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Public order crisis/threats has catches Malaysian government attention when it has caused injury and loss of people life, as well as damage to property, thereby harming the country and affecting the economy. National Security Council (NSC) is the main coordinating agency that responsible for dealing with this public order crisis/threats. The study was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of NSC's involvement in dealing with public order crises/threats in Malaysia. The analysis will also evaluate the level of NSC coordination with other security agencies and the allignment effectiveness between Central and State NSC in dealing with this public order crisis/threats. The analysis focused on three (3) incidents that became the country black history, namely May 13, 1969 Race Riots, 2001 Kampung Medan Incident and 2018 Sri Maha Mariamman Temple. The research method using qualitative and analytical with reference to primary and secondary documents such as official reports, academic journals and online news, besides the application of study models namely Tripartite Model of National Security (3Ps Model). The analysis results found that NSC's involvement was reactive in playing its role in dealing with these three incidents. NSC coordination with other security agencies was active in all three incidents, but coordination with the State NSC was partially effective due to the lack of coordination from the Central NSC. Therefore, NSC needs to remain ensure that the strategies and approaches taken are effective in order to maintain its position as the main coordinating agency for national security that is relevant, effective and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of India as an economic power and the strategic measures to sustain economic growth has led to a transformation in India's foreign policy from the Look East Policy to the Act East Policy. This new policy is seen as an approach taken by India to deal with the changing global scenario. Act East Policy focuses on building a strategy for the growth of economy, politics, security and defense of India, through the extension of relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and in East Asia. In2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced the Act East Policy, aimed to achieve India's economic and geo-strategic interests. Although both of these policies lead to better relations with the countries in the eastern part of India, namely in Southeast Asia and East Asia, these policies appearto bear some differences and similarities. This article, will answer the question whether the Act East Policy is a new policy of India or the continuation of the existing Look East Policy, or is it a mere political rhetoric of the new administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment process of ASEAN Community has been long criticized by many scholars as too elitist and lacks serious efforts from policy makers to obtain public opinion to the regionalism initiatives. This article discusses the perception among public in Inodnesia, Malaysia and Singapore on nine issues challenging the establishment of ASEAN Community both in the internal condition of the ASEAN member states and also between the ten countries of ASEAN. Among the challenges are disparity in education quality; lack of economic competitiveness, heavy dependency on developed countries; economic disparity; differences in legal and political systems; limited mastery and creation of technology; poverty in the region; internal conflicts and terrorism; and ethnic and religious diversity in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]