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Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A total of 270 fingerlings (10.7 ± 0.06 g of average weight) were randomly distributed in three treatments with three repetitions, according to a completely randomized design, to evaluate the total substitution of a high fishmeal percentage for silages of fishery by-products in extruded diets for Clarias gariepinus. The treatments were catfish fingerling feed with 25 % of fish meal (control) and two alternative diets, with 10% (dry basis) of silage: one prepared with 98 % of sulfuric acid, and the other with formic acid. Animals were fed for 60 d. No differences were found (P> 0.05) in the final weights (66.63, 66.27 and 70.71 g) and food conversion (1.18, 1.18 and 1.15). However, there were differences for protein efficiency between the diet with fishmeal (2.34) and the silage of fishery products (3.09 and 3.18). Survival was excellent in all treatments (> 96.66%). The economic analysis showed that the profits with silage (US $ 2534.22 and 2430.05/t) were superior to control (US $ 1689.44/t). It is concluded that chemical silages of fishery by-products can replace a high percentage of fishmeal in extruded diets for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings with a positive economic effect, by reducing the importation of fishmeal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To chemically and microbiologically characterize a technological variant of Vitafert, intended for animal production, chemical composition and amino acid profile of dry Vitafert were determined. In the microbiological analysis, populations of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms were evaluated. A descriptive analysis was applied for data processing. Glutamic acid, leucine, proline, aspartic acid and alanine were predominant in the amino acid pattern. Dry Vitafert showed high concentration of lactic acid bacteria (15 x 107 CFU.g-1) and absence of pathogenic microorganisms. Concentration of individual short chain fatty acids was low and the pH value was 5.41. Results indicate the potential of dry Vitafert for its use in animal feed, due to its chemical composition and concentration of lactic acid bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a one-way design, with four treatments and three repetitions, different percentages (1, 3 and 5) of substitution of commercial feed by natural zeolite in Nile tilapia GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. A total of 240 small fish (0.11 ± 0.03 g initial weigh) were used, which were fed with experimental rations during 60d.The increase of zeolite in the rations decrease (P < 0.05) the amount of food per animal (9.08 to 6.50 g) and intake protein (2.95 a 2.09 g).There were not differences (P >0.05) in the final weights (5.88, 5.84, 4.89 and 5.74 g) and survivals (86.66, 95.67, 90.00 and 90.00 %) between the experimental treatments. However, the feed conversion and protein efficiency increase (P < 0.05) with 5 % of zeolite, which allowed decrease the feeding costs with saving of US $ 226.74 /t. It is concluded that the substitution of 5 % of commercial feed by natural zeolite improves the efficiency in the food use as positive economic effect. It is proposed to continue researchers with zeolite as partial replacement of protein raw matters in tilapias feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This paper describes and discusses patterns of behavior of M. chimachima related to nesting, feeding, parental care, learned behaviors, vocalizations and mobbing. Materials and methods. Between the months of January and May, 2017, synchronized and parallel linear transects were applied to the location of birds in the urban area of Santiago de Tolú, Sucre Colombia; subsequently, four fixed observation points were established for recording the different evaluated behaviors. Results. It was established that the construction of nests agrees with that established for the species, and contributions were made to the knowledge of parental care and learning processes. For the first time, three types of flight were described. It was evident that there are differences in the food consumed by adults and juveniles, with fishing and removing ticks from cattle as activities only carried out by mature individuals. It was recorded for the first time that P. sulphuratus (Aves, Tyrannidae) harasses M. chimachima (Aves, Falconidae), a behavior associated with parental care. Conclusions. The results contribute to knowledge on the ethology of this falconiform species of common occurrence in the Colombian Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to gather information related to nutritional composition of dried distillery grains with solubles from different sources (maize, sorghum, wheat and barley), as well as to summarize research that has been conducted with the use of this by-product in rabbits. It is also reported about the advantages and limitations of dried distillery grains with solubles for this species, with the knowledge that it is possible that digestive specificities of rabbits make that some of the nutritional losses observed in other monogastric animals are not so relevant for rabbits. Dried distillery grains with solubles constitute a good protein source, digestible energy, neutral detergent fiber and phosphorus, which makes them a favorable food ingredient to be used in rabbit feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the effect of three diets on the growth of juvenile common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) maintained in freshwater ponds Materials and methods. 108 juvenile of common snook were homogenous and randomly distributed in a pond, divided into 9 corrals of 50 m2. Three diets were applied (D1: commercial food for trout, 45% protein; D2: commercial food for cobia, 50% protein and D3: fresh fish, 17.52% protein). The experimental treatments were assigned in triplicate and diets were supplied in two daily doses. Biometrics were performed every 20 days to assess: weight, size, Length-Weight correlation, Feed Conversion Factor (FCA), Condition Factor (K), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and survival; during 120 days. The results were evaluated with a one-way ANOVA, when differences (p<0.05) were found the means were compared by test Median Mood, otherwise a pos-hoc test was performed (Tukey HSD). Results. Applying the test of Mood Median significant differences were found, showing the highest growth with D2, where values of SGR=0.65±0.09 g/day; FCA=3.76 and K=0.81±0.06. Survival was D1=51.4%, D2=50% and D3=77.8% without inferring statistically among the different diets. Conclusions. The culture of this species in freshwater ponds with commercial food for cobia, is viable in terms of growth and weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the partial replacement of fish meal by chemical silage of pig by-products in extruded diets to feeding fish, a total of 360 small fish of Clarias gariepinus (10.15 ± 0.01 g initial weight and 11.8 ± 0.01 cm) were used, randomly placed in three treatments with three repetitions, according to one-way model. The treatments were a control diet, with 35 % of fish meal and two experimental, with levels of 10 and 20 % (dry basis) of chemical silage with pig by-products, representing substitution of 28.75 % and 57.14 % of fish meal, respectively. The survival was high in all treatments (100 to 96%). The food and protein supplied per fish were reduced (P <0.05) in 8.64 g and 3.09 g respectively, for 20% of pig by-products with respect to the control. There were significant differences (P <0.001) in growth. In the treatments with 10 and 20 % of chemical silage of pig by-products, the final weights were 7.4 g and 28.33 g lower than in the control, and the length was only statistically reduced 3.26 cm for 20% of chemical silage of pig by-products. The conversion factor was affected at 530 g more of food/kg of live weight, when including 20% of by-product chemical silage, as well as protein efficiency, which decreased with that treatment. The condition factors K were similar for the three evaluated diets. It is concluded that silage can be acceptable up to 10% (dry basis) in extruded diets for Clarias gariepinus and higher levels markedly reduce productive indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batata (L). Lam) is a globally significant crop, with nutritional, economic, and agronomic value for both human and animal consumption. However, surpluses tuberous roots and fresh forage (t.ha-1) go to waste during harvest due to the lack of market opportunities and transformation technologies. The country's Science, Technology, and Innovation policies emphasize ensuring food security for families through animal production. Therefore, the nutritional quality of the residues from the AGROSAVIA Aurora sweet potato crop was evaluated to enhance their use in the feed for livestock systems of small-scale farmers. Samples of forage (leaves, petioles, and tender stems) and tuberous roots of the crop were collected 90 days after establishment. The analyzed nutrients included Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), Ash (Ash), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and Gross Energy (GE: Mcal/kg/DM). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on the nutritional components. The average nutrient composition and standard deviation of forage and roots were as follows: CP= 14.6 ± 9.97%; 4.5 ± 2.1; EE= 3.2 ± 3.1%; 1.3 ± 1.1% Ash= 11.1 ± 7.84; 75 ± 2.34 NDF= 39.9 ± 15.41%; 10.45 ± 7.4% ADF= 32.85 ± 10.25%; 4.55 ± 1.6% GE (Kcal/kg-1DM) = 4370 ± 0.53; 4155 ± 0.25. The results of this study demonstrate that the surplus forage and tuberous roots from sweet potato cultivation contain significant concentrations of energy and protein nutrients with potential use in animal feed, contributing to the sustainability and food security of small-scale farmers using local and cost-effective alternatives that do not compete with human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 225 young fish of Clarias gariepinus (10.1+0.01g initial average weight) were randomly distributed in three triplicate treatments according to the simple classification model, with the purpose of evaluating the productive performance of these fishes, by reducing the amount of ration and increase dietary protein levels. The treatments consisted of three diets with 34.7, 39.2 and 43.7% of crude protein added at 8.0, 7.0 and 6.4% of body weight / day so that all fishes received 2.8 g of crude protein / kg live weight /day. The supplied feed did not significantly differ (P> 0.05) between treatments (44.3, 44.9 and 45.3 g/fish). However, significant differences were found in supplied CP (16.1, 18.0 and 20.4 g / fish), the growths (39.4, 47.8 and 59.1 g of average weight) and feed conversion (1.5, 1.2 and 0.9), in favor of increasing dietary protein levels. The economic analysis showed differences in the rations cost (US $ 0,857, 0,977 and 1.088 / kg), but lower amounts in the production of 1kg of live weight (US $ 1,285, 1,172 and 0.979 / kg). It was demonstrated that the reduction of the amount of ration with increase of dietary protein improved the productive performance of Clarias gariepinus with positive economic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the main scientific results of beef production, obtained in the Instituto de Ciencia Animal, mainly related to the use of grasses, forages and agro-industrial residues, as sources of animal food. The essential elements for a good development of feeding systems are reported. This research also states the knowledge related to stocking rate, grazing methods, supplementation level, and other indicators that allow to optimize each fattening system, with possibilities of obtaining gains near to the kilogram liveweight per day in systems in which the use of oleaginous seeds and cereals only contribute to complement nutritional deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the stomach contents of 2915 individuals of the whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, ranging from 15.6 to 42.0 cm total length, collected from a coastal lagoon in Rocha, Uruguay, during 1997-1999. A total of 56% (n = 1646) of individuals were found with content in their stomachs. Six food items were identified and classified as crustaceans (49%), polychaetes (26%), vegetal debris (15%), molluscs, juvenile fishes, and unidentified contents, the latter three representing less than 5% of the total stomach contents. Fishes displayed a higher proportion of stomachs with food between February and August 1998, simultaneous with a low gonadosomatic index and a decrease in water temperature. Crustaceans were the dominant food item from November 1997 to March 1998 and from November to December 1998 (austral summer), whereas polychaetes were predominant from April to October 1998 and from January to February 1999. Availability of polychaetes and their higher frequency of occurrence in the stomachs before the reproductive period could play an important role in the reproduction of the species. Feeding frequency was correlated with length classes. Smaller fishes (<25 cm) preyed on polychaetes and vegetal debris, whereas larger fishes fed mainly on crustaceans and fishes. The temporal feeding habits of M. furnieri in this coastal lagoon showed selective and opportune utilization of prey items according to annual variability in reproductive status and water temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]