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Comorbidity is more the rule than the exception in mental health, specifically in the case of anxiety and depression. Transdiagnostic models studied the underlying processes to improve mental health treatment and understating. Objective: This systematic review searchs for evidence on transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and depression in the clinical population diagnosed with these psychopathological conditions, by analysing the different types or categories of factors identified. Methods: A systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370327) and was designed according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Two independent reviewers with field knowledge assessed the study quality to reduce bias. Results: Fifty-three articles were examined, and the transdiagnostic variables were grouped into three categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Conclusions: The most studied category was that of psychological variables, especially cognitive processes, negative affect, and neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity. Biological and sociocultural factors require more study to support their transdiagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide has emerged as a pressing global issue affecting both society and public health. In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could prove effective in its approach, supported by evidence of the relationship between certain components of ACT and suicidal behavior. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of ACT in suicidal behavior. For this, the PRISMA protocol was followed, using the following databases: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and PsicoDoc. Initially, 108 potentially relevant publications were obtained, 13 of which were finally included in the review. We analyzed study quality using a risk of bias assessment instrument. As a result, statistically significant decreases in suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors were observed. In addition, some studies indicated statistically significant relationships between increased psychological flexibility and decreased SI. While the data suggested the potential effectiveness of ACT in reducing suicidal ideation (SI), more experimental studies are needed to consider the complexity of suicidal behavior and explore the processes of change involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the effects of aerobic exercise on the components of the metabolic syndrome in older adult diabetic patients by means of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and methods. We used the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane library, Web of Science databases and the Google Scholar search engine. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently determined whether studies met the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2). Quantitative analyses were performed in R v 4.0.5, using random effects. Results. We identified 8697 studies, of which 7 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies were assessed as having a high or low RoB in at least three domains. Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise was effective in improving glucose levels (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -1.27, -0.81), systolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.02, -0.56), diastolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.75; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.52), glycosylated hemoglobin (SMD: -0.57, 95% CI: -0.77, -0.37), HDL (SMD: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.55), triglycerides (SMD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06). No significant adverse effects were reported. The level of certainty of the results was low for fasting glucose, moderate for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and very low for the other outcomes, in addition to few adverse effects. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the use of surrogate markers. Conclusions. Aerobic exercise was shown to have a significant improvement in the components of the metabolic syndrome in older diabetic adults, and no major adverse effects were reported. However, we recommend more RCTs with longer intervention time to establish the impact on symptoms and complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents a systematic review of scientific articles on friendship and character education (CE) published between 2007 and 2021. It seeks to identify the dominant theories from which CE is approached, how friendship is understood in the studies, and what specific relationship is built between friendship and character; in other words, the extent to which it is posited that friendship can be harnessed to acquire virtues. Results indicate a prevalence of a psychological approach to CE, linked to an instrumentalist perspective on friendship, which associates it with certain benefits. However, this approach is closely followed by a philosophical–moral view that understands friendship as a good in itself and, consequently, highlights its humanizing potential. The Aristotelian framework for understanding friendship and character stands out within this approach. The relationship between friendship and character in the selected articles is explored through 5 categories that emerged in the analysis: 1) friendship for character; 2) character for friendship; 3) friendship and transgressions; 4) teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the influence of friendship; and 5) analysis of programmes that include friendship in the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alerta (San Salvador) - Revista Cientifica del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the observational instruments used to evaluate the parental responsiveness construct, with special attention to the components that are evaluated, the application characteristics, and the criteria for use. Method: A systematic review of the instruments published through the PsychINFO and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of the instruments, extracted the data, and assessed their characteristics. Results: A total of 33 instruments were selected. The components evaluated are diverse and more than 50% also evaluate other constructs. Of these, 45% are medium focus and most have a positive focus. More than half are encoded through video, slightly less than half request to perform specific tasks, the time allocated to evaluation is highly variable, and all of them require specific training for their use. Discussion: There is a wide range of instruments to assess parental responsiveness. This review offers clues that facilitate the choice of the most appropriate instrument for each professional or research need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The topic of academic failure, especially among high school adolescents, is quite complex, but has been the focus of few studies compared to the elementary school stage. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the phenomenon of school failure in high school from a systematic review of theses and dissertations (search period from 2013 to 2019). Eight studies (2 dissertations and 6 theses) were selected and submitted to qualitative content analysis, based on three thematic categories: sample characterization, methodological characteristics, and factors associated with the phenomenon of school failure. The results suggest a predominance of conceptions that blame the student and his family for the academic failure experienced, so that the implications of teachers and the education system are briefly highlighted. This refers to the difficulties in thinking about the phenomenon of school failure beyond what is immediately present in the school's daily life. Regarding methodological aspects, the studies were mostly qualitative and cross-sectional. The need for further investigation on the theme in Brazil is discussed in order to give more visibility to this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this investigation is the efficacy comparison of the different psychotherapies for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), with the aim of analyzing and understanding which therapies obtain better results and why. To this end, a systematic review was carried out on the current psychotherapies for BPD. First of all, the results showed that the psychotherapies most used for BPD were Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) and Schema-Based Therapy (SBT), among others, and all of them were efficacious. It should be noted that each of these therapies, as shown in the results, was efficacious in treating different symptoms, such as parasuicidal behavior control, however, some aspects such as emotional regulation were still resistant to treatment in many cases. Therefore, further investigations should be carried out to include elements of emotional regulation and measuring their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article conducts a systematic review on the prevalence of dating violence in adolescents and young people. Primary studies about physical, psychological and sexual dating violence (perpetration and victimization) were analyzed. A total of 1,221 references were found and, out of those, 113 met the pre-established quality criteria (studies had to have used assessment tools with evidence of reliability and validity in samples of over 500 participants or obtained through probabilistic sampling). The results showed great variability in the figures on the prevalence of dating violence. Specifically, the percentages range from 3.8% to 41.9% for perpetrated physical violence; from 0.4% to 57.3% for victimized physical violence; from 4.2% to 97% for perpetrated psychological violence; from 8.5% to 95.5% for victimized psychological violence; from 1.2% to 58.8% for perpetrated sexual violence; and finally, from 0.1% to 64.6% for victimized sexual violence. The results suggest a higher prevalence in the perpetration of psychological aggression by women and sexual violence by men; greater psychological and sexual victimization in women; and slightly higher rates of aggression in adolescents than in young adults. Also, in many of the papers the aggression had a bidirectional nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Implant Dentistry is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)