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Introduction: Inflammation can cause damage to the central nervous system, leading to neuropathological diseases such as stroke, pain, schizophrenia, and Alzheimers. AIM2 is a member of the PYHIN hematopoietic nuclear protein family that binds to cytosolic DNA and activates caspase-1, one of the inflammatory-mediated caspases that activates proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a swimming training course on the expression of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Methods: The statistical population of this study included 16 male Wistar rats (6 weeks) divided into two groups: a group without training and an endurance training group. Eight rats were placed in each group. The group without training did not engage in any sports activities, while the training group participated in a swimming training session. After a 4-day familiarization period, the rats swam for 30 minutes from the fifth day. Independent T-test was used to evaluate the interventions, and all statistical calculations were done using SPSS statistical software. Results: The results of this research showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in the level of caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that endurance swimming training can effectively reduce caspase-1 and AIM2 proteins. Therefore, it is possible that exercise, by reducing inflammatory factors, can be a potential treatment for diseases caused by inflammation, such as sclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Head lice (Pediculus capitis) infestation is considered an important hygienic problem in developing countries. The aim of study was to compare 1% permethrin shampoo and 4% dimethicone lotion effects for treatment of infected head lice students in primary girl schools in Gotvand County, Khuzestan province. Methods: The studied population was first- to sixth-grade students in elementary schools. Positive cases with head lice after identification (304 persons) were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Permethrin shampoo and dimethicone lotion were allocated for the first and the second groups, respectively. The drug therapeutic effects were studied after 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS software. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1399.778). Results: In total, 304 students participated in the study. The age of students ranged between 7 and 12 years which 47.7% of them were between 7 and 8 years. Also 60.9 and 39.1% of them were in urban and rural schools, respectively. The drug effectiveness were 46.1, 69.5 and 100, and 77.6, 85.3 and 100% for permethrin and dimethicone in the first, second and third intervals after treatment, respectively. There was a significant difference between the effect of drugs in the first interval (P = 0.00) after treatment but there was not a significant difference between the second (P = 0.084) and the third (P = 0.43) intervals after treatment. Conclusions: It is recommended the use of dimethicone lotion and permethrin shampoo as the first and second option, respectively in eliminating the head lice infestation in primary girl schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Athletes use diverse strategies, including caffeine supplementation, to reduce fatigue and improve their performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the post-activation potentiation method and caffeine supplementation on peripheral fatigue after Wikstrom's fatigue protocol in young male volleyball players. Methods: In this study, forty male volleyball players with an average age of 27.33 ± 1.78 years and an average weight of 76.5 ± 7.45 kg participated. They were divided into four experimental groups: a group that used only the PAP method (n=10), a group that consumed only caffeine (n=10), a group that both performed PAP and consumed caffeine (n=10), and a control group (n=10). For the groups receiving caffeine, a caffeine supplement was administered at a dose of 6 mg per kilogram of body weight, 15 minutes before starting the protocol. PAP exercises were performed at an intensity of 70% of the one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken one hour before and one hour after completing the Wikstrom six-station protocol. All subjects participated in this study voluntarily and they had no illness or injury at the start of the research. Results: The results of the present study showed that the implementation of PAP along with caffeine showed a significant increase in the variables of time to exhaustion and the number of rounds (p<0.05), while the rate of ammonia showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). In contrast, uric acid showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study, showed that the use of caffeine reduces peripheral fatigue. Also, since the use of PAP did not have an adverse effect on the participant's performance, athletes can use this method concurrently with caffeine to improve their performance in endurance activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of problem solving training on life orientation, positive and negative emotions, and learned helplessness in incompatible couples in Qaemshahr city. Methods: The method of the present research was an experiment and a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Qaemshahr city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Then, the subjects of the experimental group received problem solving training during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect data from life orientation questionnaires (Shier and Carver, 1994), positive and negative affect (Watson et al., 1988) and learned helplessness (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) in two stages before and after training in both groups (experiment and control) were used. Results: The findings from the analysis of covariance test showed that problem solving training improved optimism in life orientation, increased positive emotion, and reduced learned helplessness in the tested group (p=0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings of the present research, in the field of therapy and counseling of incompatible couples, training in problem solving for the compatibility of couples and solving their conflicts; It looks very efficient and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of family therapy based on family consolidation on marital conflicts and sexual satisfaction of couples applying for divorce. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all couples applying for divorce who referred to counseling centers in Kerman city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as available and were replaced in two experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups randomly and by lottery method. Family therapy intervention based on family consolidation was conducted in 8 sessions twice a week for 90 minutes and after 3 months of follow-up. In order to collect data, Barati and Sanai's Marital Conflict Questionnaire and Larson's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used with SPSS version 24 software. Results: The results showed that family therapy based on family consolidation had an effect on reducing marital conflicts (P < 0.001, F = 37.24) and increasing sexual satisfaction (P < 0.001, F = 126.34) of couples applying for divorce (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results of this research, it is recommended to use family therapy based on family consolidation in reducing marital conflicts and increasing sexual satisfaction of couples applying for divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The dentist's level of knowledge and abilities is one of the determining factors in the correct selection and application of dental cements. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists and specialists about the application of different dental cements. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was cross-sectional one which conducted on 150 specialist and general dentists in governmental and private centers in Kurdistan province (2019) who performed fixed prosthetic treatments, was done through census and available sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. To analyze data, T-test and ANOVA tests were used in SPSS-22 software. A significance level was considered less than 0.05. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted after the approval of the protocol in the research ethics committee and receiving the ethical code number IR.MUK.REC.1398.302 and according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The overall average score of dentists' knowledge was 6.5, which was close to and higher than the average scores and had a significant relationship with the grade and place of employment (P<0.05). The overall average score of attitude was 3.4, which was almost equal to the average scores. There was a significant relationship between grade and gender with attitude score (P<0.05). The overall average score of the dentists' practice was 5, which was higher than the average scores, and the practice score had a significant relationship with gender, place of employment, and grade (P<0.05). Conclusions: The average score of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists was average, and in general, the scores of specialists were higher than general dentists. Women had a higher attitude and practice score. People working in the private sector had a higher knowledge score. To increase the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists, there is a need to hold training courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: On average, patients suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis after about seven years, their disease turns into fibrosis and reversibility at this stage becomes very difficult because this disease is an irreversible stage of the disease. Therefore, the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training in water on inflammatory factors in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was investigated. Methods: In this study, eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into healthy (n=20) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=20) groups. After eight weeks and proof of disease induction, the HFD group was randomly divided into two groups: control-disease (n=9) and exercisedisease (n=9); Also, the healthy group was divided into two groups: control-healthy (n=9) and exercise-healthy (n=9). The rats in the training group performed HIIT swimming training, including 20 times of 30 seconds of swimming with 30 seconds of rest between each time, for eight weeks (three days a week). One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test (P<0.05) were used to determine the difference between groups. The proposal of this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REHAB.REC.1400.008). Results: As shown in diagram 1; Based on the results of the one-way analysis of variance test, it can be said that there was a significant difference between the mean TNF-α blood serum (P=0.001). According to the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test, there was a significant increase in the patient-control group compared to the healthy-control group (P=0.001) and also a significant decrease in the patient-exercise group compared to the patient-control group (P=0.012). Also, a significant decrease was observed in the exercise-healthy group compared to the control-patient group (P=0.001) and the exercise-patient group (P=0.002). Conclusions: The results of the present research showed that high-intensity intermittent swimming exercises reduce inflammatory and fibrotic factors, and in general, it can be concluded that eight weeks of high-intensity intermittent swimming exercises improve the inflammatory and fibrotic factors associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. . However, to obtain a definitive result, this type of exercise should be studied in human studies in this patient community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nowadays, due to the increasing spread of electronic devices and digital transmitters, the general public is exposed to electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths. According to the function of the thyroid gland on the metabolic actions of the body, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone after receiving short-term and long-term electromagnetic waves emitted from home Wi-Fi. Methods: 60 rats in the weight range of 250-300 grams were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. The first group did not receive any waves. The second group was placed near Irancell's portable Wi-Fi device for 10 days, 1 hour a day, and the third group was near Wi-Fi waves for 3 hours a day for a month. After one month, blood was taken from the mice and the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone was measured. Results: The data analysis showed that the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone in the group that was exposed to medium-term Wi-Fi waves was significantly different from the control group, but the level of this hormone in the group that was exposed to the waves for a short period of time, it was not significant in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: According to the present results, it is possible that electromagnetic waves lead to hormonal disorders in the body, and one of these disorders can be a change in the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The academic failure of students is one of the major problems of higher education centers in the country, which not only wastes time and running costs of these centers, but also causes mental-psychological, family and social problems for students. The purpose of this study was to investigate and explain the various causes of academic failure in dental students of Arak city. Methods: The present study was of a descriptive-analytical type, which was conducted with the participation of 120 dental students of Arak Medical Sciences. Sampling was by census method and all students were included in the study. The data collection tool of this study was a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, questions related to various factors of academic failure in students. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (frequency, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression) in SPSS software version 22. Results: The sample consisted of 30 individuals (10 males and 20 females) with generalized anxiety disorder, selected purposefully and randomly assigned to a treatment group based on virtual reality and mindfulness (15 individuals) and a control group (15 individuals). Pre-test, post-test, and follow-up cortisol levels were measured, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was used as the entry criterion. Subsequently, the experimental group received an eight-session, 17-minute weekly treatment based on virtual reality and mindfulness. Participants in this group, while immersed in a virtual environment, watched 360- degree virtual reality videos, "Walking by the Beach" and "Pebbles in the Lake," accompanied by mindfulness audio contemplation, "Being Present and Breathing," and "Wise Mind," using a VR headset and VR-ARBOX. The control group received no treatment. Conclusions: According to the findings of this research, it was found that factors such as student's individual characteristics, inappropriate educational environment, inappropriate family environment and dealing with non-curricular issues had a significant effect on the event of students' academic decline, so paying attention to these factors in the design and implementation University educational programs can play an effective role in avoiding academic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anti-cytokine considerations in covid-19 patients can play a significant role in preventing death, therefore, physical activity by reducing risk factors, as well as saffron with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, are considered as anti-cytokine solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation and endurance training on the concentration of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and L-cysteine in outpatients with coronavirus. Methods: The statistical population of this research is outpatients with coronavirus, 36 of whom were randomly selected. Cytokines and L-cysteine were measured using a special kit and ELISA method. The research hypotheses were checked using SPSS software at a significance level of P<0.05 using ANOVA test with repeated measurements with between-group factor. Results: The results showed that endurance activity and saffron supplementation caused a significant decrease in IL-6 levels and the ratio of interleukin 6 to interleukin 10 (P≥0.05). Also, endurance activity along with saffron supplementation caused a significant increase in serum L-cysteine concentration (P=0.035). The results showed that there is no interaction effect between the measurement stages and the group, as well as intra-group and inter-group differences in interleukin-10 variables (P=0.511). Conclusions: The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 decrease due to saffron supplementation and endurance training, and the amount of L-cysteine increases, which helps the recovery of covid19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the microleakage of an adhesive fissure sealant (AFS), a flowable composite resin (FC), and a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) in permanent teeth. Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 45 extracted posterior teeth with sound fissures. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15). The occlusal fissures were sealed with Beautisealant AFS without etching and bonding in group 1, with Beautifil FC after 37% phosphoric acid etching in group 2, and with Fuji II LC RMGI in group 3. The teeth underwent 500 thermal cycles (5-55°C), and their apices were sealed with wax. They were then immersed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. Next, the teeth were sectioned buccolingually and inspected under a stereomicroscope to measure the dye penetration depth as an indicator of microleakage. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Scheffe test (alpha=0.05). The study was approved by the ethics committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSHA.REC.1399.728). Results: The microleakage score of RMGI was significantly higher than that of AFS and FC (P<0.05), while the microleakage scores of FC and AFS were not significantly different (P=0.330). Conclusions: The AFS showed a sealing ability comparable to that of FC, and can be used as an alternative to FC due to its fewer application steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Insomnia and sleep disorders are related to a decrease in physical and mental health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on blood sugar, cortisol and insulin levels in athletes compared to non-athletes. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 14 healthy men participated in two groups of athletes (7 people) and non-athletes (7 people). One night of sleeplessness (8 hours) was applied to the subjects of both groups. According to the objectives of the research, blood samples were taken from all the subjects in two stages. The data were analyzed using the dependent t test for intragroup comparison and independent t test for inter-group comparison at a significance level of 5%. In conducting the research, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the general guidelines for ethics in research with human subjects and the regulations governing it were observed and the code of ethics was issued by the ethics committee of Lorestan University. Results: Insomnia did not lead to a significant difference between the blood sugar and insulin levels of athletes and non-athletes when faced with a (p ≤ 0.05). Also, insomnia did not cause a significant difference in the amount of cortisol between two groups of athletes and nonathletes (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that changes in blood sugar, cortisol and insulin are related to the duration of insomnia and are not affected in short-term and intermittent insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stress is an important criterion affecting personality on a general and minor level. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of stress in two diagnostic criteria of personality disorder, personality functioning (criterion A) and pathological personality traits (criterion B). Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was students studying at the University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2020-2021. By the available sampling method, 313 (50.08% of women) completed online PID-5, LPFS and PSS14 questionnaires. Data were analyzed by structural equation modelling and using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS. Results: The result of the direct path shows the mediating role of stress on personality detachment (0.85) and antagonism (0.88) traits. However, psychoticism, negative affectivity and disinhibition traits do not play a mediating role. In general, there was a positive relationship between stress and personality functioning (0.45) and personality traits (0.27). Conclusions: The undeniable impact of stress on both personality functioning and personality traits is apparent. Broadly speaking, stress influences the alternative model of personality disorders, encompassing criteria A and B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important and common infections in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of qnrB and qnrS genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections of children in 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 49 strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht and identified using biochemical methods. Sensitivity and resistance of strains to antibiotics were determined by Kirby Bohr and dilution broth methods. PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of qnrS and qnrB genes in isolates. Results: In this study, the highest resistance was observed in piperacillin (81.5%) and cefazolin (88.9%) isolates from Escherichia coli and in Klebsiella pneumoniae (cefazolin (90.9%) and amoxicillin (95.5%) isolates from 49 Isolated, 73.4% had qnrB gene and 97.9% had qnrS gene. Conclusions: It seems that one of the reasons for increasing multidrug resistance in hospital isolates of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Rasht is the increased transfer of plasmid genes between these isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the adverse consequences of cesarean delivery, its incidence rate is increasing in many provinces of the country, especially Ilam city. For this reason, it is important to identify the causes of the increase in cesarean delivery in order to reduce it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency of cesarean section and its causes in primiparous women in Ilam city in 2016. Methods: The present study was conducted cross-sectionally in the second half of 2016 in Ilam city, and the study population was all primiparous women referred to a single specialty maternity hospital (Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital). The sampling method was census and all cesarean deliveries were recorded in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital. The inclusion criteria included all primiparous women. The data of the study was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic and midwifery information. After collecting the data, the data was entered into the SPSS version 16 software Central indices were used to describe data in quantitative variables, and absolute and cumulative frequency and percentage of dispersion frequency were used for qualitative variables. Results: According to the findings of this study, out of 1738 births, 867 (49.88%) were natural births and 871 (50.12%) were cesarean. Among the natural births, 427 (49.25%) and among the cesarean births, 296 (33.98%) were primiparous. Among the maternal factors, lack of progress and among the fetal factors, fetal distress and among the maternal-fetal factors, head- to-pelvis disproportion was one of the most important causes of cesarean delivery in primiparous women. In general, fetal factors with more than 67% were the most important causes of caesarean section in primiparous women. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, 33.98% of cesarean births were primiparous. Considering the high statistics of caesarean section, especially cesarean section for first births, It is necessary to reduce the number of elective cesarean sections by increasing the number of physiological births and painless births, as well as increasing the awareness of families about birthing methods and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The scorpion of Androctonus crassicauda belongs to the Buthidae family, it has a strong and deadly venom for humans, and every year there are cases of death due to the sting of this scorpion. The purpose of this study is the biological evaluation of the venom of this scorpion, the production of monovalent antivenom against it, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the produced antivenom. Methods: The A. crassicauda scorpions were collected from different cities of Khuzestan province and milked by electric shock. In this research, the amount of venom protein, lethal dose 50 (LD50), immune response of horses, purification of antibodies, effectiveness of antivenom (ED50), degree of neutralization of venom with antivenom and the effect of monovalan antivenom in neutralizing the activity of hyaluronidase enzyme were evaluated. This research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute with code IR.RVSRI.REC.1401.017. Results: The amount of protein and LD50 of the venom from studied scorpion were calculated to be 78 mg/ml and 11.27 µg per mouse, respectively. The results of measuring the antibody titer at different times of venom injection showed the increase in the immune response of horses against the venom. The value of ED50 was around 9 LD50 and 92.22 µg per mouse. According to the results, scorpion venom has hyaluronidase enzyme activity, and 10 µL of the produced pure antivenom was able to neutralize 100% of the venom's hyaluronidase activity. Conclusions: In this project, extracted venom and produced antivenom showed their effectiveness. The produced antivenom was able to neutralize the venom in mice and prevented the death of the envenomed mice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the biggest environmental challenges of the 21st century is the phenomenon of climate change and global warming, which can cause numerous health problems. One significant health issue associated with climate change is the increase in the prevalence of heat stress, particularly in occupational encounters in hot outdoor environments. So this study aimed to predict and model temperature and humidity indices in the coming decades in a dry climate. Methods: This study obtained daily atmospheric parameters, including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity of Kerman station, representing a dry climate, for a period of 30 years (1965 to 2005) from the meteorological organization. Modeling of these parameters and calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) were performed using the atmospheric general circulation model HadGEM2-ES and the CORDEX dynamic microscaler model. Three different radiative forcing scenarios, including optimistic (RCP 2.6), intermediate (RCP 4.5), and pessimistic (RCP 8.5), were considered for the coming decades (three 30-year periods from 2011 to 2099). The Ethics Committe of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) approved the present study (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1400.020). Results: The results of the study showed an increasing trend for minimum and maximum temperature parameters in all three time periods using the three scenarios considered. Moreover, the increase in temperature in the decades of 2099-2071 was more pronounced compared to the previous decades. The results also demonstrated an increasing trend in the THI index based on all three scenarios. The average results obtained using these scenarios showed an increase of 2.11, 2.53, and 3.3 degrees Celsius, respectively, in this index until the end of the last century compared to the base decades. Conclusions: Overall, the increase in temperature and the investigated THI index in the studied station, based on all three scenarios, will lead to changes in thermal comfort. Higher levels of thermal discomfort will not only occur in hot months and seasons but also in other seasons. Therefore, proper planning should be implemented to address the adverse effects of climate change on people's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescents are one of the most vulnerable groups against risky behaviors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescents by analyzing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation. Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical of the correlation-path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the first secondary level in the marginal areas of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the sample included 530 people who They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, Iranian youth risk-taking questionnaire, Hazen and Shiver attachment scale, Sakodolski, Glob and Cromwell anger rumination scale, and Gertz and Roemer scale of difficulty in regulating emotions were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software Smart PLS version 3.3 and SPSS version 25. This study with ID IR.IAU.KSH.REC.1402. 014 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Islamic Azad University. Results: The path of attachment style to risky behaviors (β = 0.81 and t = 2.32), the path of anger rumination to risky behaviors (β = 0.45 and t = 2.32), the path of attachment style to risky behaviors with mediation Emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.61 and t = 3.28), rumination to risky behaviors with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty (β = 0.21 and t = 3.55), it was found that all values at the error level are less than 0.05 are significant. Conclusions: Through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation, there is a positive and significant relationship between attachment styles and rumination of anger in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. These results emphasize the difficult role of brahmin in regulating emotions in high-risk behaviors of adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from nerve terminals. Binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors increases the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element (CREB) protein and changes the transcription of downstream genes.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of methamphetamine induction followed by aerobic training and Berberine on dopamine receptor 4 and CREB gene expression in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-addicted female rats during the withdrawal period. Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 control groups, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic training, methamphetamine + Berberine, methamphetamine + aerobic training + Berberine. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine was performed for 5 days, and during the withdrawal period, aerobic training was performed for 4 weeks and simultaneously the consumption of berberine 100 mg/kg as a solution in drinking water was considered. Real Time PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS24 software were used at the level of 0.05 to analyze the data. The code of ethics in the research was received with number IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1402.015. Results: The results showed that methamphetamine use caused a non-significant increase (97%) in CREB expression and a non-significant decrease (52%) in dopamine 4 receptor compared to the control group (P>0.05). The implementation of interventions during the withdrawal period, such as Berberine consumption and the combination of berberine with aerobic training, produced non-significant increasing and decreasing effects on dopamine 4 receptor gene expression and CREB in the heart of methamphetamine-addicted rats, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Short-term induction of methamphetamine did not cause significant changes in the expression of dopamine 4 receptor and CREB genes in the heart. Therefore, these genes could not undergo a significant change as a result of interventions such as Berberine and exercise. More studies are needed to investigate exact genetic changes in heart tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Food and sports supplements are used by athletes all over the world, and correct and optimal consumption improves performance and prevents sports injuries. In this regard, creatine and ginseng supplements can be effective on physiological indicators and sports performance. Therefore, considering that no research has been done on the use of these supplements on blood indicators on fencers. The present study compares the effect of creatine and ginseng supplements on blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and homocysteine indices of the male players of the Iranian Epe fencing team. Methods & MaterialsIn the present study, 14 male players of the Epe national fencing team were divided into two creatine supplement groups (7 people) and ginseng supplement group (7 people). Subjects in two groups performed their normal exercises with the team during the research, and on the day before the measurement, after a specific activity in a sitting position, blood was taken from the arm vein of the subjects by a specialist. The statistical significance difference was determined at the level of P ≥ 0.05 and ANCOVA test was used to determine the differences between groups and the data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25. Ethical Considerations This article was approved by the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch (Code: IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1400.073). Results The results showed that after six weeks, there is a significant difference between the creatine and ginseng groups in the blood indices of ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine (P≥0.05). so that the average of creatine supplement group in ammonia, LDL, HDL and homocysteine index in terms of mg/ dL respectively (2.56±0.83, 1.16±0.33, 7.45±0.48, 8.89±0.18) and Gensing group (2.05±0.29, 1.46±0.78, 8.11±0.27, 7.63±0.45). Conclusion The results showed that there is a significant difference in the average of blood ammonia, HDL, LDL and hemocytin between the creatine supplement group and the ginseng supplement group. Therefore, the role of ginseng supplement in reducing blood ammonia and homocysteine and in increasing HDL was more than that of creatine supplement, and the role of creatine supplement in reducing LDL was more than that of ginseng supplement. So it can be concluded that the role of ginseng supplement in the changes of blood ammonia, homocysteine and HDL is more than the role of creatine supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim It is suggested that hearing impaired children with hearing aids and cochlear implant, showed poor pragmatic abilities. Pragmatic is the most related language component to social interaction. Further, it has effect on personality development and self-esteem. The main aim of the present study is investigating the relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in hearing impaired children. Methods & Materialssixty hearing impaired children with hearing aids or cochlear implant were included into this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then parents or other caregivers were asked to fulfill children’s communication checklist (CCC) and self-esteem questionnaire. The participants were divided into three groups based on hearing impairment severity, including: severe, moderate and mild. The relationship between pragmatic ability and self-esteem was examined in three groups and without considering categorization, by Pearson correlation coefficient, significant level was 0.05. Ethical Considerations This project was approved by the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.150). Results The results illustrated that there is significant relationship between pragmatic abilities and selfesteem in all hearing impairment children without considering categorization (P<0.05). By considering categorization, significant relationship was showed in self-esteem and pragmatic abilities in moderate and mild groups (P<0.05). Conclusion According to our analysis, pragmatic abilities and self-esteem are related. This relationship is more obvious in low severity impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Oral and dental health plays an important role in people's general health and is affected by various factors such as knowledge and attitude of a person regarding oral and dental health. Improving people's Knowledge and attitude in this regard will lead to more attention towards oral and dental health. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the rate of tooth decay and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and performance in high school students in the Islamabad-eGharb city. Methods & Materials This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 348 high school students in Islamabad-e-Gharb. Which were selected through sampling in two stages, cluster and random. Data were collected using clinical examination and standard questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Sheffe post hoc test and Spearman's correlation coefficient at a significance level of less than 0.05 using SPSS software, version 22. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.KUMS.REC.1397.548). Results The Mean Decay-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index 6.07±3.47 and Mean teeth decayed were 5.31± 2.90 respectively and 96.3 percent of the students had dental carries. Both DMFT index (r=-0.124, P=0.021) and teeth decay (r=-131, P=0.015) had a significant relationship with students' performance regarding oral and dental health. There was no significant difference between DMFT index and the number of teeth decayed with students' knowledge and attitude regarding oral and dental health (P<0.05). No significant relationship were found between either DMFT index (P=0.749) and teeth decay (P=0.614) with gender. Conclusion In this study, DMFT index and teeth decay were relatively high and this shows the need to design educational interventions in adolescents to prevent teeth decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Crisis management is an important field of management, especially in the field of health. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of disaster management mechanisms in hospitals of Arak, Iran. Methods & Materials In this regard, 240 questionnaires were distributed among hospital and nursing managers in Arak. The questionnaire had acceptable reliability with Cronbach’ alpha value of 0.897. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: 1274.1401.REC.ARAKMU.IR). Results Then, by using structural equation modeling in LISREL software, the designed model was analyzed. Finally, by using statistical tests, the research hypotheses were examined. Conclusion The results showed the significant effect of three factors of “lack of stability in business environment”, “risk taking”, and “organizational culture” on the development of the mechanism of crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of nurses’ autonomy on the quality of patient care based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s model Methods & Materials This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 101 nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak, Iran from the intensive care unit and internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments. The data collection tools were Moghimi and Ramazan’s patent care quality questionnaire and an autonomy assessment questionnaire based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s autonomy model. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.66). Results The mean autonomy score of nurses was 3.16 ±0.35, indicating a desirable level. Nurses of all departments had limited autonomy. In the internal department, nurses had unsanctioned autonomy, while in the surgical department, they had autonomous nursing care action. The regression models were significant for all departments except for the internal department. With an increase of one unit in limited autonomy in the intensive care unit, autonomous nursing care in the surgical department, and limited autonomy in pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments among the nurses, the quality of care can be increased by 0.253, 0.187, 0.522, 0.205, 0.466 and 0.129, respectively. Conclusion Nurses’ autonomy can increase the quality of patient care. The nursing managers need to empower nurses and provide an environment for them to apply their knowledge in practicing autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Old age is a critical period in life. Due to advances in technologies and improvement in healthy conditions, the number of aged population is increasing. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to their life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychological empowerment program on life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials The study population consists of all women aged 60-70 years referred to a charity foundation in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Of these, 24 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Using a pre-test/post-test design, the elderly first completed the life satisfaction index-Z and the attitude towards aging questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received the psychological empowerment program at 8 sessions. After the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data in SPSS software, version 19. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.027). Results There was a significant difference in life satisfaction (F=9.673, P=0.006) and attitudes towards aging (F=8.385, P=0.009) between the two groups. The psychological empowerment program significantly improved life satisfaction and attitudes towards aging in older women. Conclusion The psychological empowerment program is effective in improving life satisfaction and attitude towards aging in older women living in Tehran. It can be used by experts in the fields of counseling, geriatrics, psychology, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Various research studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and worry. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Methods & Materials The present study follows a correlational design study. The research sample included 248 students of Kashan universities in Iran studying in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study data were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Pennsylvania state worry questionnaire (PSWQ), the Persian short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P-short form), and five-factor mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS v. 22 and AMOS v. 22 software. Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.KAUMS.REC.1396.36). Results The results showed a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and worry, worry and cognitive emotion regulation, worry and mindfulness, generalized anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation, and anxiety and mindfulness. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Also, the path coefficient of mindfulness and anxiety was removed from the model because it was not significant. Conclusion Generally, cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and worry. These findings seem applicable in the individual, family, educational, therapeutic, and interpersonal mental health fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of hydatid cyst disease in patients admitted to Imam Reza, Imam Hossein, and Bisotoon hospitals in Kermanshah City, Iran, from 2014 to 2018. Methods & Materials In this descriptive study, we studied and analyzed the medical records of 350 patients with hydatid cysts who were hospitalized and underwent surgical treatment in Kermanshah hospitals from 2014 to 2018. Also, the demographic characteristics of patients, including gender, age, occupation, place of residence, and affected organs, were extracted and recorded. Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.KUMS.REC.1398.366). Results In total, 350 patients with a Mean±SD age of 43.2±19.7 in women and 43.3±20.7 in men were admitted with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The highest and lowest prevalence of hydatid cysts were in the age groups of 41-50 (16.5%) years and 1-10 (4.8%) years, respectively. The prevalence was 181 (51.7%) in women and 169 (48.2%) in men. The organs mostly infected with hydatid cysts were the liver, lung, and brain, with 241 cases (68.8%), 55 (15.7%), and 24 (6.8%), respectively. Conclusion This study shows that hydatid cyst disease is an important disease, especially in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Menopause is a period in a woman’s life that can be physically damaging. However, its effect on bone mineral density is still debatable. This study investigated the relationship between serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase indices with lumbar bone mineral density in active and inactive postmenopausal women. Methods & Materials The number of subjects was 55 active postmenopausal women and 60 inactive postmenopausal women aged 45 to 85 years. Serum indices of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase and anthropometric of the subjects were measured. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the research data. SPSS software v. 26 was used to analyze the data. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabataba’i University with code IR.ATU.REC.1399.038. Results The results showed a significant correlation between serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (P=0.021), calcium (P=0.019), and phosphorus (P=0.011) with lumbar bone mineral density in active postmenopausal women and also between body mass index with lumbar bone mineral density in both groups of active (P=0.014) and inactive (P=0.038) postmenopausal women. No significant relationship was found between other indicators. Conclusion According to the results of the present study, being active may have had beneficial effects on bone metabolism and has led to a better state of bone mineral density. It may also help to use these blood and anthropometric variables in identifying people at risk for osteoporosis in adulthood and old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Different implant angulation, which is unavoidable in clinical situations, can affect the accuracy of impression. This study aims to investigate the effect of implant angulation on the accuracy of placing impression coping on implants with internal hex. Methods & Materials A gypsum model of 4 implants with internal hex connection was prepared. The implants were installed in different mesiodistal angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees to the longitudinal axis in the gypsum model. To simulate the gums, a gingival material was injected around the implant analog with a height of 2 mm. After a training session for senior dental students on how to place the impression coping, 40 students were volunteered to place the impression copings on four implants. The accuracy of impression coping placement was evaluated by a prosthodontist. Data were statistically analyzed using Cochran Q test. Significance level was set at 0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.283). Results The percentage of correct impression coping placement on the implants at angles of 0, 15, 25 and 35 degrees was 85%, 72%, 52%, 35%, respectively. Except for implants at 0 and 15 degrees, a statistically significant difference was observed between different groups of implant angulation. Conclusion The implant angulation has a significant effect on the accuracy of impression coping placement on the implants with internal hex; by increasing the implant angulation, the accuracy of impression coping placement decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07). Results The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05). Conclusion To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim The most concern in children with head and facial trauma is the effects of the trauma and the treatment on their growth considering the possibility that the teeth with different stages of evolution in the fracture line have different prognosis in growth and deformity. The present study aims to examine the status of the teeth in the fracture lines of children in order to check the effects of head and facial trauma on these teeth. Methods & Materials Participants were 28 children under 12 years of age with jaw fracture admitted to the maxillofacial surgery department of Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran from 2010 to 2016. Their information was extracted from their medical files and the teeth in the fracture line were clinically evaluated. Panoramic graphs were taken immediately after and 6 to 24 months after the surgery. The information examined in the panoramic graphs included the internal and external erosion, pathological lesion, and eruption rate of the teeth in the fracture line. Ethical Considerations This article was approved by the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Ethical Code: IR.KMU.REC.1396.1398). Results It was found that 60.7% of the fractures occurred in the lower jaw, of which 67.9% were treated by closed reduction method and 10.7% by open reduction method. Moreover, 89.3% of the teeth had no pathological lesion. In 78.6% and 71.4% of cases, no dental discoloration and necrosis were observed, respectively. Moreover, 82.1% of the teeth had reached full eruption. Conclusion Most of the teeth in the fracture line reaches full eruption with no pathological lesion, discoloration, root deformity, and looseness, and there is no difference in this respect between patients received open and closed reduction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim The research results show tobacco use increases cardiovascular and lung disorders or the probability of periodontitis in humans, while no definitive relations were yet confirmed. This study evaluates the relationship between periodontitis and tobacco use by panoramic radiography in Bandar Abbas City. Methods & Materials A total of 198 panoramic radiographs were classified into periapical healthy (n=99) and patient (n=99) groups. Radiologists assessed radiographs for periodontitis via Total Teeth Numbers (TTN), the quality and length of Root Filling Treatment (RFT), the number (NoRFT), and inadequate root filling treatment (RFTin), age, gender, the cigarette and hookah use, and dental debris. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square, t-test, and logistic regression. Ethical Considerations Due to the lack of therapeutic intervention and the preservation of patients’ characteristics, ethical considerations are not included in this study (Code: IR.HUMS.REC.1399.384) Results Tobacco, hookah use, TTN, and RFTin were different (P<0.01) in groups, but cigarette smoking, debris, RFT, NoRFT, and age were not. Women in the periodontitis group showed high (P<0.01) in tobacco, hookah use, and RFTin, while no gender differences were observed in other parameters. The logistic regression results showed that based on the Odd Ratio NoRFT (39.7), RFTin (36.8), `hookah (8.1), tobacco (6.57), debris (3.62), smoking (3.59), RFT (1.4) and TTN (0.89) were the highest (P<0.01). At the same time, age and gender did not affect periapical tissues. Conclusion Hokka, tobacco, and cigarette use negatively affected the periapical tissues, respectively. The decrease in TTN and increase in debris and RFT were probably the effects of tobacco smoking on the periapical tissues. Age and gender were not related to the periapical lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are a good target group for cognitive rehabilitation Because their behavioral problems, including inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, have a specific cognitive and cerebral origin. This adaptation of behavior to cognitive function provides an opportunity to repair behavior by strengthening cognitive function. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on virtual reality technology as a new method and classical cognitive rehabilitation in improving the executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods & Materials: This research was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 7-12 years with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Tehran in 1398 who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups of 12 people. In the pre-test stage, participants were assessed with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale and the Computer Integrated Visual and Auditory Test (IVA-2). The first group received a virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation package and the second group received a Captain Log computer cognitive rehabilitation package, 12 sessions twice a week. No intervention was performed in the control group during this period. Post-tests were taken from all 3 groups after the intervention. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSS software v. 26. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (Code: IR.IAU.CTB.REC.1400.001). Results: The results showed that both methods of cognitive rehabilitation intervention had a significant effect on cognitive functions (selective attention, sustained attention) of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (P<0.01). But no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of selective attention and sustained attention in the first experimental group and the second experimental group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation is as effective as classical cognitive rehabilitation on selective attention and sustained attention in children with ADHD. Virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation can be used as a new approach to rehabilitating this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The type of circadian rhythms is essential in maintaining physical and mental health and recovery from the disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian rhythms on sleep quality and corona anxiety in men and women. Methods & Materials: The present study is a descriptive comparative causal description. The statistical population included all 18-50 who participated in the survey online. People who completed the questionnaire online were selected for sampling. The research instruments included the circadian inventory rhythms Horne and Ostberg (1976), Petersburg Quality of Sleep Questionnaire (1989), and Alipour et al.’s (2020) Corona-related Anxiety Scale in the Iranian sample. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Scheffe test were used to analyze the data. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered with the Ethics Committee Razi University Technology Units Development Center at Institute for Psychoanalytic Studies (No.: 99133). Results: The results showed that the mean of mental and corona physical anxiety in women and men with evening type is higher than in other classes. Men and women in the evening type have a lower sleep quality than in the morning and middle types. The results also showed significant differences between the types regarding corona anxiety, sleep quality, and sex. The difference between the mean of the morning type and evening types’ mean was more than other differences between the means. Conclusion: Individual differences in morning-evening types seem to play an essential role in the quality of sleep and the experience of corona anxiety [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women. Materials and methods: The present study is qualitative, content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and 8 people with body dysmorphic disorder, and reviewing 71 articles. Also, in order to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown's Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interview. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in 3 stages of open, central and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index. Ethical considerations: In the research, before the interview, a written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research.(IR.UM.REC.1401.105) Findings: The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors c. Biological factors. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. slow However, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct research similar to the present research in other societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual function is an important part of menopausal women's lives, and changes in it, especially during menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. Among them, 45 were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 CBT, ACT, and control group using randomly assigned block allocation method. Therapeutic sessions were held in 8 sessions and each session was held for 2 hours. Data were collected by FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) and were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures analysis via SPSS-24 software. Results: In the posttest and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between both CBT and ACT methods compared to the control group in sexual function respectively (P <0.05, F=17/857), (P<0.05, F=12/115). That is, treatment with CBT and ACT improved the sexual function of postmenopausal women, which had a lasting effect for three months, and there was no significant difference between the groups involved in sexual function (P >0.05, F=0.494). Ethical considerations: This study with the ID IR.ZUMS.REC.1398.328 has been approved by the ethics committee in the medical department of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy have improved sexual function in postmenopausal women, so it is recommended that these therapies be used to improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women in health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The early years of life are the most critical stage in the growth and development of children. While the optimal development of children depends on a complex set of factors, the pattern of breastfeeding and complementary feeding of infants is of undeniable importance. Therefore, the present study conducted to investigate the factors related to the feeding patterns of one-year-old children referred to healthcare centers in Rafsanjan city. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 600 mothers with one-year-old children under the auspices of healthcare centers in Rafsanjan city in 2017. Volunteered mothers with active health records were selected randomly. The required information was collected through a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and questions related to the feeding of children and was analyzed by SPSS 18. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) approved the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1396.179). Findings: About 95% of mothers participating in this study started breastfeeding their children up to one hour after delivery, but 56.7% of them completed breastfeeding by one year of age. The results show that most mothers had started supplemental feeding with two or three spoons in each meal, and about 90% of them followed the health worker's advice. Also, the most important reasons for feeding children with powdered milk are disorders in the child's development (34%), inadequate breast milk (17%), maternal disease (14%), do not take the mother's breast (11%) and children being twins (8%). Conclusion: Despite face-to-face training for mothers in health care centers for feeding their children, still there are some difficulties in commencing complementary feeding and its continuation. Therefore, need for more health and nutrition education regarding the best ways for feeding children to mothers by personnel of Rafsanjan health care centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Oral and dental health plays an important role in people's general health and is affected by various factors such as knowledge and attitude of a person regarding oral and dental health. Improving people's Knowledge and attitude in this regard will lead to more attention towards oral and dental health. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the rate of tooth decay and its relationship with knowledge, attitude and performance in high school students in the Islamabad-e-Gharb city. Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 348 high school students in Islamabad-e-Gharb. Which were selected through sampling in two stages, cluster and random. Data were collected using clinical examination and standard questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Sheffe post hoc test and Spearman's correlation coefficient at a significance level of less than 0.05 using SPSS22. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KUMS.REC.1397.548). Results: The mean Decay-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index 6.07 ± 3.47 and mean teeth decayed were 5.31± 2.90 respectively and 96.3 percent of the students had dental carries. Both DMFT index (r=-0.124, p=0.021) and teeth decay (r=-131, p= 0.015) had a significant relationship with students' performance regarding oral and dental health. There was no significant difference between DMFT index and the number of teeth decayed with students' knowledge and attitude regarding oral and dental health (p <0.05). No significant relationship were found between either DMFT index (p=0.749) and teeth decay (p=0.614) with gender. Conclusion: In this study, DMFT index and teeth decay were relatively high and this shows the need to design educational interventions in adolescents to prevent teeth decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: It is suggested that hearing impaired children with hearing aids and cochlear implant, showed poor pragmatic abilities. Pragmatic is the most related language component to social interaction. Further, it has effect on personality development and self-esteem. The main aim of the present study is investigating the relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in hearing impaired children. Materials and methods: sixty hearing impaired children with hearing aids or cochlear implant were included into this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then parents or other caregivers were asked to fulfill Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) and self-esteem questionnaire. The participants were divided into three groups based on hearing impairment severity, including: severe, moderate and mild. The relationship between pragmatic ability and self-esteem was examined in three groups and without considering categorization, by Pearson correlation coefficient, significant level was 0.05. Ethical considerations: This project is approved in Arak university of medical sciences with ethical registration code IR.ARAKMU.REC.1399.150. All parents gave written informed consent form. findings: the results illustrated that there is significant relationship between pragmatic abilities and self-esteem in all hearing impairment children without considering categorization (p<0.05). By considering categorization, significant relationship was showed in self-esteem and pragmatic abilities in moderate and mild groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: according to our analysis, pragmatic abilities and self-esteem are related. This relationship is more obvious in low severity impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sciatica is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system and may be caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve itself. Due to the fact that piriformis muscle located near the sciatic nerve, piriformis spasm imports pressure on nerve, it causes sciatica and eventually piriformis syndrome. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of patients with piriformis syndrome referred to medical centers in Arak, from which 20 people were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 10 control and experimental located. The experimental group practiced core stability exercises for 6 weeks and the control group continued to lead a normal life during this period. In order to investigate the differences between the groups, T-Test, Chi-Square and McNemar's Test were used at a significance level of 0.05. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the ID IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.157 and received a clinical trial code from the University of Medical Sciences of Iran with the code IRCT20211003052662N1, after approval by the Arak University Educational Council. In order to ensure the voluntary participation of the subjects, the consent form of participation in the project with the relevant provisions has been selected from them. Results: After implementing the exercise protocol, at the end of the sixth week, the average pain scores in the control group decreased from 95.2 in the pre-test to 90.7 in the post-test, which was not statistically significant (P=0.562), while In the experimental group, these scores decreased from 91.7 to 33.4, and this decrease is statistically significant (P=0.0); Therefore, it can be said with 95% confidence that core stability exercises have a significant effect on the pain of patients with piriformis syndrome at a significance level of 0.05. On the other hand, the number of people who had an inflamed nerve in the control group decreased from 10 people in the pre-test to 8 people in the post-test, and this decrease was not statistically significant (P=0.5), while in the experimental group, these people out of 10 people decreased to 2 people, and this decrease is statistically significant (P=0.008); Therefore, it can be said with 95% confidence that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study and considering the conditions prevailing in the research samples, it can be concluded that core stability exercises improve pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome And considering the unique principles and characteristics of core stability exercises, their acceptance and positive effect among the subjects, it is hoped that these exercises will be used more and more in the treatment process of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most heart diseases show symptoms on ECG, but diagnosing heart disease with ECG requires the knowledge and experience of medical specialized. Because these specialists may not always be available, it is necessary to design tools to diagnose heart disease in these situations. Objective: In this paper, a two-stage approach based on artificial neural networks is designed to diagnose heart disease using ECG information. Method: To design the proposed approach, first ECG information for 861 refers to a number of medical centers in Arak city is collected and and data consulted is proccesed by specialists. Then 154 features from ECG as input variables in proposed approach has been specified. In the first stage of approach, an artificial neural network is designed to detect the status of the ECG in two situation as usable and unusable. Then, in the second stage, using the usable ECG information, an artificial neural network is designed to diagnose the presence or absence of heart disease. Finally, the performance of the two-stage approach is evaluated and its accuracy and precision in determining the status of the ECG as well as the disease status is determined. Results In the proposed approach, the neural network for the determining of ECG status has an precision of 97.1% and an accuracy of 97.3%, and also the neural network for the diagnosis of heart disease has an precision of 95.8% and an accuracy of 95.4%. Conclusion: Considering the high effeciency of the proposed approach in the determining of ECG status and also diagnosing heart disease, it is possible to use this approach as a reliable assistant to assist the treatment staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Adropin is a new hormone which improves lipid metabolism and recently it found to play important role in the vascular protection. So, the aim of current study was to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on Adropin and Nitric Oxide metabolites in overweight men. Materials and Methods: Type of the current study was quasi-experimental with a pre-and post-test design. Subjects were 32 overweight men (the average age about 30.5±3.07 years old and the average BMI 27.93±4.2). After subject selection, VO2peak test was accomplished and participants were randomly divided into two groups; HIIT (16 men) and control (16 men). HIIT group performed 8 weeks HIIT (3d/wk) with 20 repetitions × 30 s scatterd by 13 s recovery intervals in each session. Body composition and blood sampling assessments were performed (using a bio-impedance body compostion analyzer as well as ELISA kits, respoctivwly) in preand post-test occasions. All data analysis were done by repeated-measures ANOVA and set at p<0.05. Ethical Considerations: All procedures of this study were approved by the ethical and scientific committee at the authors' university (IR.ut.Rec.1395007) and confirmed to internationally accepted ethical standards and outlined in the declaration of Helsinki. Results: The result of the current study was illustrated a significant difference between Adropin of HIIT and control groups (0.88±0.256: 95% CI; 0.369-1.4 ng/ml). Also, there was a significant difference between Nitric Oxide metabolites of HIIT and control groups (7.5±3.03: 95% CI; 1.3-13.6 ng/ml). Also, there was a positive relationship between Adropin and Nitric Oxide metabolites in overweight men (r=0.498, p=0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that HIIT can attenuate cardiovascular diseases via an increase in Adropin and Nitric Oxide. Also, it seems that HIIT may induce improvements in cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak) and body composition of men with overweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research investigates the possibility of nurses' job autonomy and its effect on job satisfaction of nurse's quality of care. Materials and Method: This study was a practical, descriptive and correlational one. The statistical population was the nursing staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak, where nurses of intensive care units, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics and neonatal, gynecology, orthopedics and emergency hospitals were selected as the statistical population and other wards due to differences in performance of out-of-study study. And 101 people were selected. The data collection tool was Moghimi and Kramer and Schmalenberg questionnaires. The results of this study were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: study results revealed that the mean level of nurses 'autonomy was 3.16 with a standard deviation of 0.35, which indicated a desirable level of nurses' autonomy. Limited autonomy applies to all departments. In the internal ward, autonomy is Unsanctioned Autonomy and autonomous in the surgical ward was Autonomous Nursing Care Action. The regression pattern was significant for all wards except the internal ward, with an increase of one unit in "Limited Autonomy in the intensive care unit", " Autonomous Nursing Care Action in the surgical department" and " Limited Autonomy" in the wards of Pediatric and neonatal, gynecology, orthopedics and inpatient emergency among nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak in the amount of 0.253, 0.187, 0.522, 0.205, 0.466 and 0.129" Care "has been added. Conclusion: Nursing autonomy as an organizational feature, along with several other factors, leads to an increase in the quality of patient care and to achieve these beneficial results, nursing managers need to empower nurses and provide an environment to apply their knowledge in selfhelp practice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems during pregnancy, which can have a significant effect on the health of pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of education on the theory of planned behavior in promoting anesthetic prevention nutritional behaviors in women The pregnant woman was executed. Methods & Materials: This is an educational randomized controlled trial study, 80 pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups (40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group). Data collection with reliable and validity questionnaire consist of demographic factors, knowledge, construct of TPB ( attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, intention) and performance. Before intervention from both groups, pre-test data were collected and then educational intervention was performed based on the results of the needs assessment for the test group, within a month and in the form of four session to 60-minute training sessions based on the theory of planned behavior. The results were collected three months after the intervention and analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and correlation coefficient. Ethical Considerations: This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code IRCT : IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.445) Results: The results of this interventional study showed that before the intervention, all variables did not differ significantly between two groups. But after the intervention, the two groups had a statistically significant difference for all the studied structures (p <0.05). In this study, the performance of the intervention group before education was was 2.88 ±0.415 (out of 5), which had a significant upgrade after training to 3.64 ± 0.216 (p <0.001). Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior of anesthetic anxiety behaviors in pregnant women has increased, which can be attributed to the educational method in the intervention group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Recently, the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is increasing day by day. one of the critical steps in art is the frozen embryo transfer, in which the endometrium thickness has great importance in outcome. In this case, the frozen embryo will be transferred during the next cycle. There are several ways to prepare an endometrium for transmitting embryos, however, choosing the best method is still debated. The present study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate of frozen embryo transfer in the presence or absence of GnRH agonists. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 146 consecutive patients attending Qom's infertility treatment center since 2015 to 2017 who were candidates for the transfer cycle of the frozen-thawed embryo were randomly assigned to receive either protocol with or without GnRH agonist. Clinical features, implantation rate, pregnancy rate (chemical and clinical), and abortion rate were assessed. Findings: There was no significant difference in baseline and clinical characteristics, implantation rate, pregnancy rate (chemical and clinical), and abortion rate between two groups of endometrial preparations with or without GnRH agonist (P <0.05). Conclusion: In this study, pregnancy outcome was similar in each group and this method is recommended as an endometrial preparation without GnRH agonist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers constitute a large number of patients referred to general and internal clinics and preliminary studies of gastric ulcer have shown the role of psychological factors in the production of susceptible gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcer. Materials and Methods: The present study was an intervention with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was all patients with gastric ulcer referred to public health centers in Tehran in the winter of 2018. Among the volunteers participating in the study, 30 patients with gastric ulcer were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (15 people in each group). Measurement tools included McGill (2000) Pain Intensity Questionnaire and Andler & Parker (1990) coping styles. Subjects in the first experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute cognitive-behavioral therapy. The subjects in the control group did not receive psychological treatment during this period. For data analysis, mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc tests were used. Ethical considerations: This study with the ID IR.IAU.K.REC.1397.85 has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy led to an increase in problem-oriented coping style (P<0.01) and a decrease in emotion-focused coping styles (P<0.01) and avoidance (P<0.01). Also, the mean scores of pain intensity decreased compared to the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on pain intensity and stress coping styles in patients with gastric ulcer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Weight gain and vitamin D deficiency are associated with increased systemic inflammation and chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular Pilates training associated with VitaminD intake on Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-10 (IL- 10) levels in men with overweight. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 50 overweight men with 45- 55 years. Volunteers were firstly selected through convenience sampling and were divided into Pilates training, Pilates training +vitaminD supplementation, vitamin D supplementation (combined), and control groups (13 people in each group). The Pilates training program was performed for 8 weeks (with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3 sessions/week). The supplement and combined groups also received 50000 units of oral vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks. Serum levels of variables were determined using ELISA method.The data were analyzed by paired t test, one wayANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests at the significant level of less than 0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran Findings: The results showed that 8 weeks of Pilates training, vitamin D intake and the combined intervention were associated with a significant increase in IL-10 (P<0.001) and decreased in TNF-α (P<0.001). In addition, combination intervention was associated with more changes in these variables compared to the other two interventions but in the exercise group, the decrease in TNF-α level was more than vitaminD group (p=0.012). Conclusion: It seems that in the overweight status with low levels of vitamin D, anti-inflammatory effects of each Pilates training, vitaminD supplementation interventions and a combination of the two methods can be attributed in part to up-regulation IL-10 and TNF-α reduction but the effectiveness of combined intervention on the development of inflammation was greater than on the other two interventions. Also, the effect of Pilates training on reducing TNF-α is stronger than vitaminD supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Phonological awareness skills as part of phonological processing skills can predict the degree of success in acquiring written and reading skills. Phonological awareness skills are one of the areas of concern in children with severe and profound hearing loss, which has been less studied in these children. So the aim of this study was to evaluate these skills in cochlear implant children and compare them with their normal counterparts. Materials and Methods: Studied population included 25 CI children and 25 normal children aged 4-6 years, who were monolingual Persian speakers. There were selected CI children and the normal children from the Rehabilitation Center of Naqmeh and the Kindergartens in Mashhad respectively. After selecting each participant, test of phonological awareness was administered. In order to compare the mean scores of each of the subtests, data were analyzed using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney U test. Ethical Considerations:This study was registered with the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences under code IR.MUMS.REC.1396.263 . Findings: Mean scores of cochlear implant children were significantly lower than normal children in all phonological awareness subscales (P<0.05). Conclusion: In both age groups, normal children showed better performance than the cochlear implanted children in the phonological awareness test. Weakness of phonological awareness skills in cochlear implant children seems to be associated with hearing deprivation before cochlear implantation, which requires to speed up surgery at an early age and implementation of an effective rehabilitation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]