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The design method directly based on the internal force under rare earthquake by using equivalent linearization method was studied to realize the design of RC frame structure. First, this paper summarizes existing equivalent linearization methods. Then, through comparing the linear response of the reinforced concrete frame structures obtained by equivalent linearization method with the nonlinear response obtained by nonlinear time history analysis，the effectiveness of different equivalent linearization methods was verified，and the value of equivalent linearization parameters was proposed. Finally, RC frame structures with different heights were designed using equivalent linearization method in accordance with the Chinese seismic code. The nonlinear dynamic time history analysis was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving the expected earthquake failure mode. The result indicates that the structural response under rare earthquake could be better simulated by the secand stiffness method in which stiffness reduction and additional damping ratio are considered at the same time. It is a better way to guide the RC frame structure to the preset failure mode using the internal force under rare earthquake obtained by equivalent linearization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]