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Tillandsia viridiflora (Beer) Baker is an epiphytic bromeliad endemic to Mexico, and the destruction of its habitat and illegal trade have led to its inclusion in the list of endangered species in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. For its commercial use as an ornamental plant, a massive propagation system is required. In vitro plant tissue culture techniques are an option for producing large numbers of plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal conditions to regenerate plants in vitro by direct organogenesis and acclimatize them. Organogenesis was evaluated in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.0 and 8.8 µM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.0 and 2.1 µM) from in vitro seedlings germinated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration. Shoot groups were placed in MS medium with gibberellic acid (GA3, 0 and 5.77 µM) to promote elongation. Shoot rooting was evaluated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration added with NAA (0.00 and 2.15 µM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.00 and 2.15 µM). During acclimatization, we evaluated two plant heights and two types of substrates: peat + perlite (1:1) and pine bark (Pinus). We established a completely randomized design and the data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA; the Tukey test was used for the comparison of means. Germination was 82% in five weeks. In the organogenesis, 10.4 shoots were induced per explant with 6.65 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, and the multiplication resulted in 13 shoots with 4.4 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, both cases in 12 weeks. The largest elongation (1.5 cm) of the shoots occurred by adding 5.7 µM of gibberellic acid; and the highest number of roots (2.4 roots per plant) resulted from adding 1.0 µM NAA. In acclimatization, survival was 100% with 4.5 and 6.5 cm plants planted in peat+perlite and pine bark [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quishuar is a forest species which is well known for its uses. Intensive farming and unsatisfied plant supply have been limited to meet reforestation programs. Micropropagation is a technique that would help eradicate this problem as the purpose is to produce more plants in less time. The objective of this research was to develop protocols for disinfection, establishment, and multiplication in vitro; for this reason, tests from seeds and plants sprouts were carried out; the first phase with seeds, using kilol and benomil, together with NaOCl at 3% (10 min). The results indicate that the germination percentage was 100% in MS (Murashige y Skoog medium) and the contamination, oxidation percentage was 0%. On the other hand, plants sprouts exposed to fungicides, antioxidants and NaOCl at 1% (10 min), did not have contamination or oxidation. The sprouting percentage was 100% in WPM (Woody Plant Medium). In the second phase in MS medium without the addition of hormones, plant sprouts (1.95 cm), knots number (1.94 knots) and multiplication rate (2.67) were observed. Based on the results, it is suggested that protocols are effective for in vitro propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plantain (Musa-AAB Simmonds) is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Musaceae family and is traditionally clonal propagated by selecting and harvesting corms from mother plants that comply with certain characteristics and planting them in the definitive field where the new plant will grow. This method will perpetuate plant characteristics but there is no guarantee for plant uniformity and disease propagation associated with the propagule. Micropropagation is the clonal propagation of plant under controlled conditions, absence of microorganisms and explants that result in high phenotypic and genetic uniformity. To increase the efficiency of the plantain micropropagation protocol, the effect of lengthwise cuts (zero, one or two) on the new shoot production during the in vitro explant establishment stage was evaluated. Explants were established in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with (In mg L-1) sucrose (30,000), myo-inositol (1), thiamine HCl (0,1) and TC agar (6,000). Treatments were distributed with a complete randomized design with 20 replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA (α = 0.05) and means were separated with a Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results evidenced that treatemnt consisting of a double perpendicular cut induced a significant increase in shoot formation compared to other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro culture of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) is shown as an alternative to traditional propagation through cuttings, reducing the multiplication time, reducing the use of spaces and facilitating the mobilization of germplasm. In this document we review the recent advances in the in vitro establishment of nopal, the use of growth regulators, obtaining doses of plant hormones in shoot development and the acclimatization process of Opuntia ficus-indica. We finish indicating the importance of the use of biotechnological tools such as plant tissue culture, which contributions are underestimated for the solution of various challenges, which urgently need to be addressed in the Opuntia spp. It resizes the existing problems around this process and that have been generated thanks to the recurring lack and abundance of raw material, as well as its health and the necessary link that must correspond between institutions, researchers and producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]