Search

The present research was developed considering the peak of pig production in Cuba and the importance of food production for human and animal consumption. It also answers to the need of fuel saving and of obtaining that production with minimum expenses from raw materials of national origin. This work is presented in three parts. Firstly, the technologies and methods used in Germany for biogas production are described. There, great-format plants are used which are adequate to generate heat, electricity and an organic fertilizer. Secondly, the particularities of these biogas plants are approached. And finally, their possible use in Cuba is analyzed. As a result, the study shows the state of the art in the use of biogas facilities of great-format to international and national scale, which is used to obtain heat, electricity and bio-fertilizers, minimizing the aspects of environmental contamination, in correspondence with UN Agenda 2030 of Sustainable Development, also adopted in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest world conferences on the environment and climate change have played a fundamental role in the diffusion and insertion of renewable energy in the world electrical grid. In this context, renewable sources of distributed generation stand out for presenting advantages in both economic and socio-environmental spheres. This study analyzes the national and international context of distributed generation of solar photovoltaic energy, by comparing them and proposing strategies for greater penetration and diffusion of this modality. A temporal analysis of the carbon emission in the electric grid is also carried out based mainly on thermoelectric generation, and the projection of emissions is verified based on the evolution of distributed generation according to PDE 2026. In order to materialize the emission reduction, it was considered the area in hectares of Atlantic Forest required to sequester a given volume of carbon dioxide equivalent. Based on the analysis of the results, this article concludes that fiscal, economic and financial incentives at regional scales are the main ways to leverage the growth of this modality, as observed in the reference countries. In the environmental aspect, a significant mitigation of the emission of greenhouse gases from this new type of electricity generation was found. Results indicated that, based on the increase in installed capacity of 3.6 GW of photovoltaic GD over the ten-year horizon, it is estimated to avoid the emission of 337 thousand tons of CO2eq, corresponding to a reforestation area of approximately 2500 hectares or 56 times the size of the Vatican territory. This paper tried to expand the studies for a greater participation of the solar photovoltaic generation distributed in the electric grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]