Search

Objective In recent years, the infant development and assessment programs have received attention by the health system of Iran. In this regard, the training of examiners for performing the Bayley tests has become one of the needs of the health system. This study aims to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Bayley-III examiner clinical performance scale. Materials & Methods In this study, participants were Bayley-III test examiners from medical universities in Iran, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. First, in focused group discussion sessions with 10 Bayley-III test experts, the items of instrument were formulated. Then, to evaluate the face validity, the questionnaire was sent to a panel of expert consisting of 8 Bayley-III experts and examiners and they were asked to rate the items from 1 to 5 in terms of importance. The items with an impact score of less than 1.5 were deleted, and other items were revised, if needed. To evaluate content validity, the questionnaire was sent to 10 Bayley-III test experts, and then the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were measured. The items with CVR <0.6 and CVI <0.7 were deleted. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by calculating the inter-rater reliability, test re-test reliability, and internal consistency. Quantitative data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 22. Results The instrument with 66 items, including 32 items for the cognitive domain, 22 items for the language domain (13 for receptive and 9 for expressive components), 12 items for the motor domain (9 for fine and 3 for gross motor skills), and 14 items for the general section, was assessed in stability and reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test re-test reliability was obtained 0.83 for the specific section and 0.86 for the general section. The ICC for the inter-rater reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 58-82). The highest correlation value was related to the cognitive scale (0.88), and the lowest value was for the gross motor skill subscale (0.76). The kappa coefficient for the inter-rater reliability of the general section was above 0.7. The kappa coefficient for the specific section ranged from 1 to 0.35. The Cronbach’s α for the internal consistency of the general section was 0.76. Conclusion The designed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the clinical performance of Bayley-III test examiners in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medical Library Forum is the property of Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Schizophrenia is the most debilitating psychiatric disorder with the highest psychiatric ward admission rate. Drug therapy is the first line of treatment. However, it does not result in appropriate therapeutic responses in many patients, and they experience emotional regulation difficulties and psychosis symptoms after initial symptom resolution. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently an adjuvant treatment besides drug therapy to target the persistent symptoms of psychosis. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of CBT on the positive and negative symptoms and emotional regulation of those suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Materials & Methods The research design was single-subject and of the AB type (baseline and intervention) with a follow-up phase. Besides the routine therapy sessions, CBT sessions were held for the study participants. They were patients admitted to Razi Educational and Therapeutic and Research Psychiatric Center in Tehran City, Iran, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Thirty patients were selected with convenience sampling, and 5 were randomly placed in the CBT group. They were evaluated with the scales of positive and negative symptoms of Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler (1986) and difficulties in emotional regulation by Gratz and Roemer (2004) in the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. The treatment sessions were planned based on the CBT protocol developed by Laura Smith, Paula Nathan, Uta juniper, Patrick Kingsep, and Louella Lim (2003). Non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), percentage of all nonoverlapping data (PAND), percentage of data points exceeding the median (PEM), Cohen's d effect size, and improvement percentages were used to analyze the data, and visual graphs were used for data presentation. Results The outcomes showed that in the intervention phase, compared to the baseline phase, the effect sizes of the positive and negative symptoms in the first to fifth participants were 1.6, 3.1, 3.2, 1.9, and 2.4, respectively. Only the effect sizes of the second and third participants were large. The effect sizes of the emotional regulation factor in the first to fifth participants were 2.8, 1.2, 1.1, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively. The effect size of the second participant was large, and the rest were average. The findings of this study showed that during the post-therapy and follow-up stages, while patients who had received CBT still experienced positive and negative symptoms of psychosis and difficulties in emotional regulation; these symptoms decreased in comparison with the baseline phase. Furthermore, their improvement percentages were not significant. Conclusion Data analysis showed that although CBT is effective in reducing positive and negative psychotic symptoms and improving the emotional regulation of patients, the data obtained from Cohen's d effect size and recovery indices showed that the results are not clinically significant. In other words, although the patients who received CBT showed a slight improvement in psychotic symptoms and difficulty in emotional regulation, they could not maintain the therapeutic gains in the follow-up phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GMS Journal for Medical Education is the property of German Medical Science Publishing House gGmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)