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Background: This paper explores the assessment value of pathological condition of serum adiponectin (APN) and amylin in primary osteoporosis (POP) and their correlation with bone metabolism indexes. Methods: From January 2019 to June 2021, 79 cases of POP patients were selected as the research objects. A test of the patients’ bone density was conducted, and clinical grading of POP was via T value (normal, mild, moderate, severe). The analysis of the assessment value of pathological condition of serum APN and amylin for POP and their association with bone metabolism indexes in patients was performed. Results: APN and amylin in patients were declined with POP’s aggravation. APN of 5.15 mg/mL or less and amylin of 15.38 pmol/L or less were risk factors influencing the aggravation of pathological condition of POP (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of combined detection of APN and amylin to assess the severity of POP was elevated vs. alone test of amylin (P<0.05). 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH) D) and total type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (t-PINP) in patients were descended with the aggravation of pathological condition of osteoporosis (P<0.05). At the same time, no distinct differences were presented in the three groups of type I collagen hydroxyl terminal peptide b degradation product (b-CTX) and N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID) (P>0.05). APN, amylin, 25- (OH)D, b-CTX, and t-PINP were negatively linked with POP clinical grade (P<0.05). APN and amylin were associated with 25-(OH) D, b-CTX, t-PINP (P<0.05), and APN and amylin were not linked with N-MID (P>0.05). Conclusions: Serum APN and amylin are provided with evaluation values for the severity of POP and are associated with bone metabolism in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]