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People with visual impairment in the public service sector face various issues and challenges in their work. Among the issues that visually impaired employees often face are transportation, skills and vocational training, education level, negative employer attitudes, lack of policy enforcement, and an environment that is not conducive to work. Besides that, visually impaired employees also have special needs compared to other workers. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the needs of visually impaired employees in the public service sector. The design of this study is a case study using a qualitative method which is a semi-structured interview. This study was conducted around the Klang Valley area involving four informants consisting of three men and one woman. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. This study shows that there are three main needs for visually impaired employees in the public service sector, namely in terms of transportation needs, accessibility at work and convenience at work. Therefore, this study suggests that stakeholders take pro steps in meeting the needs of visually impaired employers in the public service sector so that their well-being can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Woodhead Report from 1955 is one of the education reports that helped to improve Sarawak’s educational system. The investigation that led to this report was carried out by Woodhead towards the conclusion of 1954. The results of this study demonstrate that Sarawak’s efforts to strengthen its educational system have flaws. This article examines Woodhead’s report on developing education in Sarawak. The effectiveness of the report in advancing the education of the Sarawak’s people was also highlighted. Primary and secondary sources for this study were obtained through the library method. The main primary source to be examined is the Woodhead Report. Other sources are also used, such as the Sarawak Gazette, annual reports from Sarawak, and reports from the education department. Based on the analysis of the Woodhead report, the report touched on several aspects such as school curriculum, financial allocation, education infrastructure and teacher personnel. The study’s conclusions demonstrate that this research made some recommendations for enhancing education in Sarawak. Through the Department of Education, Woodhead contended, the federal government must be in charge of creating and upholding standards for all forms of education. The responsibility for school management will, however, fall to the school management organisation. Additionally, Woodhead recognised the necessity of a balanced budget allocation to make sure that education development could be carried out effectively. The necessity for capital grants for the advancement of education in Sarawak is also included in the plan, along with recurrent expenditure grants for school administration. For the funding, any Sarawakian school may apply. Grants are used to improve educational possibilities in rural schools serving the Bumiputera ethnic community. The British Government seriously considered the recommendations made to enhance education in Sarawak through the Woodhead Report. Even the Sarawak community acquired education that improved their life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curriculum reforms at the secondary-school level in Malaysia began in 1988 and was fully implemented in 1989. Heagly and Evans define curriculum as structured experience provided by the school for the student, so the student can meet all set learning outcomes to the best of their abilities. Prior to the introduction of the Secondary School Integrated Curriculum (KBSM), many issues were identified in the secondary school curriculum that served as the benchmark for curriculum reforms in Malaysia. Based on analysis, the introduction of KBSM was closely related to the turbulent historical issues during the first three decades after independence. These issues include problems with unity, inability to produce skilled labour, and the fragile and still negligible usage of the national language. Therefore, this article analyses the historical issues closely related to the introduction of KBSM, and the individuals responsible for ensuring KBSM comes into reality. The historical method is used as the thrust of this paper. Data collection-wise, this paper uses the qualitative analysis method of archival and library research. This approach aims to gather information and analysis a variety of primary and secondary sources such as the Report of the Education Committee 1956, Report of the Education Review Committee 1960, and the Cabinet Committee Report on Review of Implementation of Education Policies 1979, along with the Curriculum Committee Meeting Minutes in 1972, 1986 and 1987. The findings confirm the three historical issues strongly influenced the thought processes that went into planning and drafting KBSM. Implication-wise, the curriculum underwent reforms, towards a shift in the field of education following these historical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is a very necessary platform nowadays where it provides facilities for users to communicate with each other. The use of social media is increasing among the younger generation, especially students. But the widespread use of social media every day shows a negative impact on students such as insomnia. This happens because students spend a lot of time with social media for the purpose of learning, communicating, shopping online and so on. Uncontrolled use of social media can have an impact on users, which is disruption of their daily sleep patterns. Therefore, this study aims to identify the influence of social media on insomnia among UTHM Pagoh students. The research method used is descriptive analysis and Spearman's coefficient where data collection is done through a questionnaire and distributed to 159 UTHM Pagoh students. The findings of the study show that there is a strong relationship between the use of social media and the incidence of insomnia with a value of (ρ=0,000) and a value of (R=0,352), this proves that UTHM Pagoh students experience insomnia due to the use of social media for too long. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremism is a long-standing issue. When this ideology is linked to religion, it not only revolves around the implications of violence but also becomes the basis for the formation of heretical and deviant teachings from the flow of Sunah Waljamaah members. To eradicate it, the approach should be collective and require the cooperation of all parties. The basic concept of it should be true, authentic and convincing. It must come from a complete, systematic and consistent source and academic structure so that criticism and reflection on this ideology is seen to be organized, fair and easy to understand. Among the great figures of Islam who have evaluated and written systematically about this ideology is Yusuf al-Qaradawi, a Muslim scholar born in Egypt who resides in Doha, Qatar. He was one of the most influential Islamic scholars during his lifetime. He is also known as a simple but firm thinker. His views on simplicity have been widely commented, quoted and dissected by other Islamic scholars around the world. But despite this modesty, he is also known as a firm person who has a hard and consistent view on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss his views, criticisms and reflections on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. This article is part of the findings of a study on Islam and extremism in Malaysia that uses a qualitative and quantitative approach as a data collection method. Content analysis which mostly involved materials from his writings was used in addition to semi-structured interviews which were used to get the views of religious figures, activists and local authorities related to this matter. Analysis of the results of the study found that Yusuf al-Qaradawi has covered this in many of his writings, either reflecting specifically on this ideology or mentioning the implications of this ideology through his writings in matters of life in general. His views are also central to most of the writings of other Islamic figures when writing and talking about extremism and religious extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the initiatives taken by the government in addressing the issue of infectious diseases in Malaysia since the traditional era. The development of administrative management, control, and methods of dealing with infectious diseases in Malaysia shifted from the conventional to the modern approach, especially during the British colonial era. Health sector transition in Malaya was caused by the change in the ecosystem due to economic activity. The worrying spread of new emerging infectious diseases in Malaya forced the colonial authorities to look for a solution to ensure labour productivity was not too adversely affected, thus allowing for economic activity to run smoothly. Therefore, this article aims to identify the extent of government's role in taking serious steps to deal with infectious diseases in Malaysia before the enforcement of Act 342. This article uses historical methodology, qualitative-descriptive and analytical, focusing on specific key themes. This study depends on primary and secondary sources, such as state secretariat files, British Colonial Office Files (C.O. 273 & C.O. 1022), Ministry of Health annual reports, newspapers, books, and articles. The findings show the methods to deal with infectious diseases in Malaysia were a continuation of the methods inherited from the British colonial era. The British introduced methods such as quarantines, drainage, clean water flow, and vaccinations that demonstrated maximum effectiveness in containing and treating infectious diseases. For the post-Independence period, efforts towards infectious disease management and control also showed effectiveness with programmes such as the National Malaria, Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice-planting is synonymous with the Kedah Malays to present times. Paddy is the lifeblood of the majority of Malays in the state for ages. Interestingly, British control over Kedah since 1909 witnessed how, for the first time in Kedah history, the Malays were explicitly compelled by the government to remain in this activity. This new arrangement was clearly evident with the implementation of strict rice-land policies, especially throughout the period 1917-1932. The focus of this research is twofold: firstly, to evaluate the implementation of rice land policies during the period in question, and secondly, to analyse Malay form of reaction to this issue. To answer both questions, this study uses the qualitative method by focusing on Kedah State Secretary Files and the State of Kedah Annual Reports. Based on the analysis of implementation of rice land policies by the Kedah land administration, and the ensuing Malay reaction towards the government in 1917-1932, the implementation of these rice land policies ensured Malay retention in this traditional activity. Unfortunately, a large number of Malays suffered negative effects from these policies. The lower classes were proscribed by the government from opening and working their land as they please, and risked harsh government penalties for failure to adhere to the set policies. In contrast, the Malay elites continued their monopoly of rice lands due to government policy of maintaining their land-owning privileges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study emphasises the development of the socio-economy of the Malay community in Kedah. The issues focused on are related to the debt and poverty which had been the dilemma and shackled the Malay community, specifically the farmers. This research will unfold the factors that had led the farmers to like being indebted. This practice was seen to be the norm to the everyday life in handling hardship. In addition, the practice of indebtedness too had led the farmers to fall into the scourge of poverty. This research fully uses historical documents and materials which include books, articles, files from the state secretary, CO 273 Straits Settlements, Original Correspondence, 1838-1922 and CO 716, Kedah/Perlis Sessional Papers, 1905-1937. It was found that for the first quarter of the 20th century, the Malays in Kedah specifically the farmers suffered from financial difficulties. They were not only faced with poverty but also oppression from the middlemen and mounting debts. Many of these farmers at that time had to borrow from the loan sharks who were seen as the main source of income to settle all their bad debts. This research provides understanding about poverty, oppression and middleman issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statistics of increasing mental health cases every year show the need for strengthening existing prevention efforts. The integration of spiritual treatment in maintaining mental well-being has been accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, Islamic psychotherapy is among the method that can be applied to the client or patient is through soul reaction, spiritual, mental, emotional, and behavioral to achieve well-being. It can be described as a psychological intervention that aims to treat and cure emotional, spiritual, cognitive, and behavioral disorders of human beings based on the mold of syara’. Islamic psychotherapy has received due attention, yet it is still new and lacks exposure in broader research, especially from the point of view of enrich existing theoretical elements and empirical studies. Therefore, this study aims to put forward the Nabawi Psychotherapy as a method of psychotherapy treatment that is sourced from the medicine of Prophet SAW (tib Nabawi). The applied research methodology is through a qualitative approach by document analysis using library research to build the conceptual framework of Nabawi Psychotherapy and explain its position in Islamic Psychotherapy as an element of psychiatric treatment to address mental health issues. The selection and collection of hadith is through a thematic study of hadith (al-Hadith al-Mawḍu‘i) based on the theme of the methods of nubuwwah in controlling anger, despair refrain, gratitude, and patience. The findings have shown that the approach of Nabawi Psychotherapy has been discussed by Islamic scholars in the context of hadith fiqh covering elements of strengthening faith, practicality of worship, moral perfection, educational approach through targhib tarhib, taking ibrah from the story of the previous ummah, and so on. Highlights of previous studies also show that empirical research successfully proved the potential of Nabawi psychotherapy as a complementary treatment in dealing with mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halal product industry and market at the global level is increasingly showing an encouraging increase in parallel with the increase in the number of Muslims in the world. This causes an increase in demand for food products, cosmetics, medicine, and halal consumables. Based on this potential, Malaysia and Thailand have started to take steps to become the world's halal hub countries. Therefore, it is certain that these two countries will ensure halal certification according to the comprehensive and universal concept of halal thoyyiban. This article aims to compare aspects of the procedures and processes of halal certification and auditing protocols as well as the challenges faced in developing the halal industry in both countries. 19. The method used is a qualitative design that includes face-to-face interviews with the parties involved and document analysis from journal, website and internet sources. Overall, it can be concluded that, despite having different religious, population, and socioeconomic backgrounds, both countries, namely Malaysia and Thailand, still adhere to the concept of halalan thoyyiban which is based on Al-Quran and Sunnah. In terms of processes and procedures, Malaysia manages halal certification according to different schemes while in Thailand only one process is used for all products. In addition, in Malaysia, applications can be made online, while Thailand still uses a manual system. In terms of the challenges faced, both countries are facing almost the same issue i) there is no clear halal act, ii) smuggling activities that are still rampant, iii) the inability to efficient marketing, iv) lack of public understanding and, v) the stubborn attitude of traders and entrepreneurs to comply with procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of labour exploitation has been given media coverage at local and international level. It is one form of human trafficking which has been condemned by the international community. As a member of the International Labor Organization (ILO), this issue needs to be taken seriously. This study aims to examine the international labour standard and the Malaysian law relating to forced labor and trafficking in person by analysing the related legal framework using a doctrinal methodology and library based research as well as analysis of selected decided cases. Although Malaysia has local laws such as the Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007 (ATIPSOM) [Act 670] which covers aspects of exploitation and coercion, as well as Employment Act 1955 [Act 265]and Workers' Minimum Standards of Housing and Amenities Act, 1990 [Act 446), there are allegations that there are lacuna in these laws which need to be improved in order to address the issue of labour exploitation or forced labor practices in Malaysia successfully. It may be concluded that since the terms of forced labor are not defined in any law in Malaysia it causes ambiguity and difficulties in the application and enforcement of law. Thus, it is very important to carefully understand the intended meaning of a term in the legislation to ensure the extent of labour exploitation or forced labor practice in the Malaysian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates regarding the beautiful names of Allah has sparked off since the early age of Islam until now. Only three narrations that counting these Names which were narrated by al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and al-Hakim. Other narrations only quote that the almighty God has 99 beautiful names without counting and specify it. Ibn Hajar was among the early scholar who has criticised narrations that specifically counting these names. By using the comparative narration approach and analysing each of these narrations the objective of study is to study similarities and differences between these names. It was discovered that all the narration counting the names is not originated from the Prophet but an opinion (ijtihad) from the narrator himself that has been inserted (mudraj) into the hadith. 27 names should be adjusted according to Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of new units on the carbonate sequence of Teluk Ewa (from Tg. Mendidih to Teluk Ewa) has given an idea for the review of stratigraphic succession of Kaki Bukit Formation (Lower Setul Member). The analysis is related to a sedimentology study, where the sedimentary sequences formed as a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shallow marine system that combines the carbonate and silisiclastic deposits. Eight facies have been recognised such as (1) argillite facies, (2) interlayer of mudstone and limestone facies, (3) wavy stromatolites limestone facies, (4) linear stromatolites limestone facies, (5) heterolithic of mudstone-limestone facies, (6) shale facies, (7) massive limestone facies and (8) thrombolites limestone facies. Each facies are divided into four litostratigraphic units based on the evaluation from Malaysian Stratigraphic Nomenclature Committee (1997) and North American Stratigraphic Code 2005. (1) The clastic unit referring to the uppertmost part of Machinchang Formation maintains it's name. Meanwhile, the suggested nomenclature for the new units such as (2) The Sabung Member is referring to the basal carbonate unit comprising microbial facies and mixed silisiclastic-carbonate sediment. (3) The Pesak Seluar Member in the middle is a silisiclastic unit that consists of shale facies and (4) The Ewa Member at the top representing the upper limestone unit. All units show a similar litostratigraphic characteristics that are found in Tarutao Group, Pante Malaka Formation, Rung Nok Formation and Lae Tong Formation in Thailand as described by Wongwanich et al. (1990; 2002) and Imsamut & Abdul Rahman (2017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on how Lukut, which was formerly a territory within the state of Selangor, was officially demarcated to Negeri Sembilan in 1880. The change occurred after British began to intervene, thus lead to the change of the border successfully. Following this matter, the focus of this study will observe on how the boundary change process took place and what factors caused the British to act in such a way. This writing uses a historical approach. For the suitability of the study, the method adopted is a qualitative analysis method. The resources to be used include primary sources such as the British Colonial Office File (C.O. 273) and secondary sources. Based on these sources, the study found that the boundary change began with the region demands including Lukut which was voiced by Dato' Kelana Sending of Sungei Ujong in 1862. The claim received a response from Sultan Abdul Samad by handing over Lukut to Sungei Ujong through a letter, but did not get consent from several parties including Raja Jumaat. This situation continued until finally decided Lukut to be included in the Sungei Ujong border in 1880 officially. The British bounded Lukut under Sungei Ujong's rule so that it can be controlled and monitored by British which was previously an independent territory. Apart from that, the British action was also aimed at facilitating the demarcation process and administration of the two states due to the position of Lukut which is close to Sungei Ujong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will approach the development of Alor Setar as a commercial centre in the era between 1735-1909. Within this context, the advancement of this city will be plotted from the aspect of the commercial activities being conducted as well as the factors that triggered the growth of a better and rapid-growing Alor Setar. This study uses the qualitative measurement which involves the collection and data analysis from primary sources obtained from the National Archive of Malaysia such as letters sent by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa to Francis Light, Reminders from the Rulers of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Hamid's Letters and CO 716, Kedah/Perlis Sessional Papers, 1905-1937. The outcome of this study shows that since the year of 1735, when Alor Setar began its operation as the state administration centre, the city had become the hub for local people and also foreigners. Within this period of time, there was evidence of hasty trading activities between Alor Setar and foreign traders from Penang, India and China. Among the commodities being merchandised were food supplies namely rice, farm animals and woods. The consequence of these transactions provided a large sum of income to Kedah state. In addition, the commercial activities in Alor Setar had been enhanced with the presence of trading emporiums which allotted stores selling assorted items, for example the pawn shop, textile stores and groceries stores. The existence of Alor Setar as a rapid-growing commercial centre was contributed by several factors such as the effectiveness of administration, the efficiency of town safety control, the sophistication of the communication and transportation system, the competency of health control system and also the presence of town port. These indeed have become the undeniably alluring attractions for traders to pursue their trading business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prayer is submission and devotion to Allah SWT. It also shows the sign of one's faith by fulfilling the command to pray. This study was conducted to identify the implications of prayer worship on morals among primary school students which aims to determine the level of understanding, practice, appreciation and implications of prayer on morality. This study identifies the above four factors on student morale by using descriptive and inferential analysis design as well as random sampling techniques. The respondents in this study consisted of 123 Year Five Muslim students of Sungai Kapar Indah Klang Selangor National School. The research instrument is in the form of a questionnaire. The findings of the study show that the level of understanding of obligatory prayers is high (Min = 4.76, SP = 0.19), the level of practice of obligatory prayers is at a low level that is (Min = 1.59, SP = 0.51), the level of appreciation of obligatory prayers is at a high level (Min = 4.33, SP = 0.21) while the level of implications of obligatory prayers on morality also showed high (Mean = 4.39, SP = 0.28) Pearson correlation inference analysis was used to see the relationship between variables and the results have shown that there is no significant difference between variables. This study is expected to help students' awareness of fulfilling the obligatory prayers and in turn will be able to help for the formation of morals and personality of students at a better level. In addition, the role of all parties including teachers and parents in providing religious education perfectly, in order to perform obligatory prayers as best as possible and give the best impact on their morals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MakeX robotics competition is one of the largest robotics competitions in Malaysia, involving participants from primary and secondary schools. The organization of this competition is unique compared to other robotics competitions, where the contestants will be given training and workshops on the basics of assembling and programming robots, as well as basic strategies for completing the tasks of the competition. Crystal UKM, as co-organizer of the competition, is responsible with providing training to competition participants, which ranging from 7 to 17 years old. In providing an effective module for this year's contestants, Crystal UKM has developed a unique mentoring program involving second and third year undergraduate students, from Electrical and Electronic Engineering programme. These undergraduate students, in addition to providing technical training, they also play a role in maximizing the potential and developing the skills of the participants, to enhance the performance of the participants, as well as to increase the competitiveness amongst the participants. This paper focuses on the role and perspective of students as mentors of contestants and examines the effectiveness of this mentoring program in enhancing the soft skills of students involved as mentors. The success of the Malaysian team won the gold medal at the international MakeX robotic competition in Guangzhou, China recently, and the achievement of two other teams in the top 20, demonstrates the effectiveness of the staging program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) which has a tendency towards Islam, but secular concurrently raises a question: what is the identity of the AKP? To date, this question is still being debated although generally, AKP has frequently been denoted as a party with an Islamic aspiration. Hence, this paper aims to revisit the identity of the AKP based on the framework of Islamic political movement. This paper fully adopted library research by examining sources related to the scope of the discussion. Ideologically, AKP makes conservative democracy as its ideology by harmonizing between conservative and liberal democratic values. The party also adheres to the secularism discourse although it meets almost all the characteristics of Islamic political movement for the Turkish context. Besides, it was found that the AKP has sided to religious interests in few issues. At the same time, AKP also has been resisted by military as the guardian of secular principle. This paper argues that the AKP is a party of its own identity, where it upholds the liberal version of secularism and tends to create an accommodative atmosphere for free religious practice. Finally, this paper offers some recommendations that can be considered for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Islamic jurisprudence there is a discussion about wiping over the bandage for the sick people. According to the school of Hanafi, Maliki and Hanbali wiping over the bandage without dry ablution is permissable while from the Syafiʻi’s school of thought it is compulsory to take dry ablution after wiping over the bandage. The source of this disagreement was two Prophetic traditions from Jarir and Ibn ʻAbbas which was narrated by lenient narrators. This article to study all these traditions based on the methodology of transmitters criticism and comparative narration. The findings show that Prophetic tradition from lenient narrator can only be accepted if the content of its narration similar to other narration. Based on the studied Prophetic tradition, the similarity narration is only for the first phrase and the story of one Companion who injured in his head. While the second phrase elaborating the way he should take purification does not have any corroboration. This article can clarify which method of ablution is most appropriate for sick people with bandage according to the objective of Syariah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the historical development of Lukut during the era of the Selangor Sultanate. Until the mid-19th century, Lukut was known for its abundance of tin, and both Malay elites and Chinese capitalists migrated to and settled in Lukut to participate in tin mining. They presence, with their many followers and labour, expanded Lukut's function as a vibrant settlement. During the administration of Raja Jumaat (1846-1864), the tin mining sector in Lukut reached its zenith, transforming its landscape into a developed settlement, possessing the early characteristics of a town. Therefore, this article analyses the extent Raja Jumaat's governance contributed to the growth of Lukut as a town. This research found that Raja Jumaat's success in setting himself up as Lukut's legitimate ruler kick-started the development of the settlement. His ability in managing tin mining activities and implementation of an efficient taxation system further strengthened his economic standing. Raja Jumaat also carried out his responsibilities as the local ruler through the introduction of various basic amenities and service as part of Lukut's development. The establishment of infrastructure and security transformed the living standards of Lukut's residents into something more complex and ordered. Evidently, his foresight to meet the needs of Lukut residents, aside from attracting capitalists and investors in the tin mining sector, also promoted Lukut's growth into a town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good social life begins with the values of brotherhood which is enlivened among neighbours. However, lifestyle changes that are too busy as well as rapidly advancing technology are the main factors that erode this value. Neglecting the concept of neighbourhood life able to cause conflict in a society and thus threaten the peace and harmony of various races and religions in Malaysia. Islam places great emphasis on neighbourhood relations. This is because a good neighbourhood can contribute to a harmonious and prosperous society. An understanding and awareness of the neighbourhood concept among societies as recommended by Islam needs to be implemented. Thus, this study aims to analyse Rasulullah SAW approach on the concepts and principles of neighbourhood life. To achieve these objectives, this study uses an inductive approach that is sourced from the main hadith books and its syarah. Through the textual analysis that has been conducted, the study finds that the approach that has been brought by Rasullullah SAW in reviving neighbourhood values- such as helping each other, keeping secrets and covering the shame of neighbours, is a very practical practice in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States assertion to reengage the Asian region through its pivot or rebalancing strategy had created a sense of apprehension amongst Chinese experts. This strategy was formed for the U.S. to face regional challenges particularly on confronting China's rise besides receiving broad support from its allies while safeguarding its continuous presence and regional leadership. This article discusses on several grave perspectives from the eyes of Chinese experts on the U.S. rebalancing strategy to Asia. The U.S. regional strategic focus is a significant component under Obama's administration towards its security and political policy. This new strategy is influenced by two key dynamics that has the potential to shift the global power to Asia such as the incredible regional economic growth and the challenges that affect U.S. dominance in the current order. The rebalancing strategy represents the U.S. riposte to the region and is comprehended as Obama's stern determination in shaping their foreign policy. Similarly, this strategy intensified the Sino-U.S. strategic relationship and eventually shaped the regional landscape. This analysis concedes three main arguments such as to what extent have the Chinese experts led the analysis towards the U.S. rebalancing strategy; the notions from the strategy that influenced Chinese leadership; and whether these critical interpretations and assessments content to the realist paradigm. In short, this article includes several policy debates and academic assessments on the rebalancing strategy to Asia. Likewise, the article also accentuates on certain analysis from the Chinese perspectives on the strategy that has heightened the sense of insecurity among Chinese elites and citizens. Consequently, the strategy had raised the security dilemma between the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is expected to reach an aged population by 2030. Currently, micro takaful under the "Perlindungan Tenang" initiative, does not promote the participation of the elderly in line with the increasing life expectancy of the country. This is mainly due to the link between the high risk of age-related-illness. For the microtakaful offering segment, takaful operators should not expect immediate profit. Therefore, the study was conducted to look at collaboration opportunities between takaful operators and the Department of Social Welfare (JKM) by offering microtakaful to senior citizens in the country. Befittingly this collaboration has allowed for the government department, JKM, to provide direct service to senior citizens. Thus, field studies were conducted with JKM, takaful operators and the Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM). Interviews with JKM involved a group of senior citizens, and also members of the productive welfare and a sample of the community. Interviews with takaful operators included AIA Public Takaful in the Product Marketing Department, Prudential BSN Takaful under microtakaful and CSR Department and IKHLAS Takaful in the Bancatakaful Department. Interviews with BNM were conducted with the Islamic Banking and Takaful Department. The offering of microtakaful to senior citizens living in institutions under the JKM and senior citizens receiving financial assistance ie "Bantuan Orang Tua (BOT)" is made possible through funds from zakat, waqf and CSR in the form of non-commercial microtakaful. Whereas senior citizens living in the community can be offered commercial microtakaful through community cooperation, Elderly Care Centres, both from NGOs and privately registered centres have been cooperating with JKM to describe the value and importance of increasing understanding as well awareness of microtakaful. At the same time, microtakaful schemes need to make product design improvements to be relevant and appropriate for senior citizens, especially in terms of target schemes and supply channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this acticle is to discuss employment relationship in Indonesia, especially in the private sector, according to legalhistorical perspectives. The problem of labour relations in Indonesia has existed before the declaration of independence on August 17, 1945. The methodology used is qualitative descriptive with a historical-regulatory perspective approach. The results of the study shows that during the early stages of the history of employment relations in Indonesia, the workers were socially and economically vulnerable if compared to employers, thus they need to be protected by law to fight for their rights. The protection of the law on the workers and the employers basically is premised on two principles - the basis of governmental law and on human rights. All of this was not available to the workers before Indonesia achieved independence. When Indonesia achieved independence, new labour legislation was introduced to give protection to the workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decent work as a tool to stimulate economic growth is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) that sets by the United Nations. Taking into account that the non-standard employment is increasingly popular, the interest of the workers in this employment class must be equally protected. In the context of either employment law or human resource dimension, non-standard employment is not at all new because the issue has been commonly debated in many literatures since 1980s. Among the key features of non-standard employment are specified duration of service, non-permanent or temporary position, part-time or full-time status of job and flexible work arrangement. The scenario in Australia has shown that in parallel to the rapid popularity of non-standard employment, their labour law regimes also have been through all the necessary changes so that the laws adequately addressed the needs of these segments of workers. This article aims at reviewing the transformation of Australian labour law in general and at the same time, exploring some legal issues that have been debated for the interest of the non-standard workers. The author examines the framework of labor law ranging from 1990s to date by reviewing existing literature. In addition, the development of non-standard workers in Australia job industry will be looked into. Finally, the author outlines some aspects throughout the process of transformation of the Australian employment law that can be carefully considered and learned in our process of transforming the Malaysian employment law into a better set of law in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) is a recent trade agreement after negotiated for decades. TPPA was very sensation due to the new world trade movement lead by the United States. TPPA also seen as the greatest trade agreement in the 21st century that will bring major changes to TPP Member States in various sectors, mostly on economic, trade and investment fronts. Issues arising from the TPPA are not only in the domain of trade, but also intervenes other important aspects such as labour standards, the environment and intellectual property rights. In turn, this will have implications for our current standards and legal framework of TPP member states. A significant problem, and the focus of this paper, is the the impact of the TPPA on existing Malaysian labour laws. Whether Malaysia could maintain the existing framework for labour or does this agreement will require for necessary amendments need to be done in realizing the effectiveness of the TPPA? This article discusses the implications of Chapter No. 19 of TPPA (Labour Chapter) onto Malaysian labour laws resulting from the signed TPPA with other 11 Member States. Methodology used in this article is theoretical analysis based on primary and secondary sources. The interim review found that several sets of labour laws in Malaysia must be amended and the Government of Malaysia should aware with facing of any possible constraints and challenges to comply with international labour standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarawak is considered as fixed deposit to Barisan Nasional (BN). It very hard for the opposition especially Pakatan Harapan (PH) to defeat BN. Based on the previous general and state elections, PH fail to get strong support from Sarawak's voters. This happen because of BN had showed good proformamce in developed Sarawak. The development which had been plan and mobilized by BN had attracted the support from the Sarawak's people. On the other hand the opposition especially the PH had fail to show that their party could developed Sarawak. Owing to this PH especially DAP had mobilized their effort to develop Sarawak. In order to fulfill their target the Impian Sarawak is launched to help the rural people. Rural area is a stronghold of BN. However, their efforts have failed to achieve what they want. The election results show that the BN became stronger. Some of the seats won by the opposition had been captured by BN. The method of this study is based history method which would based on content analysis on the newspaper and books related to history and politic. In addition this research also used field work survey which would involved the ground survey before, during and after the election. The findings of this study show that Adenan Satem's leadership and provincialism had managed to obliterate national issues such as GST and 1MDB. Even Impian Sarawak and other opposition programs seem too small to gain support from Sarawak voter. The BN's victory signaled that Sarawak still fix deposit for BarisanNasional. Therefore, this article will examine these factors to explain these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of the Straits Settlements (SS) by the British in 1826 and the economic progress which followed directly affected the social environment and local institutions. Among the institutions developed in parallel with such progress were the prisons. The importance of SS prisons is not to be viewed merely from the point of security or punishment, but rather from the more important fact that the inmates of the prisons were the main labour force that served the various socioeconomic development needs. However, by the end of the 19th century, the prisons in the SS were threatened with a high mortality rate due to the outbreak of the beriberi disease. Collaboration between the prison management and medical experts began with the study of the miasmatic theory and the adoption of the dietetic approach but the high mortality rate persisted. The objective of this study is to investigate the causes of beri-beri and to examine the preventive measures that had been carried out by the British on the prisoners in the Straits Settlements Prison within the period of 1870 to 1915. The methodology of the study employed is the qualitative method based on historical disciplinary research. Therefore the study was conducted by reviewing the sources from the National Archives at Kuala Lumpur. Among them are the Straits Settlements Files (SSF), the Colonial Office (C.O), annual reports of the prison department and the medical department. The analysis found that, in the earliest decade of the 20th century, British efforts bore success when the search for the cause of the beriberi illness was traced to the deficiency of thiamine in food diet. This discovery then became the solution to the beri-beri problem in the Straits Settlements Prison besides contributing directly to the health of the prisoners as well as advancing the development of modern medical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial deposits in Setul Limestone succession are represented by stromatolites, thrombolites and oncolites layers. Each microorganism exhibits physical geometries that change either from straight, wavy, parallel or network-like complex structure. The results of sedimentary logging on the limestone sequences (Lower Setul Member and Upper Setul Member) in Langgun Island and Perlis area have identified a several microbial facies such as network-like complex thrombolitic facies, parallel stromatolitic facies, compound stromatolitic facies, oncolites facies, columnar stromatolitic facies, wavy stromatolitic facies and straight stromatolitic facies. Thrombolites and parallel stromatolites, dominating in Langgun Island area prove that the growth of microbial is controlled by the strong current flow which causes active scour process in the topography of the microbial structure. On the other hand, the formation of oncolites and columnar, wavy and straight stromatolites are dominant in Perlis area. The gradual changes of microbial facies indicate that the growth of structures is controlled by the environmental depth, in which the influx of organosedimentary materials that interact with micro-organisms relies on the availability of accomodation space. In the context of the paleo-environment interpretation, it is shown that the microbial facies are deposited in shallow marine carbonate environments from subtidal to supratidal zone. The gradual changes of microbial facies distribution indicate that the limestone succession is characterised by the shallow upward sequences that is influenced by the depth of the environment, the hydrodynamic, biological and chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses on the rise of China's military power that consists the aim and strategies behind its military rise; the rationale for China's military budget spending and the reaction from neighboring countries. Also, the article shares some views from the realist and neorealist paradigm regarding the phenomena. During the Cold War era, the US supremacy was then being challenged by the Soviet Union, however with the demise of the Soviet in 1991 has left a power vacuum for power that has throned the US as a global unipolar power in the anarchic international orde. Today, in the post Cold War era, the rise of China's military clout has engaged the regional challenge for power when the Chinese began its regional military modernization programme. Although China repeatedly announced that its action is merely to protect its regional interests yet its actions still created wariness among the regional neighbours especially the US that assumed the rise as an imminent threat. The article also analyzes China's military rise in order to understand whether the rise would be in a peaceful manner or presenting a threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is a new source energy. It began to be widely used in the Federated Malay States towards the 1920s. Being an efficient energy, the government gave special attention to it. They made effort to develop it as part of the infrastructure. Among the various efforts take by the government were established systematic management, implementing development continuously and getting cooperation from private companies. Hence, the electricity service provided a new dimension to the growth of the economic sector. Electricity was used in the tin mining sector. In this regard, mining operators used modern machineries which not only led the sector into the new era but also assured the availability of manpower. Moreover, the rapid development of electricity provided job opportunities to locals. They could engage in the electricity industry as skilled workers. Since electricity made progress and the community accepted the use of electricity in their life, electricity-based business emerged. Investors took these opportunities to create company and gained profits from their electricity-based business and service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of diseases such as gout and hyperuricemia. Additionally, the use of XO inhibitors can further be extended to injury treatments such as ischemic reperfusion in various organs such as heart, liver and kidney. In this study, 7 aurone compounds were synthesized and tested on XO and compared with the positive control allopurinol. Compound 5e was identified as the most potent compound and was able to inhibit half of XO activity at 33.23 μM followed by compounds 5f and 5d at 210.22 μM and 302.0 μM, respectively. Finally, molecular docking study was conducted to understand the important binding interactions of the selected aurone with the active site of XO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]