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It is possible to encounter the name of Emine Semiye in various studies conducted on the last periods of the Ottoman history, e.g., works on the Ottoman bureaucracy, Union and Progress Party, and Ottoman Democratic Party. The name of Emine Semiye, who contributed to education as a teacher in different periods, cities, and environments and participated in voluntary activities, particularly those on women's rights, is included in studies conducted in this regard. As she is the author of articles published in various newspapers and journals and literary works, Emine Semiye draws the interest of the literary world and the press. The letters written by Emine Semiye, who lived an extraordinary life considering the period in which she lived, have been significant documents to shed light on her biography and ideas. "Letters to Ms. Guzin", which is also the subject of this article, was published in Yarin (Tomorrow) journal. It is understood that these letters were not seen in independent works written on Emine Semiye. Her "Letters to Ms. Guzin" was published between October-December 1921. These letters are also important in that they were sent from Istanbul, which was occupied then, to Anatolia, where there was a national struggle for independence. In this paper, Emine Semiye's Letters have been examined under 7 headings, excluding "Introduction" and "Conclusion". These headings are: "The Journal Where the Letters Were Published, Yarin", "Emine Semiye's Letters and Articles Published in Yarin", "Ms. Guzin, the Addressee of the Letters", "The Contribution of the Letters to the Biography of Emine Semiye", "Letters to Ms. Guzin in Terms of Reflecting Emine Semiye's Intellectual World", and "Apostille". In this study, Emine Semiye's biography and intellectual world have not been rewritten. Rather, attention was drawn to the articles published in Yarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper covers the estimation of the water levels of Beysehir Lake, located in middle of Turkey, using the artificial intelligence (AI) such as the neural networks (NN) and the fuzzy logic (FL). The study considers the detailed investigation of the effect of the longterm estimate duration on the lake water level estimation. The analysed estimate ranges were 1 day, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days. The lake parameters such as the shortwave radiation, the lake total inflow rate, the lake total outflow rate and the past lake water levels constituted the input layer of the AI configurations. This study clearly showed that the estimate performance of the AI methods decreases with the increasing estimate range. It is also seen that the best estimate performance criteria are obtained by different AI methods for different estimate ranges. It is seen that the Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) showed relatively superior performance compared with the other two artificial neural networks, i.e. the Radial Basis Function (RBF) and the Feed Forward Back Propagation method (FFBP), and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method, for the long estimation ranges such as 60 and 90 days. The second overall best performance was obtained by FFBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the spotlights are over the problem of socio-economic inequalities. More people are having close attention to this phenomenon in the world and in Turkey. Because the economic transformation experienced in the last forty years triggers socio-economic inequalities to a great extent and creates different manifestations of the subject. Thus, the problem of socio-economic inequalities is subject to new research from different dimensions. Evaluation that monitoring inequalities through numerical indicators that give a general view, such as the gini coefficient, are not fully explanatory about the case. Because the gini coefficient provides a one-dimensional explanation and mostly obscures the different dimensions of the inequality. For this reason, calculations that make it possible to follow the contraction and expansion in different income groups within the country have started to be developed. This difference in assessment stems from the need to provide a framework for both the income status of different social groups and the changing social balances. This paper focuses the changes and variations in different income groups such as top 1 percent, middle income group and poor people. This paper offers a new framework for the assessment of socio-economic inequality by the analysis of the differentiation and change in these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in Turkey and in the World. Heart of Balçova Project is a community- based health promotion project that aims to reduce CVD incidence and prevalence through risk factor modification in the individual and population level. This paper presents results of the baseline survey that aimed to define CVD risk factors and risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Balçova population. Methods: The study population included 36,187 people over 30 years of age residing in Balçova in 2007. Individuals were interviewed at their homes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured and in total 12914 fasting blood samples were collected for lipid and glucose analyses. CHD risk was estimated using Framingham risk equation. Student's t test, Chi-square for trend test and ANOVA were used to compare mean levels and percentages of risk factors between age groups and gender. Results: In total 5552 men and 10528 women participated in the study. Smoking prevalence was 38.6% in men and 26.8% in women. The prevalence of obesity was 29.4% among men and 44.2% among women and obesity prevalence increased until the age group 75 years old. While 14.6% of men and 12.6% of women had diabetes, 39.8% of men and 41.8% of women had hypertension. The prevalence of high total cholesterol was 56.0% in men and 50.6% in women. Men had a higher risk of developing CHD compared to women in the following 10 years (13.4% vs 2.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of preventable risk factors for CHD is very high in Balçova population. Community-based interventions should be planned and implemented targeting both the high-risk individuals and whole population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]