was used for data analysis. Results: Examining the questions showed that the effect size of integrative treatment approaches on depression is equal to 62.3%. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that this research can greatly help therapists in the field of depression, and therapists using the results can make their patients' recovery more effective and efficient by choosing the correct method of treatment and implementing it effectively. Accelerate the treatment process and reduce the suffering of their patients. In the above explanation, it can be said that depressed people also suppress positive emotions. Strengthening the capabilities of gratitude, hope and vitality probably play a role in increasing positive emotions. It can be said that in the etiology of depression, the reduction of positive emotions indirectly helps the occurrence of depression symptoms through the increase of negative emotions. In this way, in addition to increasing positive emotions, strengthening the mentioned capabilities is also effective in regulating negative emotions. On the other hand, the increase in personality abilities may lead to the improvement of coping strategies in depressed people. Depressed people generally suffer from a sense of emptiness and meaninglessness in life. In the integrative therapeutic approach, various strategies are used to strengthen emotional regulation. For example, to strengthen the ability to forgive, the therapist helps clients identify negative emotions such as anger and hatred and express them during the therapy session. Also, in these meetings, clients face painful events from the past and reframe them if necessary. In the critical thinking sessions, ineffective cognitions related to negative emotions are identified and replaced with efficient cognitions. In this way, the client can better accept his inner experiences such as negative thoughts, anger and hatred. It can be said that by relying on an integrated program of treatment and introducing emotions to people, tracking mood and activity level, familiarizing with creating small behavioral changes and evaluating them, teaching common mental traps, preparing a list of pleasurable activities and other stages and steps presented in the research; There was a significant difference in the depression of people before and after the implementation and it has been effective in reducing depression. Also, with the effort that takes place in the integrative treatment approach for behavioral acceptance of the existing situation, and in practice, more patience and tolerance occurs in the relationship between the patient and his spouse, the platform for positive social exchange is provided, which is one of the platforms and areas for strengthening social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]