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This study analyzes sex ratio at birth in Spain from the late 19th century to the present. A detailed examination has been performed for the period between 1975 and 2019, considering over 20 million birth records. In addition to verifying the low reliability of the birth records during the early 20th century, we have also found that, in contrast to general beliefs, this ratio is not consistent. Our data suggest that parental age and race, birth order and intensity of solar radiation, all clearly influence this indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we examine the evolution of suicide rates in Spain from 1910 to 2011. As something new, we use standardised suicide rates, making them perfectly comparable geographically and in time, as they no longer reflect population structure. Using historical data from a series of socioeconomic variables for all Spain's provinces and applying new techniques for the statistical analysis of panel data, we are able to confirm many of the hypotheses established by Durkheim at the end of the 19th century, especially those related to fertility and marriage rates, age, sex and the ageing index. Our findings, however, contradict Durkheim's approach regarding the impact of urbanisation processes and poverty on suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]