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Copyright of TECHNE: Journal of Technology for Architecture & Environment is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper an off-grid microgrid, based on 100% renewable energy, integrated with an electric vehicle charging station, an electric vehicle parking station, and a demand-response program was modeled. The electric vehicle charging station operated based on a battery swapping model in order to charge the electric vehicles in the shortest time possible. The electric vehicle parking station was used to park vehicles during various hours of the 24-hour period. The vehicles inside the parking had to be fully charged by the microgrid when leaving the parking station. Since these vehicles were parked for several hours, their charging time was not limited, and they are charged by direct chargers rather than battery swapping. The loads of the microgrid were under a demand-response program, and they were curtailable, non-curtailable, shiftable, and interruptible loads. The only energy source of microgrid was solar PV systems; the solar-energy related issues such as zero energy during night, output power variations, and the possibility of losing the whole or a part of energy due to shade should be dealt with. In the proposed method, an optimal programming was applied to the chargingdischarging of the swapping batteries in charging station, to the charging-discharging of electric vehicles in the parking station, and to the energy management of loads (i.e., curtailable, non-curtailable, shiftable, and interruptible loads). The mismatch of energy and the lack of solar energy were compensated by the discharging power from charging and parking stations as well as by the management of the power of loads. Simulation results demonstrated that the unavailability of solar energy during the night resulted in paying 50% of the daily revenue as penalty cost. During hours such as 7 to 19, when the solar energy was available, the plan used the solar power as much as possible and limited the extracted energy from other energy resources. The energy of shiftable loads was supplied mostly from 13 to 15 hours, when solar energy was at the maximum level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNE: Journal of Technology for Architecture & Environment is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Energy Engineering & Management is the property of University of Kashan Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic development and increased demand for energy make it necessary for the use of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Raw solid wastes, as one of the sources of biogas, contribute significantly to the creation of a type of renewable energy. Reviews show that biomass energy can be considered as an alternative to fossil fuels. In addition to its fewer harmful effects on the environment, it is an inexhaustible source of energy. The general purpose of this research is to explain a conceptual framework of using renewable energy in rural areas based on biological resources. To operationalize this target, we designed a conceptual framework by designing valid internal and external sources in the field of research. Then, based on the conceptual framework, we calculated the amount of energy extracted in the garden, crop, livestock, and household parts of the under-studied village. In the following, considering the baseline calculations of energy, we presented applied scenarios. The results show that the total amount of energy obtained from biomass is 70857266.1 kJ. By defining multiple scenarios, the energy obtained from the biomass sector can suplly 17.17% of household electricity consumption, 2.60% of gas consumption, 68.58% of the energy needed for public lighting of rural pathways, 54.67% of electricity required for pumping the village water to natural resources lands with 131 meters high, 70.3% of power needed for sprinkler irrigations, and 60.42% of the electricity required for drip irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)