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This study is the first of its kind in Mongolia to make an ecological health assessment of birch forest, based on the composition of soil algae species. The Chlorophyta consisted of 54.5 percent of the total algae species. In Jargalant-Tain pass, Bogdkhan Mountain, the ground of the birch forest is drying up. Deterioration of forest soil ecology and the onset of aridity indicate the process of deforestation. Therefore, reforestation is urgently needed.