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The order Lepidoptera, composed of butterflies and moths, is very sensitive to changes caused by disturbances in their habitat. It has become a model group for studies of disturbance indicator species. Ecological bioindicator species are species or populations whose presence or absence reflect the effects of habitat disturbance. The objective of the review was to know the species of diurnal butterflies identified as ecological bioindicators in Mexico. We found 58 published studies on the diurnal butterfly community in natural and disturbed habitats. It was possible to detect butterflies species that are associated to etiher natural or disturbed habitats that can be used as potential bioindicators. 34 ecological bioindicator species were recorded and the largest number of studies correspond to southern Mexico (Campeche and Chiapas). 10 states lack studies (including Tlaxcala). The most reported species belong to the families Nymphalidae, Pieridae and Papilionidae (species of Lycaenidae and Rionidae were less reported). Species of Hesperiidae are not recommended for use as bioindicators because they do not meet the necessary characteristics. The vegetation types with the most studies were low, medium and high forest. Diurnal butterflies have been used as ecological bioindicators of anthropogenic disturbance (mainly fragmentation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our review of the skipper genus Matapa Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) in China revealed that there are 6 species in the country. A new species, M. pseudodruna, sp. nov. from Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, is described and illustrated. M. druna (Moore), M. purpurascens Elwes & Edwards and M. cresta Evans are recorded in the country for the first time. We propose that Metapa pseudosasivarna Lee should be a new synonym of M. sasivarna (Moore). The key for the separation of the Matapa species by de Jong is modified to reflect our result. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of the South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou (SCAU). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]