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Background: The uneven lipid-lowering statin effects and statin intolerance raise interest regarding the involvement of coadministration of statins and dietary supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of octacosanol supplementation on markers of redox status in cardiovascular patients on chronic atorvastatin therapy. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centre study was conducted. Redox status homeostasis parameters i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total protein sulfhydryl (SHgroups), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity were assessed in 81 patients. According to favorable changes in lipid profile, patients were classified into two groups: responders (n = 35) and non-responders (n = 46), and followed for 13 weeks. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore the effect of octacosanol supplementation and the relationship between investigated parameters as predictors of responders’ and non-responders’ status. Results: Significant decrease in Oxy-score value was found at the endpoint compared to baseline in responders’ group (21.0 (13.4–25.5) versus 15.1 (12.4–18.0); P < 0.01). PCA analysis extracted 4 significant factors in the both groups, whereas extracted factors containing »octacosanol status« variable explained 14.7% and 11.5% of the variance in responders’ and non-responders’ subgroups, respectively. Conclusions: Octacosanol supplementation leads to an improvement of lipid profile and markers of redox status in responders’ group. New studies are needed to validate our results in order to find the best approach for personalized supplementation as a useful adjunct to standard statin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Diabetes is a common and non-communicable disease that is on the rise around the world due to the lifestyle and eating habits of people. Long-term complications of diabetes include retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiac symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, sexual symptoms, and cerebrovascular events. Based on the numerous studies to reduce the complications of diabetes, exercise and medicinal plants (due to not having the side effects of synthetic drugs) are the most important strategies to control blood glucose and hyperlipidemia; however, the simultaneous impact of these two interventions has recently been considered by researchers. Therefore, it seems necessary to review these studies in the field of sports nutrition and use these two interventions at the same time. Objective This study aimed to review the effects of consuming 10 medicinal plants simultaneously with exercise. Methods We searched all databases, especially Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Magiran, with relevant keywords, such as "medicinal plant", "anti-diabetic component", "exercise", "training", "glycemic index", and "lipid profile", without time limit. The articles were then categorized based on exercise and herbs on carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. Results According to the studies conducted in the databases, 564 articles related to exercise and medicinal plants were observed. However, according to the inclusion criteria (dealing with physical activity, medicinal plants, and also diabetes), 34 articles related to the effects of exercises and medicinal plants in diabetes status were selected. Among the obtained studies, 10 medicinal plants, most of which were studied simultaneously with exercises, were examined. The results showed that medicinal plants, with their antioxidant activity and mechanisms related to stimulating insulin secretion, control hyperlipidemia. They act along with exercise activities depending on the type, intensity, and duration and increase the body's antioxidant activity and glucose consumption in muscle via non-insulin-dependent pathways in diabetic conditions. Conclusion It seems that due to the challenging nature of the exercise intervention, using plant antioxidants along with physical activity will lead to improved metabolic parameters in diabetic patients. However, to confirm the safety of consumption, besides examining the therapeutic effects of plants and their active compounds, their toxicity should also be investigated. Also, the small number of samples, failure to follow the long-term effects of simultaneous use of medical plants and exercise, and lack of precise diet control in human samples are limitations of this study. So conducting human studies in this area with caution and deleting the overcoming limitations is necessary for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochemical composition was assessed in green (Ulva expansa, Caulerpa sertularioides, Rhizoclonium riparium, Codium isabelae), red (Spyridia filamentosa, Gracilaria vermiculophylla), and brown (Padina durvillaei) seaweeds collected from different tropical lagoons on the Pacific coast of Sinaloa, Mexico. Protein content was higher in C. sertularioides, S. filamentosa, and G. vermiculophylla (10–12%), followed by R. riparium, P. durvillaei, and U. expansa (8%, 6%, and 4%, respectively). Lipid content was in the range of 0.3–1.5%, with the highest value found in R. riparium. The highest content of nitrogen-free extract (i.e., carbohydrates) (69%) and the lowest ash value (25%) were assessed in P. durvillaei. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was in the range of 5–45%, with higher values in R. riparium (45%), C. sertularioides (39%), and P. durvillaei (23%). Red seaweeds showed the highest value of cholesterol+dehydrocholesterol (>90%), while green seaweeds showed the highest contents of β-sitosterol (71–77%), except for U. expansa, for which fucosterol+isofucosterol (79%) was highest. Pigment composition was different among seaweeds but coincided with previous reports. The biochemical components used as biomarkers were assessed by principal component analysis to discriminate among assessed variables and to cluster seaweed species according to the common variability of their biochemical composition. Results showed that composition was similar within seaweed divisions but particularly different in U. expansa and P. durvillaei. Biochemical compounds that contributed to total variability were β-sitosterol, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene, and to a lesser extent fucosterol+isofocusterol and 22:6n-3. Results showed that the analyzed seaweed species may be useful for animal nutrition and appropriate for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis, affecting 2-4% of the world's population, is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Its multifactorial aetiopathogenesis consists of, for example, abnormal epidermal proliferation, immune disturbances, and genetic, psychosomatic, environmental and hormonal factors. Psoriasis is also considered to be a systemic disorder closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity or metabolic syndrome. Lipids have a variety of biological functions. They participate not only in energy storage and expenditure or the formation of cell membranes, but also in inflammatory and metabolic signalling pathways. Disturbances in their homeostasis lead to the development of immunometabolic disorders, including psoriasis. Based on the available literature, this article presents selected molecular and clinical aspects involved in the multidirectional effect of lipids on psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions that potentially have association with lipid and cholesterol content in Nellore cattle meat. Phenotypes of 615 Nellore bulls were obtained according to the methods described by Bligh and Dyer (1959) and Saldanha et al. (2004). Data of 658 genotyped Nellore bulls were used for association studies through the ssGWAS method. Those animals were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD® Beadchip (777 962 SNP) or Gene Seek GGPi (74,153 SNP). Based on another Nellore population genotyped for Illumina Bovine HD® Beadchip, genotypes were determined using the FImpute software. After quality control (MAF <2% and call rate <90%), 535 824 SNP in autosomal chromosomes were used in the association analyses. Single step analyses were performed using a pedigree composed by 4065 animals by the BLUPf90 program considering windows of 10 markers to estimate their effects. This procedure enables the identification of regions associated with lipid and cholesterol content by chromosome. Results of this research showed regions on chromosomes 5, 10, 12, 23 and 29 related to lipid content and on chromosomes 3, 10, 11, 12 13, 17 and 18 associated with cholesterol deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]